Knowledge (XXG)

History of Braathens (1994–2004)

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the Flag of Norway on the tailplane. Prior to the rebranding, no airline in Norway had ever operated a two-class service on domestic flights—including SAS. Professor of Sociology Per Morten Schiefloe commented that the introduction of segregation of passengers offended passengers. Customers who previously had been paying full price, became more aware of the savings on using 'Back' tickets. At the same time, people who wanted to travel with discounted tickets felt that they got better service and were not treated as second-rate customers with SAS. This caused Braathens to lose customers at both ends. The rebranding itself not only cost money to initiate, but also increased operating expenses, because cabin crew needed to move the curtain depending on the number of passengers on each class. Planes were sometimes delayed for hours, particularly in the beginning of the service, due to the increased work load on the handling and cabin crew.
162:. The plans from the EU indicated that international routes within EU should be deregulated from 1 January 1993, with Norway and Sweden joining from 1 July. Full, domestic liberalization should be performed by 1 April 1997. SAS and Braathens SAFE proposed a solution where only Norwegian airlines could compete until 1997, which was thought to efficiently hinder other airlines, rather than these two, until then. SAS announced its support for competition on 4 February 1993, while Braathens SAFE stated that it no longer was in favor of competition, despite having arguing for this for the whole of the company's history. The company stated that stability was needed and that competition would result in marginalized routes, that were being cross-subsidized, being closed. SAS stated that with competition, prices would fall 20–30%, and that SAS wanted to operate with a loss to force Braathens SAFE close services. 734:
August, the Competition Authority declared that SAS was not allowed to purchase Braathens; the ruling was appealed by SAS and Braathens. Analysts stated that Braathens could be bankrupt by the time the appeal was processed. The Competition Authority stated that their denial of the take-over was that the reduction of capacity would remove the airline's incentive to provide discounted tickets, because they would not have to use them to capture travelers with lower willingness to pay from the competitor, and that they would not need low-paying customers to fill up the vacant seats. Instead, the authority wanted the politicians to reduce the taxes on flights. While Braathens also was opposed to the tax, they felt that removing it then was too late to save the company.
676:. He introduced the program Improve 800, that was to improve the bottom line with NOK 800 million. In February 1999, Braathens merged the Swedish division with Malmö Aviation, to create Braathens Malmö Aviation. At the same time, the airline removed the 'Best' and 'Back' scheme on domestic Swedish flights. In November, Braathens terminated all services in Sweden that were inherited from Transwede. The Fokker 100 aircraft and Boeing 737-300 aircraft were sold, and the service from Oslo to Stockholm taken over by the company's Norwegian department. Malmö Aviation retained on flights from Stockholm-Bromma to Gothenburg and Malmö, as well as to London City. In addition, a Stockholm to 482:, complimentary in-flight drinks, meals and newspapers, priority boarding and refundable tickets. The 'Back' section was for discount ticket holders, who received a no-frills service with a smaller seat pitch, and were located at the back of the aircraft behind a curtain. Best tickets became NOK 300 more expensive, while it became easier to purchase discounted tickets. The scheme was, according to Erik G. Braathen, an attempt to differentiate between the full-fare customers, with whom Braathens was competing with SAS, and the low-fare customers, who Braathens was competing with Ryanair and the to-be established 214: 726:
Braathens. The deal with SAS was initiated by Braathens; they stated that this would allow the two companies to cooperate to eliminate the overcapacity in the domestic market. Because both airlines operated a fleet of Boeing 737 aircraft, about NOK 150 million could be saved in maintenance. The agreement also involved that Malmö Aviation would have to be sold before the take-over. If not, the Braathens family would purchase the airline for NOK 1. At the same time, the family-owned companies guaranteed for about NOK 1 billion in the Swedish subsidiary.
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The purchase of Transwede was confirmed on 25 June; Braathens SAFE bought 50% of the company's scheduled division, Transwede Airways, with an option to purchase the rest in 1997. The companies planned to integrate their networks, to allow connection between Braathens SAFE's and Transwede flights at Stockholm. Services to Stockholm started on 6 November; after three months, the airline had captured 14% of the Oslo–Stockholm market. In 1996, Braathens SAFE had a 51% domestic market share in Norway, transporting 9.5 million passengers.
498: 185:, both proposed a merger between Braathens SAFE and SAS, to ensure that the company had a 100% market share on the primary routes before the merger. This would, according to them, secure that no foreign company could compete with the merged company. The proposal was rejected by Braathens SAFE's management. Still, negotiations started between the companies in 1992, although they were quickly abandoned. The press reported the price of Braathens SAFE to be NOK 1.2 billion, but that this had been rejected as too expensive by SAS. 600: 354: 406: 742:. He further stated that a monopoly was the best for society, the passengers and the employees. He also stated that if the appeal failed, he had a "Plan B", involving a much smaller airline that would compete with SAS on the main routes. From October, the airline terminated its service to Milan and reduced capacity on some domestic routes; this removed the need for two aircraft. In addition, the airline increased all ticket prices with 5%, due to higher insurance costs. 197:. Bjørn G. Braathen stated that the company had bought the new aircraft based on the belief that deregulation would occur in 1997, giving the airline time to pay more of the debt. On 2 June 1993, with 76 against 18 votes, parliament voted to deregulate the domestic airline market from 1 April 1994. It was supported by the Labor, Conservative and Progress Party. With this, Norway became the third country in Europe to fully deregulate, after Sweden and the United Kingdom. 761: 779:
all routes were taken over by Braathens, with exception of a few flights made by SAS to Tromsø and Bodø. SAS also withdrew their flights from Oslo to Kristiansand and Ålesund, and Braathens increased their frequency on the route. Braathens retained the routes it had flown where SAS had not formerly flown. Braathens also kept the international flights to Barcelona, Nice, Málaga and Alicante. This reduced the overcapacity in the market, and allowed the
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identical on all the routes where both airlines flew, although they were not allowed to make such cooperation with discounted tickets. During the crisis, Braathens had sold several aircraft and started leasing them back to gain liquidity. The company announced in 2000 that they were considering purchasing a smaller type of aircraft, that would replace the 737s on some routes, and that would allow Braathens to start operating the
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would start flying five round trips from Oslo to Stavanger on 1 October, following the delivery of their fourth aircraft. At the same time, the airline would reduce the number of round trips to Ålesund from four to two. In January 1999, Braathens applied to register twenty of its Norwegian aircraft in Sweden, following their discovery that foreign-registered aircraft, such as Color Air's and SAS', did not have to pay
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particular the large corporations with divisions in several cities, were demanding high frequencies on the routes. Color Air could get by with fewer departures, because they mainly targeted the leisure segment. In particular, the routes from Oslo to Ålesund and Kristiansand had a very low seat utilization; to Ålesund there were 1.2 million flown seats annually, but only 345,000 passengers, giving a 29% cabin load.
