History of Christianity in Britain

1793:. The evangelical Free Churches, which were more accepting of Gaelic language and culture, grew rapidly in the Highlands and Islands, appealing much more strongly than did the established church. Chalmers's ideas shaped the breakaway group. He stressed a social vision that revived and preserved Scotland's communal traditions at a time of strain on the social fabric of the country. Chalmers's idealised small equalitarian, kirk-based, self-contained communities that recognised the individuality of their members and the need for cooperation. That vision also affected the mainstream Presbyterian churches, and by the 1870s it had been assimilated by the established Church of Scotland. Chalmers's ideals demonstrated that the Church was concerned with the problems of urban society, and they represented a real attempt to overcome the social fragmentation that took place in industrial towns and cities. 1220:, were the most successful and after the revolution and entirely distinct American Methodist denomination emerged that became the largest Protestant denomination in the new United States. A major problem for colonial officials was the demand of the Church of England to set up an American bishop; this was strongly opposed by most of the Americans and never happened. Increasingly colonial officials took a neutral position on religious matters, even in those colonies such as Virginia where the Church of England was officially established, but in practice controlled by laymen in the local vestries. After the Americans broke free, British officials decided to enhance the power and wealth of the Church of England in all the settler colonies, especially British North America (Canada). 1436:, found notable exceptions to the decline, which includes the up to two million people who attended Billy Graham's United Kingdom campaigns from 1954-55. With Wembley Stadium filled to overflowing with 120,000 people, Graham's meeting on Sunday 23 May 1954 was called, "Britain's biggest religious meeting of all time." Subsequent renewal movements include the Pentecostal movement, the Charismatic Renewal and more recently, rapid growth in ethnic minority churches. Whilst church attendance continues to decline, he concludes Britain remains, "Historically and culturally Christian in nature," something he notes is recognised by significant leaders of minority faiths in Britain, as an expression of tolerance. 1314:

was parallel. Methodism, the largest of the Nonconformists reached a peak of 841,000 members in Great Britain in 1910, slipped to 802,000 in 1920, 792,000 in 1940 729,000 in 1960, and 488,000 in 1980. The Nonconformists had built a strong base in industrial districts that specialised in mining textiles agriculture and fishing; those were declining industries, whose share of the total male workforce was in steady decline, from 21 per cent in 1921 to 13 per cent in 1951. As families migrated to southern England, or to the suburbs, they often lost contact with their childhood religion. Political reverberations were most serious for the Liberal Party, which was largely

1323:. In Scotland the two major Presbyterian groups, the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church, merged in 1929 for the same reason. Nonetheless the steady declension continued. The Nonconformists showed not just a decline in membership but a dramatic fall in enthusiasm. Sunday school attendance plummeted; there were far fewer new ministers. Antagonism toward Anglicanism sharply declined, and many prominent Nonconformists became Anglicans, including some leading ministers. There was a falling away in the size and fervour of congregations, less interest in funding missionaries, a decline in intellectualism, and persistent complaints about the lack of money. Commentator 1208:, the Government conducted a census in England and Wales of attendance at religious services on 30 March 1851. Reports were collected from local ministers who reported attendance at their services on 30 March 1851. The effect of individuals attending multiple services (morning/afternoon/evening) could not be fully accounted for, but the estimated number of individuals attending a service at some point in the day was 7,261,032 people. The number of individuals attending morning services was 4,647,482, and the total number of attendees (including duplicates) was 10,896,066. The total population at the time was 17.9 million. 1769: 440: 1259:

general, colonial officials were much more comfortable with working with the established local leadership, including the native religions, rather than introducing the divisive force of Christianity. This proved especially troublesome in India, where very few local elites were attracted to Christianity. In Africa, especially, the missionaries made many converts. By the 21st century there were more Anglicans in Nigeria than in England, and they were culturally and theologically much more conservative.

1058: 1272: 1142: 30: 1196:. It did not seek political reform, but rather the opportunity to save souls through political action by freeing slaves, abolishing the duel, prohibiting cruelty to children and animals, stopping gambling, and avoiding frivolity on the Sabbath. They read the Bible every day. All souls were equal in God's view, but not all bodies, so evangelicals did not challenge the hierarchical structure of English society. 675: 2737: 1575: 1996: 317: 1340:. In localities across England, fierce battles were fought between the Nonconformists, Anglicans, and Catholics, each with their own school systems supported by taxes, and secular schools, and taxpayers. The Nonconformists had long taken the lead in fighting the Anglicans, who a century before had practically monopolised education. The Anglican share of the 1717:. The battle was over fears of fanaticism by the former and the promotion of Enlightenment ideas by the latter. The Patronage Act of 1712 was a major blow to the evangelicals, for it meant that local landlords could choose the minister, not the members of the congregation. Schisms erupted as the evangelicals left the main body, starting in 1733 with the 1683: 1660:. At this point the majority of the population was probably still Catholic in persuasion and the Kirk found it difficult to penetrate the Highlands and Islands, but began a gradual process of conversion and consolidation that, compared with reformations elsewhere, was conducted with relatively little persecution. 1745:

missionaries and to the disruption of traditional society. Catholicism had been reduced to the fringes of the country, particularly the Gaelic-speaking areas of the Highlands and Islands. Conditions also grew worse for Catholics after the Jacobite rebellions and Catholicism was reduced to little more

1457:

has been followed, as in other Western countries, by divisions between traditional Catholicism and a more liberal form of Catholicism claiming inspiration from the Council. This caused difficulties for not a few pre-conciliar converts, though others have still joined the Church in recent decades (for

1262:

Missionaries increasingly came to focus on education, medical help, and long-term modernisation of the native personality to inculcate European middle-class values. They established schools and medical clinics. Christian missionaries played a public role, especially in promoting sanitation and public

1780:

and passed the Veto Act, which allowed congregations to reject unwanted "intrusive" presentations to livings by patrons. The following "Ten Years' Conflict" of legal and political wrangling ended in defeat for the non-intrusionists in the civil courts. The result was a schism from the church by some

1352:

As anti-Catholicism declined sharply after 1910, the Catholic Church grew in numbers, grew rapidly in terms of priests and sisters, and expanded their parishes from intercity industrial areas to more suburban locales. Although underrepresented in the higher levels of the social structure, apart from

1905:

were all at around 0.1 per cent. Other religions together accounted for 0.6 per cent of respondents and 5.5 per cent did not state a religion. There were 27.5 per cent who stated that they had no religion (which compares with 15.5 per cent in Britain overall). Other more recent studies suggest that

1875:

churches. Although some denominations thrived, after World War II there was a steady overall decline in church attendance and resulting church closures for most denominations. Talks began in the 1950s aiming at a grand merger of the main Presbyterian, Episcopal and Methodist bodies in Scotland. The

1848:

churches had appeared in Scotland in the 18th century, but did not begin significant growth until the 19th century, partly because more radical and evangelical traditions already existed within the Church of Scotland and the free churches. From 1879 they were joined by the evangelical revivalism of

1827:

in 1829 and the influx of large numbers of Irish immigrants, particularly after the famine years of the late 1840s, principally to the growing lowland centres like Glasgow, led to a transformation in the fortunes of Catholicism. In 1878, despite opposition, a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical hierarchy

1667:

and heretics, and made blasphemy a capital crime. Thomas Aitkenhead, the son of an Edinburgh surgeon, aged 18, was indicted for blasphemy by order of the Privy Council for calling the New Testament "The History of the Imposter Christ"; he was hung in 1696. Their extremism led to a reaction known as

1348:

Britain continued to think of itself as a Christian country; there were a few atheists or nonbelievers, and unlike the continent, there was no anti-clericalism worthy of note. A third or more prayed every day. Large majorities used formal Church services to mark birth, marriage and death. The great

1313:

Although the overall population was growing steadily, and the Catholic membership was keeping pace, the Protestants were slipping behind. Out of 30-50 million adults, they dropped slowly from 5.7 million members in 1920, and 5.4 million in 1940, to 4.3 million in 1970. The Church of England decline

1076:

The religious settlement of 1689 shaped policy down to the 1830s. The Church of England was not only dominant in religious affairs, but it blocked outsiders from responsible positions in national and local government, business, professions and academia. In practice, the doctrine of the divine right

2080:

By every measure (number of churches, number of parish clergy, church attendance, Easter Day communicants, number of church marriages, membership as a proportion of the adult population) the Church of England was in decline after 1970. In 1985 there were only half as many parish clergy as in 1900.

