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their trains and locomotives into the river; we shall blow up their bridges; we shall tear up their railroads; we shall consume their shops with fire and ravage their hotels with desperation. A company that has from time to time so unmercifully cut our wages and finally has reduced us to starvation, for such we have, has lost all sympathy. We have humbled ourselves from time to time to unjust demands until our children cry for bread. A company that knows all this, we should ask in the name of high heaven what more do they want -- our blood? They can get our lives. We are willing to sacrifice them, not for the company, but for our rights. Call out your armed hosts if you want them. Shield yourselves if you can, and remember that no foe, however dreaded, can repel us for a moment. Our determination may seem frail, but let it come. They may think our cause is weak. Fifteen thousand noble miners, who have been insulted and put upon by this self same company, are at our backs. The merchants and community at large along the whole line of the roads are on our side, and the working classes of every State in the Union are in our favor, and we feel confident that the God of the poor and the oppressed of the earth is with us. Therefore let the clashing of arms be heard; let the fiery elements be poured out if they think it right, but in heed of our right and in defence of our families, we shall conquer or we shall die.
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to send his prisoners to the front, he refused to obey until he had finished his pocket picking. After leaving New Creek, the rebels put the prisoners on the double-quick and ran them through the mud for about three miles. When any of the prisoners would attempt to avoid a miry place in the road, which they frequently did, they were rewarded for their care by a slap across the head or shoulders with a sabre. A great many prisoners made their escape along the route. The nearly all got stone blind drunk, and they had about as much as they could do to look after the mule's load of booty which each of them carried. They had also lost a great deal of rest previous to the attack on New Creek, and for these reasons the men were not very watchful. That old hero, Abijah Dolly, formerly a member of the
Legislature, was one of the prisoners taken from New Creek. He made his escape, ran on ahead of the rebels, reached his farm, and drove off and concealed all his stock before the rebel advance came up.
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the crew with force. That same day, federal troops arrived in Keyser to try to break the strike. The
Philadelphia Times reported of events in Keyser: "The second troop train has just arrived here. A few men are around the station, but all is quiet. The men are firm in their determination not to run out any trains, but they will hardly attempt to stop others, as there is abundant military force." However, by July 30, some 25 freight trains had piled up in Keyser. That night a "misplaced switch" sent one of the trains off the tracks. The next day, under heavy military escort courtesy of U.S. President
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of all these things to a certain extent, because when you think of the name, all these things flash across one's mind … There is lots of good work that these people could use their spare time, energy, and brain power that needs attention far more than this question. So for the sake of the boys who are away from home and the ones who are going, let the old name stand. As we are looking forward to the time when all this international trouble will have passed away and we can come back to, not Wilson, Paddy Town, Pershing or any other, but Keyser, our boyhood Keyser.
175:, who would later become the 23rd President of the United States. The area changed hands 14 times during the war due to the importance of the railroad. One history describes "four years of carnage" at New Creek . . . everything was laid to waste. What buildings of importance had been built, many of which were equal to those of other towns in that day, were razed to the ground or reduced to ashes, by the relentless flames of the military incendiary." The railroad that had been a blessing to the town had turned into a curse, drawing repeated assaults by
269:. The Davis brothers set about making the most of their real estate investment, knowing its value would increase if New Creek became the county seat and a greater hub of activity. They donated a major plot of land to the county court for the construction of a courthouse. The court enthusiastically accepted, and New Creek became Mineral's county seat. Until then, the court met in an abandoned Union army hospital on the river bank. The stone courthouse was completed in 1868, was remodeled in 1896, and stands in use to this day.
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progress of the rebels into
Pennsylvania or into Western Virginia … We do not undertake to say what points could be made to protect West Virginia or Western Pennsylvania. We only express the opinion, in which we are not alone, that New Creek is not one of them … It is to be hoped the folly of Winchester is not to be repeated at New Creek – of holding a useless and indefensible position, which if not in the enemy's country now could easily be made so by their getting in its rear.
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132:, arrived. The Paddy Town post office was re-established that year, with Edward Hitchcock McDonald as postmaster. McDonald's wife, Cornelia Peak McDonald, was an educated socialite from Alexandria, Virginia. She found the name "Paddy Town" to be "unaesthetic and wholly unacceptable." Due to her persistent lobbying, the Post Office Department in 1855 renamed the town's post office as Wind Lea, Virginia. Sometime between 1855 and the start of the
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689:, which went into effect a year earlier. Like Lukens, the Penn Ventilator company blamed the closure on old equipment, claiming it would cost $ 7 million to upgrade the plant and "there were no concessions the local union or management could have made that would make us competitive." Anchor Glass raised similar claims, and both companies shifted their operations elsewhere. In 1997, after an attempt to save it through an
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killing three of the enemy with his rifle, and private John W. West giving another a load of buckshot in the face. Black, who is a splendid equestrian as well as a "deadshot," charged up on the platform at the
Station, riding on 7 or 8 feet. The enemy then drived into a house in which our boys peppered them, killing 5 or 6 with their deadly Minnie Rifles, which they handle with terrible precision.
