98:
483:-like structures separated by a deep channel 1.4 km (0.87 mi) wide at its narrowest point. The larger southwestern reef complex measures 15.4 km (9.6 mi) northeast-southwest, and is up to 9.4 km (5.8 mi) wide, covering an area of about 100 km (39 sq mi). The reef partially dries on the southern and eastern sides. The smaller northeastern reef complex measures 10.5 km (6.5 mi) east-west and is up to 5.5 km (3.4 mi) wide, covering an area of 45 km (17 sq mi). The land area is minuscule by comparison.
328:
68:
128:
48:
311:
259:
294:
135:
105:
75:
533:. Naval patrols in the area are carried out by the San Andrés fleet of the Colombian Navy. Colombia maintains that it has claimed these territories since 1886, as part of the geographic archipelago of San Andrés and Providencia. This date is disputed by other claimant states, who argue that Colombia had not claimed the territory by name until recently.
566:
to cooperatively manage and exploit living and non-living resources in designated waters between the two aforementioned banks. However, the territorial waters immediately surrounding the cays themselves were excluded from the zone of joint-control, as
Colombia considers these areas to be part of its
1211:
Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Bajo Nuevo is disputed. "Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around
Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims." This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Bajo
601:
in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with
Colombia, dated September 1972. However, Bajo Nuevo Bank was not mentioned in the treaty, and Article 7 of the treaty states that matters not specifically mentioned in the treaty are not subject to its terms. The United States considers the
620:
treaty with
Colombia on 20 December 1999, had previously also laid claim to Bajo Nuevo and nearby Serranilla Bank. Both states agreed upon a maritime demarcation in 1986 that excluded Honduras from any control over the banks or their surrounding waters. This bilateral treaty ensured that Honduras
577:
formerly claimed all the islands on its continental shelf, covering an area of over 50,000 km in the
Caribbean Sea, including Bajo Nuevo Bank and all islands associated with the San Andrés and Providencia archipelagoes. It had persistently pursued this claim against Colombia in the
1224:
495:, driftwood, and sand. The light beacon on Low Cay is a 21 m (69 ft) metal tower, painted white with a red top. It emits a focal plane beam of light as two white flashes of light every 15 seconds. The beacon was erected in 1982, and reconstructed by the Colombian
1949:
1030:
490:
is Low Cay, in the southwestern atoll. It is 300 m (330 yd) long and 40 m (44 yd) wide (about 1 ha or 2.5 acres), no more than 2 m (6.6 ft) high, and barren. It is composed of broken
471:(ICJ) found, unanimously, that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks, although the judgment does not analyze or mention the competing claims of Honduras or United States.
1869:
1889:
278:
1929:
1402:
724:
97:
747:
Contract detail between
Colombian Defence Ministry and private contractor, Tecnosoluciones Ltda, for the replacement of various metal lighthouse structures, including on Bajo Nuevo Bank.
1418:
1815:
1805:
555:
recognition of
Colombian sovereignty over the two banks. However, the treaty is now extinguished, as Colombia declined to renew it upon its expiration in August 1986.
621:
implicitly recognises
Colombia's sovereignty over the disputed territories. Honduras's legal right to hand over these areas was disputed by Nicaragua before the ICJ.
1395:
757:
1954:
992:
1894:
1864:
1373:
1914:
1859:
1854:
1388:
543:
with
Colombia. Between 1982 and 1986, the two states maintained a formal agreement which granted regulated fishing rights to Jamaican vessels within the
1924:
1879:
1919:
1874:
1136:
1101:
1939:
731:
1934:
768:
496:
1884:
1849:
1109:
965:
947:
1909:
1904:
1739:
1347:
455:
The reef was first shown on Dutch maps dating to 1634 but was given its present name in 1654. Bajo Nuevo was rediscovered by the
English
1128:
859:
67:
1306:
127:
1091:
583:
571:
attached to the treaty as "Colombia's territorial sea in Serranilla and Bajo Nuevo". The agreement came into force in March 1994.
