30:
557:
463:
670:
966:
894:
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1073:
331:
277:
252:(sweet potato) gardens. At the peak of prosperity in 1750, the population numbered tens of thousands. It was pre-European New Zealand's most wealthy and populous area. However, from the early 18th century the Ngāti Pāoa people edged their way into the Hauraki Gulf and as far north as Mahurangi. Between 1740 and 1750 Ngāti Whātua-o-Kaipara moved south, invading the isthmus and killing
949:. Money was flowing into the city from the goldfields in the Coromandel and resulted in the construction of several public buildings and facilities. Throughout the latter part of the 19th century, Auckland continued to have a major part to play in the cultural landscape of the country. This was largely due to it continuing to be a major port and in particular, the location of the
2678:
1250:. It took five weeks before an emergency overhead cable was completed to restore the power supply to the Central Business District. For much of that time, about 60,000 of the 74,000 people who worked in the area worked from home or from relocated offices in the suburbs. Many of the 6,000 apartment dwellers in the area had to find alternative accommodation.
1086:
22:
499:. However, the Bay of Islands' geographical position made it very remote, inaccessible and off-centre from the rest of the New Zealand archipelago and Hobson knew little about the South Island and its populations. Auckland was officially declared New Zealand's capital in 1841, and the transfer of the administration from
780:. They exercised for 12 days per year and mustered for a church parade, fully equipped in military attire, each Sunday. Anglican clergy were appointed to serve in Onehunga (1847), Howick (1850), and Otahuhu-Panmure (1852). 681 fencibles arrived in 10 ships over 5 years. In addition in 1849 Grey sold land in
725:
The first immigrant ships sailing directly from
Britain started to arrive as early as 1842. From early times the eastern side of the settlement remained reserved for government officials while mechanics and artisans, the so-called "unofficial" settlers, congregated on the western side, in areas like
936:
became the primary residence of the
Governor, although moves to dispense with one in Auckland have never succeeded, in fact for a while the Government maintained a third residence in Christchurch. The return of the Vice-regal household to Auckland was regarded as the start of the Social Season in
298:
tribes were the main groups living in the area when
Europeans arrived in New Zealand. European settlement to the north enabled traditional rivals Ngāpuhi and allied northern iwi to acquire muskets by trade. Initially no military advantage accrued; despite lacking muskets, Ngāti Whātua defeated a
808:
in
Auckland, a British regiment had been called out to defend the city. The Onehunga fencibles were marched to the city as reinforcements and all the other fencible forces were alerted and stood to arms at their villages. HMS Fly went to Mechanics Bay and trained its guns on the Ngāti Pāoa. The
441:
As the Māori population declined for nearly a century, so did the quantity of land held by Ngāti Whātua. Within 20 years, 40% of their lands were lost, some through government land confiscation. At close to the lowest level of population, Ngāti Whātua land holding was reduced to a few acres at
1145:
large numbers of state houses were constructed through the late 1930s, '40s and '50s, usually on quarter-acre (1,000 m²) sections — a tradition that survives despite frequent subdivision. To this day, a large percentage of the houses in
Auckland only have one full story. Due to these factors,
940:
Aucklanders reacted to the loss of the status of capital by a campaign of redevelopment and rebuilding; including the replacement third
Government House, built in 1856 in an attempt to retain the status. The house was in use until 1962, when the
1093:
While trams and railway lines shaped
Auckland's rapid extension in the early first half of the 20th century, they were soon overtaken by motor vehicles, with Auckland boasting one of the highest car-ownership rates of the world even before
1098:. Their growing popularity meant that urban development was freed from narrow corridors, and could occur anywhere new roads were built, leading to a rapid decentralisation, with urban growth spreading all over the isthmus. In 1959 the new
721:
for over 40 years. The original Emily Place St Paul's was demolished in 1885, when Point
Britomart was quarried away for waterfront reclamations, and the third and current St Paul's building on Symonds Street was built to replace it.
152:(Wiri Mountain), however it is likely that early Māori settled widely in the area. From early occupation until European contact, the economy of the region was centred around horticulture (mostly root vegetables such as
1040:
cities. At this time
Auckland experienced many of the pollution and overcrowding problems that plagued other 19th century cities, although as primarily a port rather than a manufacturing centre it avoided large-scale
327:. Over a ten-month period in 1821–1822 he played a principal part in the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) Amiowhenua expedition. This series of battles raged through much of the central and southern North Island.
