310:
62:
854:
Bosnian Muslim women fought in the defense of the fortress of BĹ«zin (BĂĽzin). Women and men resisted the
Austrians at the Chetin (Çetin) Fortress. The women of the Bosnians were deemed to be militaristic according to non-Ottoman records of the war between the Ottomans and Austrians and they played a role in the Bosnian success in battle against the Austrian attackers. Yeni Pazar, Izvornik, Östroviç-i âtık, Çetin, Būzin, Gradişka, and Banaluka were struck by the Austrians. A French account described the bravery in battle of Bosnian Muslim women who fought in the war.
1746:
865:
1360:
666:
884:), who raised a full-scale rebellion in the province, joined by thousands of native Bosnian soldiers. Despite winning several notable victories, the rebels were eventually defeated in a battle near Sarajevo in 1832. Internal discord contributed to the failure of the rebellion, because Gradaščević was not supported by much of the Herzegovinian nobility. The rebellion was extinguished by 1850, but the Empire continued to decline.
1343:
853:
translated into
English by C. Fraser, Bosnian Muslim women fought in battle since they "acquired the courage of heroes" against the Austrian Germans at the siege of Osterwitch-atyk (Östroviç-i âtık) fortress. Bosnian Muslim women and men were among the casualties during the Battle of Osterwitchatyk.
1101:
system, 'devĹźirmek' meaning 'to gather' or 'to recruit'). However, this practice was heavily resented by most of the people of the area. This was because of the very high position a
Janissary held in Ottoman society. Owing to their education (for they were taught arts, science, maths, poetry,
767:— it took more than a hundred years for the number of Muslims to become the majority religion. The general view among scholars is that the Islamization of the Bosnian population was not the result of violent methods of conversions but was, for the most part, peaceful and voluntary.
907:. This is mostly because of the high esteem the Bosniaks held in the eyes of the Sultans and the Turks. The Empire also promoted close relations between Turks and Bosniaks, and many Turks during Ottoman times felt a trust for and a kinship with the Bosniaks.
1021:
after the fall of
Hungary. Conversely, during the couple of centuries Croatia was under Austro-Hungarian rule and Bosnia under Ottoman rule, Muslims from the north and west migrated into Bosnia, forming a heavily-Muslim pocket in its northwest corner around
1001:
clearly distinguish
Bosnian Christians from Catholics or Orthodox, it is now general consensus that the number of Christians adherents in the times during Ottoman rule did not exceed a few hundred people, due to mainly Islamic converts.
890:
The
Ottoman rule lasted for over four hundred years, until 1878, although nominally Bosnia-Herzegovina remained Ottoman territory (without actual effective rule) until 1908 when it officially became part of Austria-Hungary.
309:
61:
2145:
2196:
1887:
1934:
694:
861:
in the early 19th century in order to address the grave issues mostly caused by the border wars. The reforms, however, were usually met with resistance by the military captaincies of Bosnia.
2125:
1442:
1623:
2236:
2175:
1929:
2231:
1914:
487:
1171:
The
Ottomans conquered Bosnia in 1463; ... though last fortress in Herzegovina was to fall in 1481, and in Bosnia Jajce under Hungarian garrison actually held until 1527
1093:
During
Ottoman rule, many children of Christian parents, regardless of whether Orthodox or Catholic, were separated from their families and raised to be members of the
2155:
1909:
789:
and most of
Hungary by 1541. In the next century, most of the Bosnian province wasn't a borderland and developed in relative peace. It was administered by the Ottoman
581:
576:
563:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
1686:
826:
impoverished Bosnia, and encouraged further migration and resettlement; Muslim refugees from
Hungary and Slavonia resettled in Bosnia, assimilating into the native
687:
528:
734:
fell to the Turks in 1482. It took another century for the western parts of today's Bosnia to succumb to Ottoman attacks. Bosnia continued legally under the royal
1882:
739:
2050:
1850:
1435:
850:
1964:
1706:
587:
1899:
1807:
1616:
1005:
Ottoman rule also changed the ethnic and religious makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many Catholic Bosnians retreated to Croatia, which was controlled by
719:
713:
680:
477:
290:
151:
2246:
2150:
1904:
1812:
1790:
1659:
535:
382:
2201:
1834:
1777:
1762:
1701:
1580:
1428:
916:
2013:
1802:
1785:
1649:
347:
319:
2241:
2098:
2073:
2038:
2023:
2008:
1954:
1872:
1867:
1609:
746:
1044:
at the end of the 15th century, and many resettled in the Ottoman Empire because of its tolerance towards other religions (especially towards
2033:
1772:
1517:
629:
164:
2170:
2130:
2093:
1924:
1877:
1855:
643:
2068:
2028:
2018:
1974:
1894:
1754:
1723:
933:(second-level administrative units) of Bosnia (Bosna), Herzegovina (Hersek), and Zvornik (Ä°zvornik). In 1580, the Ottomans created the
513:
2045:
1919:
1713:
625:
614:
2165:
2060:
1969:
1946:
1817:
1797:
1767:
1641:
1408:
1390:
1326:
1209:
1158:
299:
1998:
922:
899:
The Ottoman rule also saw many architectural investments in Bosnia and the creation and development of many new cities including
2206:
2135:
2002:
858:
389:
2140:
2103:
997:. There are conflicting claims on the exact ratios or whether or how much of it was voluntary or not. Since earliest Turkish
357:
2078:
1365:
926:
812:
670:
2118:
831:
873:
763:
region. This conversion appears to have been not sudden but a gradual process based on various rules imposed by the
1696:
1654:
756:
937:
which was subdivided into the sanjaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina, among others. They also introduced the so-called
364:
326:
127:
735:
1420:
1150:
The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Historic Development from Middle Ages to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia
17:
2251:
1664:
984:
45:
819:. The borders set then remained in place for another century and a half, though the border wars continued.
