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2185:(Presidential Palace) dead". Acknowledging that the chances that a democratic government would succeed him were none, and that another military coup was coming, with probably worse results than 1950s one, Vargas kept his word and shot himself in the heart on 24 August 1954, after writing a letter blaming "international groups" and "revolted national groups" for the current situation. The results were immediate: opposition newspapers were closed, the people took to the streets and in a last shown of political force and popularity, Vargas postponed the military dictatorship by 10 years.
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associated with the national capital ("associated capital"). This influx of foreign capital threatened domestic industry, which was unable to compete with efficiency and expertise of foreign companies. Domestic manufacturers, once the core base of support for economic nationalism, become managers or partners of the multinational companies. The urban bourgeoisie — the original base of Vargas' coalition — had little use for
Brazilian populism any more, having outgrown state planning phase.
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and, as
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The development strategy of the government included the "Salte Plan", which put emphasis on health, food, transportation and energy. Proposed in 1947, the plan aimed at better management of public spending and investment in key sectors in the country but only began to receive funding from the budget
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On 1 April 1964, after a night of conspiracy, rebel troops made their way to Rio de
Janeiro, considered a loyalist bastion. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro's generals were convinced to join the coup. To prevent a civil war, and knowing that the U.S. would openly support the army, Goulart fled first to
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Thus, as the historical context shifted, so did the ideology of
Brazilian populism. Between 1934 and 1945, Brazilian populism was a reactionary phenomenon, exhibiting parallels to European fascism. In contrast, under the presidency of João Goulart (1961–64) — a protégé of Getúlio Vargas and another
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After Vargas' suicide in 1954, awaiting a seemingly inevitable military coup, the support base for
Brazilian populism began to deteriorate. Vargas' first ouster from 1945–1951 and his suicide demonstrated that Brazilian populism had been deteriorating for some time. Brazilian populism lingered for
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He also introduced an electoral law and allowed political parties to campaign. Three political parties introduced themselves into the national political scene. The liberal and rightist parties of the opposition against Vargas created the
National Democratic Union. The bureaucrats and supporters of
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Kubitschek sought to achieve this progress with the aid of foreign investment, which in turn would be given generous incentives, such as profit remittances, low taxes, privileges for the importation of machinery, and land donations. However, the exemption was made only if the foreign capital was
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Quadros resigned on 25 August 1961, citing foreign and "terrible forces" in his resignation letter. His resignation is commonly thought to have been a move to increase his own power, as he expected to return to the presidency by the acclamation of the
Brazilian people or by the request of the
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In 1950, Vargas was elected president and returned to national politics. The Vargas administration was hampered by an economic crisis, congressional opposition, and impatience among his supporters. He announced an ambitious industrialization plan and pursued a policy of nationalization of the
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shortly — and not coincidentally — before his ouster by reactionary forces. Eventually, the 1964 junta and the ensuing military dictatorship proved that the establishment forces that ushered
Goulart's mentor into power in the first place, and the bourgeoisie that Vargas helped rear found the
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Vargas' ever-shifting populist dictatorship helped to rein in the agrarian oligarchs, paving the way for the democratization of the 1950s and 1960s which was ended by the right-wing 1964 military coup. But the state still maintained a loose variation of Getúlio Vargas' populism and economic
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Kubitschek's presidency was marked by a time of political optimism. Campaigning on a platform of "fifty years in five" he presented a plan of national development that had 31 goals distributed in six large groups: energy, transport, food, base industries, education and the main goal: the
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nationalism. Between 1930 and 1964, as
Brazilian populism itself guided changes in the structure of Brazil's economy (Vargas' policies promoted industrial growth), Vargas and his successors were forced to shift the makeup of particular kinds of class alliances reconciled by the state.
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another decade but in new forms. If corporatism was the hallmark of the 1930s and 1940s, nationalism and developmentalism characterized the 1950s and early 1960s. Each of these contributed to the crisis that gripped Brazil and resulted in the authoritarian regime after 1964.
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in 1949, being forgotten in 1951. During this period, measurements of the country's economic growth by calculating the Gross
Domestic Product were first regularly published. The average annual growth of the Brazilian economy during the Dutra administration was 7.6%.
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was adopted, marking the country's return to democratic rule. That same year, the government created the Social Service of Industry (SESI) and Social Service of Commerce (SESC), and the General Staff, the future General Staff of the Armed Forces (EMFA).