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arrested for attempting to ride free to
Piedmont from here had a hearing before Mayor Shay this afternoon. Sixteen of them were discharged. Z. Knight, James Dixon, John Ravenscraft, and John Ashey were fined from three to ten dollars each and costs for carrying pistols, knives, and billies. Several of the parties were from the mining regions. Thomas Goff, as striking
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lengthy explanation of their privileges in order to pass the line. The strikers being kept back by the military, there was not the slightest interference with any of the trains . . . . The movement of the trains over this division has caused quite a general break among the strikers, and they are now constantly coming and asking to be set to work.
90:, near present-day Armstrong Street. According to an 1851 newspaper article, during the Revolutionary War, "there were extensive borings for salt at Paddytown, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, and that after reaching a depth of 600 feet, the supply of salt water was abundant, from which large quantities of this article was manufactured."
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post passed a motion for Keyser to do the same. The post commander said that several of his members said "they knew of
Communists in Keyser and of Communist meetings." At the time, the Cumberland ordinance was under legal challenge and was ruled unconstitutional a few months later, apparently causing
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reported on July 18, 1877: "At Keyser a strike occurred this afternoon. The strikers threatened to shoot new men that take places on the road. No freight trains were sent from there." On July 20, a train from
Cumberland, Maryland, arrived in Keyser and was sent onto a side track, and strikers removed
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New Creek's defenses were overcome on
November 28, 1864, when between 1,500 and 2,000 Confederates defeated a small garrison of Union troops stationed behind earthworks at Fort Fuller. The Confederates then took over the town, destroying the earthworks and nearly all the buildings, except the home of
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A part of the company – 18 members, a detachment under command of Lieut. Philip Kennon – participated in the fight at New Creek
Station, heretofore known as Paddytown, on the Balt. & O. Railroad, in Hampshire county. In this skirmish these sharp-shooters did first-rate work, private Black himself
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in the 1955–56 school year. That fall, students between grades 7 and 12 were integrated. Mineral County's school board, however, said younger students could not be integrated yet due to lack of classroom space. African-American children up to grade 6 continued to attend a segregated red brick school
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in the 1930s like many other small industrial cities in the United States, included jobs losses and the closure of factories, like the Keyser
Pottery Company. Even the Baltimore & Ohio repair shops were closed for an entire year due to the slump, between 1932 and 1933. New Deal programs like the
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When the name Keyser appears before the mind's eye, all that we hold dear at once confronts us: the old Potomac, New Creek valley, the old B&O, Prep Hill, hospital, and all the dear old memories that surround it, and the greatest of all "Her People." By robbing the town of that name, you rob her
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Resolved, that we, the men of the Third Division, have soberly and calmly considered the step we have taken, and declare that at the present state of wages which the company have imposed upon us, we cannot live and provide our wives and children with the necessities of life, and that we only ask for
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Many Keyser factories held on longer than the larger concerns in Cumberland, while reducing headcounts throughout this period. Eventually, however, they too began to close. In 1990, the Flex-O-Lite plant closed. The owners - the Lukens Company - claimed it was no longer profitable with high natural
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views as unpopular, but that voters liked to listen to his "characteristic, sound, humorous, eloquent, and happy speeches, which held his audience spellbound to the close." In 1900, Carskadon ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidential nomination of the Prohibition Party. Later that year, he had a
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After three days of intense fighting along the line, the strike was broken in Keyser, with traffic moving again on August 1, 1877. Baltimore & Ohio vice president William Keyser, after whom the town had just three years earlier named itself, refused to accept the workers' demands. The wage cuts
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he chief thief among the rebels was a drunken, blear-eyed, pug nosed Major Mason, son of Ex-Senator James M. Mason. This fellow searched and robbed with his own hands eighteen or twenty citizen prisoners, taking everything of value found upon their persons. Although thrice ordered by General Rosser
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The concentration of troops at New Creek and the preparations there for attack or siege, indicate that it is the intention of our military authorities to hold that post against rebel investment … New Creek … really protects nothing but the little valley which its guns command. It cannot prevent the
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The authorities are endeavoring to detect the parties who threw the train off the track last night but have no clue as yet. Sheriff Simms has offered a reward of fifty dollars for the arrest of Joseph Lane, who escaped this morning. Lane was a ringleader of the striking firemen. The crowd that was
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The troops at Keyser and Piedmont were deployed along the line of railroad property, keeping the crowds back at a considerable distance. No one identified in the immediate employment of the company could pass the guard, and even the most irrepressible reporters found it necessary to make the most