1701:
1191:
1168:
479:
Bajo Nuevo Bank is about 26 km (16 mi) long and 9 km (5.6 mi) wide. The satellite image shows two distinct
586:, exchanged with Colombia in March 1928. Nicaragua formally accepted the ICJ's 2012 ruling of Colombian sovereignty in a 2014
888:
691:
660:
579:
468:
1288:
385:
185:
1238:
980:
530:
1338:
1195:
1052:
1729:
798:
772:
1899:
957:
635:
825:
1266:
927:
Fishing agreement which permits regulated fishing rights to Jamaican vessels around Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks.
1944:
582:(ICJ), filing cases in both 2001 and 2007. The dispute originated in the debated validity and applicability of the
1000:
420:
1823:
500:
1719:
1132:
587:
1330:
520:
273:
996:
764:
1023:
559:
1477:
593:
The United States claim was made on 22 November 1869 by James W. Jennett under the provisions of the
1336:
Website with a map of San Andrés and Providencia, Serranilla Bank, Bajo Nuevo Bank and Rosalind Bank
1828:
1314:
512:
38:
1797:
1662:
544:
1252:
1065:
1043:
Topographic map of the Colombia-Jamaica Joint-Regime Area, with the two exclusion circles shown.
815:
Description and general history of the Department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.
730:(in Spanish). Colombian Government, Ministry of National Defence. February 2008. Archived from
1105:
961:
617:
594:
1140:
911:
697:(in Spanish). Colombian Government, Ministry of National Defence. August 1997. Archived from
1693:
1687:
1587:
856:
540:
363:
1380:
1351:
1342:
1310:
1303:
1292:
1270:
1172:
863:
832:
548:
516:
449:
47:
17:
1354: (archived 23 December 2010) – the website is related to San Andrés and Providencia.
1777:
1762:
1752:
1709:
1627:
1592:
568:
1843:
1782:
1757:
1667:
1572:
1532:
640:
464:
379:
333:
173:
1165:
881:
664:
1772:
1767:
1747:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1597:
866:– area is under the jurisdiction of Comando EspecĂfico de San AndrĂ©s y Providencia.
613:
603:
698:
1282:
1095:
951:
1787:
1724:
1547:
1462:
630:
459:
John Glover in 1660. The reef is now subject to a sovereignty dispute involving
1225:
Affirmation of Maritime Delimitation Treaty between Honduras and Colombia, 1999
1582:
1577:
1452:
1357:
1335:
1184:
414:
1365:
1013:
Review of the 1993 Maritime Delimitation Treaty between Colombia and Jamaica.
435:
422:
400:
387:
200:
187:
1672:
1637:
1542:
1517:
1031:
José Benito Vives de Andréis Marine and Coastal Research Institute (INVEMAR)
802:
788:
Photographs of Colombian lighthouses, with Bajo Nuevo Bank shown, pages 4–5.
574:
316:
1331:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bajo Nuevo Bank
801:(in Spanish). Government of the San Andrés Department. 2008. Archived from
519:. In most cases, the dispute stems from attempts by a state to expand its
467:. On 19 November 2012, in regard to Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the
1657:
1607:
1562:
1552:
1537:
1527:
1512:
1492:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1263:
1253:
Republic of Honduras: Political Constitution of 1982 through 2005 reforms
609:
526:
460:
264:
1950:
Islands of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
1677:
1652:
1557:
1497:
1472:
1442:
1432:
536:
299:
1612:
1567:
1507:
1482:
1437:
456:
1642:
1522:
1487:
598:
492:
480:
375:
1024:"Continental, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of Colombia, 1 of 36"
27:
Colombia-controlled uninhabited reef in the western Caribbean Sea
1714:
1647:
1602:
1502:
1153:
Lists Bajo Nuevo Bank as an insular area under U.S. sovereignty.
912:"Fishing Agreement Between Jamaica and the Republic of Colombia"
551:. Jamaica's signing of this treaty was regarded by critics as a
371:
1384:
1166:
Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972
714:
Legal status of the Banks of Serranilla and Bajo Nuevo, page 8.
