441:) and its English garrison ensconced in Fort Hill just outside the city. Eventually, Galway citizens, who were predominantly Catholic, went against their garrison and supported the confederate side in 1642. The fort was besieged with the aid of Confederate troops until it surrendered and its garrison was evacuated by sea. During the 1640s, Galway was heavily fortified against an expected counter-attack by English forces, which eventually materialised when English Parliamentarian forces
501:
230:
738:
happened that
William was joined with his relatives in the war when they demolished their castles, as we have already mentioned; that he grew sorry for this, and went to Galway, under the protection of the English, the month before his execution; but some tale was fabricated against him, for which he was taken and hanged. Such of his followers as went in under this protection were also hanged.
129:
413:
1123:
gcomhbhĂĄ chogaidh lena bhrĂĄithribh an tan do bhriseadar a mbailte amhail do dĂșramar; ba aithreach leis ann sin, agus do chuaigh ar proiteics i gceann Gall go
Gaillimh an mhĂ roimh a bhĂĄsĂș agus do dealbhadh scĂ©al Ă©igin chuige gur gabhadh agus gur crochadh. Do crochadh a ndeachaigh dĂĄ lucht leanĂșna ar an bproiteicsion sin.
1138:
SeisiĂșn do choinneĂĄil i nGaillimh i MĂ December na bliana so inar bĂĄsaĂodh iomad ban agus fear, agus do bĂĄsaĂodh ann Ăamann Ăg mac Ăamainn mhic
Maghnusa mhic ShĂthigh, agus ochtar dĂolĂșnach de Ghearaltachaibh ina fhochair iar bhfĂĄil a fheasa orthu go rabhadar araon leisna hAlbanaibh sin do marbhadh i
1122:
Mac Iarla
Chlainne Riocaird .i. Uilliam BĂșrc, mac Riocaird Shasanaigh mhic Uilig na gCeann, mhic Riocaird, mhic Uilig Chnoic Tua do chrochadh i nGaillimh an treas lĂĄ iar gcrochadh Thoirdhealaigh UĂ Bhriain .i. Toirdhealach DĂ©ardaoin agus Uilliam DĂ© Sathairn. Is amhlaidh do tharla d'Uilliam a bheith i
743:
1586. A session was held at Galway in the month of
December of this year, and many women and men were put to death at it; and Edmond Oge, the son of Edmond, son of Manus Mac Sheehy, and eight soldiers of the Geraldines along with him, were put to death, information having been given against them that
737:
1581. The son of the Earl of
Clanrickard, i.e. William Burke, son of Rickard Saxonagh, son of Ulick-na-gCeann, son of Rickard, son of Ulick of Cnoc-Tuagh, was hanged at Galway, the third day after the execution of Turlough O'Brien; that is, Turlough was hanged on Thursday, and William on Saturday. It
373:
Nevertheless, Galway retained its distinctive physical character. The following account was given of lord justice Sir
William Pelham's visit in 1579: "His lordship removed into the towne of Galwaie, twelve mills, verie rocky way, and full of great loughes. The townw is well bulte, and walled, with an
731:
1577. Alexander, son of
Calvagh, son of Turlough, son of John Carragh Mac Donnell, was slain in a combat by Theobald Boy Mac Seoinin, in the gateway of Galway; and there were not many sons of gallowglasses in Ireland at that time who were more wealthy, or who were more bountiful and munificent than
711:
and the nobles of Leath Mogha into ... and UĂ Eachach and Corca
Laoighdhe, and the fleet of Leath Mogha by sea to meet them, and they demolished the castle of Bun Gaillmhe, and plundered and burned the town. The defeat of An Cloidhe on the following day on Iarthar Connacht by the same fleet, and
311:
may God protect us". A bylaw of 1460 ordained as follows: "That no dweller should set or sell land or tenement, within the same town Galway, to no
Irishman, without licence from the council for the time being, on payn of forfaiting saidlands and tenements, and one hundred shillings to be divided as
1075:
SlĂłgadh le Cormac mac Mhic CĂĄrthaigh agus le maithibh Leath Mogha ar thĂr ain agus Ăubh Eathach agus Corca Laoighe agus cabhlach Leath Mogha ar muir 'na coinne gur bhriseadar CaisleĂĄn Bhun Gaillimhe agus gur argadar agus gur loisceadur an baile. Maidhm An Chlaidhe arna mhĂĄrach roimh an gcabhlach
369:
wrote in 1576: "First, I find the town of Galwaye moche decaied, both in nomber of expert sage men of yeares and yonge men of warre, in respect of that I have seen; which great decay hath growen thorough the horribl spoyle done upon them by the sonnes of the earle of Clanrickrd, in so moche as it
519:
in Scotland), all Catholics were ordered to leave the city. The corporation, which ran Galway was also confined to Protestants. This is all the more surprising given that a 1762 census showed that of the town's 15,000 or so inhabitants, only 350 were Protestants. The persecution of Galway's old
659:
On 16 August 1971, a large part of the city centre, stretching from Merchants Road to Williamsgate Street and Eyre Square, was destroyed by fire. The destroyed area was subsequently redeveloped as the Eyre Square/Corbett Court/Edward Square shopping centres.
612:
could do little against them. The only initiatives were taken by the university battalion of the IRA, who were reprimanded by the local IRA commander who was afraid they would provoke reprisals. This fear was not without justification, as the nearby town of
1106:
Alastrann, mac An Chalbhaigh, mhic Toirdhealaigh, mhic Eoin Charraigh, do mharbhadh i gcomhrac le mac ThiobĂłid BuĂ Mhic SheoinĂn i ndoras na Gaillimhe, agus nĂorbh iomaĂ mac gallĂłglaigh i nĂirinn in tan sin ba mhĂł fĂĄltas agus ba thĂolacthaĂ toirbheartaĂ nĂĄ
292:: "Men of Cathay have come from the west. we have seen many signs. And especially in Galway in Ireland, a man and a woman, of extraordinary appearance, have come to land on two tree trunks " The most likely explanation for these bodies is that they were
241:
Galway received a municipal charter from the crown in December 1484. This ensured the town's independence from the Clanrickard Burkes. At the same time, the creation of the wardenship of Galway gave the townsmen control of the large parish church,
374:
excellent good haven, and is replenished with many welthie merchants. The townes-men and wemmen present a more civil shew of life than other townes in Ireland do, and maie be compared, in my judgement, next Dublin and Watterford, the only towne".
356:
Item, that every inhabitant within oure said towne endeavour themselfes to speake English, and to use themselfes after the English facon; and, speciallye, that you, and every one of you, doe put your children to scole, to lerne to speke
656:. Two Free State soldiers and one Anti-Treaty fighter were killed and more wounded before the National Army secured the area. The Republicans burned a number of public buildings in the centre of town before they abandoned Galway.
725:
was dried up for a period of a natural day; all the articles that had been lost in it from remotest times, as well as its fish, were collected by the inhabitants of the fortress, and by the people of the country in
384:
That when anie strange merchants come to their port and haven, that the same be serched and viewed for weapons and munitions, and that none above the number of ten persons of the said ship shall come into the said
701:
1132 The castle of Bun-Gaillmhe was burned and demolished by a fleet of the men of Munster; and a great slaughter was made of the people of West Connaught, together with Ua Taidhg an Teaghlaigh, and many other
340:
Item, that noe man, woman or childe, weare noe mantles in the streets, but cloaks or gowns, dubletts and hose, shapen after the English fashion, of the country cloth, or any other cloth it shall please them to
552:
in the 1840s. Unlike other urban centres in 19th century Ireland, which experienced an explosion in their populations, Galway's population actually declined such was the devastation wrought by the famine.
