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751:. The Union losses caused Northern authorities to question the necessity of further Union involvement in the militarily insignificant region of northern Florida. On the morning of 22 February, as the Union forces were still retreating to Jacksonville, the 54th Massachusetts was ordered to counter-march back to Ten-Mile Station. The locomotive of a train carrying wounded Union soldiers had broken down and the wounded were in danger of capture. When the 54th Massachusetts arrived, the men attached ropes to the engine and cars and manually pulled the train approximately three miles to Camp Finnegan, where horses were secured to help pull the train. After that, the train was pulled by both men and horses to Jacksonville for a total distance of ten miles. It took forty-two hours to pull the train that distance.
1336:) gathered in Hemming Park armed with baseball bats and ax handles. They attacked the protesters conducting sit-ins. The violence spread, and the white mob started attacking all African-Americans in sight. Rumors were rampant on both sides that the unrest was spreading around the county (in reality, the violence stayed in relatively the same location, and did not spill over into the mostly-white, upper-class Cedar Hills neighborhood, for example). A black street gang called the "Boomerangs" attempted to protect the demonstrators. Police, who had not intervened when the protesters were attacked, now became involved, arresting members of the Boomerangs and other black residents who attempted to stop the beatings.
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613:. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. As a result of these initiatives northeastern Florida prospered economically in a way it never did under Spanish rule. Furthermore, the British governors were directed to call general assemblies as soon as possible in order to make laws for the Floridas and in the meantime they were, with the advice of councils, to establish courts. This would be the first introduction of much of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including
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851:. Inbound and outbound mail was fumigated in an effort to reduce contagion. Jacksonville's reputation as a healthful tourist destination suffered. The African-American population did not appear to catch the disease, leading the panicked population into erroneously believing that the black residents were "carriers" of the Yellow Fever. In fact, Black people had immunity from catching the disease earlier, as children.
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640:. Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities, the Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to migrate into Florida unchecked. These migrants, mixing with the already present English-speaking settlers who had lived in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as
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902:, which started when hot ash from a shantyhouse's chimney landed on the drying moss at Cleaveland's Fiber Factory. At half past noon most of the Cleaveland workers were at lunch, but by the time they returned the entire city block was engulfed in flames. The fire destroyed the business district and rendered 10,000 residents homeless in the course of eight hours. Florida Governor
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534:. During the war the British had defeated the Spanish in Cuba and occupied the island, whereas Florida had hardly seen any fighting. As part of the negotiations between the two nations in the aftermath of the war, Spain would cede Florida to Great Britain in exchange for the return of Cuba. The British agreed and Florida was ceded to
1023:, a comedic actor and Georgia native, began his motion picture career in Jacksonville. He starred in over 36 short silent films his first year acting. With the closing of Lubin in early 1915, Oliver moved to New York then New Jersey to find film jobs. Acquiring a job with the Vim Company in early 1915, he returned to
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The battle was a devastating loss for the Union and a decisive victory for the
Confederacy. Soldiers on both sides were veterans of the great battles in the eastern and western theaters of war, but many of them remarked in letters and diaries that they had never experienced such terrible fighting.
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When he arrived, Ribault launched a naval expedition of 200 sailors and 400 soldiers to dislodge the
Spanish, but a storm at sea incapacitated them for several days and caused numerous deaths. On September 20, 1565, Menéndez marched his men overland to Fort Caroline, defended by 200 or 250 people,
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was among them. White protesters were the object of particular dislike by racists, so when the fracas began, Parker was hustled out of the area for his own protection. The police had been watching him and arrested him as an instigator, charging him with vagrancy, disorderly conduct and inciting a
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epidemics in 1886 and 1888. During the second one, nearly ten percent of the more than 4,000 victims died, including the city's mayor. In the absence of scientific knowledge concerning the cause of yellow fever, nearly half (10,000 out of 25,000) of the city's panicked residents fled despite the
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burned it to the ground. The
Spanish rebuilt the fort, but abandoned it in 1569. The Spanish next built Fort San Nicolas further upriver to protect the rear flank of St. Augustine. "San Nicolas" served as their name for the Jacksonville area, a placename which survives in the neighborhood of St.
