1051:. For the earliest Christian communities, the concept of unity was one in which the church communities agreed on a doctrinal understanding of Christianity. Such an understanding was based on the tradition of unity within the different ancient Christian communities. One such tradition is the biblical texts used by each of the ancient communities or churches. Unity was established in what was taught to the communities by Christ and then his apostles which was doctrinal in its expression. When various persons or groups within the many ancient Christian communities began to disagreed with innovations or interpretations of the traditions of Christianity, the communities set out to clarify the validity of the variation in the comparison to traditional understanding, to establish why this change was to be accepted or rejected. Such was the case of the first council in Jerusalem. The later councils were prompted to clarify tradition and address what was proper and what was improper, proper being what was established by Jesus Christ and then his apostles, then the Seventy and the clergy of the churches and the Patristic text, that take their lineage directly back to the Apostolic era. Innovations were those that changed the understanding that Christian communities had as the basis for the understanding and definition of their religion. Tradition was then established as dogma., a dogma being that which mystically created a relationship between each individual and the personal Triune God. Any innovation which cut off this relationship was therefore to be condemned.
1055:
the Church as a united community addressed and confirmed or denied the teaching or teachings. Tradition was the cornerstone to how teachings were to be deemed valid since tradition itself cultivated a living relationship with the living God. The councils which were conducted after the legalization of
Christianity were done so to define what Christianity and a Christian was. This in contrast to Paganism and Judaism and the various non-traditional Christian beliefs of the time. The Christian communities not within the regions of the Empire of Rome still communicated with one another and it was the break out of the sectarian and deemed new to tradition, teachings of Arius that caused the communities to gather to define what a Christian was and to use this definition to counter the teachings of Arianism.
2763:
2129:
welcomed the agreements as positive moves towards a sharing in the Love of God, and a rejection of the hatred of insubstantial division. As recommended in the Second
Chambesy Agreement of 1990, the Antiochian (Eastern) Orthodox Patriarch Ignatius IV formally met with the Syriac (Oriental) Orthodox Patriarch, Ignatius Zakka I, on July 22, 1991. At that meeting, the two patriarchs signed a pastoral agreement which called for "complete and mutual respect between the two churches." It also prohibited the passing of faithful from one church to the other, envisaged joint meetings of the two holy synods when appropriate, and provided for future guidelines for inter-communion of the faithful and
40:
2106:. In those locations, there are now also Eastern Orthodox Patriarchs, but the rivalry between the Eastern Orthodox and the Oriental Orthodox has largely vanished in the centuries since schism. In recent times, both Chalcedonian and anti-Chalcedonian churches have developed a deeper understanding for each other's positions, recognizing the substantial agreement while maintaining their respective theological language. Hence, the Monophysite label is avoided when describing the Armenians' or Copts' belief regarding the Nature of Christ.
1430:
movement within the cradle of
Christianity was to unite all Christians into a Universal church based on Christ through tradition, faith and community. The communities sought to balance unity with truth. The truth of these early groups was a shared truth that was communicated to each successive group based on early tradition. Once documented it was the understanding of tradition that caused the various schisms and internal conflicts. Christianity as first established was united Christians from within the
2051:. The spiritual leadership is not in the same sense understood for the one extended among the Eastern Orthodox Churches to the Church of Constantinople; it is however, in the spirit of respect and honor for the Apostolic Throne of Alexandria. It does not give any prerogatives, jurisdiction or rights to the Church of Alexandria in any way as in the Eastern Orthodox Churches. Historically, the church has been labeled
4833:
3786:
2208:
601:
3458:
4008:
1253:, however, are not deacons, and comprise a separate office that is not to be major clergy, as do readers, acolytes and others. Bishops are usually drawn from the ranks of the monks, and are required to be celibate; however, a non-monastic priest may be ordained to the episcopate if he no longer lives with his wife (following Canon XII of the
1663:
There was a degree of nationalistic animosity between the different communities that were united in Christ. Past historical conflicts between these different groups also feed the sentiments of division. As an understanding of the sensitivities of ethnic and or nationalistic characteristics, the early
1054:
This right believing and right teaching was to first establish in each individual a personal relationship with Christ, the God. This original teaching established by a community of persons that through these traditions created and then maintained a relationship with God. As various teachings appeared
2434:
In the
Byzantine world, however, this pattern of worship would not be informed by the liturgical history of the Latin church, as with the Reformation-era church orders, but by the liturgical history of the Byzantine church. (This was in fact what occurred with the Ukrainian Evangelical Church of the
1461:
and legalized
Christianity within the Roman Empire. As the communities united by a Christian faith and tradition lived on to see the legalization of their religion they were faced with the need to address various misconceptions and unclear definitions of their faith and tradition. This culminated in
1429:
The creation of the
Universal Christian church is a complicated and long history. Hebrew (Semitic), Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Arab Christian communities of the Mediterranean faced various opposition from governments, opposing religions, and splinter groups from within their own faith. This catholic
2114:
Both the
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches formally believe themselves to be the continuation of the true church and the other to have fallen into schism, although in the past 20 years much work had been done toward ecumenism or reconciliation between the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox
1470:
church fathers, ecumenical councils, teaching of the
Holiest Christians and witness of martyrs that the Eastern Christian Orthodox community is based on. These all being traditions that found expression in art, literature, architecture, linguistics and ascetic activities of these earliest Christian
2128:
differences between the two communions are more a matter of emphasis than of substance. Although elements in a number of the
Eastern Orthodox Churches have criticized the apparent consensus reached by the representatives at Chambesy, the patriarch and holy synod of the Antiochian Orthodox Church
1664:
churches did implement nationalistic identities. Hence the establishment of the Greek, Coptic, Armenian, Russian churches. This was balanced with the tradition of churches also being named more for location rather than
Nationalistic identity i.e. the church of Antioch or the church of Jerusalem.
1618:
between 264-269AD). These ecumenical councils with their doctrinal formulations are pivotal in the history of Christianity in general and to the history of Eastern Christianity. The tradition was not new, but was now public and no longer were the ancient Christian communities forced to hide, but
767:
and the catacomb churches of Rome. Many churches which were established as primary in authority, were established by the early apostles. This tradition is outside of the canon of the bible but is tied to the canon, in the sense that each church used their respective Gospel given to them by their
2404:
A revised Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom is also celebrated in Ukraine by members of the Ukrainian Lutheran Church. This Church was organized originally in 1926 in the "Galicia" region of Ukraine, which was at that time under the government of Poland. The liturgical rites used by the Ukrainian
1605:
The heresy of Arius was rejected in the community of Christians in the regions of the Pentarchy. This also included the communities of Christians of the far East (the Assyrian Churches) and the churches of Africa (Ethiopians). Churches that were not under the control of Rome. Several doctrinal
1445:
which established a unified civilization of the Mediterranean and Greater Middle East, parts of Africa, India and southern Europe. With its conquests of the Mediterranean including Egypt and Babylon, that Rome inherited by its absorption of the Hellenistic Empire. The unity was based on the
1283:
Meetings between Christian communities or churches were held before the Ecumenical councils. These meetings however were not as large because the Christian Church was still an illegal community. These early meetings and correspondence lead to the clarification of early heresies.
2149:
addressed a meeting of the Orthodox holy synod in October 1996. The members of the holy synod of Antioch continue to explore greater communication and more friendly meetings with their Syriac, Melkite, and Maronite brothers and sisters, who all share a common heritage.