1331:

In the generation that has passed since the great Liberal landslide of 1906, one of the greatest changes in the English religious and social landscape has been the decline of Nonconformity. Partly that decline has been due to the general weakening of the hold of Christianity on the English people,

1318:

in the Nonconformist community, and which rapidly lost membership in the 1920s as its leadership quarrelled, the Irish Catholics and many from the working-class moved to the Labour Party, and part of the middle class moved to the Conservative party. Hoping to stem the membership decline, the three

1258:

Missionary societies funded their own operations that were not supervised or directed by the Colonial Office. Tensions emerged between the missionaries and the colonial officials. The latter feared that missionaries might stir up trouble or encourage the natives to challenge colonial authority. In

760:

an independent national church, no longer under the governance of the Pope, but with the King as Supreme Governor. (It is sometimes incorrectly stated that the Church of England was established at this time. The Church of England was a province of the Catholic Church at least since c. 600 AD. when

1638:

in 1557 and representing their interests politically. The collapse of the French alliance and English intervention in 1560 meant that a relatively small, but highly influential, group of Protestants were in a position to impose reform on the Scottish Church. A confession of faith, rejecting papal

3590:

Encyclopædia Britannica. Statistics are for "full members of certain churches in England and Wales." The 1929 edition records 2,294,000 Anglicans, 1,939,700 other Protestants (Methodists, Congregationalists, Baptists, etc.), 1,930,000 Catholics, and "about 300,000" Jews. The 1953 edition records

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religion, trying to convert individuals to a personal relationship with Christ through Bible reading, regular prayer, and especially the revival experience. Wesley himself preached 52,000 times, calling on men and women to "redeem the time" and save their souls. Wesley always operated inside the

2053:

Historians agree that in the late 1940s Britain was a predominantly Christian nation, with its religiosity reinforced by the wartime experience. Peter Forster found that in answering pollsters the English reported an overwhelming belief in the truth of Christianity, a high respect for it, and a

165:, and worshipped several of them, likely selecting some local and tribal deities as well as some of the major divinities venerated across the Empire. Both indigenous British deities and introduced Roman counterparts were venerated in the region, sometimes syncretising together, as in cases like 1444:

English Catholicism continued to grow throughout the first two thirds of the 20th century, when it was associated primarily with elements in the English intellectual class and the ethnic Irish population. Rates of attending Mass remained very high in stark contrast with the Anglican church and

1626:, who was burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal Beaton in 1546, angered Protestants. Wishart's supporters assassinated Beaton soon after and seized St. Andrews Castle, which they held for a year before they were defeated with the help of French forces. The survivors, including chaplain 2063:

agreed, noting that: "the Protestant churches. Anglican, and more especially non-conformist, all felt the pressure of falling numbers and of secular challenges....Even the drab Sabbath of Wales and Scotland was under some threat, with pressure for opening cinemas in Wales and golf-courses in

2071:

grew rapidly, and by the 1990s Protestantism cast a thin shadow of its 1945 strength. Compared to Western Europe, Britain stood at the lower end of attendance at religious services, and near the top in people claiming ‘no religion’. While 80 per cent of Britons in 1950 said they were

2044:

was the largest full scale Christian revival of Wales of the 20th century. It is believed that at least 100,000 people became Christians during the 1904–1905 revival, but despite this it did not put a stop to the gradual decline of Christianity in Wales, only holding it back slightly.

268:

times. The first archaeological evidence and credible records showing a community large enough to maintain churches and bishops date to the 3rd and 4th centuries. These more formal organisational structures arose from materially modest beginnings: the British delegation to the 353

1448:

By the latter years of the 20th century low numbers of vocations also affected the church with ordinations to the priesthood dropping from the hundreds in the late 20th century into the teens in 2006–2011; 20 men were ordained to the diocesan priesthood in 2011 and 31 in 2012.

1630:, were condemned to be galley slaves in France, stoking resentment of the French and creating martyrs for the Protestant cause. Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of 1884:

42.4 per cent of the population identified with the Church of Scotland, 15.9 per cent with Catholicism and 6.8 with other forms of Christianity, making up roughly 65 per cent of the population (compared with 72 per cent for Britain as a whole). Of other religions

1077:

of kings persisted, old animosities had diminished, and a new spirit of toleration was abroad. Restrictions on Nonconformists were mostly either ignored or slowly lifted. The Protestants, including the Quakers, who worked to overthrow King James II were rewarded.

556:

the following year; he enjoyed the seizure of the Church's revenues but finally relented owing to domestic and foreign rivals strengthened by papal opposition. Although John quickly reneged on his payments, Innocent thereafter took his side and roundly condemned

1796:

In the late 19th century the major debates were between fundamentalist Calvinists and theological liberals, who rejected a literal interpretation of the Bible. This resulted in a further split in the Free Church as the rigid Calvinists broke away to form the

189:" developed, influenced by both Iron Age and imperial Roman architectural styles but distinct from both; buildings in this style remained in use until the 4th century. The cults of various eastern deities had also been introduced to Roman Britain, among them 1952:

of 1618-1619. Calvinism developed through the Puritan period, following the restoration of the monarchy under Charles II, and within Wales' Methodist movement. However few copies of Calvin's works were available before the mid-19th century. In 1567 Davies,

1344:

population fell from 57 per cent in 1918 to 39 per cent in 1939. With the sustained decline in Nonconformist enthusiasm their schools closed one after another. In 1902, the Methodist Churches operated 738 schools; only 28 remained in 1996.

1250:

All the main denominations were involved in 19th-century missions, including the Church of England, the Presbyterians of Scotland, and the Nonconformists. Much of the enthusiasm emerged from the Evangelical revival. Within the Church of England, the

1655:

and rejected most of the elaborate trappings of the medieval Church. The reformed Kirk gave considerable power to local lairds, who often had control over the appointment of the clergy. There were widespread, but generally orderly outbreaks of

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Knox, having escaped the galleys and spent time in Geneva as a follower of Calvin, emerged as the most significant figure of the period. The Calvinism of the reformers led by Knox resulted in a settlement that adopted a (partial)

1740:

folk beliefs and practices. The remoteness of the region and the lack of a Gaelic-speaking clergy undermined the missionary efforts of the established Church. The later 18th century saw some success, owing to the efforts of the

1452:

The upward social movement of Irish Catholics out of the working-class into the middle-class suburban mainstream often meant their assimilation with broader, secular English society and loss of a separate Catholic identity. The

1353:

a few old aristocratic Catholic families, Catholic talent was emerging in journalism and diplomacy. A striking development was the surge in highly publicised conversion of intellectuals and writers including most famously

2058:

argued that long-held attitudes did not stop change; by midcentury: "Britain was still a Christian country only in a vague attitudinal sense, belief generally being more a residual husk than the kernel of conviction."

2018:. Welsh Methodists gradually built up their own networks, structures, and even meeting houses (or chapels), which led eventually to the secession of 1811 and the formal establishment of the Calvinistic Methodist 1828:

was restored to the country, and Catholicism became a significant denomination within Scotland. Episcopalianism also revived in the 19th century as the issue of succession receded, becoming established as the

1163:

movement inside and outside the Church of England gained strength in the late 18th and early 19th century. The movement challenged the traditional religious sensibility that emphasised a code of honor for the

4220: 1602:, which became Presbyterian in outlook and severely reduced the powers of bishops. Remnants of Catholic and Episcopal religion remained, however. In the earlier part of the century, the teachings of first 1981:

and vehicle for worship. This had a significant role in its continued use as a means of everyday communication and as a literary language down to the present day despite the pressure of English.

1181:. It stood alongside the traditional nonconformism of Presbyterians, Congregationalist, Baptists, Unitarians and Quakers. The earlier Nonconformists, however, were less influenced by revivalism. 3614: 1349:

majority believed in God and heaven, although belief in hell fell off after all the deaths of the World War. After 1918, Church of England services stopped practically all discussion of hell.

1095:

Harsh penalties on Catholicism remained until the threat of a French restoration of the Catholic Stuart kings ended, but they were seldom enforced, and afterwards were slowly lifted until

209:, "a major polytheistic system", remains dominant, and "where churches containing images of Christ and the Virgin are in a tiny minority against the many temples of gods and goddesses". 1733:

of the later 18th century. a key result was the main Presbyterian church was in the hands of the Moderate faction, which provided critical support for the Enlightenment in the cities.

1742: 1813:. The removal of legislation on lay patronage would allow the majority of the Free Church to rejoin Church of Scotland in 1929. The schisms left small denominations including the 837: 2014:

in Wales and at the beginning remained as a group within it, but the Welsh revival differed from the Methodist revival in England in that its theology was Calvinist rather than

774: 1906:

those not identifying with a denomination, or who see themselves as non-religious, may be much higher at between 42 and 56 per cent, depending on the form of question asked.