119:
was a strategic location with its two harbours providing access to the sea on both the west and east coasts. It had fertile soils that facilitated horticulture and the two harbours provided plentiful
957:
the sea route from
Britain was via South Africa and Australia, the opening of the Canal in 1914 altered this and Auckland's port became one of the most important features of the New Zealand economy.
1302:
346:
drew to a close, pressure for British intervention to quell lawlessness, in large part driven by missionary pressure to protect Māori, led to the annexation of New Zealand and the despatch of
764:, and their families came to Auckland to create a ring of outlying villages to protect the capital. Each soldier had to be under 48 and of good character. The fencibles made new villages at
1045:, and by 1900, Auckland was the largest New Zealand city. The overcrowding of the inner city had by then created a strong demand for the city to expand, which was made possible when
264:. Ngāti Whātua secured their dominance of the isthmus by intermarrying with descendants of the Waiohua. There followed a period of cautious peace in which Ngāti Pāoa's conflict with
2022:
2436:
796:
in the Waikato. They were employed on the same basis as the British fencibles. They had British officers but supplied their own arms. In April 1851 a large group of 350–450
694:
in 1841. When St Paul's was founded by Governor Hobson on 28 July 1841, hundreds attended the ceremony including Ngāti Whātua chiefs Āpihai Te Kawau, Te Keene and a young
1772:
2416:
29:
568:
increased security and trading benefits. This would include greater access via the quickly developed port facilities for the lucrative trade in produce grown in
1261:
showcased the fact that Auckland's power-supply infrastructure is still very vulnerable to disruption. A faulty powerline shackle caused a short-circuit at the
129:(fortified villages) on the volcanic peaks. However, for most of the period Māori living in defended pā was a rare event, with most people living in undefended
1450:
1398:
1341:
2275:
1858:
635:
From the outset, a steady flow of new arrivals from within New Zealand and from overseas came to the new capital. The first European settlers in Auckland,
1013:(another port), and at a few favoured spots beside the harbour. During the mid 19th century, European settlement of New Zealand was predominantly in the
597:
had arrived looking for Hobson. This ship carried 130 colonists and a prefabricated Governor's residence, which was similar to the house built to house
1808:
1839:
1026:
1239:, falling to the packed motorway below during Friday night rush hour. Four people died and traffic became grid-locked over much of the inner city.
446:, land which Te Kawau had declared "a last stand". By the end of the 1840s, Māori were a minority in the Auckland area. Despite scares during the
1215:) were detonated, creating a gaping hole in the side of the vessel. The ship began to sink rapidly, the crew were evacuated but one crew member,
2636:
2431:
843:
636:
75:
of (European-settled) New Zealand in the middle of the 19th century to its current position as the fastest-growing and commercially dominating
1720:
882:
2451:
1254:, operators of the cable that failed, had to spend many millions of dollars on the temporary cable, and compensation for local businesses.
1622:
877:, was elected by settlers from 1853 and continued until the abolition of provinces in 1876. The last Lieutenant-Governor of New Ulster,
750:
703:
2362:
2023:"King, Bishop, Knight, Pioneer: the Social and Architectural Significance of Old St Paul's Church, Emily Place, Auckland. 1841-1885"
1891:
1627:
1273:. While the blackout lasted only about half a day, it reignited political pressure aiming to improve the national electricity grid.
953:; both the 1902 Royal Tour and especially the 1908 visit by the American Fleet underscored this status. Prior to the opening of the
913:, became the capital. The advantages of a central position became even more obvious as the South Island grew in prosperity with the
870:
621:
1501:
413:
280:
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839:
761:
757:
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Throughout the 19th century Auckland's intense urban growth concentrated around the port in a very similar manner to most other
556:
2641:
1783:
1243:
1236:
930:
926:
663:
629:
609:
2601:
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Auckland and until the turn of the 20th century was marked by a parade from the dockside up Queen Street to Government House.
2404:
1506:
1159:
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region. Auckland grew fairly rapidly, from 1,500 in 1841 to 12,423 by 1864, with most growth occurring near the port area in
898:
401:
746:
2682:
1691:
990:
730:. This social division still persists somewhat in modern Auckland, with the eastern suburbs generally being more upscale.