1156:
service, are based on repeating the actions of Jesus ("do this in remembrance of me"), using the bread and wine, and saying his words (known as the words of the institution). The church has the rest of the liturgical ritual being rooted in the Jewish
758:
and prayer meetings at their homes and other secret locations. Church meant gathering or community more than building or structure. During the times of persecutions and secrecy, some did have churches which were literally underground, as in the
831:
being the patron saint of Italy, though Orthodox tradition has him martyred in Ethiopia. There were, of course, other communities established by Christians that were not the original Apostles. Some Christian communities were established by the
2123:
churches. At Chambesy in Switzerland, plenary talks were held resulting in agreements in 1989, 1990 and 1993. All the official representatives of the Eastern Orthodox and the Oriental Orthodox reached agreement in these dialogues that the
3556:
2140:
of the two churches. The Church of Antioch expects these guidelines to be issued when the faithful of both churches are ready, but not before. Patriarch Ignatius has also overseen participation in a bilateral commission with the
1434:. The Roman Empire ruled the Middle Eastern coastal communities and the Mediterranean during the time of Christ. As Christians within the Roman Empire many different nationalities and ethnic peoples where subject to Roman rule.
3566:
3611:
3616:
3586:
2405:
Lutherans reflected their Byzantine tradition. They did not use a Lutheran revision of the Latin Mass in their services, but instead they used a Lutheran revision of the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom.
2392:
5606:
2762:
1099:
and also embrace it as the state religion in 310 AD. However, illegal churches before "Christian legalization" are mentioned throughout church history; such an example would be in the persecutions of
3606:
1932:
from the 7th–10th centuries and again in the 13th–14th centuries. Subsequently, however, a series of misfortunes sent the church into decline, and by the 14th century it was largely confined to
2079:, considered as a saint by the Chalcedonian churches as well, who described Christ as being of one incarnate nature, where both divine and human nature are united. To distinguish this from
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5400:
3591:
194:
1471:
communities. The Eastern Christian communities were united as a whole. Though as with all groups of humans not every single person who claimed to be a Christian was accepted as a member.
3164:
1500:
of 1599. As a result of this foreign intervention into their culture there are several present day St. Thomas denominations, primarily in the Catholic and Oriental Orthodox traditions.
1496:
St Thomas Christians had a unique identity till the arrival of Portuguese in India, who tried to convert St. Thomas Christians in their area of control to the Latin Church through the
3689:
3596:
2944:
6464:
582:
3436:
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1960:
of India. It remains centered in these areas to this day. In the 16th century, the church went into schism, resulting in the formation of two churches with rival patriarchs: the
4183:
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2388:
4870:
3581:
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6540:
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3571:
618:
2435:
Augsburg Confession, which published in its 1933 Ukrainian Evangelical Service Book the first ever Lutheran liturgical order derived from the historic Eastern Rite.)
3499:
3400:
184:
4806:
5616:
5363:
538:
2075:
and condemned at Chalcedon, a heresy and only disagrees with the formula defined by that council. The Oriental church instead adheres to the doctrine defined by
39:
6595:
5175:
1614:. The first ecumenical council in part was a continuation of Trinitarian doctrinal issues addressed in pre-legalization of Christianity councils or synods (see
1557:
751:
5883:
5898:
3514:
3504:
3157:
6555:
6347:
3762:
3182:
2856:
712:
refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in the Middle East, Egypt, Asia Minor, the Far East, Balkans, Eastern Europe,
5920:
5024:
4782:
1257:). In contemporary usage such a non-monastic priest is usually tonsured to the monastic state at some point prior to his consecration to the episcopacy.
575:
5226:
3536:
3441:
3223:
3211:
2590:
1974:
between the Assyrian Church and the Roman Catholic Church is an ongoing process. Most recently, on November 11, 1994, a historic meeting of Patriarch
1437:
Though the power of the Empire was seated in Rome the greatest unifying force of the Empire was its foundations, which were built on the conquests of
1249:, hieromonks (priest-monks), and archimandrites (senior hieromonks). Deacons also include hierodeacons (deacon-monks), archdeacons, and protodeacons;
6392:
6535:
6342:
5649:
5262:
4176:
3772:
3247:
2241:
2145:, which is exploring ways of healing the 18th century schism between the Melkite Catholics and the Antiochian Orthodox. In an unprecedented event,
1619:
could now meet with all of the clergy out in the open. Even with churches outside the regions of the Byzantine Empire. This would somewhat change.
6560:
5654:
4777:
4717:
4028:
3886:
3150:
1266:
2036:. Despite potentially confusing nomenclature, Oriental Orthodox churches are distinct from the churches that collectively refer to themselves as
1655:). The churches or communities at this point were National churches so a great deal of nationalistic sentiments played into the various schisms.
2071:
was rejected. The Oriental Orthodox Church argues that this is a wrong description of its position, as it considers Monophysitism, as taught by
6565:
6550:
6499:
6367:
5611:
5519:
5250:
5170:
5118:
4916:
4504:
3626:
3235:
2926:
2231:
2226:
1713:
1600:
1419:
1016:
227:
3803:
3699:
3694:
2954:
2949:
665:
6575:
6570:
6545:
5128:
4863:
3252:
2295:
1696:
999:
784:
568:
637:
6580:
4378:
3080:
3050:
2583:
2044:
1033:
204:
724:. As a historical definition the term relates to the earliest Christian communities and their long-standing traditions that still exist.
6100:
4169:
3344:
3228:
1859:
1073:
803:, St Paul and St Peter by tradition are noted as the founders of the church of Rome. The churches of Babylon and India being founded by
754:). Much of early Christianity as an underground movement had no overt or established churches, as many of the Early Christians attended
2472:
644:
5698:
5601:
4033:
3972:
3879:
3484:
2916:
2183:
1511:
Church in Communion with the Bishop of Rome with a membership approaching four million adherents. The other denominations include the
72:
4453:
4084:
3987:
2558:
2497:
2456:
2371:
2272:
1131:
807:
and also by Saint Paul. The churches of southern Asia, Armenia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Georgia, the Balkans and Eastern Bloc states and
684:
76:
6337:
3090:
1134:, have been converted into a church in Paul's memory. This is a structure still standing that dates from the time of the Apostles.
6115:
6014:
5473:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4856:
4707:
4447:
4441:
4059:
4046:
3997:
3724:
3654:
2178:
1520:
1516:
1512:
651:
92:
1485:
St. Thomas Christians are natives of the southern Indian state of Kerala. These Christians of Malabar trace their roots back to
750:. Christianity was an underground movement, having been in conflict with Judaism and then also with the Pagan Roman Empire (see
6585:
6200:
5930:
5669:
5626:
5499:
5309:
5272:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4911:
4702:
4489:
4348:
4069:
3639:
3216:
2748:
2236:
2017:
1883:
415:
151:
2522:
1862:, said to have been founded by Saint Thomas. In the 5th century the Church of the East offered protection to followers of the
6514:
6482:
6309:
6228:
5905:
5659:
5429:
5345:
5236:
4772:
4422:
2861:
1553:
1524:
622:
633:
1466:
set to define the Christian faith and tradition. It is this origin founded by Christ, his apostles, the seventy disciples,
950:
The churches that were the original churches founded by the Apostles were later established as authority centers under the
6504:
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5915:
5713:
5683:
5524:
5375:
5328:
5066:
4687:
4282:
3634:
2868:
2142:
1373:
530:
189:
23:
1072:
structure of the church is based on Judaism, as was the lay out of the church once Christianity became legal. Systematic
5693:
4416:
3767:
3664:
3466:
3290:
2936:
2911:
254:
6057:
5703:
5688:
5674:
5581:
5571:
5061:
4789:
4606:
4465:
4363:
4357:
4327:
3314:
2894:
2851:
2811:
2787:
2694:
1961:
1929:
1489:, the Apostle who arrived along the Malabar Coast in the year AD 52. In their tradition, St. Thomas is referred to as
470:
199:
168:
163:
158:
109:
1201:. As a common characteristic of Eastern Christianity each shares the standard liturgy structure which came from the
6590:
5708:
5576:
5380:
4433:
4333:
4240:
3479:
3424:
3412:
3278:
2792:
2699:
2684:
1541:
1536:
1116:
113:
611:
6487:
5970:
5434:
5324:
4408:
4296:
4215:
4120:
3977:
3297:
2689:
2173:
1895:
1545:
875:
783:
brother of Jesus (by Eastern tradition a step brother to Jesus as Joseph was a widower) as the established first
365:
235:
99:
80:
2570:
2260:
6509:
6477:
6372:
6052:
5865:
5358:
5294:
4646:
4510:
4304:
3509:
3489:
3376:
3321:
3309:
2422:
2021:
1987:
1965:
1871:
1628:
1549:
1442:
1143:
1096:
310:
173:
2389:"The Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom, used by the Ukrainian Lutheran Church, and its missing elements"
1450:
Greek as the language of the Empire. It was this language that the earliest Christians' text were written in.