22: 127:. The availability of slots increased the frequency of flights for all three airlines to an unsustainable level. After a year, Color Air was bankrupt, but Braathens had suffered large losses, and terminated many routes, including all services in Sweden. In 2001, the airline was bought by SAS, and the following year the two coordinated their services so as not to compete. On 1 May 2004, they merged to create 714: 301:. In 1995, Braathens SAFE had a revenue of NOK 4 billion, with a profit of NOK 242 million. The same year, Transwede had lost NOK 200 million with a revenue of NOK 1.2 billion. The company had been split in two, a charter and a scheduled company, and Braathens SAFE started negotiating to purchase the scheduled company. Transwede's scheduled services were at the time form 289: 697:
were reduced from five to three round trips, and the Bergen–Molde–Trondheim route was reduced from four to three. The capacity on the routes from Oslo to Molde and Kristiansund were increased. A second round trip was introduced from Stavanger to Newcastle, flown by Norwegian Air Shuttle. From 15 February, the airline introduced four weekly services from Oslo to
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Kristiansand. The number of daily trips from Oslo for SAS increased from 59 to over 80. In total, the three companies increased their daily round trip from 138 to 200, and the daily seat capacity from 18,000 to 26,000. Ålesund had the largest increase, from seven daily round trips with only Braathens, to seventeen offered by all three companies.
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28 June there were also two daily round trips to Bodø. SAS increased its services on the routes from Oslo to Stavanger and Trondheim, and from Bergen to Stavanger. The liberalization did not result in a price war, and prices remained constant. The following two years, Braathens SAFE also introduced scheduled international flights to
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airlines for state-employed civil servants' flights. Instead, they introduced an annual tender for the routes. It was awarded to SAS, who also won all subsequent tenders. For Braathens SAFE, this meant that state-employed civil servants only flew on routes where SAS did not fly. The contract was worth NOK 500 million for SAS.
425:, that had been created the previous year. Braathens SAFE had also been in negotiations with British Airways. The agreement involved KLM purchasing a 30% stake in Braathens SAFE from Ludvig G. Braathens Rederi for NOK 800 million. In addition, Braathens SAFE started flying from several Norwegian cities to KLM's main 834:. Because all the operations streamlined and coordinated, there would be no further downstaffing due to the merger. From 1 June 2007, SAS Braathens was rebranded to Scandinavian Airlines, making it identical to the branding in Sweden and Denmark, although it remain a separate limited company named SAS Norge AS. 821:
By 2004, Braathens had managed to cut costs sufficiently to make a profit. At the same time, SAS was having problems making a profit. SAS announced on 10 March 2004 that SAS and Braathens would be merged into a single company, SAS Braathens, in May. At the same time, the airline would create separate
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On 2 April 2002, SAS and Braathens split all the routes between them. SAS started flying on the main-haul routes from Oslo to Trondheim, Bergen and Stavanger, with only a few flights to Stavanger flown by Braathens to get planes to the technical base there. From Oslo and Trondheim to Northern Norway,
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In September 1999, SAS announced that if Braathens took the first step to reduce capacity between Bergen and Oslo, they would follow immediately to reduce the overcapacity in the combined 37 daily departures. However, Braathens was not willing to reduce. On 15 September, Color Air announced that they
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On 18 June, Braathens SAFE announced that starting on 27 October, the company put one aircraft into service on the route from Oslo to Stockholm. SAS had at the time fifteen round trips on the route, and Braathens planned to introduce seven. The route was considered one of the most profitable for SAS.
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On 25 November 2000, Braathens terminated the route to Murmansk. On 2 January 2001, they also terminated the routes from Molde to Kristiansand and from Kristiansand to Trondheim, the routes to Røros from Trondheim and Oslo, and the services from Oslo to Newcastle. The routes from Bergen to Haugesund
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encouraged its 800,000 members to not fly with Braathens due to the introduction of a segregated classes. SAS did not follow the same policy, and offered its discounted customers to travel in the same class as Braathens', including complimentary service. After introduction, the concept increased the
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On 1 April, Braathens SAFE increased the number of services. The daily number of flights from Oslo to Bergen increased to nine, and the airline introduced four new services to Northern Norway from Oslo: two each to Tromsø and Harstad/Narvik. Later, the frequency to Tromsø increased to four, and from
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To meet the free market situation, the company's management introduced measures to keep costs low. On 19 August 1993, ten of eleven trade unions agreed to a three-year wage contract, which contained bonuses for all employees based on the company's profit. The cabin crew's union had a two-day strike,
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The 'Best' and 'Back' service was highly criticized by analysts and customers. Braathens SAFE had a strong image, and unlike SAS, that was branded as 'The Businessman's Airline', Braathens SAFE was seen as the people's airline. It also drew goodwill from being Norwegian-owned, and that it displayed
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service was started. In 1999, Braathens lost SEK 300 million in Sweden, bringing the total loss of Braathens Swedish operations since 1996 to SEK 600 million. At the same time, Braathens terminated its services from Sandefjord to Stavanger and Bergen, and the route from Oslo to Haugesund.