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Paddytown, Va. post office vacant 1835. Is a small, romantic village, 214 miles from Richmond and 135 miles Northwest from Washington. Has 6 dwelling houses, 1 mercantile store, 1 manufacturing flour mill, and in immediate vicinity 1 forge and iron furnace. Romantic scenery, especially Slim Bottom
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After the war, Keyser experienced another boom in industry. When the woolen mill closed in 1948, moving its equipment to India, the community pulled together to lure a new business to take over the facility. When California-based Pryne and Company expressed interest, four Keyser service clubs—the
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The place was first called Paddy Town, for Patrick McCarty, an Irish immigrant who came to what was then Hampshire County, Virginia, sometime after 1740. Eventually, a community developed, which was also known as "the Irish Settlement." Initially a peaceful village, Paddy Town came under repeated
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WE SHALL CONQUER OR WE SHALL DIE Strike and Live! Bread we must have! Remain and perish! Be it understood, if the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company does not meet the demands of the employees at an early date, the officials will hazard their lives and endanger their property, for we shall run
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Replacement workers were found, lured by Baltimore & Ohio vice president William Keyser's offer of fifty dollars for each strikebreaker. Meanwhile, any striker who approached the trains, now protected with military force, was immediately arrested. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad refused to
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designating it the "City of Keyser". The legislation consolidated Keyser with South Keyser and added further territory to the newly chartered city. Until this time, Keyser had functioned under a general law applicable to all municipalities in West Virginia. Its size now justified a special city
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During the war, in 1863, with the formation of West Virginia, the town found itself in a new state. Likely because this northern half of Hampshire County had stronger pro-Union sentiments and Romney was often occupied by Confederates, the new West Virginia legislature moved the county seat from
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As Keyser's industry boomed, so did its population and its need for labor, attracting European immigrants. The largest group of foreign-born Keyser residents in this era was Italian, followed by the Irish. In 1910, a single quarry operation near Keyser alone housed dozens of Italian men in its
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At a place called Paddy Town, the residence of the late Col. Edward McCarty, on the North branch, 25 miles above Cumberland, stands an excellent furnace and forge, for making iron, now idle for want of capital and skill to work them. These may be said to stand in the great coal region of the
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called Lincoln School on Church Street in Keyser. They were integrated with white students within the next two years, when Lincoln School was renovated to house the Mineral County Board of Education in the late 1950s. Later, the building became the Keyser Senior Center at 30 Church Street.
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would henceforth refer to an unincorporated community along the eponymous body of water just south of Keyser. The southern part of Keyser was known as South Keyser, a town unto itself. It would be combined with Keyser proper in 1913, when the state granted a charter to the City of Keyser.
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was looking for a place to set up division headquarters. Once again, the town of New Creek won out. The town's trump card was its willingness to change its name, having already gone from Paddy Town to Wind Lea to New Creek. Thus, on November 16, 1874, the town of Keyser was incorporated.
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The Depression lifted as World War II began, in part due to wartime spending. For example, in January 1942, one month after the declaration of war, an entrepreneur from Brooklyn bought the worsted woolen mill with an aim of filling army contracts and ramped up production and employment.
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wool, was opened on the banks of the Potomac in the shadow of Queens Point, the machines largely being worked by the women of Keyser. In the early 1920s, the mill employed 200 workers, 175 of whom were women. In later years, sometime before 1946, the workers voted to join
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to restore order, but was unsuccessful largely due to militia sympathies with the workers. The strike spread up and down the line and eventually across the entire country. Within two days, workers in Keyser—both black and white—voted to strike together, announcing:
497:, a restrictive national immigration law, had at least two significant effects on Keyser. First, while the town's population had more than doubled between 1900 and 1920, the population leveled out in the following decade despite the economic growth of the
428:. The Keyser Light and Power Company brought electricity to the town in 1895. A fire department, the Vigilant Reel and Hose Company No. 1, was organized in 1896. The Hoffman Hospital opened in 1904, as did the Preparatory School, which would later become
290:, and in charge of the headquarters location division. The honor was too much to resist. In addition to the headquarters, the renamed town of Keyser received repair shops and a roundhouse, lifting employment and economic activity. The town grew.
424:, through the turn of the century. The first high school opened in 1885. The first bank in town, the National Bank of Keyser, was chartered in 1886. A town water system was built in 1892, as was the first telephone line, connecting Keyser to
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Infrastructure improvements attracted more industry, and Keyser's private sector began to diversify beyond its sometimes problematic dominant employer, the Baltimore & Ohio. Besides the B&O, railroad workers were now employed by the
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The town was constantly raided by Confederate forces. In January 1864, according to one report, a rebel force of 3,000 cavalry was headed in the direction of New Creek, and New Creek residents "were forbidden to exhibit lights" after dark.