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grouped in the Brazilian Social Democratic Party. Vargas also created the Brazilian Labour Party, to the left, to group the workers' and the laborers' unions. The Brazilian Communist Party, weakened during the dictatorship, was also legalised.
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Quadros laid the blame for the country's high rate of inflation on his predecessor, Juscelino Kubitschek. As president, Quadros outlawed gambling, banned women from wearing bikinis on the beach, and established relations with the
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By the end of his term, the foreign debt had grown from 87 million dollars to 297 million dollars. The inflation and wealth inequality had grown larger, with the occurrence of rural-zone strikes that expanded to the urban areas.
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by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Fourth Republic. During this period, three parties dominated national politics. Two of them were pro-Vargas — the
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National Congress of Brazil and the military. This maneuver, however, was immediately rejected by Congress, which accepted his resignation and called on the president of the Chamber of Deputies,
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to an elected member of the opposition. It was also the first time in 31 years that the presidency was not held by an heir to the legacy of Getúlio Vargas.
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2324:(PTN). When Quadros took office, on 31 January 1961, it was the first time since Brazil became a republic in 1889 that an incumbent government
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assumed the Presidency of the Republic from August 24, 1954 until November 8, 1955 when, due to illness, he transferred his powers to the
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Goulart faced strong opposition from conservative politicians and military officers in his bid to assume the presidency, triggering the
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between 1946 and 1964. It was marked by political instability and the military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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and the President of the Chamber of Deputies, was Acting President during the absence of the President of the Republic
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Goulart appeared to have been co-opting the Communist movement in a manner reminiscent of Vargas' co-optation of the
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the fact that his centrist attempts to win support from both sides of the spectrum gradually came to alienate both.
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took over as Interim President until 31 January 1956, when President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek was inaugurated.
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U.S. President Truman and Brazilian President Eurico Dutra (center) during his visit to Washington, 1949
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Jânio Quadros was elected president of Brazil by a landslide in 1960, running as the candidate of the
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After failing to negotiate a temporary leave of absence, Vargas declared "he would only leave the
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on the Allied side, then president Getúlio Vargas moved to liberalize his own fascist-influenced
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and organized the Inter-American Conference of Peacekeeping and Security of the Continent in
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regime. Vargas decreed an amnesty to political prisoners, including the chief of the
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Under the 1946 Constitution, the Vice President of the Federal Senate, after the
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cost him the support of the UDN in Congress, so he was left with no real power.
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During the Dutra government, construction of the hydroelectric plant of
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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country's natural resources. To reduce foreign dependency, he founded
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ended when two of his most rightist supporters, the Minister of War
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Brazil–United States relations during the João Goulart government
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international policy. The re-establishment of relations with the
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This period was marked by often tumultuous presidencies of
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a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
2403:. Goulart finally assumed office on 7 September 1961.
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left-leaning turn of Brazilian populism intolerable.
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Formally President of the Republic until November 21
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3387:States and territories disestablished in 1964
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27:Period of Brazilian history from 1946 to 1964
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1375:Declaration of majority of Pedro II
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872:as representative of Brazil to the
110:{{Translated|pt|Período populista}}
2252:Presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek
1179:Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–1777)
1164:Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737)
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2289:construction of new capital city
1730:March of the One Hundred Thousand
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1238:Conquest of the Banda Oriental
1208:Invasion of the Banda Oriental
824:Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro
758:Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro
108:You may also add the template
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3372:1946 establishments in Brazil
2260:Brazilian football team, 1958
2222:Interim Presidents, 1954–1956
1819:Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
1051:Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
1039:Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage
712:and the establishment of the
18:History of Brazil (1945–1964)
2326:peacefully transferred power
1608:Constitutionalist Revolution
1475:Proclamation of the Republic
1320:Confederation of the Equator
1221:United Kingdom with Portugal
854:fifth constitution of Brazil
780:End of the Estado Novo, 1945
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2410:government in 1963 after a
1278:Recognition of Independence
1268:Declaration of Independence
760:, PTB) to the left and the
221:"Brazilian National Anthem"
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1633:1937 Brazilian coup d'état
1618:Communist uprising of 1935
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1243:Constituent Cortes of 1820
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852:On 18 September 1946, the
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766:Partido Social Democrático
710:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
72:Machine translation, like
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2831:President of the Republic
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1770:1988 Constituent Assembly
1715:Vacancy in the Presidency
1655:Ousting of Getúlio Vargas
1596:Second Brazilian Republic
1521:Coffee with milk politics
1455:Post–abolition of slavery
1305:1823 Constituent Assembly
1233:Conquest of French Guiana
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49:the corresponding article
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2363:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
2304:In 1958, Brazil won the
1680:Construction of Brasília
1675:Lott's preventative coup
919:Presidente Dutra highway
214:Hino Nacional Brasileiro
1184:Minas Gerais Conspiracy
902:In 1950, Brazil hosted
762:Social Democratic Party
514:Democratic Constitution
428:• 1962–1963
402:• 1961–1962
369:• 1961–1964
352:• 1946–1951
140:United States of Brazil
119:For more guidance, see
3367:20th century in Brazil
2910:Science and technology
2592:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
2490:"Brasil uma História"
2401:Parliamentary republic
2395:, which was filled by
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1814:Car Wash investigation
1725:Araguaia Guerrilla War
1405:Eusébio de Queirós Law
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754:Brazilian Labour Party
329:parliamentary republic
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2406:Brazil returned to a
2348:in the middle of the
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2246:Kubitschek, 1956–1961
1703:Military dictatorship
1509:Federalist Revolution
1485:Republic of the Sword
1435:Revolt of the Muckers
1330:Abdication of Pedro I
1122:Quilombo dos Palmares
1034:Treaty of Tordesillas
906:for which the famous
895:On 6 August 1947 the
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832:Supreme Federal Court
743:. In 1945, president
696:, also known as the "
670:Military dictatorship
320:presidential republic
280:Common languages
121:Knowledge:Translation
92:copyright attribution
2728:World Heritage Sites
2661:Environmental issues
2634:Brazilian Antarctica
2399:, and instituting a
2322:National Labor Party
1824:Coronavirus pandemic
1645:Integralist Uprising
1450:Abolition of Slavery
1194:Opening of the ports
917:, in Bahia, and the
733:Juscelino Kubitschek
704:", is the period of
543:Parliamentary system
201:"Order and Progress"
3277:Syncretic Religions
3185:Freedom of religion
2867:Automotive industry
2445:Pew Research Center
2306:1958 FIFA World Cup
2282:Palácio da Alvorada
2234:. Acting President
1940:Rio Grande do Norte
1350:1834 Additional Act
1273:War of Independence
1149:War of the Emboabas
904:1950 FIFA World Cup
820:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
800:Luís Carlos Prestes
721:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
477:Chamber of Deputies
361:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
196:"Ordem e Progresso"
3237:Eastern Orthodoxy
3230:Ukrainian Catholic
2925:Telecommunications
2582:Empire (1822–1889)
2567:Indigenous peoples
2447:. 13 November 2014
2373:Goulart, 1961–1964
2356:Resignation crisis
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1900:Mato Grosso do Sul
1837:By federative unit
1720:Institutional Acts
1603:Revolution of 1930
1576:Lieutenant revolts
1561:Revolt of the Lash
1541:Annexation of Acre
1531:Amazon rubber boom
1127:France Equinoxiale
1107:France Antarctique
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100:interlanguage link
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1945:Rio Grande do Sul
1777:1988 Constitution
1740:Redemocratization
1735:Brazilian Miracle
1685:Legality Campaign
1668:Populist Republic
1638:1937 Constitution
1613:1934 Constitution
1551:Taubaté Agreement
1480:1891 Constitution
1445:Military Question
1383:Reign of Pedro II
1315:1824 Constitution
1228:Pernambuco Revolt
1014:Marajoara culture
964:History of Brazil
933:Vargas, 1951–1954
929:, was initiated.