687:
673:
161:
1056:
A Russian scare at the end of the 19th century had caused coastal guns to be bought and fortifications built, notably at
756:
Sir George Grey was determined that the capital would not be attacked, as the first capital Russell had been, and so the
2697:
1282:
1165:
1114:
933:
115:, meaning "Tāmaki desired by many", in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography. The narrow
2073:
The Royal New Zealand Fencibles 1847–1852.R. Alexander. G Gibson. A. LaRoche. Deed. Waiuku .1997.pp717,108,64,71,80,110
828:
in 1850. St Barnabas' chapel was built for Anglican Māori traders, and was sited in Augustus Terrace, Parnell in 1849.
2611:
2591:
2561:
2486:
2441:
1120:
994:
651:, which can still be seen on the side of One Tree Hill, in the park that Campbell donated to the city in his old age.
640:
534:
2528:
1247:
997:). This enabled rapid movement, not only of soldiers, but also civilian settlers. It also enabled the extension of
942:
810:
648:
550:
462:
1502:"Archaeological Excavations at Pig Bay (N38/21, R10/22), Motutapu Island, Auckland, New Zealand, in 1958 and 1959"
2621:
2576:
2513:
1879:
1586:
831:
592:
1907:
1855:
1017:. Auckland however gradually became the commercial capital. Market gardens were planted on the outskirts, while
2496:
2399:
1142:
1103:
2586:
1265:
substation, with the blackout affecting wide parts of the conurbation, including the CBD, but sparing most of
1211:
on 10 July 1985, two explosive devices attached to the hull by operatives of the French intelligence service (
925:
that allowed chilled meat to be safely shipped to Britain. Parliament met for the first time in Wellington in
785:
176:
1714:"Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project"
813:
shop. After negotiation, Ngāti Pāoa were given some tobacco and they left. Later they gave Grey a greenstone
2646:
2409:
1836:
1123:
1099:
1057:
969:
Lower Queen Street in Auckland, New Zealand in 1919, showing typical road traffic. Postcard image from 1919.
847:
644:
68:
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2214:
1648:
1258:
1178:
978:
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2183:
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1866:
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opened St Paul's in 1843, serving both Māori and European congregations, with two services conducted in
699:
669:
42:
1590:
2159:
238:
156:(sweet potato)), fishing and shellfish gathering. However, some areas such as Motutapu Island and the
2551:
2387:
2176:
2117:
950:
859:
825:
769:
542:
190:
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2508:
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1200:
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appeared in New Zealand around this time, supported by ferry services, mostly to what would become
1030:
801:
765:
523:
300:
194:
38:
1713:
695:
514:) seemed the obvious choice for an administrative capital. Centrally situated at the south of the
2556:
2052:
1597:. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited (republished in New Zealand Electronic Text Collection). p. 47
1531:
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1415:
1358:
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1220:
974:
855:
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527:
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476:
393:
359:
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which was established in 1843. Auckland's first Catholic church opened in 1843, later to become
733:
From the late 1840s, settlers attending Anglican chapels built in the then-rural communities of
291:
1242:
All four electrical power cables supplying the Central Business District failed on 20 February
2664:
2571:
2348:
2293:
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2222:
1887:
1523:
1459:
1407:
1366:
1350:
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1042:
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34:
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226:
125:
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2317:
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2191:
1862:
1843:
1219:, drowned on the sinking ship. Two of the French agents were subsequently arrested by the
1192:
914:
820:
St Stephen's Anglican School (initially educating Māori girls, then later boys) opened in
691:
655:
613:
591:, arrived in Auckland Harbour on 15 September 1840. By coincidence, three days before the
378:
374:
367:
310:
304:
284:
214:
202:
198:
137:
1119:
In World War II the city was overflown by a Japanese seaplane, chased ineffectually by a
789:
210:
149:
92:
64:
2269:
1977:
2523:
2518:
2491:
1493:
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577:
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347:
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1126:. Again, coastal fortifications were built or extended, with a large military base on
2691:
2626:
2481:
2087:
1196:
918:
814:
809:
reason for the attack was the arrest of a Ngāti Pāoa chief for stealing a shift at a
805:
711:
581:
549:(also known now as Old Russell) in the Bay of Islands. The Chief Magistrate, Captain
538:
492:
451:
145:
33:
1841 survey map of the planned Auckland township, showing the original coastline and
2138:
1445:
1393:
1336:
760:
was formed. Between 1847 and 1852 large numbers of retired British soldiers, called
276:
157:
2474:
1661:
1441:
1131:
1095:
1072:
1014:
986:
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727:
519:
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249:
141:
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1999:
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443:
363:
330:
2109:
2546:
1687:
922:
565:
343:
1773:"Statement of evidence of Ngarimu Alan Huiroa Blair on behalf of the plaintiff"
1497:
1171:
1037:
1022:
946:
910:
866:
821:
781:
643:, had arrived a month earlier on a hunch about Hobson's intentions and bought
397:
355:
320:
265:
261:
76:
21:
1527:
1463:
1411:
1370:
1354:
541:, and the offer of land from Ngāti Whātua, Hobson selected the south side of
2321:
2253:
1617:
1543:
718:
602:
2297:
2261:
2234:
2226:
2195:
1519:
153:
130:
2677:
2305:
1479:
1427:
1378:
244:
From 1600 to 1750 the Tāmaki tribes terraced the volcanic cones, building
2371:
1394:"The Excavation of Sites R11/887, R11/888, and R11/899, Tamaki, Auckland"
1174:
1010:
793:
777:
715:
659:
647:. Soon after Hobson founded Auckland, they built the city's first house,
421:
206:
186:
54:
1535:
1471:
1419:
1362:
1134:
in the event of an impending Japanese invasion, which never eventuated.