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Lions, Kiwanis, Rotary, and Yeoman—started a campaign to sell $ 100 notes to purchase the plant for the firm. They raised $ 60,000 in 24 hours in October 1952, and Pryne started production of electric fans. Pryne was later bought by
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years, Keyser also featured two clothing factories, the Keyser Garment Company and the So Rite Lingerie Company. Other manufacturing concerns included an Anchor Glass plant and the Flex-O-Lite mill, which produced Blastolite beads.
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The Paddy Town, Virginia, post office was established on October 30, 1811. The McCarty family built a stone house in 1815, still standing today at Keys Street in Keyser. A travel guide described the town in these formative years:
693:, the Keyser Garment Company closed. Although Keyser's fortunes were generally tied the national economy through the centuries, the town did not experience the 1990s economic boom in the same way as other parts of the country.
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stood, but the strike spurred the burgeoning U.S. labor movement to begin organizing for both economic and political power, having seen courts, military deployments, arrests and imprisonment employed against the strikers.
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In 1924, Keyser experienced its wettest year since 1889, and the Potomac River swelled over its banks twice in March. These floods brought widespread damage to homes and businesses in the north end of Keyser especially.
432:. Both of these were located on Fort Hill, the site of Fort Fuller during the Civil War. A natural gas system powered street lamps and provided heating beginning in 1905. An ornate music hall opened for entertainment.
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Potomack, or so near that the coal can be delivered at them for 3 cents per bushel. Col. McCarty, who built them, and who was a man of great enterprise, failed by attempting too much at once without sufficient skill.
540:(a Civil War figure), and Fairfax-on-the-Potomac (harkening back to the original land grant). A Keyser soldier and local musician, Gene Cross, wrote a letter to the town newspaper that effectively ended the debate:
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in the 1880s. The Keyser Woolen Mills began operations in 1893. Rees' tannery operated on New Creek. In 1905, the Keyser Pottery Company began producing decorative and bathroom ceramics along the Potomac River.
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The C&O Canal was originally planned to reach the Ohio River, but the canal never reached Paddy Town, let alone the Ohio. After being overtaken by the railroad, the canal stopped as far west as Cumberland.
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The Potomac Worsted Woolen Mill in Keyser, 1908. The mill went through various owners and names through the years, including Patchett, Potomac, and Keyser Worsted. Queens Point is visible in the background.
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Sons of Italy dinner in Keyser circa 1950s. Seated at the head of table on right is Congressman Harley O. Staggers. The Sons of Italy was an important civic and social club for Keyser's Italian community.
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in 1861, however, the townsfolk renamed the village New Creek Station, after the creek that runs by it. This decision was supposedly "by common consent" to give the town a "more dignified" name.
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By 1844, Paddy Town fell into decline when the original post office closed. The town received an economic boost in 1852 when the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, in search of a path through the
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west of Paddy Town in 1755. The Paddy Towners built stockades and blockhouses to protect themselves. In 1762, Patrick McCarty was killed by a band of Native Americans while harvesting crops.
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The former Penn Ventilator plant, originally a worsted woolen mill, in Keyser. The Ridgeley or Oriskany sandstone outcropping known as Queens Point towers in the background. Taken in 2005.
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Keyser's current population largely stabilized at the start of the 21st century. Since losing much of its manufacturing base, the town increased health care, education, and service jobs.
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At this time, Confederate Colonel Edward McCarty Armstrong, a New Creek citizen, returned from the war and sold his holdings in and around the town to three Davis brothers from Piedmont:
384:, who led the crowd was fined ten dollars and costs and confined thirty days in jail, that being the extent of municipal authority. The others were sent to jail til they pay the fines.
225:, where they managed to burn the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's roundhouse, a workshop, and other machinery before they were turned away by Company A Sixth West Virginia Volunteers.
439:, who had been a shareholder of the Keyser Land and Improvement Company that sold the plots that would become much of downtown Keyser, ran for governor of West Virginia on the
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Because of its geography, a relatively flat plain in a valley surrounded by mountains and open to many approaches, New Creek was an easy target for Confederates. One editor in
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boarding facilities. News of jobs traveled through family and village networks. Many Italians settling in Keyser and nearby Piedmont hailed from the same Calabrian village,
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has continued to develop and is associated with West Virginia University. A modern hospital and high school were opened. The railroad through Keyser is now operated by
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334:, were the first to take action, uncoupling a cattle train and announcing no more trains would run through until the wage cuts were restored. West Virginia Governor
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In the 20th century, Keyser's economy relied heavily on manufacturing and the railroad. The town was hit hard by the economic crises of the 1970s and early 1980s.