2059:. The Armenian body of the Church officially severed ties with the West in 554, during the second Council of
658:
5720:
5596:
5478:
5277:
4879:
4591:
4498:
4079:
3856:
3494:
3429:
3285:
3273:
3173:
3070:
3055:
2880:
2679:
2221:
2037:
2013:
1925:
1879:
1820:
1755:
1668:
1480:
1194:
976:
773:
768:
communities' founding Apostle. To establish Christianity in their respective regions. Tradition stated that
209:
4712:
3546:
1886:— as defining its faith tradition. Despite severe persecutions, the Church of the East prospered under the
6440:
6327:
5945:
5566:
5487:
4895:
4631:
4616:
4474:
4248:
4229:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4095:
3992:
3967:
3921:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3388:
3369:
2989:
2720:
2660:
2193:
2188:
2168:
1804:
1202:
713:
138:
88:
64:
1103:. Of the underground churches that existed before legalization, some are recorded to have existed as the
6435:
6377:
6268:
6263:
6141:
6135:
5935:
5483:
5448:
5353:
5267:
5049:
3381:
2158:
1454:
1198:
901:
435:
5561:
3659:
2931:
2307:
6425:
6382:
6332:
6120:
6072:
6067:
6042:
5878:
5832:
5735:
5725:
5554:
5405:
5319:
5091:
5081:
5044:
4762:
4596:
4571:
3914:
3357:
2873:
2829:
2725:
2606:
2068:
2029:
2005:
1733:
1686:
1680:
1652:
1610:
which from a traditional perspective, are the culmination and also a continuation of previous church
1596:
1582:
989:
970:
792:
733:
717:
543:
390:
31:
1924:
The Church of the East spread widely through Asia, establishing churches and dioceses in India (the
6449:
6430:
6258:
6170:
6165:
6092:
5893:
5810:
5785:
5664:
5644:
5591:
5492:
5390:
5287:
5255:
5199:
4837:
4811:
4666:
4651:
4611:
4192:
3982:
3790:
2619:
2213:
2076:
2060:
2025:
1875:
1768:
1745:
1728:
1672:
1504:
1463:
1438:
1234:
980:
867:
841:
556:
510:
450:
84:
1827:, though splits and realignments happened later. The East Syrian tradition was represented by the
1229:, the same offices identified in the New Testament and found in the early church. Bishops include
6397:
6147:
6077:
5994:
5982:
5959:
5755:
5529:
5370:
5314:
5304:
5106:
4890:
4722:
4626:
4556:
4270:
3902:
3326:
3302:
3025:
2846:
2816:
2730:
2623:
2048:
2009:
1855:
1828:
1759:
1749:
1708:
1632:
1607:
1590:
1011:
924:
920:
916:
871:
837:
804:
760:
104:
59:
5468:
1635:
and the churches of Asia, parted ways in schism with the Eastern Orthodox Church, the church of
1189:). The final uniformity of liturgical services became solidified after the church established a
2473:"Iraq's Church Bombers vs. Muhammad | Christianity Today |A Magazine of Evangelical Conviction"
2418:
1986:
was signed. One side effect of this meeting was that the Assyrian Church's relationship to the
1783:. Christianity had a strong presence from the early days of the Church, particularly among the
6322:
6241:
6236:
6190:
6185:
6130:
5999:
5795:
5180:
5101:
5039:
4767:
4531:
4206:
3911:
3240:
3186:
3111:
2921:
2554:
2452:
2367:
2291:
2268:
2120:
1999:
1979:
1808:
1723:
1648:
1615:
1586:
1254:
905:
897:
856:
833:
791:
being the establisher of the church in Jerusalem with St James. Saint Peter as also the first
445:
68:
54:
6082:
6022:
5410:
5395:
5096:
5076:
5071:
5054:
5034:
4656:
4581:
4387:
4263:
4200:
4130:
4115:
3937:
3807:
3681:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3364:
3352:
2884:
2801:
2476:
2095:
1851:
1800:
1796:
1497:
1278:
1108:
966:
800:
796:
795:. Whereas by tradition the churches of Greece and the Mediterranean Islands were founded by
298:
276:
6455:
6357:
6295:
6037:
5988:
5534:
5189:
4749:
4732:
4727:
4551:
4546:
4223:
3810:
of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.
3676:
3526:
3474:
2889:
2146:
1915:
1891:
1887:
1847:
1816:
1784:
1391:
893:
879:
747:
480:
475:
271:
2501:
1043:
The church as established in the Middle East was done so under the concept of unity i.e.
716:
and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. It is contrasted with
6459:
6445:
6420:
6415:
6206:
6180:
6110:
5925:
5827:
5822:
5805:
5745:
5639:
5586:
5415:
5335:
5184:
4825:
4692:
4682:
4636:
4576:
4308:
4286:
4150:
4107:
3719:
3711:
3644:
3116:
2974:
2631:
2337:
2283:
2133:
2125:
1700:
1486:
1458:
1401:
1396:
1190:
1166:
1147:
1122:
1069:
1003:
928:
820:
808:
780:
721:
701:
520:
293:
281:
222:
214:
1503:
Among the St. Thomas Christians, now the largest church in terms of membership is the
6529:
6362:
6299:
6288:
6175:
6062:
5965:
5953:
5817:
5790:
5780:
5730:
5463:
5209:
5029:
4799:
4485:
4344:
4125:
3669:
2984:
2979:
2740:
2715:
2615:
2084:
2056:
1975:
1957:
1561:
1319:
1314:
1289:
1186:
1182:
845:
375:
360:
340:
303:
288:
264:
133:
3806:
with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the
1902:. During the era of the Islamic Empire, the Church of the East was made a protected
6387:
6317:
6195:
6004:
5975:
5842:
5539:
5282:
5241:
4641:
4601:
4561:
4319:
4089:
3649:
3265:
3045:
3040:
3035:
2834:
2824:
2797:
2771:
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Oriental Orthodoxy developed in reaction to Chalcedon on the eastern limit of the
2571:'The last Assyrians', a history of Aramaic speaking Christians. Documentary film
1647:
Later councils to define the tenets of the community of Christianity, caused the
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2308:"NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils – Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
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because it rejected the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, which condemned
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caused it to be an underground movement. The first above-ground churches were
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Orthodox Identities in Western Europe: Migration, Settlement and Innovation
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UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.
