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1407:-speaking population, while the lower classes retained Ukrainian folk culture to a significant extent. According to the census of 1897, of the city's approximately 240,000 people approximately 56% of the population spoke the Russian language, 23% spoke the Ukrainian language, 12.5% spoke Yiddish, 7% spoke Polish and 1% spoke the Belarusian language. Despite the Russian cultural dominance in the city, enthusiasts among ethnic Ukrainian nobles, military and merchants made recurrent attempts to preserve native culture in the city (by clandestine book-printing, amateur theater, folk studies etc.).
1304:. Typically the nobles spent their winters in the city, where they held Polish balls and fairs. Until the mid-18th century Kyiv was Polish in culture. although Poles made up no more than ten percent of the city's population and 25% of its voters. During the 1830s Polish was the language of Kyiv's educational system, and until Polish enrollment in the university of St. Vladimir was restricted in the 1860s they made up the majority of that school's student body. The Russian government's cancellation of the city's autonomy and its placement under the rule of bureaucrats appointed from
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31:
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1432:, specializing in sugar and grain export by railroad and on the Dnieper river. By 1900, the city had also become a significant industrial center, having a population of 250,000. Landmarks of that period include the railway infrastructure, the foundation of numerous educational and cultural facilities as well as notable architectural monuments (mostly merchant-oriented, i.e.
171:
1492:
1143:, an educational institution aimed to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture and Orthodox faith despite Polish Catholic oppression. Although ruled by the church, the academy provided students with educational standards close to universities of Western Europe (including multilingual training) and became the foremost educational center, both religious and secular.
2041:). This created a labor force demand which caused migration from rural areas of both Ukraine and Russia. Large suburbs and an extensive transportation infrastructure were built to accommodate the growing population. However, many rural-type buildings and groves have survived on the city's hills, creating Kyiv's image as one of the world's greenest cities.
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966:
2966:Под влиянием польской общественности и сильного диктата Ватикана сейм в мае 1659 г. принял Гадячский договор в более чем урезанном виде. Идея Княжества Руського вообще была уничтожена, равно как и положение о сохранении союза с Москвой. Отменялась и ликвидация унии, равно как и целый ряд других позитивных статей.
1737:
In 1934 the capital of
Ukrainian SSR was moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv. The goal was to fashion a new proletariat utopia based on Stalin's blueprints. The city's architecture was made over, but a much greater impact on the population was Soviet social policy, which involved large-scale purges, coercion,
1907:, with the aim of ensuring that Germans were given priority over food supplies at the expense of everyone else, the inhabitants of the city were defined as "superfluous eaters" who were to be "gotten rid of" by the cutting off of all food supplies to the city – the food to be diverted to feeding the
1846:
Before the evacuation, the Red Army planted more than ten thousand mines throughout the city, controlled by wireless detonators. On 24 September, when the German invaders had settled into the city, the mines were detonated, causing many of the major buildings to collapse, and setting the city ablaze
1324:
in language and culture and these
Ukrainians of Polish descent constituted an important element of the growing Ukrainian national movement. Kyiv served as a meeting point where such activists came together with the pro-Ukrainian descendants of Cossack officers from the left bank. Many of them would
2077:
Every attempt to dispute Soviet rule was harshly oppressed, especially concerning democracy, Ukrainian SSR's self-government, and ethnic-religious problems. Campaigns against "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism" and "Western influence" in Kyiv's educational and scientific institutions were mounted
1914:
An underground resistance quickly established by local patriots was active until the liberation from Nazi occupation. During the war, the city was heavily bombarded, especially in the beginning of the war and the city was largely destroyed including many of its architectural landmarks (only one
1379:
with
Ukrainians as a distinct group among them rather than a part of the Russian nation. The Brotherhood's ideology was a synthesis of programmes of three movements: Ukrainian autonomists, Polish democrats, and Russian Decembrists in Ukraine. The society was quickly suppressed by the Tsarist
888:
besieged and then completely destroyed the city on 6 December 1240. The
Mongols had originally planned to take the city unharmed, but upon their arrival, the garrison threw down the bodies of the Mongol diplomats sent to urge them to surrender. In revenge the Mongols broke down the gates and
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2078:
repeatedly. Due to limited career prospects in Kyiv, Moscow became a preferable life destination for many
Kyivans (and Ukrainians as a whole), especially for artists and other creative intellectuals. Dozens of show-business celebrities in modern Russia were born in Kyiv.
1757:, were confiscated. The city's population continued to increase mostly by migrants. The migration changed the ethnic demographics of the city from the previous Russian-Ukrainian parity to predominantly Ukrainian, although Russian remained the dominant language.
1087:
granted equal rights to Jews in the city, on the grounds that they paid the same taxes as Podil's burghers. Polish sponsorship of Jewish settlement in the city added fuel to the conflict that already existed between the
Orthodox and Catholic churches.
1771:
In the late 1930s, clandestine mass executions began in Kyiv. Thousands of city residents (mostly intellectuals and party activists) were arrested in the night, hurriedly court-martialed, shot and buried in mass graves. The main execution sites were
2027:
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and Kyiv. Led by one of his sons, it consisted of the forces of eleven other princes, representing three of the main branches of the
Rurikid dynasty against the fourth, the Iziaslavichi of Volynia. The allies were victorious, and
1764:), the Communist regime soon began harsh oppression of Ukraine's political freedom, autonomy and religion. Recurring political trials were organized in the city to purge "Ukrainian nationalists", "Western spies" and opponents of
2837:Леонтій Войтович. Князівські династії Східної Європи (кінець IX — початок XVI ст.): склад, суспільна і політична роль. Історико-генеалогічне дослідження. – Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І.Крип’якевича, 2000. – 649 с.
2019:. Dozens of industrial companies were created employing highly skilled personnel. Sciences and technology became the main issues of the city's intellectual life. Dozens of research institutes in various fields formed the
1455:
banned Jews from Kyiv as well, fencing off the city's districts from the Jewish population. Thus, at mid-century Jewish merchants who came to fairs in the city could stay for up to six months. In 1881 and 1905, notorious
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that they had no local ruler and paid tribute to the
Khazars - an event attributed to the 9th century. Brook believes that in the 8th and 9th centuries the city was an outpost of the Khazar empire. A hill-fortress called
1835:. The delay also allowed the evacuation of all significant industrial enterprises from Kyiv to the central and eastern parts of the Soviet Union, away from the hostilities, where they played a major role in arming the
1734:. In Kyiv, bread and other food products were distributed to workers by food cards according to daily norm, but even with cards, bread was in limited supply, and citizens were standing overnight in lines to obtain it.
546:
Slavic settlements existed in the area starting from the end of the 5th century, and later developed into the city. Archaeological excavations have suggested seventh or eighth century commercial activity in Kyiv's
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2100:
leaders ordered
Kyivans (including hundreds of children) to take part in a mass civil parade in the city's center—"to prevent panic". Later, thousands of refugees from accident zone were resettled in Kyiv.
2897:(...) LDK laikais Kijevas atsikūrė Podile, t. y. Žemutiniame mieste, virš kurio buvo iškilusi Lietuvių pilis su 18 bokštų. Kito Kijevo branduolio ilgai ir nebuvo, visas Lietuvos epochos Kijevas ir buvo Podilas.
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305:), officially begins when it was founded in 482, but the city may date back at least 2,000 years. Archaeologists have dated the oldest known settlement in the area to 25,000 BC. Initially a 6th-century
1760:
In the 1930s, the city inhabitants also suffered from the controversial Soviet political policy of that time. While encouraging lower-class
Ukrainians to pursue careers and develop their culture (see
1439:
At that time, a large Jewish community emerged in the city, developing its own ethnic culture and business interests. This was stimulated by the prohibition of Jewish settlement in Russia proper (
3885:(Indiana UP, 2010) 403pp Examines political, religious, demographic, cultural, and other aspects of Kyiv's Jews, from the official readmission of Jews to the city to the beginning of World War I.