1085:
1262:
982:
804:
arrived to attack Auckland in some 20 waka. By the time they landed at
773:
742:
573:
417:
315:
234:
116:
869:
province from 1846 until its replacement following the passing of the
881:, became the first superintendent of Auckland Province following the
569:
546:
500:
295:
218:
181:
1089:
Schematic map of the extent of the Auckland urban area, 21st century
450:, Māori re-emerged as a cultural and political force only after the
136:
Some of the earliest archaeological sites in Auckland are found on
1188:
1084:
1071:
1046:
1018:
981:
in the early 1860s. Grey's modus operandi involved opening up the
964:
892:
668:
555:
461:
329:
275:
28:
20:
268:
tribes in the north made the Tāmaki tribes vulnerable to attack.
1960:
In Cruce Salus, A History of the Diocese of Auckland 1848 – 1980
1212:
1208:
454:
occupation and Māori cultural revival of the late 20th century.
430:(strategic gift) of 3,500 acres (1,400 hectares) of land on the
169:
71:
explorers in the late 18th century, over a short stretch as the
2344:
2268:
545:
as his future capital, while setting up a temporary capital at
676:, Auckland's first church building (and parish) pictured here
1936:, Coulls Somerville Wilkie Ltd, Dunedin, 1929, pp. 124 – 126.
1962:, Catholic Publication Centre, Auckland 1982, pp. 53 and 54.
2340:
834:
was built in 1853 to serve the suburbs of Freemans Bay and
487:. At the time, the main European settlements were in the
564:
Ngāti Whātua would certainly have expected from British
434:
to Hobson, the new Governor of New Zealand, for the new
1978:"Auckland region – The founding of Auckland: 1840–1869"
1446:"The Excavation of Westfield (R11/898), South Auckland"
1187:
in July 1985 awaiting departure to lead a flotilla of
698:, accompanied by over one hundred Māori warriors. The
530:
had founded and continued to dominate Port Nicholson.
522:
and growing fast, it had a lot to commend it. But the
256:, paramount chief of Waiohua. They then took his last
248:. Across the isthmus they developed 2,000 hectares of
1846:(from Te Ara: The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966)
553:, soon purchased the further land from Ngāti Whātua.
338:
established Auckland as the colony's capital in 1841.
1945:
Auckland's First Catholic School – And its Latest",
690:
and the Fort Britomart army barracks, were built on
628:
announced royal approval of the name on 26 November
233:
tribe. The dominant power on the Tāmaki isthmus was
2537:
2462:
658:predominated. Amongst the first settlers were some
37:, and planned areas such as the reclamation of the
479:in February 1840 the new Governor of New Zealand,
41:, and the Trafalgar Circus, located at modern-day
2279:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 894.
1076:Aerial view of the city, looking north to the CBD
666:, which was Auckland's first school of any sort.
608:A foundation ceremony took place on 18 September
917:, and with the development of sheep farming and
745:were ministered to by the staff and students of
710:and two in English, every Sunday. Known as the '
620:). Hobson named the new settlement in honour of
533:On the initial recommendation of the missionary
396:). Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from
1327:
1325:
1323:
1235:Eagle helicopter and a traffic-spotting plane
400:as well as a reciprocal relationship with the
358:had claimed New Zealand for Britain under the
2356:
2086:. St Barnabas Anglican Church. Archived from
1009:, as well as some small developments towards
817:to signal their acceptance of his authority.
503:in the Bay of Islands was completed in 1842.