826:"Mapa Oficial Fronteras Terrestriales y Maritima Convenciones"
487:
53:
539:'s claim has been resolved since entering into a number of
665:"Territorial and maritime dispute (Nicaragua vs Colombia)"
567:
coastal waters. The exclusion circles were defined in the
531:
Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
844:
An official map of Colombian borders, with treaty dates.
1870:
International territorial disputes of the United States
857:
Armada de la RepĂşblica de Colombia: Forces and Commands
529:
currently claims the area as part of the department of
1066:"Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute"
999:, SecretarĂa del Senado. February 1994. Archived from
1890:
Caribbean islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act
1284:
The Republic of Nicaragua v. The Republic of Colombia
1053:
International Court of Justice: Nicaragua v. Colombia
558:
In November 1993, Colombia and Jamaica agreed upon a
499:
in February 2008. It is currently maintained by the
1814:
1796:
1738:
1700:
1686:
1425:
345:
340:
284:
272:
248:
240:
232:
224:
216:
179:
169:
164:
156:
37:
1930:Uninhabited Caribbean islands of the United States
503:, and overseen by the state's Maritime Authority.
452:, located 110 kilometres (68 miles) to the west.
901:Nicaragua v. Colombia, Preliminary Objections.
1396:
1092:United States Government, Department of State
8:
32:
1374:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
953:International Maritime Boundaries, Vol. 2–3
758:"Grupo de SeñalizaciĂłn MarĂtima del Caribe"
448:. The closest neighbouring land feature is
1403:
1389:
1381:
1239:Treaty between Colombia and Honduras, 1986
686:
684:
31:
1264:The American Society of International Law
876:
874:
872:
1411:Political divisions of the United States
799:"Historia del Departamento Archipiélago"
597:. Most claims made by the U.S. over the
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
652:
134:
104:
74:
1304:Nicaragua-Honduras Territorial Dispute
1185:"Application of the U.S. Constitution"
1129:"Acquisition Process of Insular Areas"
1123:
1121:
1360:– lists the bank under United States.
1201:from the original on 16 February 2008
1097:A Digest of International Law, Vol. 8
948:American Society of International Law
7:
981:Colombia Jamaica Joint Regime Treaty
833:Instituto Geográfico AgustĂn Codazzi
117:Show map of San Andrés y Providencia
1895:Atolls of the North Atlantic Ocean
1865:Insular areas of the United States
1366:"Lighthouses of Northern Colombia"
882:"Territorial and Maritime Dispute"
511:Bajo Nuevo Bank is the subject of
25:
1915:Territorial disputes of Nicaragua
1860:Disputed islands of South America
1855:Disputed islands of North America
1348:Aerial picture of Bajo Nuevo Bank
1955:Colombia–United States relations
1925:Territorial disputes of Colombia
1880:Uninhabited islands of Nicaragua
326:
309:
292:
257:
133:
126:
103:
96:
73:
66:
46:
1920:Territorial disputes of Jamaica
1875:Uninhabited islands of Colombia
1212:Nuevo Bank as an insular area.
917:. United Nations. November 1982
1935:Uninhabited islands of Jamaica
1419:List of states and territories
889:International Court of Justice
661:International Court of Justice
580:International Court of Justice
469:International Court of Justice
374:with some small grass-covered
1:
1885:Islands of the West Caribbean
1850:Caribbean islands of Colombia
1100:. Washington, United States:
52:Image of Bajo Nuevo from the
1273:– see map at top of article.
1190:. United States Government,
769:Ministry of National Defence
1910:Reefs of the Atlantic Ocean
1905:Atolls of the United States
1806:List of Indian reservations
958:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
636:List of Guano Island claims
523:over the surrounding seas.