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traditions. The two major bodies in the West Syrian tradition were the
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A marked change in the life of the church occurred in 313 when Emperor
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by Tomas Spidlik, Cistercian Publications Inc Kalamazoo Michigan 1986
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2137:
1945:
1903:
1832:
1704:
1611:
1214:
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1091:). Armenia was the first country to legalize Christianity around 301
1007:
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has a long history. It was traditionally centered in Persian ruled
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2523:"Antiochian Orthodox Archidioces of Australia & New Zealand"
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Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia
1949:
1937:
1824:
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founded in the small Jewish Christian community in Egypt as the
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demanded the protection of the Assyrian people of Mesopotamia.
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2551:
The Spirituality of the Christian East: A systematic handbook
2265:
The Spirituality of the Christian East: A systematic handbook
1683:
the Coptic churches and Byzantine churches went into schism.
1606:
disputes from the 4th century onwards led to the calling of
1462:
the early writings of the Church fathers and then later the
1493:
which translates roughly as Lord/Saint Thomas the Apostle.
2110:
Ecumenism between Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy
1846:
The Church of the East (most of whose members are ethnic
195:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia
1858:. The Church traces its roots after the apostles to the
178:
Eastern Rite Community in Germany and the Czech Republic
2451:. Ukrainian Congress Committee of America. p. 94.
1337:
Post Legalized Christianity and the Ecumenical Councils
6465:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
3834:
Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
2267:, Cistercian Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1986.
215:
P'ent'ay - Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelical Churches
2362:
Hämmerli, Maria; Mayer, Jean-François (23 May 2016).
1968:, which eventually entered into communion with Rome.
1241:. Priests (also called presbyters or elders) include
1126:). Today the gates though which Paul escaped, named
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2659:
1627:It was not until the third ecumenical council (see
625:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2419:"Why is the Lutheran Church a Liturgical Church?"
1064:Ecclesiastical structure of the Eastern churches
2290:, St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, London, 1995.
2115:churches. There has been an attempt to achieve
185:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)
2004:Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the communion of
1028:Common characteristics of Eastern Christianity
4864:
4177:
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3859:whose autonomy is not universally recognized.
3158:
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2153:The following Oriental Orthodox churches are
2032:(451). Hence, these Churches are also called
2008:Churches that recognize only the first three
1651:community to part in schism as well (see the
752:Persecution of early Christians by the Romans
576:
8:
1787:of the region who spoke various dialects of
1659:Nationalistic ecclesiastical characteristics
1548:around 1926. It sprung up in the region of
969:), i.e. the Pope, the only Pentarch in the
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4849:
4807:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations
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2047:is considered the spiritual leader of the
1850:) traced its origins to the evangelism of
738:Christianity as a religion was founded by
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18:
4092:: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches
3537:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
1874:. As such it accepted only the first two
1074:persecution of the early Christian church
685:Learn how and when to remove this message
3773:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
2242:Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in America
1152:Liturgical services and in specific the
6541:Eastern Christianity in the Middle East
6289:Fostering of early experimental science
4778:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
4029:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
3795:
2253:
1906:community and largely maintained their
1795:. Syriac Christianity was divided into
30:
6393:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
4505:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
3763:Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches
2232:History of the Russian Orthodox Church
2227:History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
1928:), Central Asia, and China, home to a
1601:History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
1558:persecution under the Communist régime
1420:Orthodox Christianity (disambiguation)
228:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
4090:Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches
3183:Autocephalous and autonomous churches
181:Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia
7:
6596:Christianity in the Byzantine Empire
2045:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
1866:movement, declared heretical in the
1425:Roman Empire and Byzantine Orthodoxy
1034:Christian funeral rites in Byzantium
623:adding citations to reliable sources
223:Society for Eastern Rite Anglicanism
205:Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church
3557:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
2350:The Indian Christians of St. Thomas
1181:) and reading from the Scriptures (
1173:services, including the singing of
6556:History of Christianity in Ukraine
4034:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
3973:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
3510:Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)
2387:Bebis, Vassilios (30 March 2013).
2184:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1639:which was still united with Rome.
1527:(Syro-Malankara Catholic Church).
14:
4783:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
4454:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
4085:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
3988:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
3485:Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
3480:Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2449:The Ukrainian Heritage in America
2342:The Apostle Thomas in North India
1984:Common Christological Declaration
1273:Pre-Ecumenical Christian heresies
1132:Second Epistle to the Corinthians
1107:in Europe, Rome, and also in the
634:"History of Eastern Christianity"
174:Believers Eastern Church of India
4831:
4448:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
4442:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
4060:Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church
4054:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
4006:
3998:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
3784:
3725:Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom
3655:State church of the Roman Empire
3567:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
3505:Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)
3456:
2761:
2332:, pp.1-71, 213-97; M. R. James,
2206:
2179:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church
1982:took place in the Vatican and a
1560:, which implemented a policy of
1525:Malankara Syriac Catholic Church
1521:Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church
1517:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1513:Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church
1217:of the Eastern Churches are the
1138:Ecclesiastic services or liturgy
599:
38:
6536:History of Eastern Christianity
3640:First seven ecumenical councils
3527:Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2917:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
2709:Independent Churches/Communions
2237:Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece
2018:First Council of Constantinople
1884:First Council of Constantinople
1552:and its rites are based on the
1059:Eastern Christian ecclesiastics
610:needs additional citations for
6561:Eastern Christianity in Africa
6252:Separation of church and state
5921:Formal and material principles
5906:Separation of church and state
4773:Assyrian independence movement
4423:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
3686:Moscow–Constantinople schisms
2941:Moscow–Constantinople schisms
1554:Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
1:
6566:Eastern Christianity in Egypt
6551:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
5916:Hymnody of continental Europe
5067:Apostles in the New Testament
3635:Apostles in the New Testament
3612:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3532:Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)
3515:Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)
3500:Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)
2344:, chapter 4:30; V. A. Smith,
2143:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
1374:Macedonians (religious group)
1261:Ascetic or Charismatic orders
823:as founders of the church of
190:Evangelical Church of Romania
6576:Eastern Christianity in Iraq
6571:Eastern Christianity in Iran
6546:History of Eastern Orthodoxy
3855:Semi-autonomous part of the
3768:Eastern Orthodoxy by country
3091:Essence–energies distinction
2912:Christianization of Bulgaria
2330:India and The Apostle Thomas
1446:implementation of common or
704:religion with its origin in
6581:Assyrian Church of the East
5364:Eastern Orthodox opposition
4790:Terms for Syriac Christians
4607:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
4466:Assyrian Church of the East
4364:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
4358:Assyrian Evangelical Church
4328:Assyrian Church of the East
3495:China (Moscow Patriarchate)
3490:Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)
2895:Antiochian Greek Christians
2793:Christianization of Georgia
2788:Christianization of Armenia
2695:Assyrian Church of the East
2498:"Orthodox Church Relations"
2147:Melkite Patriarch Maximos V
2119:between the Antiochian and
1962:Assyrian Church of the East
1894:empires and, following the
844:). Also important were the
200:Evangelical Orthodox Church
169:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
164:Assyrian Evangelical Church
159:Armenian Evangelical Church
6612:
5381:Art patronage of Julius II
4334:Ancient Church of the East
3204:Four ancient patriarchates
2945:15th–16th centuries schism
2869:Oriental Orthodox Churches
2700:Ancient Church of the East
2685:Oriental Orthodox Churches
2417:Webber, David Jay (1992).