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The courthouse question was not the only field of competition between Piedmont and New Creek, as the towns sought to develop in these post-war years. In 1874, the
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seat back to Romney and split this northern half away to form Mineral County in 1866. Debate ensued over whether Piedmont or New Creek should be the county seat.
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The residents of New Creek were terrorized by the November 1864 occupation. Men were captured and taken away. One eyewitness complained of the rebels' behavior:
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505:, Australia, so that many descendants of Keyser's Italian families now have relatives there, with the same Italian family names being found in both cities.
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Patrick McCarty's son, Edward McCarty, further developed the town after his father's death. Among other things, he built an iron furnace and foundry and a
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in 1917, the patriotic fervor of Keyser nearly caused another change in the town's name, because of the similarity between "Keyser" and the German title "
330:") that had caused extensive unemployment and hunger, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut its employees' wages by 10 percent. On July 16, trainmen in
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began to close. The loss of income affected retailers and other ancillary concerns. Globalization sent firms in search of cheap labor. By the 1980s,
583:, in 1965. Penn Ventilator, which produced louvers and ventilators for heating and air conditioning systems, then took over the plant. During these
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396:, in the heat of the uprising, workers posted the following handbill, illustrating the desperation and militancy of the strike in this area:
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1910 U.S. Federal Census, New Creek, Mineral, West Virginia, Roll T624 1690, Page 12A, Enumeration Dist. 0063, Image 785, FHL No. 1375703.
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115:, a resident of the Potomac valley wrote to the editors of the National Intelligencer in Washington in 1837, seeking to make a sale:
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567:(WPA) generated jobs for the unemployed. "W.P.A." stamps may still be seen on sidewalks constructed by this program in Keyser.
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Encampment of the 22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry at New Creek, 1865. The hill with Fort Fuller can be seen in the distance.
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254:, a few miles up the Potomac from New Creek, until the war ended. Following the war, the state legislature sent the
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Colonel Edward Armstrong, whom they knew to be a Confederate officer. A smaller Confederate force was then sent to
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West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains
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High employment and rising wages marked the 1950s and 1960s. Keyser's population peaked in the 1970 census.
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In 1995, both the Penn Ventilator and Anchor Glass plants closed. Many blamed this pair of closures on the
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protested outside the plant when the company offered only $ 100 in severance pay for each year of service.
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in 1736 to seek out the source of the Potomac River. The first local land grant was issued by Fairfax to
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Swick-Cruse, Deborah "Keyser." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 31 May 2013. Web. 04 April 2017.
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Local 1874, the same local that organized workers at the much larger Celanese plant near Cumberland.
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186:, newspaper provided a report of the exploits at New Creek of a Confederate company known as the
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rehire any of the leaders, and criminal investigations and prosecution of the strikers started:
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The first mayor of Keyser was J.T. Hoke, elected unopposed with 127 votes on January 7, 1875.
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1135:"The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION"
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Early advertisement for land in Keyser, from the Cumberland Daily Times, April 23, 1875.
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The first Europeans to pass through what would become Keyser are believed to have been
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Review of 1920 United States Census, Keyser, Mineral, West Virginia; Roll: T625_1964.
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charter from the state. The charter laid out Keyser's form of government as well.
599:, enacted ordinances requiring communists to register with the city. The Keyser
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Hill (Queen's Point). Lands in immediate vicinity belong to James Singleton.
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gas prices and "antiquated equipment." Laid off workers represented by the
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Sixteenth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor of West Virginia, 1921-22
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43:. The town went through three name changes, ultimately being named after
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Ridder, Mona (November 30, 2003). "School buildings good for business".
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became active, ultimately forcing the closure of a major tire plant,
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was then the first vice president of the railroad, living in nearby
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ticket, but was not elected. A newspaper article described his pro-
1526:"Keyser Worsted Mill Purchased by A. Rubinstein, Brooklyn, N.Y.".
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1095:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. 2–3.
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Keyser's growth accelerated in the 1880s, with the end of the
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987:"A Rebel Raid on New Creek, Va. - Destruction of the Place".
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second unsuccessful campaign for Governor of West Virginia.
326:. That year, in the midst of a deep nationwide depression ("
972:"Rebel Raid upon New Creek - A Government Train Captured".
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Following the landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision in
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of West Virginia University. At that time, the town was in
107:(C&O Canal) was constructed alongside the Potomac from
536:(after the then-general), Paddy Town (the original name),
468:, started by the Davis brothers and their in-law Senator
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wages that will enable us to provide such necessaries.
805:"Genealogical Society to celebrate McCarty Stone House"
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Industrial History of the Potomac's Quartette of Towns
957:"The Occupation of New Creek of Doubtful Expediency".