2096:
dust. However, inhabitants of Kyiv were neither informed about the actual threat of the accident, nor recognized as its victims. Moreover, on 1 May 1986 (a few days after the accident), local
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The city also became an important military center of the Soviet Union. More than a dozen military schools and academies were established here, also specializing in high-tech warfare (see also
1745:
In the 1930s the process of destruction of churches and monuments, which started in the 1920s, reached the most dramatic turn. Churches and structures that were hundreds of years old, such as
1727:
830:
emerged. Subsequent years saw rivalries of the competing princes of the dynasty and the weakening of Kyiv's political influence, although the city temporarily prevailed after the defeat of
1463:
The development of aviation (both military and amateur) became another notable mark of distinction of Kyiv in the early 20th century. Prominent aviation figures of that period include
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1254:
acknowledged the status quo and put the city under the control of Russia for the centuries to come. Kyiv slowly lost its autonomy, which was finally abolished in 1775 by the Empress
1548:
with the capital in Kyiv. During this short period of independence, the city experienced rapid growth of its cultural and political status. An Academy of Sciences and professional
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Twenty-two people, including two children, were killed in Kyiv and 82 more were wounded in the main missile volley and another strike that came two hours later, officials said.
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was declared its capital. Kyiv, being an important industrial center, continued to grow. In 1925, the first public buses ran on city streets, and ten years later the first
426:
the city was again destroyed, almost completely, but quickly recovered post-war, to become the third-most important Soviet city and the capital of the second-most populous
2291:
2282:. However, Kyiv city still suffered great losses from the attacks, such as missile strikes that killed multiple people, with the city's inner metro stations being used as
2262:, a Russian offensive attempted to surround and besiege the capital city, and multiple teams of Russian soldiers and mercenaries entered the city to assassinate president
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writes that archaeologists have proven "beyond any doubt that Kyiv as a town did not exist before the last quarter of the ninth to the first half of the tenth century."
2724:
1199:
953:, and conquered the city. The Tatars, who also claimed Kyiv, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while the city was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the
3526:
March 1986, Vol. 42 Issue 1/2, pp 35–58 contains statistical detail on demography, religion, income, food supply, and the cost of living during the German occupation.
1447:) — as well as further eastwards. Expelled from Kyiv in 1654, Jews probably were not able to settle in the city again until the early 1790s. On 2 December 1827
2298:. However, despite the withdrawal of the Russian forces from Kyiv Oblast, attacks on Kyiv continued, although they did significantly decline. Since 2022, a total of
2504:
Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav Bohdan (1962–1982). An etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language. 2., rev. ed. Winnipeg: Ukrainian free acad. of sciences, pp. 660–663.
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in 1939, the staff of the Consulate of Poland in Kyiv was arrested by the Soviets in breach of international law. In 1940 it was the site of Soviet executions of
628:
However it was founded, the city's location made it a node on important ancient trade routes. In the seventh or eighth century the Dnipro came to be the standard
3794:
2964:Т.Г. Таирова-Яковлева Иван Выговский // Единорогъ. Материалы по военной истории Восточной Европы эпохи Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени, вып.1, М., 2009:
629:
328:, founded the city with their sister Lybid, and named it for Kyi, the eldest brother. The century of this founding has not been determined. Legend has it that
1186:
with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was approved by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. After his death, in the atmosphere of sharp conflicts his successor became
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1030:
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1285:
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In the following centuries, the city was a provincial capital of marginal importance on the outskirts of territories controlled by powerful neighbors: the
730:, dispute this account and maintain that Khazar rule continued until as late as the 920s (documentary evidence exists to support this assertion — see the
3652:
2250:
1368:
937:, keeping the title. Since 1320, the city was the site of a new Catholic bishopric, when Henry, a Dominican friar, was appointed the first missionary
764:
had traditional primacy over the other rulers of the land and the Kyivan princehood was a valuable prize in an intra-dynastic system. In 968 the city
1296:
Even after Kyiv and the surrounding region ceased being a part of Poland, Poles continued to play an important role. In 1812 there were over 43,000
2813:"У 1240 році хан Батий захопив і зруйнував Київ. А коли його збудували? Скільки брам було? Усіх князів памʼятаєте? Тест «Бабеля» про історію міста"
2389:"У 1240 році хан Батий захопив і зруйнував Київ. А коли його збудували? Скільки брам було? Усіх князів памʼятаєте? Тест «Бабеля» про історію міста"
4017:
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2020:
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In the 1970s and later 1980s–1990s, given special permission from the Soviet government, a significant part of the city's Jews migrated to
1746:
1495:
1363:
institutions formed a significant part of the city's infrastructure and business activity at that time. In the winter 1845–1846, the historian
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From the late 18th century until the late 19th century, city life was increasingly dominated by Russian military and ecclesiastical concerns.
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captured and burned Kyiv. In the 1230s different Rus' princes besieged and ravaged the city several times. Then Mongol-Tatar forces led by
930:
917:, where he informed Catholic Europe of the Mongol/Tatar threat. Since the late 13th century, Kyiv was located on a trade route connecting
847:
2007:
caused the establishment of a powerful technological complex in the city (both research and development and production), specializing in
2337:
2150:
2097:
1316:, founder of Kyiv's stock exchange, served as the city's mayor in the 1890s. Poles living in the city tended to be friendly towards the
265:
223:
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The city grew tremendously in the 1950s through 1980s. Some significant urban achievements of this period include establishment of the
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1194:. It was ratified by the Crown in a limited version. According to Vyhovsky original intention, Kyiv was to become the capital of the
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491:
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of 1986 affected city life tremendously, both environmentally and socio-politically. Some areas of the city have been polluted by
2055:
Systematic oppression of pro-Ukrainian intellectuals, dubbed as "nationalists", was carried under the propaganda campaign against
816:
to extend to Kievan Rus "the patronage of St. Peter", which the Pope fulfilled by sending Iziaslav a crown from Rome in 1075). An
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for three days. They left the old town and the prince's hall in ruins, and took many pieces of religious artwork - including the
599:
469:
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1768:
inside the Bolshevik party. During this time, numerous historic churches were destroyed or vandalized and the clergy repressed.
1911:
troops and Germany's own population. Luckily for city inhabitants, this part of the "Hunger Plan" was never fully implemented.
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had a special status within the newly formed political entity. The complete sovereignty of Hetmanate did not last long as the
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army. During the period between 1362 and 1471, the city was ruled by Lithuanian princes from different families. By order of
473:
116:
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was defeated and Ukraine re-occupied the whole of Kyiv Oblast. After Russian forces' withdrawal, evidence was discovered of
1545:
411:
211:
187:
406:
prospered in the Russian industrial revolution of the late 19th century. In the conflicts and turbulence that followed the
3965:
2789:
Pelenski, Jaroslaw (1988). "The Contest for the "Kievan Succession" (1155-1175): The Religious-Ecclesiastical Dimension".
1630:
1584:
1195:
427:
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Serhy Yekelchyk, "The Making of a 'Proletarian Capital': Patterns of Stalinist Social Policy in Kiev in the mid-1930s,"
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1855:
1754:
793:
423:
1356:)." Such people were typically Ukrainians and Poles who could speak enough Russian to be counted as Russian-speaking.
1207:
1080:
3841:
Estraikh, Gennady. "From Yehupets Jargonists to Kyiv modernists: The rise of a Yiddish literary Centre, 1880s‐1914."
2270:
change. Due to Kyiv's proximity to the Belarusian border, the Russians attempted to invade Kyiv from Belarus, at the
3888:
Meir, Natan M. "Jews, Ukrainians, and Russians in Kiev: Intergroup relations in late imperial associational life."