2049:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1997:
1831:, the Christian church of
1753:
1743:
1594:
1576:
1542:Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
1537:Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
1534:
1531:Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
1519:(Indian Orthodox Church),
1515:(Jacobite Syrian Church),
1478:
1417:
1276:
1267:Monastic or Ascetic Orders
1141:
1117:Derinkuyu Underground City
1031:
731:
700:has been, historically, a
232:St. Valentine's Fellowship
219:Russian Evangelical Church
6473:
5884:Calvinist–Arminian debate
4886:
4820:
4392:(active 1st century–1601)
4121:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
4004:
3978:Armenian Apostolic Church
3909:
3781:
3587:Great Britain and Ireland
3454:
3180:
2759:
2690:Eastern Catholic Churches
2613:
2447:Dushnyck, Walter (1991).
2366:. Routledge. p. 13.
2174:Armenian Apostolic Church
1896:Muslim conquest of Persia
1546:Ukrainian Lutheran Church
539:Index of related articles
526:Eastern Christian history
236:Ukrainian Lutheran Church
6373:Christian existentialism
4647:Dionysius of Vattasseril
4511:Believers Eastern Church
4305:Chaldean Catholic Church
3617:United States of America
3522:Semi-autonomous churches
3401:Czech Lands and Slovakia
2423:Bethany Lutheran College
2334:Apocryphal New Testament
2087:this position is called
1988:Chaldean Catholic Church
1966:Chaldean Catholic Church
1872:First Council of Ephesus
1643:Oriental Orthodox Church
1629:First Council of Ephesus
1507:, a major archepiscopal
1144:Eastern Orthodox Worship
311:Eastern Catholic liturgy
248:Eastern liturgical rites
4880:History of Christianity
4838:Christianity portal
4592:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
4499:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
4379:Saint Thomas Christians
3857:Russian Orthodox Church
3791:Christianity portal
3174:Eastern Orthodox Church
2927:Eastern Orthodox Church
2881:Saint Thomas Christians
2680:Eastern Orthodox Church
2310:. Ccel.org. 1 June 2005
2222:History of Christianity
2024:(431) — and reject the
2014:First Council of Nicaea
1944:/Turkey, north western
1926:Saint Thomas Christians
1821:Eastern Catholic Church
1756:Saint Thomas Christians
1481:Saint Thomas Christians
1475:Saint Thomas Christians
1195:Apostolic Constitutions
1130:, and mentioned in the
774:Patriarch of Alexandria
210:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
6586:Coptic Orthodox Church
6441:Fourth Great Awakening
6328:Second Great Awakening
5567:Fall of Constantinople
5359:Development of primacy
4632:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
4617:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
4475:Chaldean Syrian Church
4249:Syriac Orthodox Church
4230:Syriac Catholic Church
4146:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
4141:Liturgy of Saint Basil
4136:Liturgy of Saint James
4096:Celtic Orthodox Church
3993:Syriac Orthodox Church
3968:Coptic Orthodox Church
3804:severed full communion
3735:Liturgy of Saint James
3730:Liturgy of Saint Basil
3195:Autocephalous churches
2726:True Orthodox churches
2721:Spiritual Christianity
2348:, p.235; L. W. Brown,
2346:Early History of India
2194:Syriac Orthodox Church
2189:Indian Orthodox Church
2169:Coptic Orthodox Church
2083:and other versions of
1823:in communion with the
1805:Syriac Orthodox Church
1720:), currently in Turkey
1693:), currently in Turkey
1556:. The Church suffered
1203:Liturgy of Saint James
1023:), currently in Turkey
996:), currently in Turkey
934:and Eastern European (
785:Patriarch of Jerusalem
128:Independent communions
6436:Reformed epistemology
6378:Third Great Awakening
6348:Seventh-day Adventist
6269:First Great Awakening
6142:Book of Common Prayer
5936:Protestant work ethic
5479:Independent Catholics
5430:Monastery dissolution
3740:Liturgy of Saint Mark
2749:Eastern Protestantism
2622:that developed since
2034:Old Oriental Churches
1754:Further information:
1455:Constantine the Great
1414:Orthodox Christianity
1199:Clementine literature
1193:, being based on the
927:, Slavic Christians,
836:of the Apostles (see
720:, which developed in
416:Eastern Protestantism
152:Eastern Protestantism
49:Mainstream communions
6259:Edicts of toleration
6068:Three Forms of Unity
5833:Bohemian Reformation
5406:Catholic Reformation
5263:Roman state religion
5082:Council of Jerusalem
4763:Assyrian nationalism
4708:Koy Sanjaq Christian
4693:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
4683:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
4597:Dionysius bar Salibi
4572:Philoxenus of Mabbug
4425:(West Syriac) (1932)
4419:(East Syriac) (1665)
2874:Council of Chalcedon
2620:Christian traditions
2607:Eastern Christianity
2069:Council of Chalcedon
2030:Council of Chalcedon
2026:dogmatic definitions
1734:Patriarch of Romania
1681:Council of Chalcedon
1653:Council of Chalcedon
1631:) that the Assyrian
1597:Eastern Christianity
1583:Councils of Carthage
1039:Eastern Christianity
971:Western Roman Empire
793:Patriarch of Antioch
734:Eastern Christianity
718:Western Christianity
710:Eastern Christianity
619:improve this article
544:Western Christianity
32:Eastern Christianity
6431:Liberation theology
6338:Jehovah's Witnesses
6171:Radical Reformation
5899:Resistance theories
5786:Christian mysticism
5781:Early Scholasticism
5493:Ecclesial community
5391:Counter-Reformation
5256:Constantinian shift
4812:Syriac sacral music
4667:Baselios Paulose II
4652:Geevarghese Ivanios
4612:Abraham of Angamaly
4417:Syro-Malabar Church
4193:Syriac Christianity
4016:Autonomous churches
3983:Holy See of Cilicia
3467:Autonomous churches
2650:, and parts of the
2288:The Orthodox Church
2214:Christianity portal
2077:Cyril of Alexandria
2010:ecumenical councils
1930:Nestorian community
1876:Ecumenical Councils
1769:Syriac Christianity
1746:Syriac Christianity
1740:Syriac Christianity
1729:Patriarch of Moscow
1608:ecumenical councils
1568:Ecumenical Councils
1505:Syro-Malabar Church
1464:Ecumenical councils
1439:Alexander the Great
906:Egyptian Christians
876:Armenian Christians
868:Assyrian Christians
842:Ananias of Damascus
714:Northeastern Africa
557:Christianity portal
511:Christian mysticism
324:Major controversies
100:Eastern Catholicism
6505:Oriental Orthodoxy
6148:King James Version
5960:Ninety-five Theses
5756:Apostolic Brethren
5530:Church of the East
5525:Oriental Orthodoxy
5371:Crusading movement
4891:Early Christianity
4688:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
4627:Abraham Koorilos I
4557:Severus of Antioch
4490:Eastern Protestant
4349:Eastern Protestant
4277:"Nestorian Church"
4271:Church of the East
4047:Malankara Jacobite
4023:Armenian Apostolic
3903:Oriental Orthodoxy
3607:Spain and Portugal
2847:Church of the East
2817:Ecumenical council
2768:Christ Pantocrator
2624:Early Christianity
2022:Council of Ephesus
1994:Oriental Orthodoxy
1952:and north eastern
1829:Church of the East
1815:) church, and the
1791:, the language of
1760:Church of the East
1750:Kurdish Christians
1633:Church of the East
1623:Church of the East
1591:Councils of Arabia
1443:Hellenistic Empire
1109:underground cities
1097:King Tiridates III
925:Turkish Christians
921:Kurdish Christians
917:Persian Christians
872:Aramean Christians
838:Thaddeus of Edessa
761:underground cities