4709: 1977:

completed a translation of the whole Bible. These translations were important to the survival of the Welsh language and had the effect of conferring status on Welsh as a

4433:

Martin, Mary Clare. "Church, school and locality: Revisiting the historiography of 'state' and 'religious' educational infrastructures in England and Wales, 1780–1870."

1610:

began to influence Scotland, particularly through Scottish scholars, often training for the priesthood, who had visited Continental universities. The Lutheran preacher

761:

Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. Therefore the Church of England could not have been established at a time when it had existed for over 900 years.)

1491: 1421:

Present debates concern the ordination of women and the acceptance of homosexuality within the Church and clergy. The established church continues to count many more

2101:, which asks "What is your religion?", recorded lower numbers than the BSA for the non-religious, but also that Christianity had slipped below half the population. 4213: 1145: 1332:

partly it has been due to the comparative irrelevance of the peculiarly Nonconformist (as a part from Christian) view of the contemporary world and its problems.

4846: 4659: 1216:

During the 18th century heyday of the First British Empire, Anglican and Methodist missionaries were active in the 13 American Colonies. The Methodists, led by

2037:— who in turn also experienced growth and renewal. As a result, by the middle of the nineteenth century, Wales was predominantly a Nonconformist nation. 4953: 1569: 4958: 2757: 1763: 1677: 1750:, which had retained supporters through the civil wars and changes of regime in the 17th century. Since most Episcopalians had given their support to the 4766: 4013: 1877: 1777: 1487: 4963: 3624: 2115: 794: 790: 1790: 532:

revenues, subcontracting the position's duties to lower clerics or simply treating them as sinecures. The importance of such revenues prompted the

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Smith, John T. (2010). "Ecumenism, economic necessity and the disappearance of Methodist elementary schools in England in the twentieth century".

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Parker, David (1999). "'Stand Therefore!'—Bishop Michael Bolton Furse, the Diocese of St. Albans, and the Church Schools Controversy, 1919–1939".

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Brown, Callum G. "Secularization, the Growth of Militancy and the Spiritual Revolution: Religious Change and Gender Power in Britain, 1901–2001"

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Long after the triumph of the Church of Scotland in the Lowlands, Highlanders and Islanders clung to an old-fashioned Christianity infused with

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William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England. From the Earliest Period to the Reign of King Stephen. With Notes and Illustrations

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rejected the proposals. The religious situation was also altered by immigration, resulting in the growth of non-Christian religions. In the

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suggested that to "sense something of the spiritual environment of Christianity at this time", one could compare it to modern India, where

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Britain, A Christian Country: A Nation Defined by Christianity and the Bible, and the Social Changes that Challenge this Biblical Heritage

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Britain, A Christian Country: A Nation Defined by Christianity and the Bible and the Social Changes that Challenge this Biblical Heritage

2010:

of the 18th century was one of the most significant religious and social movements in the history of Wales. The revival began within the

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health. Many were trained as physicians, or took special courses in public health and tropical medicine at Livingstone College, London.

958: 343: 119:

Following the Reformation, adherence to the Catholic Church continued at various levels in different parts of Britain, especially among

4639: 1336:

One aspect of the long-term decline in religiosity was that Protestants showed increasingly less interest in sending their children to

4841: 4791: 4704: 4699: 4669: 4664: 4649: 4634: 4619: 1255:(CMS) originated in 1799 and went on to undertake activity all around the world, including in what became known as "the Middle East". 1184:

The Church of England remained dominant, but it had a growing evangelical, revivalist faction: the "Low Church". Its leaders included

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Robb, G. (1990). "Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries".

34: 4907: 4684: 1432:

Whilst identifying significant decline in statistical data of church attendance from the 1950s onwards, Paul Backholer, author of

1310:. This led to calls that he should resign as a bishop; he refused, but Davidson made a gentle attack on Barnes in an open letter. 4821: 4746: 2168: 2094: 1841: 1445:

Nonconformist Protestant churches. Clergy numbers, which began the 20th century at under 3,000, reached a high of 7,500 in 1971.

1030: 1026: 1002: 914: 859: 845: 669: 561:, calling it "not only shameful and demeaning but illegal and unjust". A major reform movement or heresy of the 14th century was 4922: 4874: 4771: 3989: 1801:

in 1893. There were, however, also moves towards reunion, beginning with the unification of some secessionist churches into the

2090: 1706: 1640: 994: 717: 46: 42: 4879: 4731: 4884: 4289: 3994: 2110: 1810: 786: 741: 1709:. These fractures were prompted by issues of government and patronage, but reflected a wider division between the hard-line 4801: 4761: 4741: 4912: 4736: 4552:

Yalden, Peter. "Association, Community and the Origins of Secularisation: English and Welsh Nonconformity, c. 1850–1930."

733: 241: 152: 124: 4932: 4917: 4816: 4811: 4786: 4644: 1522:, notes: "The impact of Irish immigrants is one. There are numerous prominent campaigners, academics, entertainers (like 352:

west, it was extinguished in the east with the arrival of the Saxons until it was reintroduced to eastern Britain by the

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Morris, Jeremy. '"Secularization and Religious Experience: Arguments in the Historiography of Modern British Religion"

2195:, which was written during the 1130s, although the passages dealing with Joseph seem to be later additions to the text. 2041: 612:, which has remained a feature of English ecclesiastical architecture. England has many early cathedrals, most notably 4902: 4716: 2262: 1483: 1112: 277:

destroyed most of the formal church structures in the east of Britain as they progressed, replacing Christianity with

917:

which restored the Protestant Church of England. The vicissitudes of the clergy during the period were satirised in "

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Johnson, Ryan (2010). "Colonial Mission and Imperial Tropical Medicine: Livingstone College, London, 1893–1914".

3134: 3130: 3093: 3065: 3021: 3017: 1837: 1747: 1714: 1635: 1611: 1394: 1228: 698: 3638: 2772: 2153: 2148: 2034: 1862: 1244: 749: 682: 482: 364: 4023: 304:

in 838, however, it was largely left to its native people and practices. which remained inherently Christian.

181:. Romano-British temples were sometimes erected at locations that had earlier been cultic sites in pre-Roman 17: 4142: 3116: 2805: 2498: 2007: 1937: 1802: 1153: 653: 597: 467: 447: 372: 301: 4083:

Forster, Peter G. (1972). "Secularization in the English Context: Some Conceptual and Empirical Problems".

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Religion and the decline of magic: studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth-century England

1990: 1591: 1454: 1307: 1252: 898: 894: 833: 278: 249: 2081:

Also, while in the 2001 census still 72 per cent of British population identified as Christians, in

4567: 2468: 2436: 2188: 1962: 1915: 1824: 1467: 1132: 1096: 1057: 1018: 902: 874: 810: 745: 705: 686: 411:. Owing to the importance of the Scottish missions, Northumbria initially followed the native Church in 327: 289: 162: 69: 2448: 1867:

In the 20th century existing Christian denominations were joined by other organisations, including the

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allowed Nonconformists who have their own chapels, teachers and preachers, and censorship was relaxed.

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Chambers, Paul, and Andrew Thompson. "Coming to terms with the past: religion and identity in Wales."

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the "Moderate" cause that ultimately prevailed and opened the way for liberal thinking in the cities.

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Soloway, Richard Allen. “Church and Society: Recent Trends in Nineteenth Century Religious History.”

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had been developed that left ecclesiastical positions independent of the bishop. During the reign of

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for their continued Catholicism. Fear of foreign invasion was a concern until the 1588 rout of the

778: 690: 665: 633: 625: 601: 570: 506: 490: 451: 424: 416: 412: 404: 396: 376: 349: 270: 257: 223: 89: 1302:, who was a highly visible modernist opposed to Anglo-Catholic practices and rituals. He preached 281:. There seems to have been a lull in the Saxon westward expansion traditionally attributed to the 4375: 4102: 3418: 3383: 3375: 3272: 2843:

English Society 1688-1832: ideology, social structure and political practice in the ancien regime

2423: 1786: 1698: 1459: 1374: 1358: 1291:, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1903 to 1928, was perhaps the most influential of the churchmen. 1010: 1006: 955: 935: 533: 498: 423:. Early English Christian documents surviving from this time include the 7th-century illuminated 253: 105: 85: 58: 3591:

3,186,093 Anglicans, 2,528,200 Catholics, 1,709,245 other Protestants, and "about 400,000" Jews.