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On 27 September 1999, Color Air terminated all flights and ceased operations. On the day of the termination, the stock price of Braathens increased by 16%. Immediately following the bankruptcy, the two airlines increased their prices. Subsequently, Braathens increased their ticket price by 15%, but
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aircraft for NOK 1.5 billion. These aircraft would be delivered in 1998, prior to the opening of the new airport at Gardermoen. In addition, the airline had an option for additional ten planes to be delivered after 2000. In 1997, Transwede started replacing its Fokker 100s with Boeing 737s. In
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equipment at Ålesund, resulting in the plane being stuck at the airport. By the end of 1998, it became clear that Braathens had increased capacity with 20%, but only achieved a 5.2% ridership increase after the opening of Gardermoen. Similar numbers were applicable for SAS. The business market, in
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from 9 to 5%. Braathens followed, reducing from 8 to 5% from 1 January 1998. However, to try to attract more business passengers, the airline retained the 8% commission on their international routes. At the same time, the Government of Norway abandoned its old regime of negotiating prices with the
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Prior to a government report being presented on 30 March 1993, SAS had launched 1 November 1993 as their preferred date of free competition, while Braathens SAFE had launched 1 April 1997 as their preferred date. Braaathens SAFE was worried that the high debt the company had due to the purchase of
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for the who company. However, due to an agreement about converting debt into share capital, the company was sold for SEK 13 million. With the take-over, the company changed its name to Braathens Sverige AB. At the same time, management announced that they planned to replace all the company's
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In 1995, Braathens signed agreements with many of the large companies in Norway as a prioritized airline. Several of the contracts had been secured by the airline offering discounts to the companies in exchange for not allowing their customers to collect frequent flyer points. SAS had not allowed
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on routes that were not profitable. To finance these, a NOK 10 fee would be charged on all primary routes. The cost of collecting this fee was so high that SAS and Braathens SAFE announced it was cheaper to continue to fly to the unprofitable airports. Braathens SAFE stated that their routes
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During 1999, domestic air ticket prices increased 9.2%, and another 17% the following year. By 2001, the domestic capacity was below the level before Gardermoen opened. Braathens and SAS started cooperating to set the full-price tickets on routes to eleven cities. This meant that the prices were
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Color Air started with flights from Gardermoen on 1 August, two months before the airport opened. Gardermoen was taken into use on 8 October by SAS and Braathens. Both immediately increased the number of flights. Braathens established a route to Haugesund, while SAS started routes to Ålesund and
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From 1 April, a new NOK 65 tax was introduced on all domestic flights. Braathens and SAS decided to divide the cross-subsidize the taxes between their routes, something Color Air was not able to do. This was because the tax was only valid for routes within Southern Norway; Braathens and SAS
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By then, SAS had taken sixteen aircraft out of service, reduced production with 12% and fired 1,000 employees. The airline stated that they wished to renegotiate the agreement with the Braathens family and KLM to reduce the price. Because there had arisen a situation with high over-capacity of
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CEO Arne A. Jensen stated to the press that he felt that the cause of the problems were made in 1993, when the airline failed to make the correct choices in relation to the deregulation. He stated that he felt that part of the cause was that KLM and the Braathens family had cancelled a planned
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announced that since the new company would have all domestic scheduled services between primary airports, it was unlikely that the take-over would receive permission from them. However, it was stated that one solution could be that the companies discontinue their frequent flyer programs. On 20
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On 21 May 2001, SAS and Braathens announced that KLM and Braathens Rederi had agreed to sell their 69% stake in Braathens for NOK 800 million to SAS—valuating Braathens to NOK 1.1 billion. Braathens had contacted British Airways, but they had stated that they did not wish to purchase
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On 23 October 2001, the Competition Authority granted permission for SAS to purchase Braathens. The rationale was that there were no other realistic purchasers for the airline, and that a bankruptcy was imminent without the take-over. As a condition, the authority decided to regulate a ban on
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on good sold on board. This was rejected by the Norwegian Armed Forces, who based their need of transport of military personnel during wartime on requisition of civilian, Norwegian-registered aircraft. The same month, Geir Olsen, head of Braathens in Sweden, withdrew from his position, due to
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with an abstract, silver wing, that became the company's new logo. The re-branding was an attempt to create an international identity, and tone down the Norwegian national symbols that had been on the airplanes since 1946. At the same time, a two-class configuration was introduced: the 'Best'
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in the United States. This service was terminated in October. The Northwest service had a connection to Stockholm as well as a new route from Oslo to Gothenburg, operated by Braathens. After Northwest announced the withdrawal of their service, the Gothenburg service was also terminated.