370:), is a small, uninhabited
244:Unnamed location on Low Cay
1971:
1940:Colombia–Jamaica relations
1137:Department of the Interior
1102:Government Printing Office
771:. May 2008. Archived from
279:San Andres and Providencia
18:History of Bajo Nuevo Bank
1816:International concessions
1416:
1309:27 September 2009 at the
1192:General Accounting Office
1070:www.constituteproject.org
956:. Boston, United States:
547:of Bajo Nuevo and nearby
378:, located in the western
323:
306:
289:
253:
220:26 km (16.2 mi)
60:
45:
39:Disputed reef and islands
1720:Northern Mariana Islands
1370:The Lighthouse Directory
1341:2 September 2017 at the
1269:2 September 2009 at the
1133:United States Government
993:"Sentencia No. C-045/94"
862:2 September 2017 at the
588:constitutional amendment
562:treaty establishing the
368:Bajo Nuevo, Islas Petrel
584:Esguerr–Bárcenas treaty
521:exclusive economic zone
228:9 km (5.6 mi)
1291:9 October 2011 at the
1055:– Press Release, 2001.
997:Government of Colombia
367:
233:Highest elevation
1090:Moore, John Bassett;
560:maritime delimitation
87:Show map of Caribbean
765:Colombian Government
541:bilateral agreements
515:made by a number of
358:, also known as the
236:2 m (7 ft)
147:Show map of Colombia
1798:Indian reservations
1730:U.S. Virgin Islands
1315:American University
1171:24 May 2011 at the
946:Charney, Jonathan;
507:Territorial dispute
497:Ministry of Defence
486:The most prominent
432: /
397: /
197: /
34:
1900:Atolls of Colombia
725:"Contract No. 153"
545:territorial waters
513:conflicting claims
241:Highest point
1945:Reefs of Colombia
1837:
1836:
1313:De Mar, Rebecca.
1194:. November 1997.
1111:978-1-4432-8111-9
967:978-90-411-0345-1
704:on 9 October 2011
618:maritime boundary
595:Guano Islands Act
564:Joint Regime Area
436:15.850°N 78.633°W
401:15.883°N 78.633°W
353:
352:
201:15.883°N 78.633°W
16:(Redirected from
1962:
1740:Outlying islands
1694:Washington, D.C.
1688:Federal district
1405:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1318:
1301:
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1280:
1274:
1261:
1255:
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1208:
1206:
1200:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1143:on 14 April 2012
1139:. Archived from
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1115:
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1080:
1078:
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1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
989:
983:
978:
972:
971:
960:. p. 2616.
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928:
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729:
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713:
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703:
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688:
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674:
669:
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517:sovereign states
447:
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437:
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137:
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118:
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88:
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50:
35:
21:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1810:
1792:
1734:
1696:
1682:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1364:Rowlett, Russ.
1363:
1352:Wayback Machine
1343:Wayback Machine
1327:
1322:
1321:
1311:Wayback Machine
1302:
1298:
1293:Wayback Machine
1286:, CCJ Case File
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1277:
1271:Wayback Machine
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1173:Wayback Machine
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1146:
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1104:. p. 788.
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1021:
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1004:
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990:
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918:
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909:
905:
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891:. December 2007
884:
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864:Wayback Machine
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694:
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659:
658:
654:
649:
627:
612:, prior to its
549:Serranilla Bank
509:
477:
450:Serranilla Bank
441:15.850; -78.633
440:
438:
434:
431:
426:
423:
421:
419:
418:
406:15.883; -78.633
405:
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356:Bajo Nuevo Bank
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206:15.883; -78.633
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141:Bajo Nuevo Bank
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111:Bajo Nuevo Bank
108:
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81:Bajo Nuevo Bank
78:
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33:Bajo Nuevo Bank
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1824:Guantanamo Bay
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1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
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1800:
1794:
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1780:
1778:Navassa Island
1775:
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1763:Johnston Atoll
1760:
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1753:Howland Island
1750:
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1742:
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1710:American Samoa
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1593:North Carolina
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1325:External links
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1228:
1214:
1176:
1155:
1117:
1110:
1082:
1057:
1045:
1015:
1003:on 7 July 2011
995:(in Spanish).
984:
973:
966:
929:
903:
868:
846:
817:
805:on 7 July 2011
790:
778:on 7 July 2011
763:(in Spanish).