1306:

and ridiculed many Christian beliefs, especially the sacrament of Holy Communion and the bodily

2889:(1994). "Catholicism in England from the Reformation to the Relief Acts". In Gilley, Sheridan; 1510:, have no difficulty making their Catholicism known in public life. The former Prime Minister, 4146: 3999: 3975: 3701: 3571: 3546: 3478: 3472: 3447: 3334: 3328: 3069: 2780: 2715: 2688: 2391: 2362: 2325: 2291: 2266: 2237: 2204:

The name is in the halo, in a later hand. The figure is identified as a saint by his clerical

2128: 2060: 2011: 1954: 1868: 1833: 1370: 1236: 1217: 1173: 1104: 982: 965:

while easing persecution against Catholics; several attempts against his person—including the

906: 882: 762: 757: 753: 649: 645: 593: 541: 353: 331: 297: 233: 128: 81: 2985: 2539: 2383: 1961:

completed the first modern translation of the New Testament and the first translation of the

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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

2411: 2158: 2006:

Nonconformity was a significant influence in Wales from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The

1722: 1686: 1506:; Helen Liddel, Britain's High Commissioner to Australia; and former Prime Minister's wife, 1354: 1288: 1141: 1042: 978: 962: 729: 621: 408: 237: 182: 93: 4214:"2011 Census: KS209EW Religion, local authorities in England and Wales (Excel sheet 270Kb)" 3061:

Congregational Missions and the Making of an Imperial Culture in Nineteenth-Century England

1168:, and suitable behaviour for everyone else, together with faithful observances of rituals. 76:

in Britain from the 6th century through to the Reformation period in the Middle Ages. The (

29: 3098:

Religion versus Empire?: British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700-1914

2515: 2025:

The Welsh Methodist revival also had an influence on the older Nonconformist churches, or

1789:. Roughly a third of the clergy, mainly from the North and Highlands, formed the separate 1782: 1718: 1690: 1503: 1382: 1320: 1315: 1224: 1070: 986: 893:

ended Rome's claims to the former Church lands, but two false pregnancies left her sister

890: 841: 641: 553: 545: 463: 420: 282: 261: 113: 101: 97: 62: 4400:

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4338:

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3291: 2895:

A history of religion in Britain: practice and belief from pre-Roman times to the present

2825:

A history of religion in Britain: practice and belief from pre-Roman times to the present

2636: 308:

dates to the 6th century, making it one of the oldest extant Christian sites in Britain.

123:

and in the north of England. Particularly from the mid-17th century, forms of Protestant

4526:

History of Wales, Vol. 3: Recovery, Reorientation & Reformation: Wales, c. 1415-1642

4057: 2873:

Anti-Catholicism in Eighteenth-Century England, C. 1714-80: A Political and Social Study

244:

saw some enslaved. Later medieval legends concerning the conversion of the island under

4098: 3895: 2838: 2584: 2068: 2055: 1966: 1850: 1623: 1475: 1362: 1240: 1232: 1014: 970: 782: 709: 678: 637: 609: 525: 514: 428: 384: 264:" attempting to establish independence or seniority in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of 229: 4461:

Brown, S. J., "Religion and society to c. 1900", in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,

2212:. The view that it represents Gregory is set out by Douglas Dales in a recent article. 4947: 4106: 3756: 3443: 3439:

Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of the Church

3422: 3387: 2975: 2956: 2748: 2743: 2684: 1999: 1949: 1726: 1664: 1603: 1471: 1463: 1402: 1295: 939: 851: 721: 566: 537: 529: 158: 4559: 1177:

Church of England, but at his death, it set up outside institutions that became the

674: 4156: 3944: 3835: 3488: 3457: 3344: 3079: 2545: 2093:, which asks "Do you have a religion, and if so what is it?", Britain was majority 1710: 1507: 1495: 1406: 1398: 1378: 1337: 1193: 737: 617: 518: 486: 202: 73: 1776:

After prolonged years of struggle, in 1834 the Evangelicals gained control of the

316: 273:

had to beg for financial assistance from its fellows in order to return home. The

4517:

Walker, R. B. "The Growth of Wesleyan Methodism in Victorian England and Wales."

4331: 2709: 4407:

Mastering Christianity: Missionary Anglicanism and Slavery in the Atlantic World

2890: 2886: 2820: 2015: 1958: 1872: 1754:

rebellions in the early 18th century, they also suffered a decline in fortunes.

1615: 1607: 1523: 1386: 1366: 1189: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1149: 1038: 943: 855: 825: 770: 766: 725: 582: 558: 388: 380: 245: 77: 3253:

Glaser, John F. (1958). "English Nonconformity and the Decline of Liberalism".

2002:

was one of the main leaders of the Welsh Methodist revival in the 18th century.

395:

of the English Church continue to be led from the cathedrals of Canterbury and

3804: 3718: 3682: 3414: 2923: 2454: 2073: 1941: 1751: 1682: 1657: 1511: 1499: 1108: 1100: 922: 510: 494: 170: 140: 38: 3787: 2999: 2981: 2321: 2026: 1945: 1845: 1737: 1627: 1595: 1579: 1574: 1390: 1303: 1178: 1136: 821: 694: 549: 120: 3193:

P.T. Merricks, "'God and the Gene': E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion,"

2502: 1995: 1466:), and public figures (often descendants of the recusant families) such as 1425:

members, although immigration from other countries means that the restored

4444:(1991) highly influential study of popular religious behaviour and beliefs 3004:

The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys

403: 735). However, Augustine failed to establish his authority over the 4190: 4185: 3843: 3167: 2030: 1902: 1890: 1531: 1034: 998: 966: 938:

against Elizabeth proved ineffective, but similarly ineffective were the

656:

began as religious schools in the 11th and 13th centuries, respectively.

562: 521: 502: 293: 206: 132: 3601: 2490: 4279:

Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s

3276: 2205: 1898: 1894: 1619: 1119:

laws, a process known as the Catholic Emancipation, which included the

951: 797:

united most of the aristocracy behind the change. Religious rebellions

605: 524:

permitted the well-connected to hold multiple offices simply for their

474: 265: 194: 178: 3379: 1853:, which attempted to make major inroads in the growing urban centres. 1725:. The second schism in 1761 lead to the foundation of the independent 4386: 2977:

Census of Great Britain, 1851: Religious Worship in England and Wales

1583: 1514:, was received into full communion with the Catholic Church in 2007. 947: 198: 166: 136: 3268: 1697:

The early 18th century saw the beginnings of a fragmentation of the

4242:

Curtice, J.; Clery, E.; Perry, J.; Phillips, M.; Rahim, N. (2019).

3371: 2525:

Y Cymmrodor: The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion

1886: 1681: 1631: 1573: 1270: 1140: 1056: 673: 438: 315: 174: 28: 1805:

in 1820, which united with the Relief Church in 1847 to form the

201:; Christianity was one of these eastern cults. The archaeologist 100:

became independent from the Church of England. In Scotland, the (

4540:

The Welsh Church from Reformation to Disestablishment: 1603-1920

3330:

A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, Volume Three

1809:, which in turn joined with the Free Church in 1900 to form the 1599: 1066: 865:

For the next 150 years, religious policy varied with the ruler:

190: 4563: 4058:"Welsh Calvinistic Methodism (or Presbyterian Church of Wales)" 2076:, only 64 per cent did so in 2000. Brian Harrison states: 1663:

In the 1690s the Presbyterian establishment purged the land of

2603:

L'eredità spirituale di Gregorio Magno tra Occidente e Oriente

4037:

Morgan, D. Densil (2009). "Calvinism in Wales: c.1590-1909".

1832:

in 1804, as an autonomous organisation in communion with the

1235:

around the world, notably including the work of the Scotsman

765:

made it an act of treason to publicly oppose these measures;

4286:

The death of Christian Britain: understanding secularisation

2910:

The Church of England: the Methodists and society, 1700-1850

419:

but then aligned itself with Canterbury and Rome at the 664

4475:

Piggott, Charles A. "A geography of religion in Scotland."