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announced increased activity to Scandinavia, based in part on a cooperation with Braathens SAFE concerning their frequently flyer program; holders of Bracard were allowed to collect frequent flyer points on British Airways' flights. On 3 April, Braathens SAFE, Transwede and
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would become an agent for Braathens SAFE, and the company hoped that 40% of the sales on the route would be sold in the United Kingdom. The agreement also involved a codesharing agreement with AirUK, including some onwards flights from London, notably the route to
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could collect points from the other airlines. But from 1 July, the awarding of frequent flyer miles on domestic flights was no longer permitted. From 1 April 2003, the West Coast routes, which had been on contract with Norwegian Air Shuttle, were taken over by
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to increase the prices to Northern Norway, and thereby subsidize their routes in Southern Norway. Color Air on the other hand would be forced to put the full tax on all its departures. While the government had no way to hinder the incumbents from doing this,
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jets. In 1997, it had 772,000 passengers, 450 employees, a revenue of SEK 900 million and a profit of SEK 40 million. The airline cost SEK 600 million and the deal gave Braathens and Malmö Aviation a 25% domestic market share in Sweden.
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their routes. Through the regulations, the airlines had agreed to fly to unprofitable airports, in exchange for making higher profits on other routes. With free competition, this would not be followed, and the authorities announced the introduction of
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stated that this had nothing to do with the elimination of competition, since the price increase was not on any Oslo routes. In November, Braathens started to remove routes, and announced they would increase prices by 20%. They also reintroduced the
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work load on handing employees, who needed to check the passengers' tickets to ensure they sat in the right class. There were also complaints from Best-passengers who felt that they were receiving worse service after the scheme was introduced.
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on the tail, which since the rebranding had been replaced by a silver, abstract wing. Both Braathens and SAS lost more than NOK 1 billion in 1999, totaling the cost of the price war between the three airlines to exceed NOK 3 billion.
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In 1996, Braathens SAFE started negotiations to purchase the Swedish airline Transwede Airways from its owners, Transpool. After SAS had bought Linjeflyg, Transwede had become the second-largest domestic airline in Sweden, operating five
437:. In addition, the partnership involved a coordination of scheduling, prices, frequent flyer programs, corporate customer agreements, maintenance and procurement. The partnership also involved cooperation with the American airline 325:, plus a service from Luleå to Sundsvall. It had a 13% market share, transporting 800,000 people in 1995, and had been through a major restructuring the year before, where the fleet had been reduced from seven to five aircraft. 114:
In 1998, the airline changed its name to Braathens and introduced two-class cabins. Full-fare passengers traveled in the "Best"-class, while discounted travelers traveled in the "Back"-class. It also bought the Swedish airline
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aircraft, the value of planes had fallen. In addition, SAS demanded that Braathens reduce its fleet from 33 to 23 aircraft if the deal was to go through, threatening to terminate the purchase if the airline did not abide.
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Starting in March, Braathens SAFE took over KLM's routes from Stavanger to Amsterdam, and started a new route from Trondheim to Amsterdam. From 26 March 1998, Braathens SAFE moved its flights to London from Gatwick to
802:. All SAS employees would be prioritized in the rationalization process, and 800 Braathens employees were laid off. Three hundred Braathens' employees were offered jobs with SAS Ground Services, but these lost their 624:
In November 1998, Color Air introduced a new cheapest ticket for NOK 345. After the winter settled, the ice front between Color Air and Braathens grew colder following Braathens' denying Color Air to use their
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because it was using retired Braathens SAFE pilots to fly Transwede aircraft, due to Transwede not having certified pilots for their new Boeing 737-300. Braathens SAFE stated that this was within the rules of the
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In late 1998 and early 1999, KLM and Braathens introduced direct flights from Sandefjord and Kristiansand to Amsterdam. Braathens also started flights from Sandefjord to Stavanger and Bergen. On 1 May 1999,
592:, encouraged the airlines to not "cheat", and follow the intentions of the law, even if he admitted that there was nothing the government could do to hinder the airlines from cross-subsidizing. 806:. No employees in SAS lost their jobs. The case ended in the courts, where 369 former Braathens employees sued SAS to receive the same seniority as they had in Braathens. On 15 October 2003, 449:. At the same time, it announced that the number of daily services from Oslo to London would increase from one to three, following the opening of Gardermoen. In addition, KLM-partner 421:. The partnership replaced the agreement with British Airways, and became active in 1998. Analysts stated that the partnership came as a reaction to SAS' alliance with Lufthansa, the 822:
national airlines for Sweden and Denmark. SAS Braathens would operate 50 aircraft, all variations of the 737. The company took over the operating licence of Braathens, including the
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During the discussion about deregulation, Braathens SAFE considered several possibilities to strengthen itself. In particular, it had discussions with the large European airlines
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On 23 March 1998, Braathens SAFE changed its name and corporate identity to Braathens. It introduced a new livery with a blue bottom, and replaced the Norwegian flag on the
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The deregulation process, which would eliminate the need for concessions for routes, was driven by Norway's application for membership of the EU. This was supported by the
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about an alliance, but these were rejected by Braathens SAFE, stating that the agreements were all about getting traffic to the partner's hub. Minister of Transport,
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decided that only 42 of the employees, those working in Kristiansund and Molde, had right to keep their seniority. The case was appealed, and on 18 March 2005,
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frequent flyer programs, and stated that it would ban cross-subsidization aimed at underbidding or operating at a loss to force new entrants out of the market.
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on Finnair's flights from Stockholm and Oslo to Helsinki, Bracard members would be granted points on Finnair flights, and Braathens SAFE took over Finnair's
2768: 814:, with four against three votes, decided in favor of SAS, denying the employees their claim. The matter was not settled until 31 January 2006, when the 441:. In 1997, Braathens SAFE and Transwede had a revenue of NOK 5.4 billion and made a profit of NOK 206 million, down 88 million from 1996. 258:. However, Braathens SAFE terminated their routes from Bergen to Bodø, Harstad/Narvik and Tromsø, making the passengers switch planes in Trondheim. 226:
before reaching an agreement. At the same time, the company needed NOK 400 million in share capital. Braathens Rederi sold the sister company
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From 25 June 2000, the company also terminated its Oslo to Stockholm route. Instead, the planes were put into service to Málaga and Alicante.