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3157:, O wschodniej granicy Polski z przed 1772 r., w: Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Oswalda Balzera, t. II, Lwów 1925, s. .
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776:(St. Volodymyr), the city residents accepted baptism en-masse in the Dnipro river, an event which symbolized the
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2071:, as well as choosing to send children to Russian schools was expedient for educational and career advancement.
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1968:
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1053:. Despite its diminished political significance, the city still played an important role as seat of the local
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leave the city for the surrounding countryside in order to try to spread Ukrainian ideas among the peasants.
1202:. However, this part of the Treaty was removed during the ratification. In the meantime, Vyhovsky's opponent
632:
between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire, while the Desna gave the area water access via portages to the
555:
analysis of ruined remnants of Podil log dwellings has only found evidence of settlement as far back as 887.
3996:
3825:
Kyiv, Ukraine: the city of domes and demons from the collapse of socialism to the mass uprising of 2013–2014
2176:
1679:, a joint Polish-Ukrainian military parade in the liberated city, but the Poles were soon driven out by the
1634:
1615:
1360:
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in the city, and some took part in Ukrainian organizations. Indeed, many of the poorer Polish nobles became
1265:
was established in the city (now known as National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv). The Ukrainian poet
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910:
781:
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in the 1970s, when universities and research facilities were gradually and secretly discouraged from using
1555:
Later the city became a war zone in the lasting and bloody struggle between Ukrainian, Polish and Russian
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3539:. Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History / Questioni di storia ebraica contemporanea. 2 April 2010
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914:
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805:
785:
777:
387:
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3905:
Surh, Gerald. "The Role of Civil and Military Commanders During the 1905 Pogroms in Odessa and Kiev."
3537:"State-sponsored Anti-Semitism in Postwar USSR. Studies and Research Perspectives; Antonella Salomoni"
1940:(as it is spelled in German) was one of the six subordinate 'general districts', February 1942 – 1943
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1568:
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1542:
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612:, an important source of information on the early history of the area, says that Slavic Kyivans told
47:
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3049:. A History of East Central Europe, Volume IV. pp.170-171. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
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1893:
1730:. In 1932–33, the city population, like most of the other Ukrainian territories, suffered from the
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refused to recognize it and resumed hostilities. In January 1654, Khmelnytsky decided to sign the
374:. Kyiv was also a major political and cultural center for Ukrainian nation, especially during the
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were included into the city. In 1932, the city became the administrative center of newly created
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beginning on 22 November 2004 at Independence Square. Much smaller counter-protests in favor of
1707:
73:
3082:
God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795, Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present
1328:
According to the Russian census of 1874, of 127,251 people living in Kyiv, 38,553 (39%) spoke "
3858:
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3490:
3448:
3393:
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3253:
3232:
3135:
3114:
3093:
3085:
3050:
3030:
3010:
2935:
2915:
2908:
2862:
2839:
2754:
2714:
2684:
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2278:, and many cities within it, up to the edge of Kyiv, they never managed to occupy any part of
2165:
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1866:
1831:). Overall, the battle proved disastrous for the Soviet side but it significantly delayed the
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23:
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1352:. 48,437 (or 49%) of the city's residents were listed as speaking "generally Russian speech (
602:, which should be interpreted as meaning 'stick, pole' as in its modern Ukrainian equivalent
339:
Its political, but not cultural, importance declined drastically in 1169, when the troops of
3817:
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2461:
2354:
2283:
2197:
2068:
2049:
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2012:
1948:
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874:
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310:
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and proposes the toponym should in that case be interpreted as 'palisaded settlement'. The
603:
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1930:
1840:
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in the late 19th century, Kyiv became an important trade and transportation center of the
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3711:"Ukraine carries out one of the deadliest attacks against Russian forces since war began"
3598:
2312:
The attack on 16 May 2023, when Kyiv was showered by 18 different Russian missiles and 3
3910:
2743:
Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia
2233:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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cooperated with its geography department as a field researcher and editor. However, the
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on 6 November 1943. For its role during the War the city was later awarded the title
1885:
1805:
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1400:
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and suppression of the local Ukrainian and Polish cultures, Kyiv experienced growing
1376:
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to obtain a military support against the Polish Crown. However, in November 1656 the
757:
732:
419:
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332:(d. AD 60/70), was fascinated by the spectacular location on the hilly shores of the
1096:
792:(Grand Prince from 1019 to 1054). In 1051, prince Yaroslav assembled the bishops at
531:
and his younger brothers Schek and Khoryv founded the city with their sister Lybid.
3573:
3558:
Making Sense of War: The Second World War and the Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution.
3536:
2313:
2048:, building new river bridges (connecting the old city with Left Bank suburbs), and
1981:
1850:
1824:
1801:
1660:
1503:
1258:. None of the Polish-Russian treaties concerning the city have ever been ratified.
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761:
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82:
2319:
The drone attack on 2 January 2023, when 60 drones entered Kyiv, killing a person.
1784:
camps. In the same time, the city's economy continued to grow, following Stalin's
1519:
1384:
3623:
3522:
Nicholas G. Bohatiuk, "The Economy of Kiev under Foreign Conquerors, 1941–1944,"
3422:
2518:(3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 28, note 53.
2153:
of the Soviet Union, the city became the capital of independent Ukraine in 1991.
823:
was based in Kyiv from the 11th century until the 13th-century Mongol invasions.
3068:
The Cambridge History of Poland, Volume I:From the Origins to Sobieski (to 1686)
2275:
2093:
1999:
The postwar period in Kyiv was one of rapid socio-economic growth and political
1916:
1900:
1881:
1715:
1622:
641:
451:
3876:
Young Ukraine: The Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Kiev, 1845–1847
3267:
2487:
2059:
threatening the Soviet way of life. In cultural sense it marked a new wave of
2045:
2026:
1933:
1695:
1535:
1523:
1476:
1468:
1372:
745:
From Oleg's seizure of the city until 1169, Kyiv functioned as the capital of
715:
622:
571:
504:
314:
3773:
3690:
2750:
1663:
before the Soviets once more took control in 1920. On 7 May 1920, during the
3359:
3343:
2341:
2323:
2008:
1908:
1884:
of captured Soviet citizens over the following years, including Ukrainians,
1731:
1699:
1588:
1556:
1480:
1273:
existed in Kyiv till that year, when it was abolished by the Decree of Tsar
1243:
942:
885:
870:
817:
769:
750:
662:
637:
3834:
Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian. "Whose city? Kyiv and its river after socialism."
3653:"Ukraine war: Dozens of missiles hit Kyiv and at least eight people killed"
1991:
were beaten, of whom thirty-six were hospitalized and five died of wounds.
1491:
784:. The city reached the height of its position – its political and cultural
2309:
The mass missile strike, which hit the city on 10 October 2022, killing 8.
1210:
in October 1659 with a representative of Russian tsar. In 1660, the local
3795:"Russian missile attack kills 36, hits children's hospital, Ukraine says"
2932:
After the deluge: Poland–Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
2858:
Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345
2836:
2652:(sixth ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.
2542:. Slavica Wratislaviensia CXXIV. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
2004:
1963:
1862:
1836:
1777:
1773:
1680:
1599:
1552:-language theaters and libraries were established by the new government.
1392:
1297:
1235:
1151:
1017:
of Kyiv the same year; his appointment was met by hostility from locals.
990:
922:
666:
3679:"U.S. Officials Confirm Damage to Patriot Defense System in Kyiv Attack"
2798:
1246:, and, on paper only for a period of two years, the city of Kyiv to the
1020:
At the time of the Lithuanian rule, the core of the city was located in
351:
of Kyiv by Rus' princes followed and it was completely destroyed in the
3762:"Ukraine says Russia targeting civilians as missiles hit Kyiv TV tower"
2449:
2329:
The 1 March 2022 missile strike, when 2 missiles destroyed part of the
1691:
1603:
1337:
1280:
1239:
1014:
831:
753:
718:
pagan chieftain. The date given for Oleg's conquest of the town in the
567:
476: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
431:
348:
286:
800:
as the first native-born metropolitan bishop of Rus'. In spite of the
2596:
The Cultural Gradient: The Transmission of Ideas in Europe, 1789–1991
2413:
Tolochko, P. P.; Ivakin, G. Y. & Vermenych, Y.V. (2007). "Kyiv".