115:, thus the river was given her name. The chieftain was so distraught that he set up camp at the point to mourn her spirit and keep it company. Later, a town sprung up around the point, and was called
303:
By the 1460s Galway was regarded as a beautiful and well-built town, but it endured difficult relations with its Irish neighbours. A notice over the west gate of the city, completed in 1562 by Mayor
520:
Catholic merchant elite meant that trade declined substantially, and the once busy harbour fell into disrepair. Local traders compensated to some degree for this by smuggling in goods like
1060:
CaisleĂĄn Bhun Gaillimhe do loscadh agus do scaoileadh le loingeas Fhir Mhumhan, agus ĂĄr mĂłr do thabhairt ar Iarthar Connacht, um Ă Tadhg an Teaghlaigh agus um shaorchlannaibh iomaĂ eile.
1322:
492:. Thereafter, the city became an economic backwater, and the capital of its old great families were spent overseas. It took about 300 years for the city to regain its former status.
556:
The second half of the century saw some improvement in Galway's position however, as the railway lines reached the city in 1850. Another important development was the creation of a
188:
invasion of Connacht in the 1230s. As DĂșn Bhun na Gaillimhe lay in the territory of the O Flahertys they are often recorded as holding this fort for the O Connor Kings of Connacht.
515:) stated that no new Catholics apart from seamen and day labourers could move there. On top of that, when fears arose of a French invasion of Ireland in 1708 and 1715 (during the
922:
SeisiĂșn do choinneĂĄil le Sir Risteard Biongam, agus le Comhairle ChĂșige Chonnacht i nGaillimh i mĂ Ianuarii. SeachtĂł de mhnĂĄibh agus d'fhearaibh do bhĂĄsĂș ar an seisiĂșn sin.
1217:
1091:
Abhainn na Gaillimhe do thriomadh le rĂ© lae aiceanta. Na huile earra do bĂĄdh inti Ăł chian gona hiasc do thionĂłl le lucht an dĂșin agus na tĂre i gcoitinne.
221:, Galway became to a large degree culturally and politically aloof (but not isolated) from the surrounding Gaelic and Gaelic-Norman territories.
644:(1922â23), in March 1922, Galway saw a tense stand off between Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty troops over who would occupy the military barracks at
557:
450:
511:
After the 17th century wars, Galway, as a Catholic port city, was treated with great suspicion by the authorities. Legislation of 1704 (the
1210:
687:
1124. Three castles were erected by the Connaughtmen, the castle of Dun-Leodhar, the castle of the Gaillimh, and the castle of Cuil-maeile.
211:
and often feuding Burkes, Galway sought local autonomy, receiving a murage charter (authority to build a defensive wall) from the Crown in
203:. In the century that followed, Galway thrived under the de Burghs (Burkes). After the sundering of the de Burgh (Clanrickards) dynasty in
21:, a small city in Ireland, situated on the west coast of Ireland, has a complex history going back around 800 years. The city was the only
392:
Galway, because of its loyalty to the Crown, was used as an occasional administrative centre by the English authorities. The Lord Deputy
716:, king of Iarthar Connacht, was killed, with slaughter of his people ... together with Ua Taidhg an Teaghlaigh, and many other noblemen.
327:
Item, that everie inhabitant, as well within the said towne, as the suburbs of the same, doe shave theire over lipps, called crompeaulis
158:"Three castles were erected by the Connaughtmen, the castle of Dun-Leodhar, the castle of the Gaillimh, and the castle of Cuil-maeile."
1235:
243:
1332:
1327:
1203:
755:
442:
671:
in "scandalous circumstances" in 1992 came to be seen as pivotal in the Roman Catholic Church's loss of influence in Ireland.
713:
622:
377:
The commercial and political situation of Galway bred wariness in its merchants, as shown in a provision of its new charter:
774:
A more recent book by John Cunningham, dealing with Galway's 19th-century history was published during 2004. It is entitled
333:
and suffer the haire of their hedds to growe, till it cover theire eares, and that every one of them weare English capps.