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for NOK 225 million on 30 September 1993, and the money was used to buy Braathens SAFE stock. The company raised further capital in an
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Eliassen, Haakon E. H. (13 February 1999). "Braathens endrer omstridt prissystem for flyreisende Klasseskille i Norge, ikke i Sverige".
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route. The following year, Transwede, with its five domestic routes, was merged into Braathens SAFE. The same year,
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Rapp, Ole Magnus (23 January 1999). "Braathens utflagging til Sverige kan bli stoppet Forsvaret trenger flyene".
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Valderhaug, Rune (20 January 1994). "Braathen vil ikke fly direkte Bergen Nord-Norge" (in Norwegian). p. 6.
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is free to operate any domestic or international route. Braathens rejected a proposal from the main competitor
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replaced Fornebu as the airline's main hub, and a price war started against SAS and the new low-cost airline
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Lillesund, Geir (10 March 2004). "Lindegaard: – Vi plukker det beste fra SAS og Braathens" (in Norwegian).
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Sandvik, Bodil K. (16 April 1998). "Braathens skal se nærmere på sitt "Back-Best"-konsept" (in Norwegian).
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Lillesund, Geir (15 November 2000). "Braathens fortsetter omleggingen – kutter kortruter" (in Norwegian).
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On 24 April 2002, SAS announced that all handling services operated by Braathens would be taken over by
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Lillesund, Geir (18 June 1996). "Braathens vil konkurrere med SAS på Stockholm-ruten" (in Norwegian).
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Sætre, Lars N. (12 March 1998). "Priskrig til glede for passasjerene: Kapasitetsboom på Gardermoen".
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Enghaug, Pål (22 December 1998). "Tøff konkurranse i luften i november: 45 av 100 flyseter tomme".
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Lillesund, Geir (30 March 1999). "Bare Braathens kutter ruter i sommerprogrammet" (in Norwegian).
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Boeing 737-400 in 2004; the Braathens livery is still in use, but with the subtext "Member of the
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Braathens Boeing 737-300 in hybrid Transwede livery—this was the only -300 operated by Braathens
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Lillesund, Geir (27 October 1999). "Braathens reduserer – og SAS følger etter" (in Norwegian).
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In 1997, Braathens changed its name and introduced a new livery, here seen on a Boeing 737-700
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On 18 August 1997, Braathens SAFE announced a strategic partnership with the Dutch airline
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Lillesund, Geir (3 March 1998). "Braathens med to klasser og nytt emblem" (in Norwegian).
1016: 656: 635: 576: 465: 373: 170: 139: 2531: 310: 2822: 1305: 994: 768: 673: 644: 581: 410: 144: 47:'s domestic market was deregulated on 1 April 1994. Since then, any airline within the 26: 2839: 2747: 2406: 1917: 765: 755: 422: 393: 242:
on 10 January 1994. After the listing, Braathens Rederi retained 69% of the company.
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Lillesund, Geir (14 June 2000). "Slutt for Braathens på Stockholm" (in Norwegian).
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Lillesund, Geir (5 August 1998). "Mange ledige seter Oslo-Ålesund" (in Norwegian).
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Dahl, Flemming (16 October 1999). "Braathens øker billettprisene for å overleve".
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On 1 April 1997, the European airline market was fully deregulated. At this time,
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were introduced. In 1996, Braathens SAFE bought Sweden's second-largest airline,
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Valderhaug, Rune (2 September 1999). "SAS vil ha færre avganger Bergen – Oslo".
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Ulv, Kirsten (22 May 1997). "Pensjonerte Braathens-piloter flyr for Transwede".
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On 18 December, Braathens SAFE bought the remaining half of Transwede, paying 2
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Lillesund, Geir (3 March 1998). "Braathens sprer seteavgiften" (in Norwegian).
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to Oslo. A direct service was introduced from Bergen to Alicante from 7 April.
1048:
Sæthre, Lars N. (4 February 1997). "Braathens kjøper fly for 1,5 milliarder".
661: 479: 357: 298: 2502: 2473: 2698: 1498: 1376: 1277:
Rapp, Ole Magnus (31 March 1998). "LO til kamp mot Braathens klasseskille".
803: 787: 780: 718: 698: 568: 550: 510: 483: 434: 318: 194: 166: 124: 104: 100: 44: 30: 1496:
Moberg, Knut (30 September 1999). "Gardermoen er flyselskapenes mareritt".
1455:
Sætre, Lars N.; Larsen, Trygve (28 July 1998). "Braathens og KLM mot SAS".
80: 2359: 2330: 2284: 2255: 2226: 2193: 2165: 2136: 2104: 2076: 2048: 2020: 1991: 1963: 1859: 1831: 1596:
Valderhaug, Rune (7 September 1999). "Braathens vil ikke kutte flyruter".
1117: 1031:
Schiefloe, Ingrid (22 February 1997). "Braathens SAFE er byråfavoritten".
486:. The scheme as first introduced on the first 737-700 that was delivered. 2722: 1357:
Ottesen, Gregers; Segrov, Bjørn (16 January 1998). "Starter flyselskap".
831: 314: 306: 267: 1342:"Braathens med 25 pst. av det svenske innenriks-marked" (in Norwegian). 1162:"Ny samarbeidsavtale skjerper flykonkurransen i Norden" (in Norwegian). 1728:
Dahl, Flemming (29 October 1999). "Braathens kutter, Widerøe utvider".
1408: 1245:
Ottesen, Gregers (8 January 1998). "Braathens satser tungt på London".