1745:
1632:
823:
636:
607:
208:
1691:
594:
497:
263:
864:
808:, Bosnia's northern and western borders became the frontier between the Austrian and Ottoman empires.
1476:
972:
723:
2160:
2088:
1153:(Second ed.). United States of America: President and Fellows of Harvard College. p. 11.
805:
1575:
1045:
1018:
1010:
816:
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780:
505:
269:
1201:
1733:
1674:
1404:
1386:
1322:
1250:
1205:
1154:
1111:
1006:
843:
801:
727:
441:
416:
1316:
1299:
1282:
1265:
1227:
1148:
2083:
1959:
1860:
1728:
1669:
1545:
1123:
1115:
1107:
652:
409:
353:
247:
1822:
1590:
1565:
1550:
1535:
1481:
1466:
239:
1080:
subjects. Dhimmis were not required to join the army, but they paid a special tax called
838:
but also including those from Serbia and Bosnia, resettled across the Bosnian border in
1585:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1512:
1497:
1452:
1194:
1119:
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235:
187:
72:
2190:
1507:
1471:
1244:
934:
868:
Flag of Bosnia Vilayet gathered thousands of Bosniaks to seek independence in (1878).
790:
776:
501:
493:
429:
253:
103:
1076:" by the Ottoman authorities but were otherwise subject to the same restrictions as
815:, but this lasted only until 1739 when they were ceded to the Ottoman Empire at the
1502:
1127:
722:
started in 1384, and subsequently the Ottoman invasion expanded into the so-called
454:
437:
123:
87:
1380:
921:
The area of the current Bosnia and Herzegovina was initially part of the Ottoman
2108:
1827:
1718:
1601:
946:
872:
The most famous of these insurrections was the 1831–1832 one, headed by Captain
759:
in the second half of the 15th century, giving it a unique character within the
731:
619:
433:
259:
243:
1355:
1126:), Janissaries could easily work their way up to a becoming governors or even
1069:
968:
556:
218:
1094:
1053:
1027:
942:
401:
115:
2113:
1345:
Looking for the Doctor's Son: Ottoman Administration of 18th Century Bosnia
1102:
literature and many of the languages spoken in the Ottoman Empire, such as
967:
which encompassed entire present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina along with the
1994:
1990:
1098:
1057:
1049:
1038:
1023:
1014:
960:
900:
839:
786:
752:
397:
369:
827:
223:
99:
94:
27:
Period of Bosnian and Herzegovinan history from the 15th–19th centuries
1103:
1077:
1073:
1030:
998:
950:
930:
904:
881:
835:
760:
213:
1196:
Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina
738:, and fell finally in 1527 with the fall of its capital Jajce. The
1082:
1041:
994:
938:
863:
119:
82:
953:
1605:
1424:
1318:
Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia
1382:
The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics
1301:
History of the War in Bosnia During the Years 1737 - 1739
1284:
History of the War in Bosnia During the Years 1737 - 1739
1267:
History of the War in Bosnia During the Years 1737 - 1739
1229:
History of the War in Bosnia During the Years 1737 - 1739
2197:
Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
949:, but was generally an arrangement similar to European
37:
2059:
1983:
1945:
1843:
1753:
1640:
1528:
1490:
1459:
1026:. The Ottoman period also saw the development of a
804:, and ceded Slavonia and Hungary to Austria at the
201:
184:
174:
161:
148:
136:
114:
109:
93:
78:
68:
32:
1193:
945:) which changed the local administration and the
824:wars between the Ottomans and Austria and Venice
740:first occupation administration was established
1033:community in Bosnia, chiefly in Sarajevo. The
849:According to an Ottoman Muslim account of the
811:In 1716, Austria occupied northern Bosnia and
2237:States and territories disestablished in 1878
1617:
1436:
688:
18:History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463–1878)
8:
1707:Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1451:Administrative regions and provinces of the
857:The Ottoman Sultans attempted to implement
846:at the invitation of the Austrian Emperor.