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The naval base became a key training ground in the 1950s and 1960s and as such, the population of the city rose dramatically. More than half of the residents in
Jacksonville had some tie to the naval base, whether it be a relative stationed there, or due to employment opportunities, by 1970,
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Between 1812 and 1814 during the War of 1812 between the US and
Britain, the US Navy assisted American settlers in Florida in "The Patriot War", a covert attempt to seize control of Florida from the Spanish. They began with invasions of Fernandina and Amelia Island. Spain sold the
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On
December 29, 1963, a fire gutted the first couple of stories of the Hotel Roosevelt on Adams Street, killing 22 people, setting a record for the highest one-day death toll in Jacksonville history. The hotel was later abandoned, with most businesses inside moving to the nearby
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and other low lying neighborhoods early on
September 14; in total, nearly 80,000 Jacksonville residents left their homes. Ultimately the storm turned northward 125 miles off the coast, causing only minor damage in Jacksonville and the southeastern U.S. before making landfall in
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was hung by his thumbs for stealing from a field kitchen. The punishment led to a riot and gunfire was exchanged between black enlisted men and their white officers. The riot was put down and several soldiers were put on trial for mutiny, with 6 of them being executed.
1115:(and bust). Hordes of train passengers passed through Jacksonville on their way south to the new tourist destinations of South Florida, as most of the passenger trains arriving from the population centers of the North were routed through Jacksonville.
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and other eateries. They were denied service and kicked, spit at and addressed with racial slurs. This came to a head on "Ax Handle
Saturday", August 27, 1960. A group of 200 middle aged and older white men (allegedly some were also members of the
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Dora was the only storm in recorded history to affect
Jacksonville with hurricane-force winds, though the city has been affected by weaker storms as well as hurricanes that lost intensity before reaching the area. In September 1999, after
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Jacksonville's mostly conservative residents, however, objected to the hallmarks of the early movie industry, such as car chases in the streets, simulated bank robberies and fire alarms in public places, and even the occasional riot.
973:. In need of a winter headquarters, moviemakers were attracted to Jacksonville due to its warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheaper labor, earning the city the title of "The Winter Film Capital of the World."
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and occupied
Jacksonville. Throughout the war Jacksonville changed hands several times, though never with a battle. On February 20, 1864, Union soldiers from Jacksonville marched inland and confronted the Confederate Army at the
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the year before, became the first mayor of the consolidated government. Jacksonville became the largest city in Florida and the 13th largest in the United States, and has a greater land area than any other American city outside
1161:("NAS Jax") on the westside became the first navy installation in the city. This base was a major training center during World War II, with over 20,000 pilots and aircrewmen being trained there. After the war, the Navy's elite
35:, settled by British colonists. Its major development occurred in the late nineteenth century, when it became a winter vacation destination for tourists from the North and Midwest. Its development was halted or slowed by the
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on September 11, 1964, with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h), becoming the first on record to make landfall in the region. Despite the storm damage, over 20,000 fans attended a live concert the next day at the
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was sunk at Jacksonville, April 1, 1864. The U.S. Transport General Hunter was sunk in the St. John's River, April 16, 1864, close to where the Maple Leaf was sunk. In the fall of 1865, a black enlisted man in the
1180:. In 1993, the Navy decided to close NAS Cecil Field, and this was completed in 1999. The land once occupied by this installation is now known as the "Cecil Commerce Center" and contains one of the campuses of
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wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832. Remembered as the city's most important founding father, Hart is memorialized with the
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and other Midwestern cities, designed exuberant local buildings with a Florida flair. While many of Klutho's buildings were demolished by the 1980s, a number of his creations remain, including the
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1137:) in the 1920s began to draw significant automobile traffic as well. An important entry point to the state since the 1870s, Jacksonville now justifiably billed itself as the "Gateway to Florida."
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499:, and eventually warfare with the Utina. Ribault finally reached the fort with a relief expedition in the summer, and assumed command of the settlement. In the meantime, the Spanish admiral
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had broken out during his absence. His return to Florida was delayed as a result. Without leadership or provisions, the colonists abandoned Charlesfort. In 1564 Ribault's former lieutenant,
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had just returned to New York from a year in Europe when he read about the Jacksonville fire and, seeing a rare opportunity, he headed south. Klutho and other architects, enamored by the "
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was Executive Director of the commission and the key architect of Jacksonville's consolidated government, transition coordinator and chief administrative officer following consolidation.
1297:(JPA) for $ 2,000/acre, then installed infrastructure using over 1,000 workers. A total of $ 125 million was invested in the property and facility, however; no plants were ever built.
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949:. Despite the losses of the last several decades, Jacksonville still has one of the largest collections of Prairie Style buildings (particularly residences) outside the Midwest.
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43:, and the economic woes of the 1960s and 70s. Since the late 20th century, the city has experienced steady growth, with a new federal building constructed in downtown in 2003.
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units to help. Reconstruction started immediately, and the city was returned to civil authority on May 17. Despite the widespread damage, only seven deaths were reported.