2267:
2082:
2016:
1984:
1742:
in which dissent and non-communist organizations were not tolerated.
1440:
1309:
690:
3390:
The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
2465:
1880:, according to their own reports. Babi Yar was a site of additional
965:
710:(Helgi of Holmgard) conquered the city in 882. He was a relative of
3984:
3296:"Становлення українського театрального мистецтва у часи Гетьманату"
2249:
2025:
2000:
1952:
1849:
1781:
1647:
1490:
1409:
1403:. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was dominated by
1308:
was largely motivated by fear of Polish insurrection in the city.
1279:
1095:
1083:
of some significance in the early sixteenth century. The tolerant
1021:
964:
839:
804:
in Christianity, the Kyivan church maintained good relations with
711:
548:
503:
343:
pillaged it; the old town was destroyed, and the capital moved to
306:
2279:
2074:
Thus the city underwent another cycle of gradual Russification.
1988:
1870:
1865:, a location in Kyiv, became a site of one of the most infamous
1625:, an independent Ukraine was declared in the capital city under
933:, eventually moved the seat of the Metropolitanate from Kyiv to
686:
591:
403:
297:
3624:"Ukraine-Russia invasion: Europe prepares for wave of refugees"
3165:
3163:
2745:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 127.
1120:. Its role of Orthodox center strengthened due to expansion of
3628:
2333:, disabling some forms of communication, and killing 5 people.
2213:
2113:
1889:
1726:
In the 1930s, the city suffered terribly from famine and from
445:
3447:(in Polish, English, and Russian). Warszawa. pp. 88–89.
3113:, 1st edition. p. 145. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3070:, p. 526. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
3066:
Halecki, Oskar, F. Reddaway, J.H. Penson, Dyboski R. (1950).
3990:
2274:
border crossing, and although they managed to capture north-
1873:
from Kyiv and its suburbs were massacred at Babi Yar by the
566:, Kevin Alan Brook) speculated that the city was founded by
309:
settlement, it gradually acquired eminence as the center of
1874:
2599:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40.
2558:. (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature: Texts).
1641:
the city, before losing it to the bolsheviks again in the
1518:, was established in the city. Later that year, Ukrainian
1479:
was built and tested in Kyiv by Sikorsky, and in 1892 the
788:– in the middle of the 11th century under Volodymyr's son
3231:, pp.54–55. Instytut Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, Lublin.
2428:
Hamm, Michael F. (1996). "1. The Early History of Kiev".
2340:, when 30 missiles damaged residential buildings and the
1847:
for five days. More than a thousand Germans were killed.
889:
slaughtered much of the population, then razed the city.
3677:
Kim, Victoria; Schmitt, Eric; Ismay, John (2023-05-16).
3134:(in Polish). Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 22.
2627:(in Polish). Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 19.
1629:. Red Army forces once again recaptured the city in the
1451:
expelled seven hundred Jews from the city. In 1836, the
1060:. Starting in 1494, however, the city's local autonomy (
2951:
A letter of Bohdan Khmelnytsky to the Tsar Alexis, 1656
2454:
The Slavonic and East European Review - American Series
2130:
1475:, both of whom hailed from the city. The world's first
1300:
in Kyiv province, compared to only approximately 1,000
826:
Following the fragmentation of Kievan Rus' polity, the
2417:(in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. pp. 201–218.
2200:, former professional boxer, became the city's mayor.
2052:(the city's second, and later international airport).
1621:
With the withdrawal of German troops after the end of
1312:
factories and fine Warsaw shops had branches in Kyiv.
681:, came to the conclusion that the people called Rhos (
2540:
Latopis hustyński. Opracowanie, przekład i komentarze
1980:
Despite the end of the war, on 4–7 September 1945 an
1869:. During two days in September 1941, at least 33,771
1460:
in the city resulted in the death of about 100 Jews.
586:= settlement). Meanwhile Canadian Ukrainian linguist
336:
and prophesied that a great city would emerge there.
3907:
Jewish Social Studies: History, Culture, and Society
3392:. New York; Oxford. Oxford University Press, 1986,
3979:Ancient Kyiv: rapid development and dramatic decay
2576:"DNA Testing of the Rurikid and Gediminid Princes"
3736:"Blasts heard in Kyiv as Russian forces close in"
3599:"Враг пошел на прорыв границы в Киевской области"
3412:November 1998, Vol. 50, Issue 7, pages 1229–1244.
3007:The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine
2593:Evtuhov, Catherine & Kotkin, Stephen (2003).
2302:have been executed on Kyiv (as of October 2023).
1005:, the Principality of Kyiv was abolished and the
2913:. p.117. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
2266:in what was widely reported to be an attempt at
2156:The city was the site of mass protests over the
1827:occupied the city on 19 September 1941 (see the
683:qui se, id est gentem suum, Rhos vocari dicebant
625:for "high place") was built to defend the area.
3202:Princeton: Princeton University Press pp. 54–55
2189:In February 2014, the city was the site of the
1896:, perhaps as many as 60,000 additional people.
1698:were introduced. In 1927 the suburban areas of
1541:On 7 November 1917, it was transformed into an
1483:of the Russian Empire was established in Kyiv.
1395:migration, administrative actions (such as the
1154:triumphantly entered the city in the course of
941:. In the early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by
21:
3836:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
2683:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–5.
2322:The 26 February 2022 air strike, when Russian
1610:. By March, the city had been occupied by the
1009:was established in 1471. Lithuanian statesman
543:) means "belonging to Kyi" or "Kyi's place".
3883:Kiev: Jewish Metropolis, a History, 1859–1914
3218:Princeton: Princeton University Press pg. 103
3210:
3208:
3189:New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 120–122
3173:Princeton: Princeton University Press pg. 225
2375:"Kiew-Kyrill-Wohnplatz settlement Cyril Park"
1064:) gradually increased in a series of acts of
977:" (Description of Rus, Muscovy, and Tartary).
665:princes, probably of Swedish origin, but not
8:
2488:"An Introduction to the History of Khazaria"
2437:. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–17.
1780:forest. Tens of thousands were sentenced to
3793:Harmash, Olena; Hunder, Max (8 July 2024).
3379:, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2020-01-03
873:. Bogolyubsky established a new capital at
846:of Smolensk, was appointed to serve as the
722:is uncertain, and some historians, such as
3467:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3280:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3029:. Tom II, 1572-1795, p.178. PWN Warszawa.
2960:
2958:
2778:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
2713:. Cambridge University Press. p. 42.
2254:War damages after Russian shelling in 2022
1839:fighting the Nazis (see, for example, the
1526:this body competed for authority with the
1371:, whose members put forward the idea of a
1198:on the limited federate rights within the
975:Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae Descriptio
3181:
3179:
3009:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.62.
2934:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 81–82.
1369:Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
897:In the period between 1241 and 1362, the
669:. According to the Annals of St. Bertin (
492:Learn how and when to remove this message
3445:Polskie Konsulaty na Wschodzie 1918-1939
2021:Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR
1417:, built in 1902 by the Polish architect
1383:Following the gradual loss of Ukraine's
1367:founded a secret political society, the
1200:Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
382:, it helped preserve the traditions of
3250:The Soviet Union : a short history
2879:""Ukraina: Lietuvos epocha, 1320–1569""
2365:
2193:, also known as the Maidan Revolution.