2232:States and territories established in 1463
1624:
1610:
1602:
1443:
1429:
1421:
1304:. Oriental Translation-Fund. pp. 48–.
1287:. Oriental Translation-Fund. pp. 45–.
1270:. Oriental Translation-Fund. pp. 19–.
1232:. Oriental Translation-Fund. pp. 17–.
1200:. Texas A&M University Press. p.
1009:after the Ottoman conquest of most of the
720:Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
714:Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
695:
681:
284:
152:Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
39:Bosna i Hercegovina u Osmanlijskom Carstvu
29:
1702:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
917:State organisation of the Ottoman Empire
1687:Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina
1403:, University of Wisconsin Press (2004)
1139:
298:
287:
2227:19th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2222:18th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2217:17th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2212:16th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1097:Corps (this practice was known as the
747:Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1348:. University of Michigan. p. 34.
1037:were persecuted in and expelled from
859:various economic and military reforms
183:
173:
160:
147:
143:
113:
7:
1856:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
929:) and was divided between the three
851:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)
644:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1399:Markus Koller and Kemal H. Karpat,
975:), parts of Serbia and Montenegro.
1714:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1401:Ottoman Bosnia: A History in Peril
1249:. Royal Asiatic Society. pp.
1243:Oriental Translation Fund (1830).
800:However, when the Empire lost the
615:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
25:
671:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal
2247:1878 disestablishments in Europe
1744:
1358:
664:
308:
274:) lasted from 1463/1482 to 1878
60:
2202:Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina
963:reforms, the region became the
483:(Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463))
390:Bosnia in the Early Middle Ages
1682:Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
1342:Michael Robert Hickok (1995).
1315:Michael Robert Hickok (1997).
1017:, which was controlled by the
757:conquest by the Ottoman Empire
34:Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
1:
2242:1463 establishments in Europe
1366:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal
959:Later as part of the Ottoman
802:war of 1683–1697 with Austria
755:converted to Islam after the
1415:A Glance into Ottoman Bosnia
1379:Bataković, Dušan T. (1996).
1068:During the Ottoman period,
832:Eastern Orthodox Christians
438:Hum (Herzegovina from 1454)
2268:
982:
914:
774:
744:
711:
1742:
1192:Velikonja, Mitja (2003).
1182:Malcolm (1994), pp. 51—55
588:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina
197:
144:
59:
54:
1851:Administrative divisions
1385:. Dialogue Association.
1298:'Umar (Būsnavī) (1830).
1281:'Umar (Būsnavī) (1830).
1264:'Umar (Būsnavī) (1830).
1226:'Umar (Būsnavī) (1830).
1048:), mainly in and around
993:eventually converted to
991:Bosnian Church adherents
830:population, whilst many
785:The Turks had conquered
751:A significant number of
1321:. BRILL. pp. 15–.
985:Millet (Ottoman Empire)
358:Central Bosnian culture
2207:15th century in Bosnia
2126:Decorations and medals
1633:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1541:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1147:Pinson, Mark (1996) .
869:
730:finally fell in 1463.
637:Bosnia and Herzegovina
302:Bosnia and Herzegovina
209:Bosnia and Herzegovina
38:
1692:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
941:system (actually the
867:
595:Breakup of Yugoslavia
564:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
498:Sanjak of Herzegovina
69:Common languages
2176:World Heritage Sites
1883:Council of Ministers
1417:, Saqi Books (2007).
973:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
514:Herzegovina Uprising
455:Duchy of Herzegovina
424:("zemlje"/counties:
165:Herzegovina uprising
2161:Serbian epic poetry
2089:Bosniak epic poetry
943:timar holder system
895:Governing structure
806:Treaty of Karlowitz
736:House of Berislavić
331:Neolithic cultures:
2146:National monuments
1965:Telecommunications
1413:Matija Mazuranic,
1046:People of the Book
1019:Republic of Venice
1011:Kingdom of Hungary
874:Husein Gradaščević
870:
817:Treaty of Belgrade
795:Herzegovina Eyalet
781:Herzegovina Eyalet
506:Herzegovina Eyalet
448:Bosansko Krajište
2184:
2183:
1915:Political parties
1900:Foreign relations
1734:Siege of Sarajevo
1675:Kingdom of Bosnia
1599:
1598:
1072:were treated as "
971:region (then the
844:Military Frontier
728:Kingdom of Bosnia
724:Bosansko Krajište
705:
704:
332:
278:, and until 1908
232:
231:
16:(Redirected from
2259:
2084:Bosnian language
1861:Republika Srpska
1748:
1729:Bosnian genocide
1724:Ethnic cleansing
1670:Banate of Bosnia
1660:Medieval history
1626:
1619:
1612:
1603:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1422:
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1368:
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1189:
1183:
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1174:
1173:
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1167:
1144:
1007:Habsburg Austria
923:Rumelia Province
742:that same year.
708:Ottoman conquest
697:
690:
683:
669:
668:
667:
656:
653:Republika Srpska
646:
633:
591:
573:
545:
517:
484:
478:Ottoman conquest
459:
451:
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421:
414:
406:
394:
393:(before 10th c.)
361:
354:Glasinac culture
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312:
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64:
49:
41:
30:
21:
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2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2151:Public holidays
2055:
1979:
1941:
1905:Law enforcement
1839:
1813:Protected areas
1749:
1740:
1636:
1630:
1600:
1595:
1581:North Macedonia
1524:
1486:
1455:
1449:
1393:
1378:
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813:northern Serbia
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775:Main articles:
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351:
350:
348:Illyrian period
334:
333:
329:
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301:
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238:era of rule in
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86:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2263:
2255:
2254:
2252:Ottoman Empire
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2016:
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2006:
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1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
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1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
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1880:
1875:
1870:
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1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1778:Extreme points
1775:
1770:
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1515:
1513:Southern Syria
1505:
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1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
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1457:
1456:
1453:Ottoman Empire
1450:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1352:
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1334:
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1273:
1256:
1235:
1218:
1210:
1184:
1175:
1159:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1065:
1062:
1035:Sephardic Jews
980:
977:
965:Bosnia Vilayet
912:
911:Administrative
909:
896:
893:
880:, the Bosnian
834:, mostly from
772:
769:
745:Main article:
712:Main article:
709:
706:
703:
702:
700:
699:
692:
685:
677:
674:
673:
660:
659:
650:
649:
639:
634:
630:Western Bosnia
617:
611:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
582:SFR Yugoslavia
579:
574:
570:Drina Banovina
560:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
542:Bosnian crisis
532:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
512:(1867-1908) /
510:Bosnia Vilayet
508:(1833–1851) /
500:(1481–1833) /
485:
480:
474:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
452:
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407:
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236:Ottoman Empire
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2141:National Flag
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Ethnic groups
2012:
2010:
2007:
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1996:
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1989:
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1650:Early history
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1409:0-299-20714-5
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1128:Grand Viziers
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1056:was built in
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935:Bosnia Eyalet
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906:
902:
894:
892:
888:
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883:
879:
878:Zmaj od Bosne
875:
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837:
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791:Bosnia Eyalet
788:
782:
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777:Bosnia Eyalet
770:
768:
766:
762:
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754:
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743:
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733:
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679:
678:
676:
675:
672:
662:
661:
654:
645:
640:
638:
635:
631:
627:
626:Herzeg-Bosnia
621:
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609:
604:
603:
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583:
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578:
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561:
558:
553:
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543:
537:
534:
533:
530:
525:
524:
515:
511:
507:
504:(1580-1867),
503:
502:Bosnia Eyalet
499:
496:(1463–1580),
495:
494:Bosnia Sanjak
489:
486:
481:
479:
476:
475:
472:
467:
466:
456:
453:
447:
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320:Early history
316:
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292:
286:
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252:, then as an
251:
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207:
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202:Today part of
200:
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169:
166:
156:
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139:
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104:Herzegovinian
101:
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74:
71:
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63:
58:
53:
47:
40:
31:
19:
2099:Coat of arms
2074:Architecture
2039:LGBT history
2024:Human rights
2009:Demographics
1955:Central Bank
1873:Constitution
1868:Armed Forces
1697:World War II
1681:
1665:Early Bosnia
1540:
1477:Tripolitania
1414:
1400:
1381:
1344:
1337:
1317:
1310:
1300:
1293:
1283:
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1266:
1259:
1246:Publications
1245:
1238:
1228:
1221:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1170:
1164:. Retrieved
1149:
1142:
1092:
1090:in Bosnia).