105:Church of the East
60:Oriental Orthodoxy
6591:Church patriarchs
6523:
6522:
6500:Eastern Orthodoxy
6368:Finnish Awakening
6323:Holiness movement
6264:Congregationalism
6223:
6222:
6083:Metrical psalters
5520:Eastern Orthodoxy
5464:Neo-Scholasticism
5171:Canon development
5072:Jewish Christians
4846:
4845:
4768:Assyrian homeland
4756:Assyrian genocide
4532:Ephrem the Syrian
4520:
4519:
4434:Oriental Orthodox
4373:
4372:
4258:
4257:
4241:Oriental Orthodox
4207:Church of Antioch
4159:
4158:
3944:and parts of the
3912:Eastern Christian
3869:
3868:
3452:
3451:
3187:Eastern Orthodoxy
3140:
3139:
3112:Sign of the cross
2922:Turkic Christians
2757:
2756:
2328:A. E. Medlycott,
2296:978-0-913836-58-3
2121:Oriental Orthodox
2038:Eastern Orthodoxy
2006:Eastern Christian
2000:Oriental Orthodox
1980:Pope John Paul II
1880:Council of Nicaea
1809:Oriental Orthodox
1724:Serbian Patriarch
1649:Oriental Orthodox
1616:Synods of Antioch
1587:Synods of Antioch
1573:Eastern Orthodoxy
1255:Quinisext Council
898:Indian Christians
857:Jewish Christians
834:Seventy Disciples
742:(8–2 BC to 29–36
695:
694:
687:
669:
593:
592:
139:Spiritual Russian
96:
69:Orthodox Tewahedo
55:Eastern Orthodoxy
16:Aspect of history
6603:
5942:
5329:Non-Chalcedonian
5310:Constantinople I
5102:General epistles
5097:Pauline epistles
5077:Paul the Apostle
5055:Great Commission
4873:
4866:
4859:
4850:
4836:
4835:
4723:Syriac Malayalam
4657:Coorilos Paulose
4582:Isaac the Syrian
4409:Eastern Catholic
4405:
4388:Malankara Church
4297:Eastern Catholic
4293:
4216:Eastern Catholic
4212:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4163:
4131:West Syriac Rite
4116:Alexandrian Rite
4010:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3860:
3853:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3811:
3800:
3789:
3788:
3682:Old Calendarists
3660:East–West Schism
3523:
3460:
3200:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3144:
2932:East–West Schism
2885:Malankara Church
2802:Byzantine Empire
2770:(circa 1261) in
2765:
2668:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2525:. Archived from
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2475:. Archived from
2469:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2359:
2353:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2304:
2298:
2281:
2275:
2258:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2096:Byzantine Empire
1940:, south eastern
1779:and Roman ruled
1703:), currently in
1679:note: After the
1675:), currently in
1498:Synod of Diamper
1491:Mar Thoma Sleeha
1432:Imperium Romanum
1279:Christian heresy
1177:(especially the
1006:), currently in
983:), currently in
902:Greek Christians
690:
683:
679:
676:
670:
668:
627:
603:
595:
585:
578:
571:
471:Antiochian Greek
117:
62:
42:
19:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6469:
6456:Christian right
6358:Oxford Movement
6333:Restorationists
6304:
6219:
6152:
6087:
6038:Presbyterianism
6009:
5989:Book of Concord
5940:
5864:
5862:
5854:
5621:
5511:
5504:
5340:
5239:
5231:
5190:Clement of Rome
5120:
5113:
5017:
5011:
4900:
4882:
4877:
4847:
4842:
4830:
4824:* Defunct with
4816:
4750:Assyrian people
4738:
4671:
4552:Jacob of Serugh
4547:Jacob Baradaeus
4516:
4480:
4459:
4428:
4393:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4369:
4339:
4314:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4254:
4235:
4224:Maronite Church
4204:
4195:
4190:
4160:
4155:
4102:
4071:
4064:
4041:Syriac Orthodox
4011:
4002:
3959:
3952:
3905:
3900:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3814:
3801:
3797:
3783:
3777:
3751:
3706:
3677:Catacomb Church
3621:
3592:Italy and Malta
3548:
3541:
3521:
3461:
3448:
3437:North Macedonia
3339:
3333:
3259:
3189:
3176:
3171:
3141:
3136:
3100:
3031:Filioque clause
3004:
2963:
2890:Arab Christians
2812:Proto-orthodoxy
2774:
2766:
2753:
2735:
2704:
2662:
2655:
2609:
2604:
2567:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2282:
2278:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2112:
2067:formula of the
2002:
1996:
1916:Islamic Prophet
1817:Maronite Church
1785:Semitic peoples
1766:
1752:
1744:Main articles:
1742:
1661:
1645:
1625:
1603:
1595:Main articles:
1593:
1575:
1570:
1539:
1533:
1483:
1477:
1457:proclaimed the
1427:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1392:Semipelagianism
1334:
1281:
1275:
1263:
1247:protopresbyters
1211:
1150:
1140:
1066:
1061:
1041:
1036:
1030:
954:of Patriarchs.
948:
894:Arab Christians
854:
748:Twelve Apostles
736:
730:
691:
680:
674:
671:
628:
626:
616:
604:
589:
549:
548:
535:
505:
497:
496:
495:
465:
457:
456:
455:
430:
422:
421:
420:
325:
317:
316:
315:
249:
241:
240:
154:
144:
143:
129:
121:
120:
107:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6609:
6607:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6528:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6453:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6421:Pentecostalism
6418:
6416:Jesus movement
6413:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6210:
6207:Martyrs Mirror
6203:
6198:
6193:
6191:Martyrs' Synod
6188:
6183:
6181:Swiss Brethren
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5950:
5948:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5926:Law and Gospel
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5607:Ottoman Empire
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5336:Biblical canon
5333:
5332:
5331:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5247:
5245:
5237:Late antiquity
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5185:Church Fathers
5178:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4828:
4826:schism of 1552
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4637:Cyril VI Tanas
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4577:Thomas of Cana
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4495:
4493:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4469:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4354:
4352:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4331:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4209:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4151:Malankara Rite
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4005:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3954:
3953:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3845:
3836:
3812:
3794:
3793:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3720:Byzantine Rite
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Church Fathers
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3349:
3347:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3253:Theophilos III
3245:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3212:Constantinople
3208:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Divine Liturgy
3114:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2632:Eastern Europe
2614:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2514:
2489:
2464:
2457:
2439:
2409:
2379:
2372:
2354:
2338:J. N. Farquhar
2336:, pp.364-436;
2321:
2299:
2284:Kallistos Ware
2276:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2159:full communion
2134:concelebration
2126:Christological
2111:
2108:
2020:(381) and the
2016:(325 AD), the
1998:Main article:
1995:
1992:
1990:was improved.