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Industrial History of the Potomac's Quartette of Towns
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Industrial History of the Potomac's Quartette of Towns
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Industrial History of the Potomac's Quartette of Towns
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Aluminum, Brick and Glass Workers' International Union
1736:"Former garment workers say firm kept them in dark".
929:. Piedmont, WV: Industrial Publishing Company. 1906.
884:. Piedmont, WV: Industrial Publishing Company. 1906.
855:. Piedmont, WV: Industrial Publishing Company. 1906.
762:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 92–93.
1050:. Piedmont, WV: Industrial Printing Company. 1906.
747:. Piedmont, WV: The Place Name Press. p. 349.
322:Keyser played an early and prominent role in the
837:"To the Editors of the National Intelligencer".
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152:established Fort Fuller on the present site of
1556:"Keyser's Plant Fund Reaches $ 60,000 Total".
501:. Second, many of the Cauloniesi emigrated to
476:In 1903, another woolen mill, specializing in
1571:"Keyser to Seek $ 45,000 Fund for Industry".
1471:See historical population chart on this page.
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1646:"Integration will begin in Mineral County".
915:https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1198
1336:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
1276:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
1063:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
1034:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
1019:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
868:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
824:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
790:History of Keyser, West Virginia, 1737-1913
1691:"Plant's Loss Fueling Fears for Economy".
1616:"Motion asks action against communists".
361:, trains began moving out of Keyser. The
1706:"Keyser Plant to Close after 28 Years".
1676:"Former Flex-O-Lite employees protest".
1631:"Court invalidates anti-communist law".
1109:1877: America's Year of Living Violently
760:The McCarthy's in Early American History
416:Armstrong Street in Keyser, early 1900s.
160:. The fort's commanders included Majors
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1752:"National Register Information System"
1601:"Machinery Ordered for Keyser Plant".
1065:. Keystone Print, Inc. pp. 22–23.
1002:"More About the Late New Creek Raid".
1721:"Authority keeps business in place".
1586:"Keyser Area Plants Plan Expansion".
1383:. Knobley Mountain Press. p. 81.
1368:. Knobley Mountain Press. p. 73.
392:Across the Potomac from Piedmont, in
7:
1782:Histories of cities in West Virginia
1757:National Register of Historic Places
722:National Register of Historic Places
604:the Keyser efforts to be abandoned.
140:New Creek and the American Civil War
1263:. New York: Pathfinder. p. 63.
1244:"Events at Keyser, West Virginia".
1196:"The Men Standing Firm at Keyser".
1185:. New York: Pathfinder. p. 53.
1155:. New York: Pathfinder. p. 44.
687:North American Free Trade Agreement
595:, nearby Cumberland, Maryland, and
1338:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 27.
1278:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 27.
1211:"The Trouble at Keyser Overcome".
1076:"Corporation Election in Keyser".
1036:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 20.
1021:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 20.
943:Rockingham Register and Advertiser
408:Late 19th and early 20th centuries
75:attacks by Native Americans after
41:Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia
14:
870:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 8.
826:. Keystone Print, Inc. p. 5.
554:Great Depression to Post-War Boom
33:North Branch of the Potomac River
1439:"Keyser Workers Ask Pay Boost".
1261:The Great Labor Uprising of 1877
1183:The Great Labor Uprising of 1877
1153:The Great Labor Uprising of 1877
803:Beavers, Liz (October 8, 2015).
691:employee stock ownership program
483:Textile Workers Union of America
302:B&O Railroad Yards at Keyser
1106:Bellesiles, Michael A. (2010).
520:When the United States entered
1481:Cosmini-Rose, Daniela (2008).
466:West Virginia Central Railroad
190:, which had been stationed at
79:forces defeated Major General
1:
581:Bennettsville, South Carolina
565:Works Progress Administration
324:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
318:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
279:Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
167:Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ
144:In 1861, at the start of the
1588:The Cumberland Evening Times
1541:"Keyser Mill to Halt Work".
1004:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
974:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
959:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
758:O'Brien, Michael J. (1921).
532:(after the then-President),
1349:"The Keyser Woolen Mills".
1289:"The Prohibition Blowout".
1226:"The Situation Elsewhere".
1133:Caplinger, Michael (2003).
895:Boggs, Mara (Winter 2015).
792:. Keyprint, Inc. p. 4.
610:Brown v. Board of Education
579:, which moved the plant to
558:Keyser's experience of the
338:sent militia under Colonel
63:and George Savage, sent by
49:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1803:
1334:Wolfe, William W. (1977).
1274:Wolfe, William W. (1977).
1091:Stowell, David O. (2008).
1061:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
1032:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
1017:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
940:"The Brook's Gap Rifles".
866:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
822:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
809:Mineral Daily News-Tribune
788:Wolfe, William W. (1974).