299:Ngāpuhi force, who had a few muskets, in the
8:
2314:The city of Auckland, New Zealand, 1840–1920
2190:, Auckland, N.Z: Printed by H. Brett, 1880,
1451:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
1399:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
1342:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
1106:with the city, further extending its reach.
16:History of the city of Auckland, New Zealand
2188:Brett's New Zealand and South Pacific Pilot
109:
101:
58:
2363:
2349:
2341:
2246:New Zealand as a Tourist and Health Resort
2209:(14th ed.), London: E. Stanford, 1879
1980:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1746:"Tāmaki Herenga Waka: Stories of Auckland"
1616:Pihema, Ani; Kerei, Ruby; Oliver, Steven.
1130:storing mines supposed to block the inner
466:Print of a painting of Auckland port, 1857
67:settlers in the 14th century to the first
1908:"New memorial marks founding of Auckland"
1771:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust (2 June 2021).
307:(in 1807 or 1808), killing at least 150.
63:) metropolitan area stretches from early
2177:Timeline of Auckland § Bibliography
2114:New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero
1972:
1970:
1968:
1809:"Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Deed of Settlement"
1566:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1555:
1553:
1392:Foster, Russell; Sewell, Brenda (1989).
287:gifted land for the new capital in 1840.
197:and controlled land as far north as the
179:tribe, descended from the people of the
2110:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Hall"
1294:
714:' of Auckland, St Paul's served as the
2047:
2045:
2043:
1719:. Auckland Transport. pp. 14–16.
842:in Parnell in 1860; then the original
237:, a federation of tribes formed under
193:, who lived under forest cover in the
164:area had specialised areas to produce
123:(seafood). Māori constructed terraced
2292:, Wellington: New Zealand Times Co.,
2248:, Auckland: T. Cook & Son, 1902,
1726:from the original on 11 December 2019
1146:Auckland is a largely suburban city.
883:1853 New Zealand provincial elections
537:, supported by the Surveyor General,
7:
2053:"History of the Diocese of Auckland"
1595:Maori Wars of the Nineteenth Century
973:Auckland formed a base for Governor
846:in 1865, originally a chapel in the
377:area where Ngāti Whātua farmed, now
2316:, Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs,
2002:. New Zealand Historic Places Trust
1694:from the original on 11 August 2019
1623:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
1560:McClure, Margaret (5 August 2016).
560:Queen Street, Auckland in the 1860s
2437:Skyscrapers and tallest structures
14:
2221:, London: Cassell and Co., 1895,
1949:, Thursday, 26 January 1939, p. 5
1884:From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland
1628:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1562:"Auckland region - Māori history"
1223:and pled guilty to manslaughter.
993:(a large part of which now forms
871:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
622:George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland
144:, Wattle Bay in the south of the
2676:
2660:
2659:
1886:. University of Auckland Press.
1752:. Auckland Museum. 18 April 2021
1064:, where they can still be seen.
989:by building roads, most notably
901:, pictured here around 1860–1870
858:and later the opulent suburb of
758:Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps
189:. Other Tainui descendants were
2162:. Auckland Operational Support.
1337:"Auckland Prehistory: A Review"
624:, a patron and his friend. The
2055:. Anglican Diocese of Auckland
1507:Records of the Auckland Museum
1160:Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior
1081:New transport and urban sprawl
934:Government House in Wellington
626:New Zealand Government Gazette
334:New Zealand's first Governor,
1:
2000:"St Paul's Church (Anglican)"
873:. The new province, known as
865:Auckland was the seat of the
747:St John's Theological College
677:
662:and in 1841 they established
483:, had the task of choosing a
313:, leader of the Ngāti Whātua
213:tribe was based south of the
2028:. The University of Auckland
1283:Timeline of Auckland history
1166:Franco-New Zealand relations
1137:Following the initiative of
1115:Public transport in Auckland
25:1888 German map of Auckland.
1121:Royal New Zealand Air Force
838:; followed by the original
784:to the leading Māori chief
362:, and it was considered by
2714:
2174:
1248:1998 Auckland power crisis
1227:Problems in infrastructure
1191:protesting against French
1163:
1157:
1108:
977:'s operations against the
915:discovery of gold in Otago
582:Australian prison colonies
551:William Cornwallis Symonds
225:to the Thames estuary was
2655:
2378:
2160:"Our History – Responses"
2139:"Other Government Houses"
1690:. Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei.
