46:. It acknowledges that the genealogical structure of a linkage typically consists of entangled subgroups, and provides ways to reconstruct that internal structure by measuring the relative strength of these subgroups.
190:
The glottometric diagram represents graphically the strength of each subgroup. Thus, the contour's thickness can be made proportional to the rate of “cohesiveness” or “subgroupiness” calculated for that subgroup. The
916:
Van Gysel, Jens E.L. (2017). "Temporal
Predicative Particles in Sanapaná and the Enlhet-Enenlhet Language Family (Paraguay). A Descriptive and Comparative Study" (Document). Netherlands: Leiden University.
187:, except that each isogloss refers not to a single innovation but to a set of languages defined by one or more exclusively-shared innovations — that is, a genealogical subgroup.
162:
the “strength” of each subgroup is measured on a continuous scale (rather than subgroups simply being absent or present). That strength is assessed using two ratings, named
839:
93:
often used in historical linguistics, which presupposes that innovations should be nested. This common situation is better approached using the
645:
656:
439:
109:
470:, a free tool allowing users to upload their own historical data, perform glottometric calculations, and generate a glottometric map.
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226:
Several studies have been conducted, partly or entirely within the framework of
Historical glottometry – including the following:
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58:
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One of the outputs of
Historical Glottometry takes the form of a “glottometric diagram”. Such diagrams are analogous to the
771:
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145:
152:
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82:
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772:"Méthode comparative et chaînages linguistiques: Pour un modèle diffusionniste en généalogie des langues"
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339:
78:
43:
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404:
50:
911:
Rannap, JĂĽrgen (2017). "Mathematical analysis of Numic languages" (Document). Estonia: Univ. of Tartu.
411:
has been taken into account" – provided the internal variation discussed in the analysis includes the
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Let's talk about trees: Tackling
Problems in Representing Phylogenic Relationships among Languages
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556:(2019). "Why we need tree models in linguistic reconstruction (and when we should apply them)".
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657:"Freeing the Comparative Method from the tree model: A framework for Historical Glottometry"
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407:(2019) concur that "Historical Glottometry does not challenge the family tree model once
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can be applied to account for non-treelike phenomena in language evolution. Kalyan and
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in which historical innovations tend to overlap. Such linkages do not conform with the
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666:, Senri Ethnological Studies, 98, Ōsaka: National Museum of Ethnology, pp. 59–89
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781:. Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris. Louvain: Peeters. pp. 43–82.
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65:, in recent years it has been applied to a much broader range of language families.
706:"Subgrouping the Sogeram languages: A critical appraisal of Historical Glottometry"
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The fundamental principles of
Historical Glottometry include the following:
34:
The aim of
Historical Glottometry (HG) is to address the limitations of the
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Historical
Glottometry grew out of the observation that a large number of
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104:, the aim of Historical Glottometry is to provide an alternative,
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Understanding language genealogy: Alternatives to the tree model
54:
792:"When the waves meet the trees: A response to Jacques and List"
634:"Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification"
461:
683:"A Glottometric Subgrouping of the Early Germanic Languages"
739:"Visualizing the Boni dialects with Historical Glottometry"
210:
Glottometric results can also be displayed in the form of
704:
Daniels, Don; Barth, Danielle; Barth, Wolfgang (2019).
779:
Diffusion : implantation, affinités, convergence
878:"Interrogating the Egypto-Sudanic Arabic Connection"
397:Jacques & List (2019) show that the concept of
689:. San Jose, CA, USA: San Jose State University.
638:The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics
112:, while remaining true to the principles of the
662:, in Kikusawa, Ritsuko; Reid, Laurie (eds.),
61:). While the method was initially applied to
8:
636:, in Bowern, Claire; Evans, Bethwyn (eds.),
222:Applications to particular language families
790:Kalyan, Siva; François, Alexandre (2019).
655:Kalyan, Siva; François, Alexandre (2018),
464:, including a tutorial and a bibliography.
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640:, London: Routledge, pp. 161–189,
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876:Leddy-Cecere, Thomas A. (2021-07-23).