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at the mouth of the St. Johns River. This port developed through World War II and today is the home port for many types of navy ships, most notably the aircraft carrier
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Even before the outbreak of war, a militia unit was raised in Jacksonville in April 1859. The unit, called the Jacksonville Light Infantry, would become Company A of the
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By the end of the war in 1865, a Union commander commented that Jacksonville had become "pathetically dilapidated, a mere skeleton of its former self, a victim of war."
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was the first to open a permanent studio in Jacksonville. Over the course of the next decade, more than 30 silent film companies established studios in town, including
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and killed everyone except for 50 women and children and 26 men who escaped. The Spanish picked up the survivors of Ribault's fleet, and summarily executed all but 20.
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826:, but the Florida-style world's fair did not lead to a lasting boost for tourism in Jacksonville. The area declined in importance as a resort destination after
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were established at NAS Jax. Today NAS Jax is the third largest navy installation in the country and employs over 23,000 civilian and active-duty personnel.
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1346:, recalled stumbling into the riot. Glover said he ran to the police, expecting them to arrest the thugs, but was told to leave town or risk being killed.
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from 1995 to 26 July 2007, when Big John was towed away, eventually to be mothballed in Philadelphia. NS Mayport current employs about 14,000 personnel.
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In June 1941, land in the westernmost side of Duval County was earmarked for a second naval air facility. This became NAS Cecil Field, which during the
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2688:"Florida and the Early Years of African American Film » P.K. Yonge Library of Florida History » UF Libraries » University of Florida"
1278:. Construction of the new facility was projected to cost $ 200 million and create 10,000 new jobs when completed in 1976. Contracts were signed by
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396:. At the time of contact with Europeans, most Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the
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government structure, it has the largest municipal population among Florida cities, as well as the largest land area of any city in the
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A significant part of Jacksonville's growth in the 20th century came from the presence of navy bases in the region. October 15, 1940,
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The Spanish took over Fort Caroline, renaming it as San Matteo. In 1568 the French and Spanish confronted each other again here, when
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Image Dimensions: 35.5 x 32 inches via: Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc.; 7407 La Jolla Boulevard; La Jolla, CA
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to the south, reaching Palm Beach in 1894 and the Miami area in 1896. This drew tourism to the southern Atlantic Coast.
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area). Ribault intended to resupply Fort Caroline in early 1565, but was again delayed. As a result, the colony faced
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Several whites had joined the black protesters on that day. Richard Charles Parker, a 25-year-old student attending
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and the Lincoln Motion Picture Company. In contrast to the degrading parts offered in certain white films such as
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2016:
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464:, launched a new expedition to found a colony on the St. Johns River. On June 22, 1564, the settlers established
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https://filminflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Analysis-of-the-Florida-Film-and-Entertainment-Industry.pdf
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1459:. All areas of Duval County are considered part of Jacksonville besides the four independent municipalities of
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3002:"40 years ago this weekend, Jacksonville gave itself a national reputation for violence - Jacksonville.com"
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1691:"Narrative of Le Moyne, an Artist who Accompanied the French Expedition to Florida Under Laudonnière, 1564"
1438:. To compensate for the loss of population and tax revenue and end waste and corruption, voters elected to
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to the United States in 1821 and, by 1822, Jacksonville's current name had come into use, to honor General
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was emerging as the major movie production center, thanks in large part to the move of film pioneers like
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in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of
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Randel, William (1 March 1965). "From Slate to Emerald Green: More Light on Crane's Jacksonville Visit".
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area. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical record period, the area was inhabited by the
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has been found dating to 2500 BC, nearly the oldest in the United States and second to artifacts of the
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1403:, over one million Floridians were evacuated from coastal areas, many of them from Jacksonville. Mayor
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On May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by the Great Fire—the largest-ever urban fire in the
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Through the 1960s Jacksonville, like most other large cities in the US, suffered from the effects of
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Ste Claire, Dana (2006). Cracker: Cracker Culture in Florida History. University Press of Florida.
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The 1920s brought significant real estate development and speculation to the city during the great
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville, Florida -- Part 1 -- an introduction and "The Flying Ace" (1926)
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2716:"5 Points Theater - Riverside, Jacksonville, Florida - Vintage Movie Theaters on Waymarking.com"
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with PSE&G paying for the startup costs for the manufacturing facility. Westinghouse named
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to the area. These factors hastened the demise of Jacksonville as a place for film production.
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Keeping the Faith: Race, Politics, and Social Development in Jacksonville, Florida, 1940–1970.
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was elected mayor on the platform of taming the city's movie industry. By that time, southern
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rebels used Jacksonville as the center for smuggling illegal arms and supplies to the island.