1001:influence and law to the
686:The city's first church,
654:Initially, settlers from
475:After the signing of the
53:The human history of the
2084:"History of St Barnabas"
1143:New Zealand Labour Party
373:On 20 March 1840 in the
99:around 1350, calling it
2284:C. N. Baeyertz (1912),
2276:Encyclopædia Britannica
1861:6 December 2006 at the
1207:. Just before midnight
1124:De Havilland Tiger Moth
1100:Auckland Harbour Bridge
943:fourth Government House
848:Symonds Street Cemetery
788:and 149 members of the
381:Apihai Te Kawau signed
323:, was a good friend of
221:. Along the coast from
88:Pre-European occupation
1842:6 January 2007 at the
1649:History of New Zealand
1520:10.32912/RAM.2018.52.2
1307:The Auckland Plan 2050
1259:2006 Auckland Blackout
1090:
1077:
970:
902:
899:third Government House
889:Loss of capital status
824:in 1847 then moved to
751:St Patrick's Cathedral
683:
561:
485:capital for the colony
471:Capital of New Zealand
467:
339:
288:
110:
102:
59:
50:
47:University of Auckland
26:
2685:at Wikimedia Commons
2552:Aotea / Great Barrier
2219:Pictorial New Zealand
1867:Auckland City Council
1780:ngatiwhatuaorakei.com
1164:Further information:
1139:Michael Joseph Savage
1111:Transport in Auckland
1088:
1075:
968:
896:
700:Bishop of New Zealand
672:
587:Hobson's barque, the
559:
465:
408:. Soon after signing
333:
279:
32:
24:
2335:History and Heritage
2290:Guide to New Zealand
2207:New Zealand Handbook
2118:Heritage New Zealand
1856:Ngāti Whātua history
1183:, was docked in the
951:Devonport Naval Base
905:Eventually in 1865,
704:Bishop George Selwyn
383:Te Tiriti o Waitangi
272:Arrival of Europeans
2698:History of Auckland
2683:History of Auckland
2597:Maungakiekie-Tāmaki
2337:– Heart of the City
1666:New Zealand History
1237:collided in mid-air
1201:Tuamotu Archipelago
979:Māori King Movement
945:was established in
584:and Sydney market.
524:New Zealand Company
414:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
392:translation of the
301:battle of Moremonui
281:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
39:Auckland waterfront
2557:Devonport-Takapuna
2312:John Barr (1922),
2090:on 23 October 2020
1591:"Moremo-nui, 1807"
1333:Davidson, Janet M.
1221:New Zealand Police
1091:
1078:
971:
961:Growth of the city
923:refrigerated ships
903:
684:
605:during his exile.
599:Napoleon Bonaparte
562:
528:Wakefield brothers
512:Wellington Harbour
477:Treaty of Waitangi
468:
394:Treaty of Waitangi
360:discovery doctrine
352:Treaty of Waitangi
348:Lt Governor Hobson
340:
289:
185:canoe, settled in
51:
27:
2681:Media related to
2673:
2672:
2572:Hibiscus and Bays
2539:Local board areas
2021:Hawkins, Simeon.
1934:Young New Zealand
1818:. 5 November 2011
1688:"Apihai Te Kawau"
1662:"Āpihai Te Kawau"
1618:"Apihai Te Kawau"
1068:Twentieth century
1043:industrialisation
1021:tree logging and
875:Auckland Province
664:a school for boys
543:Waitematā Harbour
458:Birth of the city
432:Waitematā Harbour
420:and landowner in
191:Te Kawerau ā Maki
35:Waihorotiu Stream
2705:
2680:
2663:
2662:
2637:Waitākere Ranges
2607:Ōtara-Papatoetoe
2567:Henderson-Massey
2509:Pōhutukawa Coast
2470:Auckland isthmus
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2324:
2308:
2280:
2272:
2270:"Auckland"
2264:
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2018:
2012:
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1789:on 2 August 2021
1788:
1782:. Archived from
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1382:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1303:"About Auckland"
1299:
1271:North Shore City
1217:Fernando Pereira
1205:French Polynesia
1185:Port of Auckland
1128:Rangitoto Island
1051:North Shore City
1031:Waitākere Ranges
1029:, opened up the
1027:Thomas Henderson
991:Great South Road
811:Shortland Street
682:
679:
448:New Zealand wars
283:Paramount Chief
239:Te Hua-o-Kaiwaka
195:Waitākere Ranges
162:Mount Wellington
113:
105:
97:Auckland isthmus
83:Māori occupation
79:of the country.