332:Martinsburg, West Virginia
158:Hampshire County, Virginia
1511:"Work Resumes in Shops".
1409:"West Va. News: Keyser".
1396:The Cumberland Alleganian
1379:Clites Sr., Gary (2015).
1364:Clites Sr., Gary (2015).
1259:Foner, Philip S. (1977).
1181:Foner, Philip S. (1977).
1151:Foner, Philip S. (1977).
1093:The Great Strikes of 1877
718:Mineral County Courthouse
714:Thomas R. Carskadon House
510:West Virginia legislature
508:On February 3, 1913, the
462:Western Maryland Railroad
426:Burlington, West Virginia
105:Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
1618:Cumberland Evening Times
1543:Cumberland Evening Times
1498:Cumberland Evening Times
1496:"Keyser's New Charter".
1424:Daugherty, G.F. (1922).
1411:Cumberland Evening Times
1321:Muscatine Journal (Iowa)
1306:Cumberland Evening Times
773:"Salt in Coal Regions".
288:Garrett County, Maryland
1166:"The Railroad Strike".
597:Ridgeley, West Virginia
495:Immigration Act of 1924
273:Incorporation of Keyser
267:Colonel Thomas B. Davis
205:Wheeling, West Virginia
194:in the summer of 1861:
1381:Forgotten But Not Gone
1366:Forgotten But Not Gone
1291:Cumberland Daily Times
1168:The Boston Daily Globe
1078:Cumberland Daily Times
839:National Intelligencer
741:Kenny, Hamill (1945).
674:
627:
547:
528:". Proposals included
456:
417:
405:
386:
372:
350:
311:
303:
242:
235:
214:
201:
184:Harrisonburg, Virginia
122:
101:
21:
20:View of Keyser in 1923
1787:Keyser, West Virginia
1762:National Park Service
1738:Cumberland Times-News
1723:Cumberland Times-News
1693:Cumberland Times-News
1678:Cumberland Times-News
1663:Cumberland Times-News
1620:. September 22, 1950.
1483:Caulonia in the Heart
1293:. September 24, 1888.
1228:Cumberland Alleganian
1213:Philadelphia Inquirer
989:Philadelphia Inquirer
703:Potomac State College
672:
625:
614:Keyser schools began
542:
454:
430:Potomac State College
415:
394:Westernport, Maryland
377:
367:
345:
309:
301:
265:, William Davis, and
240:
230:
209:
196:
154:Potomac State College
117:
96:
35:at its juncture with
27:, the county seat of
25:Keyser, West Virginia
19:
1708:New Bern Sun Journal
1545:. November 24, 1948.
1500:. February 27, 1913.
1304:"Personal Mention".
991:. November 30, 1864.
841:. November 23, 1833.
656:Cumberland, Maryland
591:In 1950, during the
263:Henry Gassaway Davis
113:Cumberland, Maryland
31:, is located on the
1740:. December 8, 1997.
1725:. January 24, 1996.
1695:. January 29, 1996.
1635:. January 26, 1951.
1605:. January 23, 1967.
1603:The Cumberland News
1575:. October 23, 1952.
1573:The Cumberland News
1560:. October 27, 1952.
1530:. January 29, 1942.
1528:The Cumberland News
1443:. December 1, 1946.
1394:"New Woolen Mill".
1323:. November 1, 1900.
1080:. January 11, 1875.
1006:. December 7, 1964.
777:. December 3, 1851.
775:Clarksburg Register
666:, in Cumberland.
634:Deindustrialization
437:Thomas R. Carskadon
359:Rutherford B. Hayes
340:Charles J. Faulkner
328:the Long Depression
130:Allegheny mountains
71:on March 20, 1752.
1198:Philadelphia Times
976:. January 6, 1864.
897:"Living in Keyser"
720:are listed on the
675:
628:
457:
418:
312:
304:
243:
188:Brook's Gap Rifles
146:American Civil War
69:Christopher Beelor
22:
1710:. March 29, 1995.
1680:. August 2, 1990.
1398:. April 30, 1903.
1248:. August 1, 1877.
1140:. pp. 40–45.
1119:978-1-59558-441-0
946:. August 2, 1861.
664:Kelly-Springfield
660:corporate raiders
512:granted Keyser a
441:Prohibition Party
173:Benjamin Harrison
77:French and Indian
1794:
1766:
1765:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1590:. June 12, 1958.
1583:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:Cumberland Times
1508:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1485:. Lythrum Press.
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:Cumberland Times
1436:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1413:. June 15, 1906.
1406:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1319:"Random Notes".
1316:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1230:. July 31, 1877.
1223:
1217:
1216:
1215:. July 30, 1877.
1208:
1202:
1201:
1200:. July 20, 1877.
1193:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1170:. July 18, 1877.