4321:

Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without belonging

4244:"Religion: Identity, behaviour and belief over two decades" 3529:

Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without belonging

1526:

the most successful Catholic in showbiz owing to his film,

1133:

First Great Awakening § Evangelical Revival in Britain

748:

against the English Church, ultimately leading to the 1532

348:

While Christianity survived continuously in the culturally

4186:"2011 Census: Is Christianity shrinking or just changing?" 3133:(1999). "Religion, Missionary Enthusiasm, and Empire". In 3020:(1999). "Religion, Missionary Enthusiasm, and Empire". In 2541:

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was generally separatist, its kings claiming the right to

4426:

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3115:. Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series. 2486:"William of Malmesbury 'On the Antiquity of Glastonbury'" 2444: 2440: 732:'s inability to permit him a divorce from his wife while 240:

in the 360s and increased raiding around the time of the

4421:

The churches in England from Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II

4064:. DMBI: A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland 3294:. DMBI: A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland 536:, which erupted in Britain over the fight occasioned by 513:

stories coincided with the increasingly central role of

1530:), politicians and writers. But the descendants of the 592:

had returned from Normandy with masons who constructed

3911:

Thomas Chalmers and the godly Commonwealth in Scotland

3840:

Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volumes 1-5

3615:"Pope visit: A visit that reflects our changing times" 1099:

was achieved in 1829. The failure of the pro-Catholic

873:

favored greater Protestantism, including new books of

548:

as archbishop of Canterbury. England was placed under

45:

in Britain still in use as a church. It is the oldest

4456:

The social history of religion in Scotland since 1730

3926:

The Church and Scottish social development, 1780–1870

1275:

Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1903-1928

813:

in 1549 were quickly dealt with. The doctrine of the

387:, successfully established churches in Kent and then 232:

population seem to have been mostly Christian by the

4505:

Literature, religion and society in Wales, 1660-1730

4498:

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3857: 3855: 3853: 3680:(18 March 2006). "Britain's Top 100 Lay Catholics". 2679:

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2587:. "Decoration of the Leningrad Manuscript of Bede". 2489: 1429:now has greater attendance at its weekly services. 820:

at first except with regard to royal authority over

4893: 4855: 4597: 4370:Shaw, Duncan, edt al. "What is Religious History?" 2054:strong association between it and moral behaviour. 1025:tried to declare royal indulgences of other faiths 4328:A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain 4014:"Religion and belief: some surveys and statistics" 3474:Death and Bereavement Across Cultures: 2nd edition 1772:Thomas Chalmers statue in George Street, Edinburgh 1033:; the former was withdrawn in favour of the first 897:as her heir. Upon Elizabeth's ascension, the 1558 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 1817:and a remnant that had not merged in 1900 as the 1618:in 1528. The execution of others, especially the 1247:were also established within the Anglican fold. 88:in England and Wales in 1534 as a result of the 3761:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625 2078: 1329: 4470:Religious Life in Seventeenth-Century Scotland 4463:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History 3639:"Ordinations in England and Wales: an apology" 2529:George Simpson & Co. (Devizes), 1920. 2443:" [Deeds of the Kings of the English 1125 2410:First attested in a 9th-century manuscript of 1948:theology to Wales. They used the model of the 1746:than a poorly-run mission. Also important was 1689:whose actions led to the establishment of the 1590:During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a 1586:to lead the Calvinist reformation in Scotland. 57:covers the religious organisations, policies, 4575: 4533:The Welsh Church from Conquest to Reformation 4172:Finding a Role?: The United Kingdom 1970-1990 3570:. United Kingdom: ByFaith Media. p. 19. 3545:. United Kingdom: ByFaith Media. p. 19. 2521:The Book of Invectives of Giraldus Cambrensis 18:History of Christianity in the United Kingdom 8: 4414:A history of English Christianity, 1920-1985 4348:A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 4314:The British Missionary Enterprise since 1700 3663:Patricia Lefevere "The faith of Tony Blair" 3503:A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 3314:A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 3182:A History of English Christianity: 1920-1985 2761:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2361:. New York: St Martin's Press. p. 121. 1570:Scottish religion in the seventeenth century 3875: 3873: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 1764:Scottish religion in the nineteenth century 1678:Scottish religion in the eighteenth century 854:formed the basis of Henry's own authorised 850:inspired Henry's break with Rome and whose 454:style following a fire in 1174, and in the 427:and the historical accounts written by the 4582: 4568: 4560: 3940:"Kirk rejects move to form 'super Church'" 3751: 3749: 3747: 3471:Murray Parkes, Colin; et al. (2015). 3208:Archbishop Davidson and the English Church 2943:Albion's People: English Society 1714-1815 2193:On the Antiquity of the Glastonbury Church 1878:General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1639:jurisdiction and the mass, was adopted by 143:, grew outside of the established church. 112:in the 16th century, is recognized as the 4251:British Social Attitudes: The 36th Report 3968:"Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census" 3799: 3797: 2961:The Victorian Church, Part One: 1829-1859 2259:Religion in Victorian Britain: Traditions 2116:Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom 1534:families are still a force in the land." 1192:. It reached the upper class through the 1172:(1703 – 1791) and his followers preached 1115:in 1766 permitted the gradual removal of 2674: 2672: 2656: 2654: 1994: 1767: 1729:. These churches gained strength in the 740:, however, prompted Henry to summon the 4255:The National Centre for Social Research 3327:Davies, Rupert E.; et al. (2017). 3228:Classes and Cultures: England 1918-1951 2479: 2477: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2224: 2180: 1490:, first Catholic to hold the office of 689:, being burned at the stake during the 340:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England 3516:Religion and Public Opinion in Britain 2779:. London: Little, Brown. p. 331. 2714:. Stroud: History Press. p. 190. 2318:Christians and Pagans in Roman Britain 2144:Catholic schools in the United Kingdom 2134:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom 1231:and others like it were active In the 1091:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom 1005:.) Following the Restoration, onerous 632:in 1174, Norman masons introduced the 458:style following an earthquake in 1382. 161:typically believed in a wide range of 4554:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 4519:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 4350:(1986) 720pp a major scholarly survey 4303:The Victorian Church: Vol 1 1829-1859 3778:Graham, M. F. (2000). "Scotland". In 2591:. Vol. 3. pp. 199, 212–214. 2344: 2139:Catholic Church in the United Kingdom 1498:, first Catholic to hold the post of 292:, the expansion resumed. By the time 7: 4336:Gilley, Sheridan, and W. J. Sheils. 4307:Victorian Church: Part two 1860-1901 4223:from the original on 26 January 2013 3139:Oxford History of the British Empire 3026:Oxford History of the British Empire 2802:A land of liberty? England 1689-1727 2527:, Vol. XXX, pp. 16 f. 2067:Harrison reports that the forces of 1713:and the theologically more tolerant 1701:—which was reconstituted on a fully 1427:Catholic Church in England and Wales 1121:Restoration of the English hierarchy 1045:, and the latter contributed to the 989:restructured the Church at the 1643 959:supported the bishops of Anglicanism 728:. The fact he had no living son and 4954:History of Christianity in Scotland 3700:London: Gracewing Publishing, 2008 2439:(1847). "Gesta Regum Anglorum 1125 1876:talks were ended in 2003, when the 1781:of the non-intrusionists led by Dr 1544:History of Christianity in Scotland 1061:A stained-glass window of Jesus in 497:and, by the time of his successor, 400: 344:Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England 4959:History of Christianity in England 4591:History of Christianity in Europe 4477:The Scottish Geographical Magazine 4472:(Cambridge University Press, 2011) 4219:. Office for National Statistics. 4099:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1972.tb00206.x 4039:Welsh Journal of Religious History 3896:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1990.tb00647.x 3613:Duffy, Eamon (11 September 2010). 2484:Robinson, Joseph Armitage (1921). 2457:London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 21. 973:—finally led to harsher measures. 55:history of Christianity in Britain 25: 4549:(University of Wales Press, 1967) 4542:(University of Wales Press, 2007) 4535:(University of Wales Press, 1976) 4507:(University of Wales Press, 1978) 4330:(3 vol. Wipf & Stock, 2017). 4122:Never Again: Britain in 1945–1951 3998:, 11 October 2004, archived from 3195:Politics, Religion & Ideology 3111:Etherington, Norman, ed. (2008). 2928:The age of improvement, 1783-1867 2290:. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 9−10. 2164:History of Christianity in Sussex 1502:of Oxford since the Reformation; 862:fully merged Wales with England. 600:style. The cruciform churches of 4964:History of Christianity in Wales 4309:(1979); a major scholarly survey 4298:80#209 (2007), pp. 393–418. 2860:(2nd ed.). pp. 153–60. 2735: 2236:. London: Gracewing Publishing. 2208:, and is the earliest surviving 2169:Irreligion in the United Kingdom 1940:and dissident Protestant cleric 670:History of the Church of England 636:style, which developed into the 517:in Church rituals. Tolerance of 4465:(Oxford University Press, 2012) 4430:July 2009, Vol. 48#3 pp 564–586 4367:(Oxford University Press, 1976) 3241:Methodism: Empire of the Spirit 3041:A History of Global Anglicanism 3028:. Vol. 3. pp. 223–24. 2711:King John: England's Evil King? 2601:Dales "Apostle of the English" 2544:. 1893. p. 65 – via 2518:. Translated by W.S. Davies as 2091:British Social Attitudes Survey 1492:Speaker of the House of Commons 981:in Scotland and ultimately the 509:, the rising popularity of the 4969:Religion in the British Empire 4022:, 24 June 2004, archived from 3995:Office for National Statistics 3360:History of Education Quarterly 2681:King John: New Interpretations 2111:Religion in the United Kingdom 1811:United Free Church of Scotland 840:were also martyred, including 581:and its ashes thrown into the 285:but, following the arrival of 61:and popular religiosity since 1: 4393:England and Church of England 3974:, 17 May 2006, archived from 3734:Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 2415: 2390:. Stroud: The History Press. 2288:Christianity in Roman Britain 2085:only 59 per cent did so. 1582:returned from ministering in 1287:were important developments. 628:(1220). After a fire damaged 357: 330:, though perhaps intended as 279:a form of Germanic polytheism 242:Roman withdrawal from Britain 153:Christianity in Roman Britain 43:oldest extant church building 4512:The Great Awakening in Wales 4449:Scotland and Presbyterianism 4019:British Humanist Association 3883:Journal of Religious History 2232:Jolliffe, John, ed. (2008). 2020:Presbyterian church of Wales 1830:Episcopal Church in Scotland 1721:headed by figures including 1434:Britain, A Christian Country 847:Obedience of a Christian Man 685:and author of the first two 108:, established in a separate 96:took place in 1920 when the 4428:Journal of British Studies, 4135:Morgan, Kenneth O. (1985). 3058:Thorne, Susan (1999). "1". 2908:Armstrong, Anthony (1973). 2777:Mary Tudor: The First Queen 2263:Manchester University Press 1614:was executed for heresy in 1484:Director-General of the BBC 985:in England. The victorious 963:authoritative English Bible 785:, but land sales after the 569:, who translated the Bible 483:begun the invasion of Wales 450:style in the 1070s, in the 4985: 4383:Journal of British Studies 4378:, commentary by 8 scholars 4365:Religion and Rural Society 4138:Labour in Power, 1945-1951 3909:Stewart, J. Brown (1982). 3862:Ditchfield, G. M. (1998). 3765:Edinburgh University Press 3738:Edinburgh University Press 3518:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) 3256:American Historical Review 3155:Social History of Medicine 3045:Cambridge University Press 2941:Rule, John (1992). "2–6". 2492:Somerset Historical Essays 2453:(in Latin). Translated by 2099:2021 United Kingdom census 1988: 1924: 1913: 1860: 1807:United Presbyterian Church 1761: 1675: 1563: 1552: 1541: 1206:the regular census in 1851 1130: 1088: 763:A law passed the same year 663: 588:Even before the Conquest, 337: 275:Saxon invasions of Britain 260:have been discredited as " 221: 150: 4500:(U. of Wales Press, 1965) 4326:Davies, Rupert E. et al. 3732:Dawson, J. E. A. (2007). 3415:10.1080/00467601003749406 3066:Stanford University Press 2708:Turner, Ralph V. (2009). 