626: 378: 322: 263: 72: 68: 567:. They company aimed for a 15–20% domestic market share and was named 332:
On 3 February 1997, the airline announced it had ordered six 134-seat
455: 364:
In 1997, SAS announced that it was going to reduce its commission to
251: 111:
bought 30% of Braathens SAFE and the airlines started a partnership.
96: 84: 76: 16:
History of Braathens from domestic market deregulation to dissolution
2404:
Vestmo, Bjarne (14 February 2002). "Blir Norges travleste flyrute".
1099:
Sæthre, Lars N. (22 February 1997). "Slaget tapt for reisebyråene".
478:
section, accounting for 70% of the planes capacity, received higher
1677:
Steen, Knut B. (28 September 1999). "Til himmels på flyavvikling".
1711:
Dahl, Flemming (19 October 1999). "Braathens heiser flagg igjen".
1662:"Color-avviklingen: – Som en bombe på de ansatte" (in Norwegian). 1014:
Guhnfeldt, Cato (5 November 1996). "Arbeid & penger notiser".
759: 712: 655: 598: 496: 464: 450: 404: 352: 287: 212: 138: 20: 1513:"Braathens dropper Gøteborg-rute fra 29. august" (in Norwegian). 939:
Johnsen, Alf Bjarne (28 January 1995). "Bråstopp for fly-bonus".
2421:
Enghaug, Pål (29 April 2002). "SV snur – slutt for flybonusen".
255: 247: 92: 88: 2671: 1406:
Johannesen, Bjørn Erik (3 April 1998). "Flyavgift-Synnes 1-1".
210:
Haugesund–Bergen and Oslo–Røros–Trondheim were not profitable.
2562:
Valderhaug, Rune (9 March 2004). "Mens vi venter på nye SAS".
2455:
Tranøy, Torstein (1 February 2002). "Knusende kritikk av LO".
701:, and from 1 March, three weekly round trips to directly from 418: 174: 108: 2667: 2387:
Larsen, Trygve (1 February 2002). "Lander på delt løsning".
2312:
Dahl, Flemming (17 April 2002). "Lavprisselskap kan ta av".
1194:
Sæthre, Lars N. (9 August 1997). "Braathens og KLM tar av".
1145:
Sæthre, Lars N. (19 March 1997). "BA vil slåss i SAS-land".
1528:
Fonbæk, Dag (27 November 1998). "Color Air mister fargen".
2597:"SAS Braathens endrer navn til SAS Norge" (in Norwegian). 1645:
Ottesen, Gregers (21 January 1999). "Braathens-sjef går".
1545:
Nygard-Sture, Trond (29 November 1998). "Tulling-toppen".
87:
to these cities were terminated. International routes to
1177:
Tuv, Kirsten (19 December 1997). "Solgt for to kroner".
1228:
Ottesen, Gregers (14 February 1998). "Hard luftkamp".
1763:
Tuv, Kirsten (10 November 1999). "Dyr svenskelekse".
131:, that re-branded to Scandinavian Airlines in 2007. 2810: 2761: 2705: 786:For a short period, members of both Wings and SAS' 1891:Larsen, Trygve (13 October 2000). "Vil fly selv". 2049:"SAS og Braathens kan spare stort på vedlikehold" 1745:"Flyselskapene tapte milliarder" (in Norwegian). 672:On 23 July 1999, Braathens replaced its CEO with 532:. In addition, it served all three airports from 1825: 1823: 1758: 1756: 360:in combined Braathens and Malmö Aviation livery 337:May 1997, Braathens SAFE was criticized by the 783:to save between NOK 600 and 900 million. 2683: 2653:(in Norwegian). Sandefjord: Tjomsland Media. 1217:(in Norwegian). 13 February 1998. p. 11. 976:"Braathens kjøper Transwede" (in Norwegian). 8: 1380:(in Norwegian). 17 January 1998. p. 13. 997:(27 June 1996). "Braathens-raid i Sverige". 639:disagreements about the corporate strategy. 618:Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport 262:this scheme, and had lost companies such as 989: 987: 971: 969: 908: 906: 563:, announced that he would start a domestic 2690: 2676: 2668: 2640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2616:Tjomsland, Audun; Wilsberg, Kjell (1995). 2577: 2575: 2444:(in Norwegian). 29 March 2003. p. 40. 1065:"Nordmenn får svensk selskap på vingene". 2557: 2555: 1071:(in Norwegian). 18 June 1997. p. 35. 413:with special 50-year anniversary markings 2474:"Sviende nederlag for Braathens-ansatte" 962:(in Norwegian). 4 June 1996. p. 24. 2438:"SAS skal fly langs Vestlands-kysten". 848: 491:Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions 59:was sold and the company listed on the 2633: 2530:Fadnes, Ole-Morten (31 January 2006). 2254:Meyer, Henrik D. (28 September 2001). 1908:Scheifloe, Per Morten (22 June 2002). 33:livery before the company merged with 2503:"- En trist dag for norsk arbeidsliv" 2164:Hustadnes, Halldor (21 August 2001). 1613:"Color Air flyr mer" (in Norwegian). 1211:"Større overskudd i Braathens SAFE". 900:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 340–341 891:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 336–339 882:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 334–335 873:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 327–334 864:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 308–317 855:Tjomsland and Wilsberg, 1995: 320–322 344:Swedish Civil Aviation Administration 200:Both Braathens SAFE and SAS had been 7: 2283:Meyer, Henrik D. (23 October 2001). 1374:"Color Air utfordrer til luftslag". 