73:official capital
62:
2713:
2712:
2708:
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2703:
2702:
2688:
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2587:Māngere-Ōtāhuhu
2533:
2502:East Coast Bays
2458:
2417:Historic places
2374:
2369:
2331:
2311:
2283:
2267:
2240:
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2201:
2184:"Auckland City"
2182:
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2173:
2171:Further reading
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1966:
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1944:
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1932:A. G Butchers,
1931:
1927:
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1863:Wayback Machine
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1668:. NZ Government
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1587:Smith, S. Percy
1585:
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1494:Davidson, Janet
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1311:
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1300:
1296:
1291:
1279:
1229:
1193:nuclear testing
1180:Rainbow Warrior
1168:
1162:
1156:
1152:Rainbow Warrior
1117:
1083:
1070:
995:State Highway 1
963:
909:, now known as
891:
692:Point Britomart
680:
656:New South Wales
618:Rerenga Ora Iti
614:Point Britomart
518:, close to the
473:
460:
423:Tāmaki Makaurau
379:paramount chief
375:Manukau Harbour
368:New South Wales
311:Apihai Te Kawau
305:Kaipara Harbour
285:Apihai Te Kawau
274:
215:Manukau Harbour
138:Motutapu Island
111:Tāmaki Makaurau
90:
85:
60:Tāmaki Makaurau
17:
12:
11:
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2524:Waiheke Island
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2519:South Auckland
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2492:Hibiscus Coast
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2329:External links
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2013:
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1958:E.R. Simmons,
1951:
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1880:Stone, Russell
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1267:Waitakere City
1252:Mercury Energy
1246:, causing the
1228:
1225:
1158:Main article:
1155:
1148:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1062:Waiheke Island
1007:Commercial Bay
1003:South Auckland
962:
959:
907:Port Nicholson
890:
887:
879:Robert Wynyard
844:St Sepulchre's
649:Acacia Cottage
641:Logan Campbell
578:Hauraki Plains
535:Henry Williams
508:Port Nicholson
489:Bay of Islands
481:William Hobson
472:
469:
459:
456:
416:, the primary
366:to be part of
350:to create the
336:William Hobson
325:Samuel Marsden
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696:Pāora Tūhaere
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645:Browns Island
642:
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637:William Brown
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539:Felton Mathew
536:
531:
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506:Even in 1840
504:
502:
498:
494:
493:Otago Harbour
490:
486:
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478:
470:
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457:
455:
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452:Bastion Point
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370:until 1840.)
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2447:Tāmaki Māori
2400:Demographics
2382:
2313:
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2274:
2245:
2218:
2206:
2187:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2030:. Retrieved
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1959:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1914:. 4 May 2018
1911:
1902:
1883:
1874:
1851:
1837:Ngati Whatua
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1621:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1511:
1505:
1488:
1455:
1449:
1436:
1403:
1397:
1387:
1346:
1340:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1256:
1241:
1230:
1179:
1169:
1151:
1136:
1132:Hauraki Gulf
1118:
1096:World War II
1092:
1055:
1035:
1025:, mainly by
1015:South Island
987:King Country
972:
955:Panama Canal
939:
904:
864:
850:serving the
832:St Matthew's
830:
819:
790:Ngāti Mahuta
755:
732:
728:Freemans Bay
724:
708:te reo Māori
685:
653:
634:
625:
617:
607:
593:
588:
586:
563:
532:
520:South Island
516:North Island
505:
497:South Island
474:
440:
427:
422:
409:
386:
382:
372:
341:
319:(sub-tribe)
314:
309:
292:Ngāti Whātua
290:
257:
245:
243:
223:Whangaparaoa
211:Ngāti Te Ata
205:and down to
201:, across to
180:
174:
165:
150:Matukutūruru
142:Ponui Island
135:
124:
120:
108:
100:
95:settled the
93:Māori people
91:
52:
18:
2547:Albert-Eden
2497:North Shore
2475:City Centre
2463:Major areas
2144:14 December
2059:19 November
2032:30 November
1498:Leach, Foss
1177:craft, the
1104:North Shore
1023:gum digging
975:George Grey
792:tribe from
681: 1880
589:Anna Watson
572:'s fertile
566:colonialism
491:and on the
344:Musket Wars
254:Kiwi Tāmaki
43:Albert Park
2617:Puketāpapa
2286:"Auckland"
2242:"Auckland"
2215:"Auckland"
2203:"Auckland"
2175:See also:
2006:17 January
1865:(from the
1601:27 January
1544:Q104815049
1289:References
1172:Greenpeace
1109:See also:
1058:North Head
1038:mercantile
947:Mount Eden
911:Wellington
867:New Ulster
822:Kohimarama
798:Ngāti Pāoa
356:James Cook
354:in 1840. (
227:Ngāti Pāoa
170:stone adze
77:metropolis
2642:Waitematā
2582:Kaipātiki
2427:Transport
2322:24364862M
1947:Zealandia
1698:11 August
1633:4 January
1528:1174-9202
1480:Q58677261
1464:0067-0464
1428:Q58677368
1412:0067-0464
1379:Q58677062
1371:270925589
1355:0067-0464
1312:3 January
840:St Mary's
762:fencibles
719:Cathedral
688:St Paul's
674:St Paul's
660:Catholics
603:St Helena
426:, made a
410:Te Tiriti
203:Mahurangi
121:kai moana
2692:Category
2665:Category
2612:Papakura
2592:Manurewa
2562:Franklin
2487:Franklin
2388:Timeline
2372:Auckland
2262:7093583M
2254:18158487
2235:7088023M
2196:7152786M
1918:2 August
1882:(2001).