2663:A History of Pagan Europe 2437:Malmesbiriensis, Willelmi 2359:Religion in Roman Britain 1636:Lords of the Congregation 1279:In the 20th century, the 1229:London Missionary Society 1227:of the 19th century, the 961:and the production of an 473:By the 11th century, the 413:its calculation of Easter 326:from the mid-8th-century 72:was the dominant form of 4547:Welsh reformation essays 4496:Davies, Ebnezer Thomas. 4385:11.2 1972, pp. 142–159. 4170:Harrison, Brian (2012). 4120:Hennessy, Peter (1993). 4056:Vickers, John A. (ed.). 3623:. London. Archived from 3566:Backholer, Paul (2015). 3541:Backholer, Paul (2015). 3290:Vickers, John A. (ed.). 2858:Later Stuarts: 1616-1714 2665:. Routledge. p. 71. 2154:Disestablishmentarianism 2149:Christianity in Cornwall 1971:Y Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin 1863:Christianity in Scotland 1799:Free Presbyterian Church 1748:Scottish Episcopalianism 1298:(1874 – 1953), Anglican 889:after negotiations with 852:translation of the Bible 750:Submission of the Clergy 683:archbishop of Canterbury 4545:Williams, Glanmor, ed. 4419:Hylson-Smith, Kenneth. 4342:excerpt and text search 4143:Oxford University Press 3990:"Religious Populations" 3972:The Scottish Government 3864:The Evangelical Revival 3698:English Catholic Heroes 3643:Catholic Voices Comment 3531:(Wiley-Blackwell, 1994) 3117:Oxford University Press 2806:Oxford University Press 2800:Hoppit, Julian (2002). 2758:Encyclopædia Britannica 2499:Oxford University Press 2320:. London and New York: 2316:Watts, Dorothy (1991). 2234:English Catholic Heroes 2042:1904–1905 Welsh revival 2008:Welsh Methodist revival 1857:20th and 21st centuries 1803:United Secession Church 1791:Free Church of Scotland 1647:, was still in France. 1494:since the Reformation; 1319:major Methodist groups 1148:of Methodism's founder 1127:The Evangelical Revival 1037:, which—along with the 828:remained condemned and 470:in appointing bishops. 462:Christianity after the 373:Augustine of Canterbury 363:. From the seat of his 116:, but not established. 84:became the independent 4640:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4556:55.02 (2004): 293-324. 4521:24.03 (1973): 267-284. 4416:(HarperCollins, 1986). 4357:55#1 (2012), 195–219, 3436:Wright, N. T. (2008). 2871:Haydon, Colin (1993). 2856:Clark, George (1956). 2421:"Felician" edition of 2388:King Lucius of Britain 2382:Knight, David (2008). 2357:Henig, Martin (1984). 2089:According to the 2018 2087: 2003: 1991:Nonconformity in Wales 1970: 1773: 1694: 1592:Protestant Reformation 1587: 1455:Second Vatican Council 1334: 1308:Resurrection of Christ 1276: 1253:Church Mission Society 1156: 1073: 742:Reformation Parliament 702: 687:books of common prayer 575:Posthumously condemned 542:Pope Innocent III 501:, a system of endowed 459: 335: 50: 47:Anglican parish church 4514:(Epworth Press, 1988) 4510:Morgan, Derec Llwyd. 4493:52.3 (2005): 337-352. 4479:96.3 (1980): 130-140. 4435:Paedagogica Historica 4277:Bebbington, David W. 3784:The Reformation World 3716:"Red-Capet Catholic" 3665:The Catholic Reporter 3627:on 14 September 2010. 3197:13#3 (2012): 353-374. 2974:Mann, Horace (1854). 2629:"Lindisfarne Gospels" 2469:William of Malmesbury 2412:Pope Boniface II 2286:Petts, David (2003). 2189:William of Malmesbury 1998: 1963:Book of Common Prayer 1916:Christianity in Wales 1889:was at 0.8 per cent, 1825:Catholic Emancipation 1771: 1685: 1634:declaring themselves 1577: 1274: 1144: 1097:Catholic emancipation 1060: 1009:were enacted against 860:laws in 1535 and 1542 811:in Devon and Cornwall 746:statute of praemunire 710:Defender of the Faith 677: 540:'s refusal to accept 442: 379:missionaries such as 328:Saint Petersburg Bede 319: 70:Roman Catholic Church 32: 4503:Jenkins, Geraint H. 3722:28 February 2009, 18 3696:John Jolliffe, ed., 3678:Pepinster, Catherine 3403:History of Education 3039:Ward, Kevin (2006). 2687:. pp. 307–308. 2560:"St Piran's Oratory" 2257:Parsons, G. (1988). 1645:Mary, Queen of Scots 1566:Scottish Reformation 1560:Scottish Reformation 1300:Bishop of Birmingham 1285:Ecumenical Movements 1245:New religious orders 1154:St Paul's Churchyard 1069:, incorporating the 991:Westminster Assembly 915:Religious Settlement 911:Thirty-Nine Articles 630:Canterbury Cathedral 614:Winchester Cathedral 590:Edward the Confessor 444:Canterbury Cathedral 187:Romano-Celtic temple 110:Scottish Reformation 4856:States with limited 4538:Williams, Glanmor. 4531:Williams, Glanmor. 4524:Williams, Glanmor. 4437:49.1 (2013): 70-81. 4296:Historical Research 4086:Sociological Review 3924:Mechie, S. (1960). 3809:The Scottish Nation 3620:The Daily Telegraph 3333:. pp. 309–10. 3113:Missions and Empire 2845:. pp. 119–198. 2827:. pp. 168–274. 2633:The British Library 2210:historiated initial 2121:Religion in England 1979:liturgical language 1927:Celtic Christianity 1785:known as the Great 1731:Evangelical Revival 1707:Glorious Revolution 1653:Presbyterian polity 1555:Celtic Christianity 1528:Slumdog Millionaire 1516:Catherine Pepinster 1294:A curious case was 1212:Missionary activity 1186:William Wilberforce 1111:after the death of 1101:Jacobite rebellions 1079:Toleration Act 1688 1063:Rochester Cathedral 1047:Glorious Revolution 995:confession of faith 932:Rising of the North 927:Regnans in Excelsis 913:of 1563 formed the 815:English Reformation 795:greater monasteries 691:Marian Persecutions 666:English Reformation 660:English Reformation 626:Salisbury Cathedral 602:Norman architecture 491:bishop of Salisbury 425:Lindisfarne Gospels 271:Council of Ariminum 258:Joseph of Arimathea 224:Celtic Christianity 90:English Reformation 35:Church of St Martin 4412:Hastings, Adrian. 4355:Historical Journal 4346:Hastings, Adrian. 4194:. 11 December 2012 4174:. pp. 371–72. 3168:10.1093/shm/hkq044 2963:. pp. 363–69. 2897:. pp. 234–51. 2891:Sheils, William J. 2887:Sheils, William J. 2821:Sheils, William J. 2819:Gilley, Sheridan; 2187:First attested in 2035:Congregationalists 2004: 1815:Free Presbyterians 1787:Disruption of 1843 1774: 1699:Church of Scotland 1695: 1643:, while the young 1641:Parliament in 1560 1588: 1460:Malcolm Muggeridge 1375:William E. Orchard 1359:Christopher Dawson 1327:reported in 1943: 1277: 1157: 1074: 942:who returned from 936:Desmond Rebellions 744:and to invoke the 703: 646:Lincoln Cathedrals 624:(1093), and (New) 534:Investiture Crisis 460: 336: 320:Portrait labelled 306:St Piran's Oratory 296:was subjugated by 287:Justinian's Plague 254:Philip the Apostle 185:. A new style of " 163:gods and goddesses 129:Congregationalists 106:Church of Scotland 86:established church 51: 4941: 4940: 4468:Henderson, G. D. 4454:Brown, Callum G. 4405:Glasson, Travis. 4323:(Blackwell, 1994) 4284:Brown, Callum G. 4281:(Routledge, 2003) 3846:. pp. 416–7. 3767:. pp. 102–4. 3686:. pp. 25–32. 3577:978-1-907066-45-0 3552:978-1-907066-45-0 3292:"Methodist Union" 3210:(1929) pp 214-20. 3180:Adrian Hastings, 2930:. pp. 66–73. 2808:. pp. 30–39. 2786:978-0-7499-0982-6 2721:978-0-7524-4850-3 2694:978-0-85115-947-8 2661:Jones, Prudence. 2424:The Book of Popes 2243:978-0-85244-604-1 2061:Kenneth O. Morgan 2012:Church of England 1955:William Salesbury 1932:Welsh Reformation 1842:Congregationalist 1834:Church of England 1371:Sheila Kaye-Smith 1342:elementary school 1237:David Livingstone 1218:George Whitefield 1003:their own in 1689 993:and issued a new 919:The Vicar of Bray 907:Oath of Supremacy 899:Act of Uniformity 838:other Protestants 758:Church of England 754:Acts of Supremacy 594:Westminster Abbey 579:exhumed and burnt 552:in 1208 and John 468:overrule the pope 446:, rebuilt in the 375:, with help from 354:Gregorian Mission 332:Gregory the Great 82:Church of England 16:(Redirected from 4976: 4894:Dependencies and 4598:Sovereign states 4584: 4577: 4570: 4561: 4402:(Longman, 1976). 4301:Chadwick, Owen, 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4248: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4218: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4026:on 6 August 2011 4010: 4004: 4003: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3859: 3848: 3847: 3832: 3813: 3812: 3801: 3792: 3791: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3753: 3742: 3741: 3729: 3723: 3714: 3708: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3674: 3668: 3667:6 March 2009, 11 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3538: 3532: 3525: 3519: 3512: 3506: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3323: 3317: 3316:(1986) pp 264-72 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3231: 3224: 3211: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3185: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3014: 3008: 3007: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2658: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2635:. Archived from 2625: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2536: 2530: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2496: 2481: 2472: 2467:As permitted by 2465: 2459: 2458: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2417: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2313: 2302: 2301: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2229: 2213: 2202: 2196: 2185: 2159:English Covenant 1778:General Assembly 1723:Ebenezer Erskine 1705:basis after the 1691:Secession Church 1687:Ebenezer Erskine 1612:Patrick Hamilton 1355:G. K. Chesterton 1289:Randall Davidson 1179:Methodist Church 1085:Anti-Catholicism 1043:Exclusion Crisis 1013:, including the 999:English Baptists 895:Elizabeth I 622:Durham Cathedral 402: 362: 359: 325: 324: 238:Great Conspiracy 234:Sub-Roman period 183:Iron Age Britain 94:disestablishment 21: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4895: 4889: 4875:Northern Cyprus 4857: 4851: 4772:North Macedonia 4593: 4588: 4486: 4458:(Methuen, 1987) 4451: 4440:Thomas, Keith. 4398:Gilbert, Alan. 4395: 4363:Obelkevich, J. 4288:(2nd ed. 2009) 4274: 4272:Further reading 4269: 4259: 4257: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4153: 4145:. p. 299. 4134: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3861: 3860: 3851: 3834: 3833: 3816: 3803: 3802: 3795: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3755: 3754: 3745: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3715: 3711: 3695: 3691: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3645:. 30 April 2013 3637: 3636: 3632: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3509: 3500: 3496: 3485: 3477:. p. 221. 3470: 3469: 3465: 3454: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3341: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3269:10.2307/1849549 3252: 3251: 3247: 3239:David Hempton, 3238: 3234: 3226:Ross McKibben, 3225: 3214: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3188: 3184:(1986) pp 60-63 3179: 3175: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3076: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3016: 3015: 3011: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2823:, eds. (1994). 