749:
737:on 7 July 2011
716:
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650:
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644:
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623:
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501:Colombian Navy
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360:Petrel Islands
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1783:Palmyra Atoll
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1758:Jarvis Island
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641:Rosalind Bank
639:
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599:guano islands
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465:United States
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380:Caribbean Sea
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174:Caribbean Sea
172:
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159:
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129:
99:
69:
59:
55:
49:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
1773:Midway Atoll
1768:Kingman Reef
1748:Baker Island
1725:Puerto Rico
1633:South Dakota
1623:Rhode Island
1618:Pennsylvania
1598:North Dakota
1369:
1317:, June 2002.
1299:
1283:
1278:
1259:
1250:(in Spanish)
1245:
1236:(in Spanish)
1231:
1222:(in Spanish)
1217:
1203:. Retrieved
1179:
1163:(in Spanish)
1158:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1096:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1048:
1035:. Retrieved
1018:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
987:
976:
952:
919:. Retrieved
906:
893:. Retrieved
854:(in Spanish)
849:
836:. Retrieved
820:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
793:
780:. Retrieved
773:the original
752:
739:. Retrieved
732:the original
719:
706:. Retrieved
699:the original
671:. Retrieved
655:
614:ratification
608:
604:insular area
592:
573:
563:
557:
552:
535:
525:
510:
485:
478:
454:
359:
355:
354:
341:Demographics
255:
29:
1788:Wake Island
1702:Territories
1548:Mississippi
1463:Connecticut
1075:13 December
1037:22 December
1007:22 November
921:20 November
895:17 November
809:20 December
782:16 November
708:22 December
673:27 November
631:Alice Shoal
439: /
404: /
204: /
180:Coordinates
157:Other names
1844:Categories
1663:Washington
1583:New Mexico
1578:New Jersey
1453:California
1205:13 January
1147:13 January
838:25 October
741:23 October
647:References
415:lighthouse
346:Population
285:Claimed by
274:Department
1673:Wisconsin
1638:Tennessee
1543:Minnesota
1518:Louisiana
692:"Anexo 7"
575:Nicaragua
475:Geography
413:, with a
317:Nicaragua
165:Geography
1829:Pituffik
1658:Virginia
1608:Oklahoma
1588:New York
1563:Nebraska
1553:Missouri
1538:Michigan
1528:Maryland
1513:Kentucky
1493:Illinois
1468:Delaware
1458:Colorado
1448:Arkansas
1339:Archived
1307:Archived
1289:Archived
1267:Archived
1196:Archived
1169:Archived
1094:(1906).
950:(2004).
860:Archived
663:(2012).
625:See also
610:Honduras
602:bank an
553:de facto
527:Colombia
463:and the
461:Colombia
265:Colombia
170:Location
1678:Wyoming
1653:Vermont
1558:Montana
1498:Indiana
1478:Georgia
1473:Florida
1443:Arizona
1433:Alabama
1350:at the
537:Jamaica
427:78°38′W
424:15°51′N
392:78°38′W
389:15°53′N
364:Spanish
300:Jamaica
192:78°38′W
189:15°53′N
1613:Oregon
1568:Nevada
1508:Kansas
1483:Hawaii
1438:Alaska
1426:States
1114:. p77.
1108:
1033:. 2001
964:
457:pirate
376:islets
331:
314:
297:
262:
217:Length
1643:Texas
1523:Maine
1488:Idaho
1199:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
1027:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
885:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
761:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
616:of a
569:chart
493:coral
481:atoll
225:Width
1715:Guam
1648:Utah
1603:Ohio
1503:Iowa
1207:2008
1149:2008
1106:ISBN
1077:2023
1039:2009
1009:2009
962:ISBN
923:2009
897:2009
840:2009
811:2009
784:2009
743:2009
710:2009
675:2012
372:reef
488:cay
382:at
54:ISS
1846::
1372:.
1368:.
1135:,
1131:.
1120:^
1068:.
1029:.
932:^
887:.
871:^
831:.
767:,
683:^
606:.
590:.
366::
1404:e
1397:t
1390:v
1376:.
1209:.
1151:.
1079:.
1041:.
1011:.
925:.
899:.
842:.
813:.
786:.
745:.
712:.
677:.
362:(
349:0
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