706:Brazilian history
698:Populist Republic
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
662:
661:
520:18 September 1946
500:Dutra's ascension
447:National Congress
420:Brochado da Rocha
372:
355:
332:(1961–1963)
245:
224:
204:
132:
131:
61:
57:
16:(Redirected from
3394:
3322:
3315:
3240:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3132:National symbols
2967:
2905:
2877:Economic history
2862:Animal husbandry
2850:
2747:
2622:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2492:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2472:
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2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2280:Construction of
2268:Construction of
2160:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2131:
2130:
1875:Federal District
1493:
1298:Reign of Pedro I
1291:Empire of Brazil
1202:
1169:Treaty of Madrid
1159:Vila Rica Revolt
1076:
1068:Brazilwood cycle
974:
951:
908:Maracanã Stadium
842:Dutra, 1946–1951
678:
677:
666:
665:
653:
652:
646:
645:
630:
629:
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549:8 September 1961
545:
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105:
78:Google Translate
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56:(September 2011)
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3171:
3157:Science fiction
3147:Public holidays
3063:
3024:Life expectancy
2952:
2934:
2903:
2835:
2811:Law enforcement
2732:
2718:Water resources
2698:Protected areas
2611:
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2254:
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2191:
2164:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2115:Years in Brazil
2099:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2015:Catholic Church
1995:Afro-Brazilians
1989:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1705:
1695:
1694:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1622:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1556:Naval arms race
1487:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1430:Religious Issue
1415:Christie Affair
1395:Praieira revolt
1379:
1334:
1293:
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1282:
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1248:
1247:
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1213:
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1196:
1132:Dutch invasions
1117:Jesuit missions
1100:State of Brazil
1096:
1070:
1057:
1029:
1027:Colonial Brazil
1019:
1018:
994:
984:
941:
935:
850:
844:
796:Communist Party
782:
675:
650:
607:
597:
574:
564:24 January 1963
561:
556:
546:
541:
531:
517:
512:
505:31 January 1946
502:
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458:
429:
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359:
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188:
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148:
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138:Republic of the
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28:
23:
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2948:Rail transport
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2794:Women's rights
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2690:
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2683:Largest cities
2680:
2675:
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2668:Extreme points
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2648:
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2644:Climate change
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2397:Tancredo Neves
2393:Prime Minister
2374:
2371:
2357:
2354:
2346:Socialist Bloc
2317:
2314:
2250:Main article:
2247:
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2190:
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2172:Carlos Lacerda
2166:
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2100:
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2075:Rail transport
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
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2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
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1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Santa Catarina
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
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1935:Rio de Janeiro
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
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1907:
1902:
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1892:
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1880:Espírito Santo
1877:
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1566:Contestado War
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1546:Vaccine Revolt
1543:
1538:
1536:War of Canudos
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1511:
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1501:
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1466:
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1427:
1425:Paraguayan War
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
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1386:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Ragamuffin War
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:Regency Period
1333:
1332:
1327:
1325:Cisplatine War
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Night of Agony
1307:
1301:
1300:
1294:
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989:
986:
985:
977:Terra Brasilis
975:
967:
966:
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959:
937:Main article:
934:
931:
874:United Nations
870:Osvaldo Aranha
846:Main article:
843:
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778:
745:Getúlio Vargas
725:Getúlio Vargas
702:Republic of 46
688:
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483:Historical era
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459:
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407:Tancredo Neves
404:
401:
398:
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388:Prime Minister
384:
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267:Rio de Janeiro
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3256:
3255:Protestantism
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3227:
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3200:
3199:Christianity
3198:
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3057:
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3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:States by HDI
3037:
3035:
3034:Social issues
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
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2496:on 2014-06-26
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2316:Quadros, 1961
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2063:
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2048:
2045:
2044:Football Team
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1936:
1933:
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1918:
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1911:
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1690:Plano Trienal
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3044:Unemployment
2994:Demographics
2872:Central Bank
2779:Human rights
2759:Constitution
2629:Amazon basin
2596:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
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2169:
2020:Constitution
1905:Minas Gerais
1784:Plano Collor
1758:New Republic
1667:
1650:World War II
1516:Belle Époque
1504:Navy Revolts
1499:Encilhamento
1468:Old Republic
1400:Coffee cycle
1345:April Revolt
1256:Independence
1137:Dutch Brazil
1112:Bandeirantes
981:Miller Atlas
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606:• 1960
596:• 1950
414:• 1962
377:João Goulart
274:(after 1960)
269:(until 1960)
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194:Motto:
193:
184:Coat of arms
96:edit summary
87:
54:
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3203:Catholicism
3117:Malandragem
3082:Archaeology
3009:Immigration
2915:Stock index
2857:Agriculture
2656:Environment
2284:in Brasilia
2240:Nereu Ramos
2085:Transgender
2065:Nationality
1895:Mato Grosso
1765:Lost Decade
1626:Estado Novo
1571:World War I
1488: [
1440:Grande Seca
1410:Platine War
1355:Malê Revolt
1263:Dia do Fico
1197: [
1174:Guaraní War
1154:Mascate War
1090:Slave trade
1080:Sugar cycle
1071: [
1061:Captaincies
910:was built.