1898:, the Islamic
1860:See of Babylon
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1714:Constantinople
1711:
1694:
1684:
1660:
1657:
1644:
1641:
1624:
1621:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1535:Main article:
1532:
1529:
1479:Main article:
1476:
1473:
1459:Edict of Milan
1426:
1423:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:Psilanthropism
1399:
1397:Priscillianism
1394:
1385:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1277:Main article:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1210:
1207:
1191:Biblical canon
1148:Divine Liturgy
1139:
1136:
1123:Cave monastery
1070:ecclesiastical
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1017:Constantinople
1014:
997:
987:
974:
947:
944:
853:
850:
821:St Bartholomew
809:Constantinople
732:Main article:
729:
726:
722:Western Europe
702:Middle Eastern
693:
692:
607:
605:
598:
591:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
551:
550:
547:
546:
541:
534:
533:
528:
523:
521:Divine Liturgy
518:
513:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
494:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Three Chapters
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
314:
313:
308:
307:
306:
296:
291:
286:
285:
284:
279:
269:
268:
267:
262:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
230:
225:
220:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
179:
176:
171:
166:
161:
155:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
102:
97:
57:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6608:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6510:Protestantism
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6383:Azusa Revival
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:Laestadianism
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6300:Old Lutherans
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Diet of Worms
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5866:Protestantism
5861:
5857:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5617:North America
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5227:Early African
5225:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Justin Martyr
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5030:Life of Jesus
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:Apostolic Age
5014:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4800:Phoenicianism
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4389:
4380:
4376:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Armenian Rite
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:British Isles
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4009:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3958:Autocephalous
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:autocephalous
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3670:Old Believers
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Latin America
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:Autocephalous
3336:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:patriarchates
3262:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3217:Bartholomew I
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:New Testament
2983:
2981:
2980:Old Testament
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2741:Protestantism
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Old Believers
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:Cultural area
2612:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:0-87907-879-0
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2529:on 2010-05-16
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2504:on 2007-11-12
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2479:on 2006-09-15
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2458:9781879001008
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2373:9781317084914
2369:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:0-87907-879-0
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:Tomáš Špidlík
2257:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:autocephalous
2151:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:Monophysitism
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:monophysitism
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
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1187:New Testament
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946:The Pentarchy
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852:Ethnic groups
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675:December 2023
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636: –
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630:Find sources:
624:
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608:This article
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376:Monothelitism
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361:Caesaropapism
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341:Monophysitism
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29:
25:
21:
20:
6426:Charismatics
6409:
6388:Gospel music
6318:Camp meeting
6310:1789–present
6242:Missionaries
6212:
6205:
6196:Menno Simons
6140:
6136:Church music
5987:
5958:
5843:Conciliarism
5828:Papal Schism
5670:Scandinavian
5562:Great Schism
5540:Nestorianism
5512:Christianity
5509:
5444:priest holes
5325:Chalcedonian
5288:Christianity
5242:Great Church
5050:Resurrection
4735:(Liturgical)
4642:Elias Mellus
4602:Bar Hebraeus
4562:Paul the Jew
4386:
4276:
4269:
4203:, legacy of
4053:
4040:
4022:
3839:
3798:
3747:Western Rite
3690:15th–16th c.
3650:Great Church
3370:Ieronymos II
3345:metropolises
3341:archdioceses
3046:Nestorianism
3041:Dyophysitism
3036:Miaphysitism
3026:Apophaticism
2990:Deuterocanon
2835:Paulicianism
2825:Nestorianism
2798:Roman Empire
2779:
2772:Hagia Sophia
2767:
2550:
2545:Bibliography
2531:. Retrieved
2527:the original
2517:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2492:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:the original
2467:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2428:18 September
2426:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2398:18 September
2396:. Retrieved
2382:
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2329:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2302:
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2152:
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2089:miaphysitism
2042:
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2003:
1983:
1970:
1923:
1868:Roman Empire
1856:Saint Thomas
1845:
1801:Eastern Rite
1793:Jesus Christ
1767:
1764:Nestorianism
1662:
1646:
1626:
1604:
1540:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1452:
1436:
1428:
1379:Paulicianism
1349:Apollinarism
1336:
1335:
1330:Sabellianism
1282:
1212:
1151:
1120:
1085:
1077:
1067:
1053:
1042:
949:
855:
778:
740:Jesus Christ
737:
709:
698:Christianity
697:
696:
681:
672:
662:
655:
648:
641:
629:
617:Please help
612:verification
609:
525:
504:Other topics
401:Paulicianism
386:Dyothelitism
371:Monoenergism
351:Dyophysitism
346:Miaphysitism
336:Nestorianism
6515:Catholicism
6452:Protestants
6446:Evangelical
6121:39 Articles
6116:Elizabethan
6093:Anglicanism
6073:Westminster
5983:Melanchthon
5946:Lutheranism
5911:Nicodemites
5889:Arminianism
5860:Reformation
5801:Bonaventure
5776:Inquisition
5771:Waldensians
5721:Investiture
5699:Kievan Rus'
5655:Anglo-Saxon
5635:Pelagianism
5627:Middle Ages
5550:Iconodulism
5425:Thomas More
5346:Catholicism
5268:Monasticism
5251:Constantine
5176:Persecution
5134:Adoptionism
5119:Ante-Nicene
5062:Holy Spirit
5045:Crucifixion
5016:Origins and
4917:2nd and 3rd
4662:Thoma Darmo
4525:Key figures
4464:Nestorian (
4266:, legacy of
4264:East Syriac
4201:West Syriac
4070:Independent
3946:Middle East
3602:Scandinavia
3229:Theodore II
3122:Iconography
3096:Metousiosis
2955:2018 schism
2950:1996 schism
2648:South India
2640:East Africa
2628:Middle East
2565:Filmography
2131:Eucharistic
2053:monophysite
1934:Mesopotamia
1841:Mesopotamia
1813:Monophysite
1797:West Syrian
1777:Mesopotamia
1407:Socinianism
1388:Pelagianism
1359:Anomoeanism
1243:archpriests
1231:archbishops
531:Monasticism
516:Christology
381:Dyoenergism
299:East Syriac
277:West Syriac
255:Alexandrian
6530:Categories
6237:Revivalism
6158:Anabaptism
6106:Henry VIII
5931:Literature
5555:Iconoclasm
5535:Chrysostom
5488:Vatican II
5454:Jansenists
5440:Mass rocks
5376:Lateran IV
5295:Athanasius
5215:Tertullian
5159:Marcionism
5154:Gnosticism
5107:Revelation
5025:Background
4587:John Maron
4486:Protestant
4345:Protestant
3549:Assemblies
3430:Epiphanius
3382:Anastasios
3358:George III
3224:Alexandria
3132:Omophorion
3127:Asceticism
3081:Hypostasis
3066:Philokalia
2995:Septuagint
2968:Scriptures
2905:Ghassanids
2840:Bogomilism
2830:Iconoclasm
2731:Tolstoyans
2672:Communions
2644:Asia Minor
2533:2008-02-20
2508:2008-02-20
2483:2007-06-27
2352:, p.49-59.