1869:website)
1859:Archived
1840:Archived
1822:2 August
1793:2 August
1721:Archived
1692:Archived
1589:(1910).
1540:Wikidata
1536:90016660
1514:: 9–38.
1500:(2017).
1476:Wikidata
1472:42906356
1458:: 1–24.
1444:(1986).
1424:Wikidata
1420:42906393
1406:: 1–24.
1375:Wikidata
1363:42906259
1349:: 1–14.
1335:(1978).
1277:See also
1175:flagship
1011:Onehunga
852:hospital
836:Ponsonby
794:Tamahere
778:Onehunga
716:Anglican
580:for the
526:and the
404:and the
207:Takapuna
187:Maraetai
177:Ngāi Tai
69:European
55:Auckland
2632:Waiheke
2442:Suburbs
2432:Schools
2405:Geology
2395:Culture
2383:History
2306:251804M
2298:5747830
2227:8587586
2094:18 June
1984:15 June
1816:govt.nz
1672:27 June
1571:31 July
1263:Otahuhu
1199:in the
1154:bombing
1102:linked
1060:and on
983:Waikato
860:Grafton
826:Parnell
782:Māngere
774:Otahuhu
770:Panmure
743:Remuera
594:Platina
574:Waikato
501:Russell
495:in the
436:capital
398:Ngāpuhi
387:te reo
342:As the
321:Te Taoū
266:Ngāpuhi
262:Māngere
235:Waiohua
231:Hauraki
199:Kaipara
158:Ōtāhuhu
117:isthmus
2622:Rodney
2602:Ōrākei
2577:Howick
2514:Rodney
2422:Region
2320:
2304:
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2260:
2252:
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2194:
2123:13 May
1890:
1750:Flickr
1542:
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1526:
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1470:
1462:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1233:Police
1189:yachts
999:Pākehā
856:prison
802:Thames
766:Howick
735:Tāmaki
570:Tainui
547:Okiato
444:Ōrākei
406:Church
364:pākehā
296:Tainui
250:kūmara
219:Waiuku
209:. The
182:Tainui
154:kūmara
148:, and
131:kāinga
103:Tāmaki
2452:Marae
2026:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1756:3 May
1730:3 May
1724:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1532:JSTOR
1468:JSTOR
1416:JSTOR
1359:JSTOR
1150:1985
1047:trams
1019:kauri
929:. In
800:from
739:Epsom
612:, at
510:(now
402:Crown
389:Māori
385:(the
65:Māori
2647:Whau
2294:OCLC
2250:OCLC
2223:OCLC
2146:2013
2125:2019
2096:2019
2061:2016
2034:2020
2008:2015
1986:2019
1920:2021
1888:ISBN
1824:2021
1795:2021
1758:2021
1732:2021
1700:2019
1674:2021
1647:See
1635:2020
1603:2019
1573:2019
1524:ISSN
1460:ISSN
1408:ISSN
1367:OCLC
1351:ISSN
1314:2019
1269:and
1257:The
1244:1998
1213:DGSE
1209:NZST
1170:The
1113:and
985:and
931:1868
927:1862
897:The
815:mere
776:and
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639:and
630:1842
610:1840
576:and
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418:hapū
316:hapū
294:and
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