565:
629:. Galway businessmen launched a boycott against Northern Irish goods from December 1919 onwards in protest against the
1288:
315:
Despite this, Galway showed signs of linguistic and cultural assimilation to the Gaelic society around it. An Act of
680:
397:
153:
149:
433:
French diplomatic controversy centred in Galway when a likely French warship was wrecked there in 1618. After the
370:
evidentlye proved before me that fiftie howsholders of that towne doe nowe enhabite under Mac William Croghter âŠ"
1029:
TrĂ caistil do dhĂ©anamh le Connachtaibh, caisleĂĄn DĂșn Leodha, caisleĂĄn na Gaillimhe, agus caisleĂĄn ChĂșil Mhaoile.
601:
485:
393:
480:), the economy of Galway recovered somewhat. In the next crisis, centred on the deposition of the Catholic King
160:
This fort is also called a caislean (castle) in the annals. It was attacked in 1132 and 1149. Galway lay in the
589:
404:, the Lord Deputy Sir William Fitz-Williams had a number of survivors beheaded near St Augustine's Monastery.
1181:
The recent tendency to shorten town and city names in Irish has led to some confusion. The name of the city,
1076:
cĂ©anna ar Iarthar Connacht inar marbhadh ConchĂșr Ă Flaitheartaigh, rĂ Iarthar Connacht, go n-ĂĄr a mhuintire.
576:
Galway city played a relatively minor role in the upheaval in Ireland from 1916 to 1923. In 1916, during the
941:
OâSullivan, M. D. âGlimpses of the Life of Galway Merchants and Mariners in the Early Seventeenth Century.â
696:
Flann and Gillariabhach, the two sons of Aineislis Ua hEidhin, were slain by Conchobhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh.
516:
434:
983:
1227:
648:. After fighting broke out in July 1922 the city and its military barracks were occupied by troops of the
525:
477:
473:
421:
297:
997:
261:, it was the principal Irish port for trade with Spain and France, being the main source of trade to the
609:
316:
177:
1278:
708:
545:
465:
304:
277:
217:
196:
145:
1273:
1268:
1011:
481:
469:
438:
133:
1296:
1243:
834:
549:
767:
city and county from the earliest of times until the early 19th century. The book is now out of
958:
1258:
826:
489:
270:
249:
During the Middle Ages, Galway was ruled by an oligarchy of fourteen merchant families (12 of
172:
and part of Baile an ChlĂĄir / Claregalway parish. This district was held by the Ă hAllmhurĂĄin/
400:
as having executed seventy men and women in Galway in January 1586. In 1588, the year of the
348:
Item, that noe man, woman or child, weare, in their shirts, or any other garments, no saffron
215:. Governed by a clique of English-oriented merchant families, who eventually became known as
1301:
818:
668:
649:
585:
507:'s map of Galway in the early 18th century, highlighting its English port and fortifications
428:
366:
254:
76:
There are multiple alternative derivations of the name, some conjectural and some mythical:
1248:
641:
630:
446:
212:
204:
200:
192:
141:
365:
The political turbulence of the region left its mark on Galway in the following decades.
970:
484:, in 1689, Galway supported the Jacobite side. It surrendered without a siege under the
1044:
DhĂĄ mhac Aineislis UĂ Eidhin do mharbhadh d'Ă Flaitheartaigh i bhfeall ag Bun Gaillimhe
917:
760:
618:
401:
229:
165:
1149:
1133:
1117:
1101:
1086:
1316:
1070:
577:
454:
308:
285:
262:
250:
234:
208:
173:
437:, Galway was in a delicate position, caught, in effect between the Catholic rebels (
722:
692:
1125. The two sons of Aineislis Ua hEidhin were slain in treachery at Bun-Gaillimhe
605:
581:
533:
500:
417:
92:
was applied to the river first and then later on to the town. Also the common word
58:
54:
184:('plain of Seola'). The Ă Flaithbheartaigh (O'Flaherty) clan held it up until the
853:
621:
in July and September 1920. In November 1920, a Galway city Catholic priest, Fr.
207:, Anxious to have control over their own affairs without the interference of the
664:
504:
258:
181:
22:
1195:
1193:. Literally, this means "the river of the stony river", a recursive reference.