816:Estado Novo
808:Estado Novo
791:Estado Novo
634:Preceded by
530:as capital
471:Lower house
456:Upper house
443:Legislature
433:Hermes Lima
3351:Categories
3242:Antiochian
3167:Television
3137:Newspapers
3112:Literature
2984:Corruption
2979:Censorship
2904:(currency)
2774:Government
2500:2014-09-16
2427:References
2412:referendum
2377:See also:
2342:neutralist
2236:Carlos Luz
2228:Café Filho
1925:Pernambuco
1804:Plano Real
1745:Diretas Já
1589:Vargas Era
1526:Coronelism
1144:Gold cycle
921:, linking
882:Petrópolis
729:Café Filho
657:Vargas Era
610:70,992,343
600:51,944,397
586:Population
313:Government
284:Portuguese
219:(English:
199:(English:
3287:Quimbanda
3282:Candomblé
3152:Sculpture
3127:Mythology
3077:Animation
3019:Languages
2999:Education
2940:Transport
2801:Judiciary
2764:Elections
2713:Time Zone
2688:Mountains
2651:Coastline
2617:Geography
2110:Conflicts
2080:Socialism
2035:Etymology
2005:Animation
2000:Anarchism
1975:Tocantins
1965:São Paulo
1360:Cabanagem
946:Petrobras
927:São Paulo
828:president
338:President
305:7% Others
290:Religion
153:1946–1964
114:talk page
3329:Category
3267:Hinduism
3216:Maronite
3195:Buddhism
3177:Religion
3142:Painting
3092:Carnaval
2974:Abortion
2920:Taxation
2892:Industry
2816:Military
2742:Politics
2723:Wildlife
2693:Pantanal
2562:Timeline
2546:articles
2451:March 4,
2350:Cold War
2291:Brasília
2270:Brasília
2105:Timeline
2098:Research
2060:Military
2040:Football
1950:Rondônia
1890:Maranhão
1860:Amazonas
1809:Mensalão
1794:Mercosul
1370:Balaiada
1009:Kuhikugu
956:a series
954:Part of
776:, UDN).
623:Cruzeiro
619:Currency
528:Brasília
487:Cold War
301:Catholic
272:Brasília
90:provide
3313:Outline
3292:Umbanda
3272:Judaism
3223:Melkite
3107:Cuisine
3069:Culture
3054:Welfare
2962:Society
2930:Tourism
2887:Exports
2845:Economy
2703:Regions
2678:Islands
2673:Geology
2639:Climate
2554:History
2421:Uruguay
2272:, 1959.
2030:Ethanol
2025:Economy
1970:Sergipe
1955:Roraima
1915:Paraíba
1850:Alagoas
1085:Slavery
830:of the
749:deposed
570:•
555:•
540:•
526:•
511:•
498:•
469:•
454:•
354:(first)
326:Federal
317:Federal
262:Capital
212: "
210:Anthem:
112:to the
94:in the
53:.
3334:Portal
3190:Baháʼí
3162:Sports
3102:Comics
3097:Cinema
3029:People
3004:Health
2897:Mining
2882:Energy
2708:Rivers
2544:
2542:Brazil
2204:gaúcho
2183:Catete
2070:Postal
1988:Topics
1920:Paraná
983:, 1519
958:on the
462:Senate
392:
371:(last)
342:
292:(1950)
171:(1960)
3320:Index
3262:Islam
3122:Music
3059:Youth
2989:Crime
2902:Real
2367:China
2206:from
1930:Piauí
1885:Goiás
1870:Ceará
1865:Bahia
1855:Amapá
1492:]
1201:]
1075:]
1004:Luzia
74:DeepL
3087:Arts
2789:LGBT
2453:2015
2381:and
2338:Cuba
2336:and
2050:LGBT
2010:Book
1910:Pará
1845:Acre
814:The
806:the
747:was
739:and
692:The
299:93%
169:Flag
88:must
86:You
67:View
3250:LDS
2806:Law
925:to
923:Rio
76:or
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