1587:" on 29 January 1918 was extinguished,
838:(1067) that also led to the burning of
3460:
3273:
3132:Ormianie w Polsce dawnej i dzisiejszej
3047:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
2625:Ormianie w Polsce dawnej i dzisiejszej
2494:from the original on 24 December 2014.
2294:, especially in the satellite city of
2160:by supporters of opposition candidate
1675:, and on 9 May it was the site of the
1598:, forcing the Central Rada to flee to
973:, in a detail of Ortelius's 1562 map "
2618:
2616:
2326:shelled the city for over 30 minutes.
2149:After 57 years as the capital of the
842:. In 1146 the next Ruthenian bishop,
441:
7:
3966:Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR
3818:Timeline of Kyiv § Bibliography
3574:"Кличка оголосили новим мером Києва"
3424:Bukivnia: A crime without repentance
2860:. Cambridge University Press, p.209.
2158:2004 Ukrainian presidential election
1747:St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral
1659:It was then briefly occupied by the
1072:, finalized by a charter granted by
1042:The city was frequently attacked by
474:adding citations to reliable sources
412:several short-lived Ukrainian states
3878:(University of Ottawa Press, 1991).
3084:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2450:"The Khazar Origin of Ancient Kiev"
2151:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1892:and anyone suspected in aiding the
1753:, were demolished. Others, such as
1637:. In August 1919, the White armies
1579:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1522:was declared. During the period of
1046:and in 1482 was destroyed again by
854:(Bogolyubsky) sent an army against
772:. In 988, by order of Grand Prince
574:: Brutzkus posited an etymology of
527:consisting of Slavic tribal leader
414:. From 1921 on. it was part of the
3513:, Carroll & Graf, 1983. p. 225
1922:While the whole of Ukraine was a '
1915:building remained standing on the
1498:, in the city centre, c.1890–1905.
442:Kievan Rus' to the Mongol invasion
410:of 1917, it became the capital of
14:
2707:The Origins of the Slavic Nations
2677:Martin, Janet (6 December 2007).
1905:Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union
1380:authorities in March–April 1847.
877:. He lost Kyiv five years later.
848:Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Rus'
523:founded Kyiv in the 5th century;
324:Legend says that three brothers,
3651:Collier, Ian (10 October 2022).
2373:Khvoyka, Vikentiy (2015-12-28).
2344:children's hospital, killing 22.
2218:
2117:
2110:Capital of an independent nation
1653:Polish-Ukrainian military parade
1391:in the 19th century by means of
450:
280:
259:
238:
217:
205:
193:
181:
169:
130:
110:
98:
41:
29:
3964:). Kyiv: Institute of History,
3874:Luckyj, George Stephen Nestor.
3443:Wasilewski, Aleksander (2010).
2819:(in Ukrainian). 6 December 2021
2395:(in Ukrainian). 6 December 2021
2286:. On 2 April 2022, the Russian
1643:Battle of Kyiv of December 1919
1633:, taking the time to conduct a
1559:governments in the time of the
1158:establishing the rule of their
1116:, remaining the capital of the
756:dynasty which gradually became
461:needs additional citations for
436:dissolution of the Soviet Union
418:, and from 1934 the capital of
4018:Histories of cities in Ukraine
3348:Bolshevists Against The Church
3187:The Reconstruction of Nations.
1532:Russian Provisional Government
1348:, and 2,583 (2 percent) spoke
1232:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1168:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1114:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1110:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
945:defeated a Slavic army led by
657:(Haskuldr and Dyri) ruled the
364:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
145:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
125:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
117:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1:
3951:). Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1991.
2980:Approbacya komisyi Hadyackiey
2415:Енциклопедія історії України
1602:. The Bolsheviks established
1514:body headed by the historian
1426:Russian industrial revolution
434:, independent since the 1991
3843:East European Jewish Affairs
3760:Harding, Luke (2022-03-01).
3216:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917.
3200:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917.
3171:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917.
3027:Historia dyplomacji polskiej
2793:. 12/13: 761–780, page 776.
2741:Martin, Janet L.B. (2004) .
2173:Eurovision Song Contest 2005
1987:occurred around one hundred
1230:was concluded, in which the
1124:under Polish rule. In 1632,
1112:Kyiv was transferred to the
430:. It remains the capital of
3851:Kiev: a portrait, 1800–1917
2911:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917
2887:(in Lithuanian). 3 May 2010
2580:Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project
2486:Brook, Kevin Alan (2014) .
2431:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917
2305:Major air strikes include:
2260:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1631:January 1919 battle of Kyiv
1546:Ukrainian People's Republic
1340:, 9,736 (10 percent) spoke
1318:Ukrainian national movement
1208:Second Treaty of Pereyaslav
1024:and there was a Lithuanian
1013:was appointed as the first
661:at least in 842. They were
317:as the capital of medieval
212:Ukrainian People's Republic
188:Ukrainian People's Republic
4034:
3855:Princeton University Press
3815:
3561:Princeton University Press
3302:(in Ukrainian). 2018-09-03
3229:Historia Ukrainy 1772–1999
3130:Stopka, Krzysztof (2000).
2648:Vernadsky, George (1969).
2623:Stopka, Krzysztof (2000).
2514:Brook, Kevin Alan (2018).
2338:8 July 2024 missile strike
2207:
1738:and rapid movement toward
1487:Independence and Civil War
1344:, 7,863 (6 percent) spoke
981:Kyiv became a part of the
836:Battle on the river Nemiga
378:in the 17–18 centuries. A
245:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
3987:– Kiev historical website
3823:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian.
3321:"Що встиг Скоропадський?"
3227:Hrycak, Jaroslaw (2000).
3214:Michael F. Hamm. (1995).
3198:Michael F. Hamm. (1995).
3169:Michael F. Hamm. (1995).
3025:Wójcik, Zbigniew (1982).
2930:Frost, Robert I. (2004).
2909:Hamm, Michael F. (1993).
2791:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
2776:Medieval Russia: 980–1584
2680:Medieval Russia: 980-1584
2448:Brutzkus, Julius (1944).
2227:This section needs to be
1951:(b. 1902 – d. 1974, also
1936:, the region surrounding
1812:committed as part of the
1798:Soviet invasion of Poland
1608:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
951:Battle on the Irpin River
903:Mongol/Tatar overlordship
808:(note for example prince
749:, which was ruled by the
562:Western historians (e.g.
540:
370:, which later became the
3849:Hamm, Michael F (1993).
3364:The Central Asian Menace
3185:Timothy Snyder. (2003).
3109:Subtelny, Orest (1988).
2751:10.1017/CBO9780511523199
2300:30 different air strikes
2175:on 19 and 21 May in the
1903:" prepared ahead of the
1481:first electric tram line
1434:Brodsky Choral Synagogue
983:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
961:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
578:as a Turkic place name (
380:Christian city since 988
360:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
311:East Slavic civilization
105:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
92:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3933:, three volumes. Kyiv:
3485:(in Polish). Warszawa:
3377:Encyclopædia Britannica
3252:. Hoboken, New Jersey.
3080:Davies, Norman (1981).
3005:Plokhy, Serhii (2001).
2704:Plokhy, Serhii (2006).
2538:Suszko, Henryk (2003).
2182:Kyiv has co-hosted the
2003:. The arms race of the
1616:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1614:under the terms of the
1496:St. Michael's Monastery
1361:Russian Orthodox Church
1354:obshcherusskoe narechie
1263:St. Vladimir University
1226:On 31 January 1667 the
1196:Grand Duchy of Ruthenia
995:Grand Duke of Lithuania
929:(of Greek origin), the
856:Mstislav II Izyaslavich
695:eos gentis esse Sueonum
321:came from 879 to 1240.
19:Historical affiliations
3045:Stone, Daniel (2001).
2774:Martin, Janet (1996).
2288:assault of Kyiv Oblast
2255:
2034:
2033:during the Soviet era.