1163:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1007:
999:
993:
992:
984:
978:
977:
969:
963:
962:
961:. June 19, 1863.
954:
948:
947:
937:
931:
930:
923:
917:
911:
905:
904:
892:
886:
885:
878:
872:
871:
863:
857:
856:
849:
843:
842:
834:
828:
827:
819:
813:
812:
800:
794:
793:
785:
779:
778:
770:
764:
763:
755:
749:
748:
738:
560:Great Depression
499:Roaring Twenties
336:Henry M. Mathews
256:Hampshire County
164:, the author of
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:. July 9, 2010.
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1650:. July 9, 1955.
1648:Cumberland News
1645:
1644:
1640:
1633:Cumberland News
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1558:Cumberland News
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1515:. June 4, 1933.
1510:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1308:. July 4, 1900.
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
985:
981:
971:
970:
966:
956:
955:
951:
939:
938:
934:
925:
924:
920:
912:
908:
894:
893:
889:
880:
879:
875:
865:
864:
860:
851:
850:
846:
836:
835:
831:
821:
820:
816:
802:
801:
797:
787:
786:
782:
772:
771:
767:
757:
756:
752:
740:
739:
735:
730:
699:
636:
601:American Legion
556:
422:Long Depression
410:
320:
275:
142:
81:Edward Braddock
57:
12:
11:
5:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1743:
1728:
1713:
1698:
1683:
1668:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1563:
1548:
1533:
1518:
1503:
1488:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1431:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1371:
1356:
1351:Keyser Tribune
1341:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1233:
1218:
1203:
1188:
1173:
1158:
1143:
1125:
1118:
1098:
1083:
1068:
1053:
1039:
1024:
1009:
994:
979:
964:
949:
932:
918:
906:
887:
873:
858:
844:
829:
814:
795:
780:
765:
750:
732:
731:
729:
726:
698:
695:
635:
632:
555:
552:
470:Stephen Elkins
409:
406:
319:
316:
284:William Keyser
274:
271:
141:
138:
109:Washington, DC
56:
53:
45:William Keyser
29:Mineral County
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1428:. p. 97.
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1246:Baltimore Sun
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1112:. New Press.
1111:
1110:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1005:
998:
995:
990:
983:
980:
975:
968:
965:
960:
953:
950:
945:
944:
936:
933:
928:
922:
919:
916:
910:
907:
902:
898:
891:
888:
883:
877:
874:
869:
862:
859:
854:
848:
845:
840:
833:
830:
825:
818:
815:
810:
806:
799:
796:
791:
784:
781:
776:
769:
766:
761:
754:
751:
746:
745:
737:
734:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
696:
694:
692:
688:
683:
681:
671:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
624:
620:
617:
613:
611:
605:
602:
598:
594:
589:
586:
582:
578:
572:
568:
566:
561:
553:
551:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
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500:
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492:
486:
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479:
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463:
453:
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438:
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431:
427:
423:
414:
407:
404:
403:
397:
395:
390:
385:
383:
376:
371:
366:
364:
363:Baltimore Sun
360:
355:
349:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
317:
315:
308:
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296:
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139:
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131:
126:
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100:
95:
91:
89:
84:
82:
78:
72:
70:
66:
62:
54:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
18:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1353:. July 1898.
1350:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1227:
1221:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1128:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1012:
1003:
997:
988:
982:
973:
967:
958:
952:
941:
935:
926:
921:
909:
900:
890:
881:
876:
867:
861:
852:
847:
838:
832:
823:
817:
808:
798:
789:
783:
774:
768:
759:
753:
743:
736:
711:
700:
697:21st century
684:
676:
637:
629:
608:
606:
590:
573:
569:
557:
548:
543:
519:
507:
487:
475:
458:
434:
419:
399:
391:
387:
378:
373:
368:
354:Boston Globe
351:
346:
321:
313:
276:
260:
244:
231:
227:
219:
215:
210:
202:
197:
181:
165:
143:
127:
123:
118:
102:
97:
92:
85:
73:
65:Lord Fairfax
61:William Mayo
58:
23:
616:integrating
522:World War I
177:Confederate
162:Lew Wallace
1776:Categories
728:References
654:plants in
445:temperance
365:reported:
51:official.
901:WV Living
593:Red Scare
585:baby boom
538:McPherson
435:In 1888,
292:New Creek
134:Civil War
88:salt well
37:New Creek
534:Pershing
503:Adelaide
491:Caulonia
464:and the
252:Piedmont
223:Piedmont
179:forces.
55:Founding
648:textile
640:Brewery
577:Emerson
514:charter
478:worsted
382:fireman
103:As the
39:in the
1116:
650:, and
530:Wilson
526:Kaiser
493:. The
248:Romney
192:Romney
148:, the
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