596:, just outside Galway, however they failed to take it and later surrendered in
140:
DĂșn Bhun na Gaillimhe ('Fort at the Mouth of the Gaillimh') was constructed in
653:
512:
1055:
1039:
1024:
830:
768:
625:
was abducted and shot by the British forces. His body was found in a bog in
548:
were relaxed. However the city's rural hinterland suffered terribly in the
128:
1253:
593:
458:
273:. The population of medieval Galway is thought to have been about 3,000.
266:
161:
111:
The daughter of a local chieftain drowned in the river, and her name was
26:
80:
The commonly held view that the city takes its name from the Irish word
65:("city of Galway") which is a modern creation to prevent confusion with
946:
838:
806:
645:
634:
597:
529:
488:
of 1691 after the annihilation of the main Jacobite army at the nearby
449:; plague and expulsions of Catholic citizens followed. The Cromwellian
412:
281:
185:
764:
561:
521:
445:
in 1649â52. Galway surrendered to Cromwellian forces in 1652 after a
169:
17:
822:
288:. Seven or eight years later, he noted in the margin of his copy of
1160:
626:
499:
411:
293:
228:
127:
744:
they had been along with those Scots who were slain at Ardnarea.
614:
354:
346:
338:
331:
325:
168:
which covered the parishes of St. Nicholas (the medieval city),
1199:
144:
as a naval base and military fort, by the King of Connacht and
136:
held Gaillimh at the time of the Norman invasion of the Burkes.
544:
Galway's economy recovered somewhat from the late 18th as the
532:
to hit the city's coast, causing some serious damage to the "
608:. Their overwhelming force in the city meant that the local
943:
Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
855:
The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway
807:"Columbus and the North: England, Iceland, and Ireland"
524:
through gaps in the town walls. On 1 November 1755 the
84:, "foreigners" i.e. "the town of the foreigners" (from
1189:, which in turn has led to people misnaming the river
637:, a protest that later spread throughout the country.
237:, c. 1500, Aughnanure Castle (CaisleĂĄn Achadh na nIĂșr)
778:, and several excerpts from it are available online.
604:
1919â21, Galway was the western headquarters for the
420:, Fort Hill, and the Claddagh around the time of the
280:
visited Galway, possibly stopping off on a voyage to
61:, just to the north. In Irish, Galway is also called
918:
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005E/index.html
453:
caused major upheavals, as peoples from east of the
104:(which is pronounced without a broad initial letter
100:) has never been used as an alternative spelling of
37:
The city takes its name from that of the river, the
1287:
1234:
971:
Investigations As City Re-Builds After ÂŁ2M. Inferno
257:. The city thrived on international trade. In the
176:clan. Clann Fhergail itself was a sub district of
69:/ County Galway which is often incorrectly called
96:(which is pronounced with a broad initial letter
1323:Histories of cities in the Republic of Ireland
776:A town tormented by the sea: GALWAY, 1790â1914
396:, noted for his severity, is described in the
1211:
763:, is considered to the definitive history of
191:Following an unsuccessful week-long siege in
8:
88:, a foreigner) is incorrect, since the name
53:". Today, the river is commonly called the
1218:
1204:
1196:
785:includes details of 18th century Galway.
225:From the medieval era to the 16th century
195:, DĂșn Bhun na Gaillimhe was captured by
895:Quoted in Hardiman, op. cit., pp. 89â90
800:
798:
794:
945:, vol. 15, no. 3/4, 1932, pp. 129â40.