1859:
1755:Saint Sophia Cathedral
1656:
1606:as the capital of the
1499:
1421:
1336:), 12,917 (11%) spoke
1293:
1290:Monastery of the Caves
1214:were expelled by Tsar
1101:
1066:Lithuanian Grand Dukes
1035:with 18 towers on the
978:
913:, participated in the
911:Archbishop of Ruthenia
901:were forced to accept
516:
509:The Baptism of Kyivans
326:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv
291:
253:German-occupied Europe
3838:98.4 (2016): 367–379.
3827:(Amsterdam UP, 2016)
2856:Rowell, S.C. (1994).
2556:The Hustyn' Chronicle
2292:systematic war crimes
2253:
2210:Battle of Kyiv (2022)
2208:Further information:
2204:2022 Russian invasion
2191:Revolution of Dignity
2057:Ukrainian nationalism
2029:
1976:Postwar Ukrainian SSR
1854:Kyiv, as seen during
1853:
1651:
1594:took the city in the
1494:
1413:
1399:of 1863), and social
1283:
1277:on 23 December 1834.
1252:Eternal Peace of 1686
1099:
1085:Sigismund II Augustus
987:Battle at Blue Waters
968:
915:First Council of Lyon
866:Theotokos of Vladimir
782:Orthodox Christianity
778:Baptism of Kievan Rus
519:According to legend,
507:
384:Orthodox Christianity
3999:– KievGid.Net portal
3898:Pavlychko, Solomea.
3524:Ukrainian Quarterly,
3511:Justice at Nuremberg
3489:. 2020. p. 17.
3410:Europe-Asia Studies,
3248:Edele, Mark (2019).
2258:In 2022, during the
2171:The city hosted the
2031:Coat of arms of Kyiv
1867:Nazi WWII war crimes
1690:was formed in 1922,
1612:Imperial German Army
1569:Polish-Ukrainian War
1565:Ukrainian-Soviet War
1449:Nicholas I of Russia
1415:House with Chimaeras
1275:Nicholas I of Russia
1172:Treaty of Pereyaslav
1100:Coat of arms of Kyiv
931:Metropolitan of Kyiv
828:Principality of Kyiv
794:St. Sophia Cathedral
728:Constantin Zuckerman
673:) for the year 839,
470:improve this article
362:, its successor the
48:Principality of Kiev
3962:Історія міста Києва
3949:Історія міста Києва
3909:15.3 (2009): 39–55
3845:30.1 (2000): 17–38.
2377:. pamyatky.kiev.ua.
2264:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
2105:Independent Ukraine
1894:resistance movement
1677:Kyiv Victory Parade
1635:city-census of Kyiv
1534:and later with the
1516:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1419:Władysław Horodecki
1256:Catherine the Great
1141:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
1104:In 1569, under the
1074:Sigismund I the Old
935:Vladimir-on-Kliazma
869:icon – from nearby
553:dendrochronological
386:, especially under
3993:– All Kyiv history
3683:The New York Times
3632:. 24 February 2022
3509:Conot, Robert E.,
3430:2007-05-24 at the
3350:, 7 February 1918.
3111:Ukraine: A History
2256:
2129:. You can help by
2090:Chernobyl accident
2035:
1960:city was liberated
1942:Generalbezirk Kiew
1929:', under the Nazi
1919:, a main street).
1860:
1751:Fountain of Samson
1657:
1561:Russian Revolution
1500:
1453:Pale of Settlement
1422:
1334:Ukrainian language
1294:
1228:Truce of Andrusovo
1148:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
1102:
1011:Martynas Goštautas
979:
882:Rurik Rostislavich
844:Kliment Smoliatich
685:) belonged to the
679:Holy Roman Emperor
671:Annales Bertiniani
590:connects the name
588:Jaroslav Rudnyckyj
517:
408:October Revolution
341:Andrey Bogolyubsky
3991:Kyiv History Site
3981:- BEST KYIV GUIDE
3900:Letters from Kiev
3892:(2006): 475–501.
3603:Украинская правда
3578:Українська правда
3496:978-83-8098-825-5
3483:Zbrodnia katyńska
3454:978-83-7585-140-3
3388:Robert Conquest.
3259:978-1-119-36741-3
2730:on 29 March 2017.
2663:978-0-300-00247-8
2650:History of Russia
2564:978-1-932650-03-7
2552:Tolochko, Oleksiy
2525:978-1-5381-0342-5
2284:air raid shelters
2248:
2247:
2168:also took place.
2166:Viktor Yanukovych
2162:Viktor Yushchenko
2147:
2146:
1786:industrialization
1712:Mykilska Slobidka
1573:Polish-Soviet War
1508:Tsentralnaya Rada
1365:Mykola Kostomarov
1248:Tsardom of Russia
1192:Treaty of Hadiach
1176:Tsardom of Russia
1162:in the city. The
1160:Cossack Hetmanate
1122:Roman Catholicism
1118:Kijów Voivodeship
1092:Kingdom of Poland
1003:Casimir Jagiellon
947:Stanislav of Kyiv
790:Yaroslav the Wise
766:withstood a siege
720:Primary Chronicle
703:Primary Chronicle
700:According to the
647:According to the
609:Primary Chronicle
502:
501:
494:
376:Cossack Hetmanate
368:Tsardom of Russia
276:from 1944 to 1991
255:from 1941 to 1944
234:from 1922 to 1941
165:from 1721 to 1737
156:from 1667 to 1721
154:Tsardom of Russia
147:from 1648 to 1667
137:Cossack Hetmanate
94:from 1362 to 1471
85:from 1301 to 1362
76:from 1271 to 1301
67:from 1243 to 1271
58:from 1132 to 1243
4025:
3956:
3942:
3925:
3868:
3806:
3805:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3570:
3564:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3440:
3434:
3421:Mykola Lysenko.
3419:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:Історична правда
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3271:
3245:
3239:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3196:
3190:
3183:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3127:
3121:
3107:
3101:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3043:
3037:
3023:
3017:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2984:. Archived from
2982:. Warszawa 1659"
2974:
2968:
2962:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2928:
2922:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2875:
2869:
2853:
2847:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2723:. Archived from
2712:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2572:
2566:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2516:Jews of Khazaria
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2355:Timeline of Kyiv
2243:
2240:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2198:Vitali Klitschko
2177:Palace of Sports
2142:
2139:
2121:
2114:
2050:Boryspil Airport
2039:Soviet education
2013:microelectronics
1949:Waldemar Magunia
1946:Generalkommissar
1821:Second World War
1800:at the start of
1665:Russo-Polish War
1585:January Uprising
1445:Saint Petersburg
1267:Taras Shevchenko
1216:Alexis of Russia
1204:Yuri Khmelnytsky
1164:Zaporizhian Host
1139:established the
1108:that formed the
1081:Jewish community
1062:Magdeburg rights
1034:
1007:Kyiv Voivodeship
880:In 1203, Prince
852:Andrei of Suzdal
821:merchant factory
814:Pope Gregory VII
802:East–West Schism
739:Schechter Letter
708:Oleg of Novgorod
650:Hustyn Chronicle
542:
525:a founder-family
511:, a painting by
497:
490:
486:
483:
477:
454:
446:
285:
284:
283:
264:
263:
262:
243:
242:
241:
222:
221:
220:
210:
209:
208:
198:
197:
196:
186:
185:
184:
174:
173:
172:
135:
134:
133:
115:
114:
113:
103:
102:
101:
46:
45:
44:
34:
33:
32:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4013:History of Kyiv
4003:
4002:
3997:History of Kyiv
3975:
3958:History of Kyiv
3954:
3945:History of Kyiv
3940:
3927:History of Kyiv
3923:
3920:
3918:Other languages
3881:Meir, Natan M.
3865:
3848:
3820:
3814:
3812:Further reading
3809:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3740:Washington Post
3734:
3733:
3729:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3693:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3563:. 2008. p. 192.