516:On 17 August 1998, Braathens bought 339:Norwegian Airline Pilots Association 238:, and the company was listed on the 2618:Braathens SAFE 50 år: Mot alle odds 2472:Lindeberg, Anne (15 October 2003). 2329:Hoemsnes, Anita (23 October 2001). 1832:"Kraftig økning i norske flypriser" 559:, owner of the cruiseferry company 2532:"Full seier for Braathens-ansatte" 2501:Meyer, Henrik D. (18 March 2005). 2358:Larsen, Trygve (24 October 2001). 2256:"Braathens kutter – ingen slutter" 1860:"Braathens og SAS avtaler prisene" 1118:"Staten gir SAS milliardinntekter" 217:A Braathens employee working on a 14: 2225:Larsen, Trygve (24 August 2001). 2077:"SAS krevde garanti fra Braathen" 818:ruled in favor of the employees. 103:, and started flying on the Oslo– 2331:"Vil reforhandle Braathens-pris" 1830:Skaalmo, Siri (21 August 2001). 1116:Bjerke, Espen (21 August 2001). 55:(SAS) for a merger; instead the 1992:"BA ville ikke redde Braathens" 1617:. 17 September 1999. p. 2. 1296:"Studenter lures bak forhenget" 1294:Welde, Ole Bjørnar Loe (1998). 731:Norwegian Competition Authority 181:and director of SAS in Norway, 2856:History of companies of Norway 2227:"Skylder på Braathen-familien" 2145:(in Norwegian). 20 August 2001 2137:"Nekter SAS å kjøpe Braathens" 1921:(in Norwegian). Archived from 1304:(in Norwegian). Archived from 808:Asker and Bærum District Court 616:started flights to its hub at 505:, with planes from Braathens, 381:signed an agreement involving 250:, as well as summer routes to 63:. New routes were opened from 1: 2360:"SAS-ultimatum til Braathens" 2166:"Braathens under SAS' vinger" 2105:"SAS stiller bonus-ultimatum" 2019:Skaalmo, Siri (21 May 2001). 1964:"Braathens under SAS' vinger" 1962:Skaalmo, Siri (21 May 2001). 189:new aircraft would make them 2194:"Ber staten redde Braathens" 401:Partnership and new identity 53:Scandinavian Airlines System 35:Scandinavian Airlines System 2568:(in Norwegian). p. 24. 2461:(in Norwegian). p. 15. 2427:(in Norwegian). p. 26. 2410:(in Norwegian). p. 37. 2318:(in Norwegian). p. 23. 2085:(in Norwegian). 25 May 2001 2057:(in Norwegian). 30 May 2001 2000:(in Norwegian). 26 May 2001 1786:(in Norwegian). p. 18. 1769:(in Norwegian). p. 19. 1717:(in Norwegian). p. 36. 1700:(in Norwegian). p. 23. 1683:(in Norwegian). p. 37. 1651:(in Norwegian). p. 14. 1551:(in Norwegian). p. 24. 1534:(in Norwegian). p. 12. 1444:(in Norwegian). p. 46. 1412:(in Norwegian). p. 11. 1363:(in Norwegian). p. 10. 1200:(in Norwegian). p. 39. 1183:(in Norwegian). p. 17. 1151:(in Norwegian). p. 40. 1105:(in Norwegian). p. 13. 1088:(in Norwegian). p. 15. 1054:(in Norwegian). p. 46. 1037:(in Norwegian). p. 34. 1020:(in Norwegian). p. 10. 526:Göteborg Landvetter Airport 397:Fokker 100s with 737-300s. 2877: 2861:Aviation history of Norway 2733:Ludvig G. Braathens Rederi 2393:(in Norwegian). p. 4. 1734:(in Norwegian). p. 4. 1634:(in Norwegian). p. 3. 1602:(in Norwegian). p. 2. 1585:(in Norwegian). p. 9. 1568:(in Norwegian). p. 2. 1461:(in Norwegian). p. 7. 1283:(in Norwegian). p. 4. 1251:(in Norwegian). p. 6. 1234:(in Norwegian). p. 7. 1003:(in Norwegian). p. 3. 945:(in Norwegian). p. 5. 812:Borgarting Court of Appeal 753: 548: 501:The domestic concourse at 348:Joint Aviation Authorities 281: 207:public service obligations 2649:Tjomsland, Audun (2005). 2285:"SAS får kjøpe Braathens" 2021:"Braathens inviterte SAS" 956:"Ville kjøpe Transwede". 536:. The airline had eleven 303:Stockholm Arlanda Airport 1910:"Bye, bye, Braathens..." 666:Oslo Airport, Gardermoen 522:Stockholm-Bromma Airport 503:Oslo Airport, Gardermoen 460:Sandefjord Airport, Torp 121:Oslo Airport, Gardermoen 816:Supreme Court of Norway 447:London Stansted Airport 236:initial public offering 219:CFM International CFM56 771: 722: 669: 608: 513: 470: 414: 361: 293: 222: 147: 83:, but the routes from 49:European Economic Area 41: 2738:Norwegian Air Shuttle 2599:Norwegian News Agency 2584:Norwegian News Agency 2204:Norwegian News Agency 2115:Norwegian News Agency 1949:Norwegian News Agency 1870:Norwegian News Agency 1814:Norwegian News Agency 1799:Norwegian News Agency 1747:Norwegian News Agency 1664:Norwegian News Agency 1615:Norwegian News Agency 1515:Norwegian News Agency 1483:Norwegian News Agency 1425:Norwegian News Agency 1393:Norwegian News Agency 1344:Norwegian News Agency 1329:Norwegian News Agency 1264:Norwegian News Agency 1164:Norwegian News Agency 978:Norwegian News Agency 915:Norwegian News Agency 763: 750:Coordinated operation 716: 689:services themselves. 687:Norwegian Air Shuttle 659: 602: 538:British Aerospace 146 507:Scandinavian Airlines 500: 468: 408: 356: 291: 278:Expansion into Sweden 216: 154:and the right-winged 142: 65:Oslo Airport, Fornebu 24: 2718:Braathens Helikopter 1666:. 27 September 1999. 1471:Tjomsland, 2005: 212 272:Government of Norway 228:Braathens Helikopter 2851:History of airlines 800:SAS Ground Services 586:Minister of Finance 534:London City Airport 240:Oslo Stock Exchange 61:Oslo Stock Exchange 57:helicopter division 2818:Ludvig G. Braathen 2651:Høyt spill om Torp 1928:on 9 February 2012 1749:. 