2818: 2817: 2813: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2751:, ed. (1911). " 2747: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2660: 2659: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2639:on 7 April 2019 2627: 2626: 2622: 2616:Anglo-Saxon Art 2613: 2609: 2600: 2596: 2589:Selected Papers 2585:Schapiro, Meyer 2583: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2564:Britain Express 2558: 2557: 2553: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2516:Gerald of Wales 2514: 2510: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2466: 2462: 2445:& seq. 2441:& seq. 2435: 2434: 2430: 2418: 2409: 2405: 2398: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2369: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2315: 2314: 2305: 2298: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2244: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2203: 2199: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2107: 2051: 1993: 1987: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1912: 1865: 1859: 1783:Thomas Chalmers 1766: 1760: 1719:First Secession 1680: 1674: 1594:that created a 1572: 1564:Main articles: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1504:Piers Paul Read 1442: 1440:Roman Catholics 1419: 1383:Rosalind Murray 1269: 1225:New Imperialism 1214: 1202: 1139: 1131:Main articles: 1129: 1107:recognition of 1093: 1087: 1071:Flag of England 1055: 1019:Charles II 987:Long Parliament 971:Gunpowder Plots 930:supporting the 842:William Tyndale 818:differed little 799:in Lincolnshire 736:'s armies held 699:Book of Martyrs 672: 664:Main articles: 662: 604:often had deep 577:, his body was 493:, codified the 479:overrun England 464:Norman conquest 437: 421:Synod of Whitby 360: 346: 338:Main articles: 322: 321: 314: 283:Battle of Badon 262:pious forgeries 226: 220: 215: 155: 149: 114:national church 98:Church in Wales 63:ancient history 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4982: 4980: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4896:other entities 4891: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4847:United Kingdom 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4660:Czech Republic 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4491:Social compass 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4379: 4368: 4361: 4351: 4344: 4334: 4324: 4319:Davie, Grace. 4317: 4312:Cox, Jeffrey. 4310: 4299: 4292: 4282: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4234: 4205: 4177: 4162: 4151: 4127: 4124:. p. 436. 4112: 4075: 4048: 4029: 4005: 4002:on 4 June 2011 3981: 3978:on 7 June 2011 3959: 3931: 3916: 3901: 3869: 3849: 3814: 3793: 3790:. p. 414. 3770: 3757:Wormald, Jenny 3743: 3724: 3709: 3689: 3669: 3656: 3630: 3605: 3593: 3583: 3576: 3558: 3551: 3533: 3520: 3514:Ben Clements, 3507: 3494: 3483: 3463: 3452: 3428: 3409:(4): 631–657. 3393: 3372:10.2307/370037 3366:(2): 161–192. 3350: 3339: 3318: 3305: 3282: 3263:(2): 352–363. 3245: 3243:(2005). p 214. 3232: 3212: 3199: 3186: 3173: 3162:(3): 549–566. 3144: 3141:. 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Defensor 679:Thomas Cranmer 661: 658: 638:English Gothic 610:crossing tower 596:(1042) in the 554:excommunicated 436: 433: 429:Venerable Bede 313: 310: 230:Romano-British 222:Main article: 219: 216: 214: 211: 151:Main article: 148: 145: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4981: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4908:Faroe Islands 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880:South Ossetia 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4732:Liechtenstein 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 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153–68. 4092: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4076: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3948:. 20 May 2003 3947: 3946: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866:. p. 91. 3865: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3780:Pettegree, A. 3774: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3706:0-85244-604-7 3703: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3587: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527:Grace Davie, 3524: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3505:(1986) p 279. 3504: 3498: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3484:9781317520924 3480: 3476: 3475: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3453:9780061551826 3449: 3446:. p. 8. 3445: 3444:HarperCollins 3441: 3440: 3432: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3340:9781532630507 3336: 3332: 3331: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3293: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3075:9780804765442 3071: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3054: 3051: 3047:. p. 34. 3046: 3042: 3035: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3005: 3001: 3000:Noll, Mark A. 2995: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2944: 2937: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2839:Clark, J.C.D. 2834: 2831: 2826: 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Meanwhile, 857: 853: 849: 848: 843: 839: 835: 834:Robert Barnes 831: 827: 823: 819: 816: 812: 809:in 1537, and 808: 807:in Cumberland 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 755: 752:and the 1534 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 667: 659: 657: 655: 651: 648:around 1191. 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 608:and a square 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567:John Wycliffe 564: 560: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 465: 457: 456:Perpendicular 453: 449: 445: 441: 434: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 398: 394: 393:two provinces 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 355: 351: 345: 341: 333: 329: 318: 311: 309: 307: 303: 302:Hingston Down 299: 295: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 225: 217: 212: 210: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 159:Roman Britain 154: 147:Roman Britain 146: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 125:nonconformity 122: 117: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 64: 60: 56: 48: 44: 40: 36: 31: 27: 19: 4885:Transnistria 4553: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4528:(1987) 528p. 4525: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4382: 4374:(1985) 35#8 4371: 4364: 4354: 4347: 4337: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4285: 4278: 4258:. 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A. 2449: 2431: 2422: 2406: 2387: 2377: 2358: 2352: 2347:, p. 4. 2340: 2317: 2287: 2281: 2258: 2252: 2233: 2227: 2200: 2192: 2183: 2088: 2079: 2066: 2052: 2039: 2029:— the 2024: 2005: 1935: 1866: 1823: 1795: 1775: 1758:19th century 1735: 1711:Evangelicals 1703:Presbyterian 1696: 1672:18th Century 1662: 1649: 1622:-influenced 1589: 1527: 1519: 1518:, Editor of 1508:Cherie Blair 1496:Chris Patten 1468:Paul Johnson 1451: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1407:Manya Harari 1399:Evelyn Waugh 1379:Alfred Noyes 1351: 1347: 1335: 1330: 1325:D. W. Brogan 1312: 1293: 1278: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1222: 1215: 1203: 1194:Clapham Sect 1183: 1158: 1094: 1075: 1041:—led to the 956:James I 925: 879:Common Order 864: 846: 713: 704: 618:York Minster 587: 571:into English 519:commendatory 472: 461: 405:Welsh church 347: 312:Anglo-Saxons 227: 203:Martin Henig 156: 139:and, later, 127:, including 118: 102:Presbyterian 92:. In Wales, 74:Christianity 67: 54: 52: 26: 4923:Isle of Man 4858:recognition 4832:Switzerland 4767:Netherlands 4062:dmbi.online 3836:Koch, J. T. 2924:Briggs, Asa 2095:irreligious 2064:Scotland." 1973:). In 1588 1959:Thomas Huet 1944:introduced 1882:2001 census 1873:Pentecostal 1819:Free Church 1616:St. Andrews 1608:John Calvin 1524:Danny Boyle 1395:David Jones 1387:Arnold Lunn 1367:Ronald Knox 1223:During the 1204:As part of 1190:Hannah More 1170:John Wesley 1166:upper-class 1161:evangelical 1150:John Wesley 1039:Popish Plot 887:Catholicism 871:his regents 856:Great Bible 826:Lutheranism 787:Dissolution 775:many others 771:Thomas More 767:John Fisher 726:Reformation 583:River Swift 559:Magna Carta 389:Northumbria 365:archdiocese 246:King Lucius 4948:Categories 4802:San Marino 4762:Montenegro 4742:Luxembourg 4722:Kazakhstan 4625:Azerbaijan 4253:. 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London: 2419: 530 2345:Watts 1991 2220:References 2074:Christians 2027:dissenters 1942:John Penry 1658:iconoclasm 1512:Tony Blair 1500:Chancellor 1458:instance, 1417:Since 1945 1281:Liturgical 1174:revivalist 1109:George III 1011:Dissenters 1007:Penal Laws 923:papal bull 909:, and the 830:John Frith 734:her nephew 708:was named 706:Henry VIII 598:Romanesque 511:Grail myth 495:Sarum Rite 448:Romanesque 369:Canterbury 361: 600 323:AVGVSTINVS 290:around 547 248:or from a 171:Cunomaglus 157:People in 141:Methodists 39:Canterbury 4913:Gibraltar 4737:Lithuania 4107:144987310 4068:9 October 3788:Routledge 3423:144704648 3388:147651066 2982:Routledge 2322:Routledge 2022:in 1823. 1946:Calvinist 1846:Methodist 1738:animistic 1628:John Knox 1606:and then 1598:national 1596:Calvinist 1580:John Knox 1578:In 1559, 1391:Eric Gill 1304:Darwinism 1267:1900–1945 1137:Methodism 1053:1689–1945 1049:of 1688. 983:Civil War 885:restored 822:canon law 805:in 1536, 803:Yorkshire 695:John Foxe 654:Cambridge 565:, led by 550:interdict 538:King John 526:spiritual 522:benefices 515:communion 350:Brittonic 228:The late 121:recusants 4933:Svalbard 4918:Guernsey 4865:Abkhazia 4817:Slovenia 4812:Slovakia 4787:Portugal 4645:Bulgaria 4305:(1966); 4260:25 April 4221:Archived 4198:25 April 4191:BBC News 4045:: 22–36. 3844:ABC-CLIO 3838:(2006). 3807:(1999). 3759:(1991). 3298:25 April 3096:(2004). 3002:(2010). 2959:(1966). 2926:(1959). 2893:(eds.). 2841:(1985). 2775:(2007). 2753:Lollards 2643:25 April 2127:, & 2125:Scotland 2105:See also 2033:and the 2031:Baptists 2016:Arminian 1903:Hinduism 1891:Buddhism 1869:Brethren 1752:Jacobite 1538:Scotland 1532:recusant 1423:baptised 1035:Test Act 1001:drew up 952:Puritans 891:the pope 844:, whose 779:martyred 730:the pope 620:(1080), 616:(1079), 606:chancels 563:Lollardy 530:temporal 507:Henry II 503:prebends 385:Cuthbert 294:Cornwall 207:Hinduism 133:Baptists 78:Anglican 59:theology 4842:Ukraine 4792:Romania 4752:Moldova 4710:Ireland 4705:Iceland 4700:Hungary 4690:Germany 4685:Georgia 4675:Finland 4670:Estonia 4665:Denmark 4650:Croatia 4635:Belgium 4630:Belarus 4620:Austria 4615:Armenia 4610:Andorra 4605:Albania 4423:(1996). 4409:(2011). 4316:(2008). 4290:excerpt 3782:(ed.). 3277:1849549 3137:(ed.). 3024:(ed.). 2746:: 2614:Wilson 2447:]. 2206:tonsure 1936:Bishop 1899:Judaism 1895:Sikhism 1838:Baptist 1620:Zwingli 1031:in 1687 1027:in 1672 997:. 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