3555:
3551:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3459:
3455:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3432:Wayback Machine
3420:
3416:
3407:
3403:
3387:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3366:, 21 March 1918
3358:
3354:
3342:
3338:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3272:
3260:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3226:
3222:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3161:
3155:Eugeniusz Romer
3153:
3149:
3142:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3108:
3104:
3079:
3075:
3064:
3060:
3044:
3040:
3024:
3020:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2888:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2854:
2850:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2466:10.2307/3020228
2447:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2127:needs expansion
2112:
2107:
2067:. Switching to
1997:
1978:
1931:Reichskommissar
1841:Arsenal Factory
1833:German advances
1794:
1740:totalitarianism
1724:
1581:
1510:), a Ukrainian
1489:
1397:Valuev Circular
1298:Polish noblemen
1224:
1190:who signed the
1106:Union of Lublin
1094:
1028:
969:Kyiv, labelled
963:
907:Peter Akerovich
899:princes of Kyiv
895:
861:sacked the city
768:by the nomadic
724:Omeljan Pritsak
675:Louis the Pious
564:Julius Brutzkus
557:Omeljan Pritsak
513:Klavdiy Lebedev
498:
487:
481:
478:
467:
455:
444:
428:Soviet republic
353:Mongol invasion
292:
281:
279:
278:
269:
260:
258:
257:
248:
239:
237:
236:
227:
218:
216:
215:
206:
204:
203:
200:Ukrainian State
194:
192:
191:
182:
180:
179:
170:
168:
167:
158:
149:
140:
131:
129:
128:
120:
111:
109:
108:
99:
97:
96:
87:
78:
74:Kingdom of Rus'
69:
65:Vladimir-Suzdal
60:
51:
42:
40:
39:
30:
28:
27:
20:
12:
11:
5:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4005:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3973:External links
3971:
3970:
3969:
3955:(in Ukrainian)
3952:
3943:F.Berlynskyi.
3941:(in Ukrainian)
3938:
3931:История Киева)
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3903:
3896:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3785:
3752:
3727:
3702:
3669:
3643:
3615:
3590:
3580:(in Ukrainian)
3565:
3549:
3528:
3515:
3502:
3495:
3474:
3453:
3435:
3414:
3401:
3381:
3368:
3352:
3336:
3312:
3287:
3258:
3240:
3220:
3204:
3191:
3175:
3159:
3147:
3140:
3122:
3102:
3073:
3058:
3038:
3018:
2998:
2969:
2954:
2943:
2923:
2901:
2884:Bernardinai.lt
2870:
2848:
2846:(in Ukrainian)
2829:
2804:
2781:
2766:
2759:
2733:
2719:
2696:
2690:978-0521859165
2689:
2669:
2662:
2640:
2633:
2612:
2605:
2585:
2567:
2531:
2524:
2506:
2497:
2478:
2460:(1): 108–124.
2440:
2420:
2405:
2380:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2246:
2245:
2226:
2224:
2217:
2205:
2202:
2184:UEFA Euro 2012
2145:
2144:
2124:
2122:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2085:and the West.
2015:and precision
1996:
1993:
1977:
1974:
1878:Einsatzgruppen
1829:Battle of Kyiv
1814:Katyn massacre
1810:intelligentsia
1796:Following the
1793:
1790:
1723:
1720:
1627:Symon Petliura
1596:Battle of Kyiv
1580:
1577:
1512:self-governing
1488:
1485:
1465:Pyotr Nesterov
1430:Russian Empire
1330:Little Russian
1314:Józef Zawadzki
1306:St. Petersburg
1302:Russian nobles
1223:
1222:Russian Empire
1220:
1184:Truce of Vilna
1182:concluded the
1156:their uprising
1093:
1090:
1044:Crimean Tatars
989:in 1362, when
962:
959:
939:Bishop of Kyiv
919:Western Europe
894:
891:
812:'s request to
796:and appointed
659:Rus' Khaganate
655:Askold and Dir
614:Askold and Dir
582:= riverbank +
551:district, but
500:
499:
458:
456:
449:
443:
440:
420:Soviet Ukraine
372:Russian Empire
176:Russian Empire
163:Russian Empire
81:vassal of the
24:Rus' Khaganate
18:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4030:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3935:Naukova dumka
3932:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:Slavic Review
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:online review
3866:
3864:0-691-03253-X
3860:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3786:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3753:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3556:Amir Weiner.
3553:
3550:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3456:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:0-19-505180-7
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:83-85854-50-9
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3141:83-7188-325-0
3137:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:0-8020-8390-0
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3098:0-19-925340-4
3095:
3091:
3090:0-19-925339-0
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3055:0-295-98093-1
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:83-01-00423-1
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:0-19-924739-0
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2988:on 2010-03-05
2987:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2940:0-521-54402-5
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:0-691-03253-X
2917:
2914:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:0-521-45011-X
2864:
2861:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:966-02-1683-1
2841:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2760:9780521548113
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2720:9780521864039
2716:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2634:83-7188-325-0
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2606:0-7425-2063-3
2602:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:83-229-2412-7
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:Kyiv TV tower
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:attack drones
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2242:
2230:
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2216:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2141:
2132:
2128:
2125:This section
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:Russification
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:officers and
1807:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1766:Joseph Stalin
1763:
1762:Ukrainization
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:Stalinization
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:Ukrainian SSR
1684:
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1539:
1537:
1533:
1530:loyal to the
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:In 1917, the
1497:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:Igor Sikorsky
1471:pioneer) and
1470:
1466:
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1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:modernization
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:Russification
1386:
1381:
1378:
1377:Slavic people
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:Great Russian
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:Ukrainianized
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:in the 1890s.
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:Magdeburg Law
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
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1229:
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1189:
1188:Ivan Vyhovsky
1185:
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1177:
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1056:
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1051:Meñli I Giray
1049:
1045:
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1038:
1032:
1027:
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1018:
1016:
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1008:
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771:
767:
763:
762:Grand Princes
759:
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748:
743:
741:
740:
735:
734:
733:Kyivan Letter
729:
725:
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482:February 2022
475:
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465:
464:
459:This section
457:
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346:
342:
337:
335:
334:Dnieper River
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
290:
289:1991–present
288:
277:
275:
267:
266:Ukrainian SSR
256:
254:
246:
235:
233:
225:
224:Ukrainian SSR
213:
201:
189:
177:
166:
164:
157:
155:
148:
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138:
127:
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118:
106:
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77:
75:
68:
66:
59:
57:
49:
37:
25:
16:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3937:, 1982–1986.