1 February 2000. 772: 723: 670: 614:Northwest Airlines 609: 514: 471: 439:Northwest Airlines 415: 362: 294: 223: 156:Conservative Party 148: 42: 2831: 2830: 2537:Dagens Næringsliv 2508:Dagens Næringsliv 2479:Dagens Næringsliv 2458:Dagens Næringsliv 2390:Dagens Næringsliv 2365:Dagens Næringsliv 2336:Dagens Næringsliv 2290:Dagens Næringsliv 2261:Dagens Næringsliv 2232:Dagens Næringsliv 2199:Dagens Næringsliv 2171:Dagens Næringsliv 2142:Dagens Næringsliv 2110:Dagens Næringsliv 2082:Dagens Næringsliv 2054:Dagens Næringsliv 2026:Dagens Næringsliv 1997:Dagens Næringsliv 1969:Dagens Næringsliv 1894:Dagens Næringsliv 1865:Dagens Næringsliv 1837:Dagens Næringsliv 1680:Dagens Næringsliv 1648:Dagens Næringsliv 1517:. 10 August 1999. 1458:Dagens Næringsliv 1360:Dagens Næringsliv 1346:. 17 August 1998. 1308:on 17 August 2019 1248:Dagens Næringsliv 1231:Dagens Næringsliv 1180:Dagens Næringsliv 1123:Dagens Næringsliv 1085:Dagens Næringsliv 1034:Dagens Næringsliv 959:Dagens Næringsliv 740:private placement 603:Braathens bought 555:In January 1998, 520:, that flew from 409:A Braathens SAFE 387:handling services 284:Transwede Airways 232:Helkopter Service 202:cross-subsidizing 143:A Braathens SAFE 2868: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2669: 2664: 2645: 2639: 2631: 2603: 2602: 2601:. 27 April 2007. 2594: 2588: 2587: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2206:. 24 August 2001 2202:(in Norwegian). 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2113:(in Norwegian). 2101: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1927: 1914: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1872:. 22 August 2001 1868:(in Norwegian). 1856: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1827: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1760: 1751: 1750: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1005: 1004: 991: 982: 981: 973: 964: 963: 953: 947: 946: 936: 930: 929: 925: 919: 918: 910: 901: 898: 892: 889: 883: 880: 874: 871: 865: 862: 856: 853: 678:Halmstad Airport 575:could therefore 565:low-cost airline 431:Schiphol Airport 2876: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2865: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2827: 2806: 2757: 2701: 2696: 2661: 2648: 2632: 2628: 2615: 2612: 2607: 2606: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2565:Bergens Tidende 2561: 2560: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2441:Bergens Tidende 2437: 2436: 2432: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2032: 2030: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1897:(in Norwegian). 1890: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1829: 1828: 1821: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1731:Bergens Tidende 1727: 1726: 1722: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1599:Bergens Tidende 1595: 1594: 1590: 1582:Bergens Tidende 1578: 1577: 1573: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1548:Bergens Tidende 1544: 1543: 1539: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1502:(in Norwegian). 1495: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1373: 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Jensen 2820: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2728:Malmö Aviation 2725: 2720: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2646: 2626: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2589: 2571: 2551: 2540:(in Norwegian) 2522: 2511:(in Norwegian) 2493: 2482:(in Norwegian) 2464: 2447: 2430: 2413: 2396: 2379: 2368:(in Norwegian) 2350: 2339:(in Norwegian) 2321: 2304: 2293:(in Norwegian) 2275: 2264:(in Norwegian) 2246: 2235:(in Norwegian) 2217: 2185: 2174:(in Norwegian) 2156: 2128: 2117:. 20 June 2001 2096: 2068: 2040: 2029:(in Norwegian) 2011: 1983: 1972:(in Norwegian) 1954: 1939: 1900: 1883: 1851: 1840:(in Norwegian) 1819: 1804: 1789: 1772: 1752: 1737: 1720: 1703: 1686: 1669: 1654: 1637: 1620: 1605: 1588: 1571: 1554: 1537: 1520: 1505: 1488: 1473: 1464: 1447: 1430: 1415: 1398: 1383: 1366: 1349: 1334: 1319: 1286: 1269: 1254: 1237: 1220: 1203: 1186: 1169: 1154: 1137: 1126:(in Norwegian) 1108: 1091: 1074: 1057: 1040: 1023: 1006: 983: 965: 948: 931: 920: 902: 893: 884: 875: 866: 857: 847: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 769:Boeing 737-500 754:Main article: 751: 748: 710: 707: 674:Arne A. 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Index


Boeing 737-500
Braathens
Scandinavian Airlines System
SAS Braathens
Braathens SAFE
European Economic Area
Scandinavian Airlines System
helicopter division
Oslo Stock Exchange
Oslo Airport, Fornebu
Bodø
Harstad
Narvik
Tromsø
Bergen
Rome
Nice
Jersey
Transwede
Stockholm
KLM
Malmö Aviation
Oslo Airport, Gardermoen
Color Air
SAS Braathens

Boeing 737-500
Labor Party
Conservative Party

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