886:Quoted in Hardiman, op. cit., pp. 85-6
783:War and Politics in Ireland 1649â1731
33:(Alternative) derivations of the name
7:
973:, Connacht Tribune, August 20th 1971
904:Quoted in Hardiman, op. cit., pp. 90
633:attacks on Catholic nationalists in
152:, who anchored his fleet there. The
877:Quoted in Hardiman, op. cit., p. 80
868:Quoted in Hardiman, op. cit., p. 64
663:In later years, the resignation of
617:was sacked on two occasions by the
319:, dated 1536, ordained as follows:
253:origin and 2 of Irish origin), the
307:, proclaimed: "From the Ferocious
14:
998:"Merchant's Road, After the Fire"
180:the territory of which is called
959:Blaze Engulfs Galway City Centre
244:St. Nicholas' Collegiate Church
1073:MCB1132.1 from Annal MCB1132:
811:The William and Mary Quarterly
714:Conchobhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh
1:
1071:Part 2 of MacCartaigh's Book
756:Hardiman's History of Galway
566:Queens University of Ireland
536:" section of the city wall.
1104:M1577.10 from Annal M1577:
1089:M11378.9 from Annal M1178:
1027:M1124.15 from Annal M1123:
984:"The big fire, August 1971"
707:1132. A hosting on land by
640:Before the outbreak of the
1349:
1176:
1136:M1586.1 from Annal M1586:
1134:Annals of the Four Masters
1120:M1581.2 from Annal M1581:
1118:Annals of the Four Masters
1102:Annals of the Four Masters
1087:Annals of the Four Masters
1058:M1132.9 from Annal M1123:
1056:Annals of the four masters
1042:M1125.8 from Annal M1123:
1040:Annals of the four masters
1025:Annals of the four masters
914:Annals of the Four Masters
681:Annals of the Four Masters
678:
588:in the area to attack the
472:in 1660, (and the further
426:
416:A 1651 map of Galway, the
154:Annals of the Four Masters
150:Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair
771:and is available online.
602:Irish War of Independence
1333:History of Galway (city)
1328:History of County Galway
1185:, has been shortened to
949:Retrieved 29 Sept. 2023.
852:Hardiman, James (1820).
805:Quinn, David B. (1992).
590:Royal Irish Constabulary
464:After the demise of the
25:city in the province of
517:Jacobite rising of 1715
478:Act of Explanation 1665
435:Irish Rebellion of 1641
355:
347:
339:
332:
326:
156:note that in that year
932:Hardiman, ibid., p. 93
526:1755 Lisbon earthquake
508:
474:Act of Settlement 1662
451:Act of Settlement 1652
424:
422:Irish Confederate Wars
298:North Atlantic Current
296:swept eastward by the
238:
137:
675:Annalistic references
610:Irish Republican Army
564:in 1845, then named "
503:
457:were transplanted to
415:
271:Lordship of the Isles
232:
131:
1191:Abhainn na Gaillimhe
1183:Cathair na Gaillimhe
961:, RTĂ Archives, 1971
858:. W. Folds and Sons.
709:Cormac Mac Carthaigh
584:mobilised the local
466:English Commonwealth
443:re-conquered Ireland
278:Christopher Columbus
218:The Tribes of Galway
197:Richard Mor de Burgh
146:High King of Ireland
63:Cathair na Gaillimhe
1236:Republic of Ireland
1161:John-cunningham.com
1012:"Some Galway fires"
528:caused a two-metre
470:English Restoration
394:Sir Richard Bingham
67:Contae na Gaillimhe
550:Great Irish Famine
509:
486:Articles of Galway
461:and slipped back.
425:
239:
138:
1310:
1309:
1228:cities in Ireland
490:battle of Aughrim
305:Thomas Ăge Martyn
1340:
1289:Northern Ireland
1220:
1213:
1206:
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1158:
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1141:
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1125:
1115:
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866:
860:
859:
849:
843:
842:
802:
669:Bishop of Galway
650:Irish Free State
586:Irish Volunteers
447:nine-month siege
429:Sieges of Galway
367:Sir Henry Sidney
359:
350:
343:
335:
329:
312:above written".
255:Tribes of Galway
178:UĂ BhriĂșin Seola
134:Ă Flaithbertaigh
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
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182:Maigh Seola
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789:References
721:1178. The
558:university
546:Penal Laws
513:Popery Act
357:English...
317:Henry VIII
209:Gaelicised
174:O'Halloran
73:in Irish.
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831:0043-5597
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