1087:
1081:
1067:
1052:. The first
1004:
988:
958:
927:beylerbeylik
920:
898:
889:
886:
877:
871:
856:
848:
821:
810:
799:
784:
771:Ottoman Rule
750:
717:
608:Contemporary
577:World War II
536:Habsburg era
529:Habsburg era
516:(1875–1877))
470:
413:(~1154–1377)
279:
275:
270:
264:
254:
248:
246:(first as a
233:
88:Christianity
2109:Bosnian pot
2034:LGBT rights
1828:Herzegovina
1773:Environment
1719:Bosnian War
989:All of the
947:agriculture
732:Herzegovina
620:Bosnian War
488:Ottoman era
471:Ottoman era
458:(1463–1482)
450:(1451-1463)
434:Donji Kraji
420:(1377-1463)
383:Middle Ages
262:(also as a
260:Herzegovina
244:Herzegovina
85:(Official)
2191:Categories
2171:Television
2131:Literature
1925:Presidency
1910:Parliament
1878:Corruption
1844:Governance
1576:Montenegro
1373:Literature
1166:2014-08-01
1134:References
1070:Christians
983:See also:
915:See also:
624:(defunct:
557:Yugoslavia
327:Prehistory
300:History of
219:Montenegro
110:Government
95:Demonym(s)
2029:Languages
2019:Education
1975:Transport
1895:Elections
1808:Mountains
1755:Geography
1655:Illyricum
1095:Janissary
1088:glavarina
1060:in 1581.
1054:synagogue
1028:Sephardic
1013:, and to
402:Zachumlia
170:1875–1877
116:Beylerbey
79:Religion
55:1463–1908
2046:Religion
1995:Bosniaks
1991:Bosnians
1960:Currency
1930:Chairman
1920:Politics
1888:Chairman
1546:Bulgaria
1112:Croatian
1099:devĹźirme
1064:Taxation
1058:Sarajevo
1050:Istanbul
1039:Catholic
1015:Dalmatia
979:Religion
961:Tanzimat
901:Sarajevo
842:and the
840:Slavonia
787:Slavonia
765:Ottomans
753:Bosnians
442:Podrinje
398:Travunia
291:a series
289:Part of
276:de facto
176:•
128:Millitia
2166:Symbols
2104:Cuisine
2061:Culture
1984:Society
1970:Tourism
1947:Economy
1935:Members
1818:Regions
1798:Geology
1791:Mammals
1768:Climate
1642:History
1591:Ukraine
1566:Hungary
1551:Croatia
1536:Albania
1518:Lebanon
1482:Tunisia
1467:Algeria
1216:, p. 66
1124:Turkish
1116:Serbian
1108:Bosnian
1074:dhimmis
999:defters
969:SandĹľak
931:sanjaks
828:Bosniak
417:Kingdom
280:de jure
268:, then
224:Croatia
186:•
163:•
150:•
137:History
100:Bosnian
2114:Ćevapi
2094:Cinema
2069:Anthem
1999:Croats
1835:Rivers
1823:Bosnia
1782:Fauna
1763:Cities
1635:topics
1586:Serbia
1571:Kosovo
1561:Greece
1556:Cyprus
1529:Europe
1498:Arabia
1460:Africa
1407:
1389:
1325:
1208:
1157:
1104:Arabic
1078:Muslim
1031:Jewish
951:feudal
905:Mostar
882:Dragon
836:Kosovo
761:Balkan
726:. The
410:Banate
341:Butmir
337:Kakanj
293:on the
271:eyalet
265:sanjak
258:) and
255:eyalet
249:sanjak
240:Bosnia
214:Serbia
140:
132:
42:
2156:Radio
2136:Music
2003:Serbs
1803:Lakes
1786:Birds
1508:Syria
1472:Egypt
1120:Greek
1083:jizya
1042:Spain
1024:Bihać
995:Islam
954:fiefs
939:spahi
426:Usora
120:Pasha
83:Islam
2119:Wine
2051:Wars
1503:Iraq
1491:Asia
1405:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1155:ISBN
1122:and
903:and
822:The
793:and
779:and
718:The
430:Soli
242:and
234:The
193:1908
180:1878
157:1463
124:Agha
2079:Art
2193::
2001:,
1997:,
1253:–.
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1130:.
1118:,
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415:-
400:-
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