2314:10 October
2248:References
2065:dyophysite
2063:where the
1852:Saint Paul
1669:Alexandria
1577:See also:
1487:St. Thomas
1468:Patristics
1418:See also:
1369:Messalians
1364:Iconoclasm
1310:Marcionism
1305:Gnosticism
1251:subdeacons
1239:patriarchs
1142:See also:
1101:Diocletian
1088:Echmiadzin
1078:officially
1049:ecumenical
1032:See also:
977:Alexandria
940:Christians
932:Christians
913:Christians
890:Christians
883:Christians
864:Christians
829:St Matthew
746:) and his
645:newspapers
429:Traditions
406:Bogomilism
391:Iconoclasm
272:Antiochene
6403:Ecumenism
6353:Adventism
6343:Mormonism
6279:Millerism
6274:Methodism
6229:1640–1789
6131:Civil War
6078:Orthodoxy
6033:Huguenots
6015:Calvinism
6000:Eucharist
5995:Orthodoxy
5879:Eucharist
5811:Five Ways
5761:Dulcinian
5714:Pomerania
5640:Gregory I
5484:Vatican I
5474:Modernism
5459:Molinists
5449:Guadalupe
5320:Chalcedon
5315:Ephesus I
5305:Augustine
5181:Apostolic
5164:Montanism
5129:Diversity
4905:Centuries
4676:Languages
4542:Nestorius
4383:legacy of
4320:Nestorian
3915:communion
3406:Rastislav
3291:Porfirije
3248:Jerusalem
3076:Theotokos
3016:Hesychasm
2821:Heresies
2663:divisions
2117:ecumenism
2081:Eutychian
1972:Ecumenism
1900:Caliphate
1864:Nestorian
1848:Assyrians
1709:Palestine
1697:Jerusalem
1637:Byzantium
1509:sui juris
1354:Audianism
1325:Montanism
1300:Ebionites
1171:synagogue
1154:Eucharist
1128:Bab Kisan
1121:also see
1105:catacombs
1080:built in
1012:Palestine
1000:Jerusalem
952:Pentarchy
910:Ethiopian
813:St Andrew
805:St Thomas
756:Synagogue
491:Maronites
411:Hesychasm
356:Henotikon
294:Byzantine
282:Malankara
73:Ethiopian
6495:Theology
6483:Missions
6478:Timeline
6450:Mainline
6398:Pacifism
6247:Baptists
6166:Theology
6126:Puritans
6101:Timeline
6043:Scotland
5971:Theology
5818:Wycliffe
5766:Crusades
5741:Bogomils
5694:Bulgaria
5650:Germanic
5602:Ethiopia
5500:Timeline
5278:Nicaea I
5273:Councils
5205:Irenaeus
5200:Ignatius
5195:Polycarp
5149:Donatism
5144:Docetism
5139:Arianism
5040:Ministry
4795:Arameans
4752:/Syriac
4743:See also
4703:Hertevin
4698:Garshuni
4537:Aphrahat
4072:churches
3960:churches
3938:Ethiopia
3922:churches
3808:primates
3802:The ROC
3547:Diaspora
3298:Bulgaria
3061:Phronema
3009:Theology
3000:Peshitta
2652:Far East
2200:See also
2166:Egyptian
2073:Eutyches
1964:and the
1956:and the
1942:Anatolia
1919:Muhammad
1908:autonomy
1892:Sasanian
1888:Parthian
1882:and the
1383:Euchites
1344:Arianism
1295:Donatist
1159:Passover
1115:such as
1113:Anatolia
1045:catholic
887:Maronite
880:Georgian
861:Albanian
789:St Peter
781:St James
765:Anatolia
728:Overview
481:Assyrian
396:Filioque
331:Arianism
289:Armenian
110:Assyrian
81:Armenian
77:Eritrean
24:a series
22:Part of
6488:Martyrs
6284:Pietism
6214:Ausbund
6186:Müntzer
6111:Cranmer
6058:Baptism
6023:Zwingli
5874:Erasmus
5823:Avignon
5806:Aquinas
5796:Francis
5791:Dominic
5751:Cathars
5746:Bosnian
5736:Bernard
5731:Abelard
5704:Moravia
5689:Bohemia
5675:Iceland
5597:Serbian
5577:Georgia
5572:Armenia
5510:Eastern
5411:Jesuits
5087:Gospels
5035:Baptism
4622:Thoma I
4108:Liturgy
3934:Eritrea
3926:Armenia
3712:Liturgy
3627:History
3582:Germany
3562:Austria
3425:Ukraine
3413:America
3377:Albania
3327:Ilia II
3322:Georgia
3310:Romania
3264:Junior
3236:Antioch
3105:Worship
3056:Theoria
3051:Theosis
2900:Melkite
2862:Mongols
2780:History
2626:in the
2157:and in
2136:by the
2098:and in
2028:of the
1910:; in a
1870:at the
1837:Assyria
1833:Persian
1789:Aramaic
1773:Assyria
1687:Antioch
1550:Galicia
1227:deacons
1223:priests
1219:bishops
1082:Armenia
1047:and or
990:Antioch
929:Maltese
825:Armenia
817:St Jude
801:St John
797:St Paul
770:St Mark
706:Judaism
659:scholar
446:Russian
441:Melkite
304:Malabar
114:Ancient
85:Cilicia
6176:Grebel
6028:Calvin
5954:Luther
5848:Synods
5726:Anselm
5709:Poland
5665:Gothic
5660:Franks
5645:Celtic
5612:Russia
5592:Syriac
5582:Greece
5469:Teresa
5416:Xavier
5354:Papacy
5300:Jerome
5220:Origen
5121:period
4896:Spread
4733:Syriac
4728:Turoyo
4718:Senaya
4713:Mlaḥsô
4513:(2017)
4507:(1961)
4501:(1852)
4477:(1701)
4456:(1772)
4450:(1912)
4444:(1665)
4396:Kerala
4366:(1940)
4360:(1870)
4336:(1968)
4330:(1552)
4232:(1662)
3948:, and
3665:Raskol
3577:France
3572:Canada
3442:Stefan
3418:Tikhon
3389:Poland
3365:Greece
3353:Cyprus
3315:Daniel
3303:Daniil
3286:Serbia
3279:Kirill
3274:Russia
3241:John X
3071:Praxis
2937:Raskol
2557:
2455:
2370:
2294:
2271:
2138:clergy
2012:— the
1946:Persia
1914:, the
1904:dhimmi
1878:— the
1835:ruled
1762:, and
1718:Andrew
1705:Israel
1612:synods
1589:, and
1237:, and
1225:, and
1215:clergy
1209:Clergy
1179:Psalms
1169:, and
1163:Siddur
1095:under
1021:Andrew
1008:Israel
961:(Sts.
936:Balkan
661:
654:
647:
640:
632:
464:Groups
451:Syriac
260:Coptic
93:Indian
89:Syriac
65:Coptic
6410:solae
6408:Five
6201:Smyth
6053:TULIP
5976:Bible
5684:Slavs
5587:Egypt
5545:Icons
5396:Trent
5386:Leo X
5283:Creed
4567:Maron
4400:India
4275:(the
4251:(512)
4226:(685)
3950:India
3942:Sudan
3930:Egypt
3924:from
3756:Other
3475:Sinai
3086:Ousia
2975:Canon
2857:India
2852:China
2807:Copts
2661:Main
2636:North
2104:Syria
2100:Egypt
1954:Syria
1912:fatwa
1819:, an
1807:, an
1781:Syria
1716:(St.
1701:James
1699:(St.
1691:Peter
1689:(St.
1677:Egypt
1671:(St.
1579:sobor
1448:Koine
1175:hymns
1167:Seder
1019:(St.
1004:James
1002:(St.
994:Peter
992:(St.
985:Egypt
979:(St.
963:Peter
779:That
666:JSTOR
652:books
486:Copts
436:Greek
265:Ge'ez
6460:left
6458:and
6448:and
6298:and
6296:Neo-
6063:Dort
6048:Knox
5894:Wars
5486:and
5442:and
5435:Wars
5092:Acts
5007:21st
5002:20th
4997:19th
4992:18th
4987:17th
4982:16th
4977:15th
4972:14th
4967:13th
4962:12th
4957:11th
4952:10th
4385:the
4309:1552
4287:1552
4268:the
4205:the
3700:2018
3695:1996
3394:Sawa
3021:Icon
2638:and
2555:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2430:2018
2400:2018
2368:ISBN
2316:2013
2292:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2102:and
2061:Dvin
2043:The
1978:and
1950:Iran
1938:Iraq
1890:and
1854:and
1839:and
1825:pope
1799:and
1748:and
1673:Mark
1599:and
1523:and
1213:The
1197:and
1185:and
1146:and
1086:see
1068:The
981:Mark
967:Paul
965:and
959:Rome
840:and
819:and
799:and
638:news
476:Arab
112:and
75:and
6005:Art
5863:and
5838:Hus
5401:Art
4947:9th
4942:8th
4937:7th
4932:6th
4927:5th
4922:4th
4912:1st
4394:in
4283:410
3917:of
3185:of
2618:of
1183:Old
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