3930:
3926:
3924:(in Russian)
3906:
3899:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3850:
3842:
3835:
3824:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3777:. Retrieved
3766:The Guardian
3765:
3755:
3744:. Retrieved
3742:. 2022-02-25
3739:
3730:
3719:. Retrieved
3717:. 2023-01-02
3715:PBS NewsHour
3714:
3705:
3694:. Retrieved
3682:
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3660:. Retrieved
3656:
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3634:. Retrieved
3627:
3618:
3607:. Retrieved
3605:(in Russian)
3602:
3593:
3582:. Retrieved
3577:
3568:
3557:
3552:
3541:. Retrieved
3531:
3523:
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3404:
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3384:
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3347:
3339:
3328:. Retrieved
3324:
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3304:. Retrieved
3299:
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3243:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3170:
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3131:
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3105:
3081:
3076:
3067:
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3041:
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3021:
3006:
3001:
2990:. Retrieved
2986:the original
2979:
2972:
2965:
2946:
2931:
2926:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2889:. Retrieved
2882:
2873:
2857:
2851:
2832:
2821:. Retrieved
2816:
2807:
2790:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2742:
2736:
2725:the original
2706:
2699:
2679:
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2643:
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2595:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2555:
2539:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2457:
2453:
2443:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2397:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2368:
2304:
2257:
2236:
2228:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2170:
2155:
2148:
2135:
2131:adding to it
2126:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2054:
2043:
2036:
2001:pacification
1998:
1979:
1967:
1957:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1927:commissariat
1924:
1921:
1913:
1898:
1882:mass murders
1861:
1856:World War II
1845:
1825:Nazi Germany
1818:
1802:World War II
1795:
1792:World War II
1770:
1759:
1744:
1736:
1725:
1696:trolleybuses
1685:
1661:White armies
1658:
1620:
1582:
1554:
1540:
1528:Russian Army
1507:
1504:Central Rada
1501:
1462:
1438:
1423:
1382:
1358:
1353:
1327:
1295:
1260:
1225:
1145:
1135:of Kyiv and
1133:Metropolitan
1126:Peter Mogila
1103:
1078:
1070:Polish Kings
1058:metropolitan
1048:Crimean Khan
1041:
1037:Zamkova Hora
1019:
999:Golden Horde
980:
970:
955:Golden Horde
896:
893:Golden Horde
879:
864:
825:
744:
737:
731:
719:
701:
699:
694:
682:
648:
646:
627:
618:
607:
596:Proto-Slavic
583:
579:
575:
561:
545:
532:
528:
518:
508:
488:
479:
468:Please help
463:verification
460:
424:World War II
416:Soviet Union
402:
398:Soviet Union
357:
338:
330:Saint Andrew
323:
302:
295:
293:
274:Soviet Union
272:part of the
271:
250:
232:Soviet Union
230:part of the
229:
161:part of the
160:
152:part of the
151:
143:part of the
142:
123:part of the
122:
90:part of the
89:
83:Golden Horde
80:
72:part of the
71:
62:
54:part of the
53:
22:
15:
3300:Matrix-info
2276:Kyiv Oblast
2094:radioactive
1995:1950s–1990s
1982:antisemitic
1917:Khreschatyk
1901:Hunger Plan
1819:During the
1716:Kyiv Oblast
1673:Polish Army
1623:World War I
1583:After the "
1543:independent
1424:During the
1206:signed the
1079:Kyiv had a
1029: [
1026:Kyiv Castle
925:. In 1299,
905:. In 1245,
774:Volodymyr I
747:Kievan Rus'
347:. Numerous
319:Kievan Rus'
296:history of
56:Kievan Rus'
36:Kievan Rus'
4007:Categories
3985:Gorod Kiev
3816:See also:
3779:2023-10-25
3746:2023-10-25
3721:2023-10-25
3696:2023-10-25
3662:10 October
3609:2023-10-25
3584:2022-01-18
3543:2012-07-26
3330:2022-06-20
3306:2022-06-20
3268:1055418938
2992:2010-03-22
2823:2022-06-20
2399:2022-06-20
2361:References
2239:March 2024
2138:March 2011
1934:Erich Koch
1708:Chokolivka
1686:After the
1639:recaptured
1592:Red Guards
1536:Bolsheviks
1524:dual power
1477:helicopter
1469:aerobatics
1373:federation
1180:Muscovites
985:after the
850:. In 1169
810:Iziaslav I
786:Golden Age
758:Slavicized
623:Old Turkic
521:East Slavs
393:, and the
366:, and the
315:Golden Age
268:1944–1991
247:1941–1944
226:1919–1941
214:1918–1920
190:1917–1918
178:1737–1917
139:1648–1737
119:1569–1648
107:1471–1569
50:1132–1471
3774:0261-3077
3691:0362-4331
3463:cite book
3360:The Times
3344:The Times
3276:cite book
2342:Okhmatdyt
2324:artillery
2196:In 2014,
2065:Ukrainian
2009:aerospace
1969:Hero City
1909:Wehrmacht
1732:Holodomor
1700:Darnytsia
1589:Bolshevik
1557:Bolshevik
1550:Ukrainian
1261:In 1834,
1244:Chernigov
1212:Armenians
1146:In 1648,
1076:in 1516.
997:, beat a
943:Gediminas
886:Batu Khan
871:Vyshhorod
770:Pechenegs
751:Varangian
716:Varangian
663:Varangian
537:Ukrainian
355:of 1240.
313:. Kyiv's
38:882–1132
26:c.830–882
3657:Sky News
3428:Archived
3375:“Kyiv,”
2891:8 August
2817:babel.ua
2799:41036344
2554:(2010).
2492:Archived
2393:babel.ua
2349:See also
2005:Cold War
1964:Red Army
1944:, under
1899:In the "
1863:Babi Yar
1837:Red Army
1788:policy.
1778:Bykivnia
1776:and the
1774:Babi Yar
1749:and the
1681:Red Army
1669:captured
1600:Zhytomyr
1571:and the
1520:autonomy
1385:autonomy
1375:of free
1236:Smolensk
1152:Cossacks
1130:Orthodox
1055:Orthodox
991:Algirdas
923:Far East
921:and the
875:Vladimir
818:Armenian
798:Hilarion
736:and the
667:Rurikids
644:basins.
388:Catholic
349:sackings
345:Vladimir
251:part of
63:part of
3968:, 1960.
3902:(1992).
3799:Reuters
3636:2 March
2471:14 July
2229:updated
2069:Russian
1962:by the
1692:Kharkiv
1671:by the
1667:it was
1655:in 1920
1604:Kharkiv
1458:pogroms
1405:Russian
1393:Russian
1338:Yiddish
1332:" (the
1288:to the
1240:Severia
1137:Galicia
1015:voivode
949:at the
927:Maximus
834:at the
832:Polotsk
754:Rurikid
689:of the
594:to the
572:Magyars
568:Khazars
432:Ukraine
395:atheist
287:Ukraine
3911:online
3894:online
3861:
3829:online
3772:
3689:
3493:
3451:
3396:
3266:
3256:
3235:
3138:
3117:
3096:
3088:
3053:
3033:
3013:
2938:
2918:
2865:
2842:
2797:
2757:
2717:
2687:
2660:
2631:
2603:
2562:
2546:
2522:
2272:Vilcha
2268:regime
2083:Israel
2017:optics
1985:pogrom
1886:Romani
1806:Polish
1710:, and
1567:, the
1563:, the
1441:Moscow
1350:German
1346:Polish
1310:Warsaw
1250:. The
1234:ceded
1128:, the
909:, the
760:. The
691:Swedes
677:, the
619:Sambat
391:Poland
307:Slavic
2795:JSTOR
2728:(PDF)
2711:(PDF)
2435:(PDF)
2296:Bucha
2046:Metro
1953:NSDAP
1925:Reich
1782:GULAG
1722:1930s
1704:Lanky
1286:gates
1174:with
1033:]
1022:Podil
840:Minsk
712:Rurik
642:Volga
630:route
600:*kyjь
598:root
549:Podil
422:. In
202:1918
3859:ISBN
3770:ISSN
3687:ISSN
3664:2022
3638:2022
3491:ISBN
3469:link
3449:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3282:link
3264:OCLC
3254:ISBN
3233:ISBN
3136:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3094:ISBN
3086:ISBN
3051:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3011:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2916:ISBN
2893:2023
2863:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2685:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2601:ISBN
2560:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2473:2024
2336:The
2280:Kyiv
2098:CPSU
2088:The
1989:Jews
1958:The
1938:Kiew
1890:POWs
1871:Jews
1443:and
1284:The
1242:and
1068:and
971:Kiou
806:Rome
726:and
714:, a
687:gens
636:and
592:Kyiv
576:Kyiv
541:Київ
533:Kyiv
404:Kyiv
303:Kiev
298:Kyiv
294:The
3629:BBC
3487:IPN
2747:doi
2462:doi
2133:.
1843:).
1436:).
1150:'s
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638:Oka
634:Don
604:Кий
580:Küi
570:or
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