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468:Historical glottometry online analyzer
847:. Journal of Historical Linguistics.
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537:A tutorial on Historical Glottometry
197:an example of a glottometric diagram
834:Kalyan, Siva; François, Alexandre;
85:), i.e. they evolved out of former
462:Homepage of Historical glottometry
440:Genetic relationship (linguistics)
193:homepage of Historical Glottometry
14:
799:Journal of Historical Linguistics
743:Journal of Historical Linguistics
710:Journal of Historical Linguistics
558:Journal of Historical Linguistics
360:, a group of languages spoken in
140:(a principle first expressed by
49:This approach was developed by
138:exclusively shared innovations
1:
777:. In Jean-LĂ©o LĂ©onard (ed.).
770:François, Alexandre (2017).
632:François, Alexandre (2014),
612:Kalyan & François (2019)
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524:Kalyan & François (2018)
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539:, by Kalyan & François.
390:Historical glottometry and
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409:incomplete lineage sorting
400:incomplete lineage sorting
392:incomplete lineage sorting
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253:Kalyan & François 2018
199:, based on a study of the
737:Elias, Alexander (2019).
579:21.11116/0000-0004-4D2E-4
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358:Enlhet–Enenlhet languages
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151:subgroups are allowed to
943:Quantitative linguistics
895:10.3390/languages6030123
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413:geographical (dialectal)
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124:Principles of the method
23:. It is a quantitative,
938:Comparative linguistics
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155:(as expected under the
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696:10.31979/etd.69cp-8xz2
21:historical linguistics
17:Historical Glottometry
853:10.1075/jhl.00005.kal
811:10.1075/jhl.18019.kal
755:10.1075/jhl.18009.eli
722:10.1075/jhl.17011.dan
681:Agee, Joshua (2018).
570:10.1075/jhl.17008.mat
445:Linkage (linguistics)
340:Uto-Aztecan languages
175:Glottometric diagrams
120:in the 19th century.
264:, a subgroup of the
232:Torres–Banks linkage
201:Torres–Banks linkage
29:language subgrouping
19:is a method used in
836:Hammarström, Harald
554:List, Johann-Mattis
286:on the dialects of
144:), i.e. linguistic
57:) and Siva Kalyan (
550:Jacques, Guillaume
425:Comparative method
376:Germanic languages
292:Cushitic languages
114:Comparative method
110:language genealogy
81:(a term coined by
77:in the world form
51:Alexandre François
647:978-0-41552-789-7
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327:Leddy-Cecere 2021
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262:Sogeram languages
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216:glottometric maps
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63:Oceanic languages
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38:when applied to
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185:dialectology
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108:approach to
100:Inspired by
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83:Malcolm Ross
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27:approach to
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415:dimension.
349:Rannap 2017
927:Categories
888:(3): 123.
621:References
450:Wave model
305:Elias 2019
157:Wave model
95:Wave model
91:Tree model
36:tree model
904:2226-471X
882:Languages
861:2210-2116
827:198707375
819:2210-2116
763:198404036
730:198356030
588:2210-2116
381:Agee 2018
374:on early
195:includes
153:intersect
69:Rationale
869:86459460
838:(2019).
596:52220491
535:Source:
419:See also
405:François
362:Paraguay
275:Daniels
214:, or of
183:used in
134:subgroup
79:linkages
44:linkages
300:Somalia
240:Vanuatu
230:on the
205:Vanuatu
142:Leskien
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277:et al.
865:S2CID
845:(PDF)
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795:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
759:S2CID
726:S2CID
660:(PDF)
592:S2CID
475:Notes
342:from
322:Sudan
318:Egypt
296:Kenya
294:from
268:from
238:from
132:each
900:ISSN
857:ISSN
815:ISSN
642:ISBN
584:ISSN
320:and
298:and
288:Boni
279:2019
249:2017
166:and
55:CNRS
42:and
890:doi
849:doi
807:doi
751:doi
718:doi
691:doi
574:hdl
566:doi
356:on
334:on
316:of
312:on
260:on
203:in
59:ANU
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604:^
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516:^
501:^
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251:;
247:,
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207:.
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53:(
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