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Florida Times-Union, February 4, 2008, "The story of a white man who joined the '60s sit-ins"
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began on August 13, 1960 when students asked to be served at the segregated lunch counter at
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville Florida -- Part 5 -- The Life and Career of Richard Norman
2485:"Lights, Camera, Jacksonville! A Brief History of Film Production in Jacksonville, Florida"
577:. A large number of British colonists who were "energetic and of good character" moved to
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were brought across the river there. The British divided Florida into the two colonies of
444:, Protestants suffering religious persecution in France. Ribault explored the mouth of the
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722:, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle leaving Florida and aiding the
408:. They had a complex society, well-adapted to the environmental conditions of the area.
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The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the
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2339:"Want to watch some of the old silent films shot in Jacksonville? Here are 20 of them"
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maintained a blockade around Florida's ports, including Jacksonville. In October 1862
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and the British named the "Cow Ford", both names ostensibly reflecting the fact that
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2080:"Civil War Navy Sesquicentennial: Sinking of the Union transport steamer Maple Leaf"
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville, Florida Part 6: Oliver Hardy's Jacksonville Roots
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from 1911 (a former department store that is now Jacksonville's City Hall) and the
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in 1763. The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville Florida Part 3 The Thanhouser Studio in Florida
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597:. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now
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U.S. Marines train by air in a downtown drill. In the foreground is the former
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December 1942 saw the addition of a third naval installation to Jacksonville:
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The British gave control of the territory back to Spain in 1783. Americans of
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By the Noble Daring of Her Sons: The Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee
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A History of Florida By Caroline Mays Brevard, Henry Eastman Bennett page 77
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Jacksonville's prominence as a winter resort was dealt another blow by major
50:. The city is a thriving metropolis with over a million citizens. Due to its
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1893 bird's eye view of Jacksonville, with steamboats moving throughout the
2412:""Lights, Camera, Action!" The Role of Jacksonville in the Silent Film Era"
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Crackers and Carpetbaggers: Moments in the History of Jacksonville, Florida
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Men of Valor: A History of Firefighting in Jacksonville, Florida 1886-1986
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945:, were recently restored and converted into office space by local charity
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville Florida Part 2 - Mr Gill in Jacksonville
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1669:"Historical Background Part I: French Colonization in Florida, 1562-1565"
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in the spring of 1917 before relocating to Los Angeles in October 1917.
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and the first feature-length color movie produced in the United States,
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from the newly-created United States if they accepted Catholic baptism.
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Nicholas. The fort was located on the east side of the St. Johns, where
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35 miles to the south, with the express mission to displace the French.
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1976:. Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park Citizens Support Organization
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and explorers from this period. In February 1562, French naval officer
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explorers landed in Florida and claimed their discovery for Spain (see
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2363:"The Florida Times-Union Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts"
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though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of
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and 150 settlers arrived seeking land for a safe haven for the French
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A History of Florida By Caroline Mays Brevard, Henry Eastman Bennett
1613:"The Spanish Claim to Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas, 1513-1821"
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2269:"Lights, Camera, Action! Jacksonville was America's first Hollywood"
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542:. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the
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Early Filmmaking in Jacksonville Florida -- Part 4: Eagle Film City
1416:. In September 2017, Jacksonville experienced record flooding from
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riot. After Parker stated that he was proud to be a member of the
875:, was one of the many gunrunners operating out of the city. Author
2702:"Florida History: Jacksonville's role in the silent film industry"
2388:"Florida History: Jacksonville's role in the silent film industry"
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2923:"Discrimination in all its forms must be axed - Jacksonville.com"
2460:"Jacksonville Was America's First Hollywood - Visit Jacksonville"
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https://www.jaxhistory.org/portfolio-items/silent-movies-capital/
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479:. He also forged friendly relations with their competitors, the
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evidence indicates 6,000 years of human habitation in the area.
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2293:"Norman Studios – Preserving Jacksonville's Silent Film Legacy"
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The Confederate dead were buried at Oaklawn Cemetery in nearby
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Florida Times-Union, February 22, 1998, "Focus on: Nat Glover"
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Offshore Power Systems (OPS) was a 1970 joint venture between
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1924:. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press. p. 19.
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became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous of the
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now stands. The fort was abandoned in the late 17th century.
2314:"LibGuides: History of Jacksonville, FL: Silent Film in Jax"
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Fort Lee, New Jersey#America's first motion picture industry
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Since 1940, Jacksonville has also been a major port for the
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Map: Jacksonville. And Vicinity Duval County, Florida. 1913
1815:"City had humble beginnings on the banks of the St. Johns"
660:. It first appears on a petition sent on June 15, 1822 to
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tribe, who lived upriver to the south (around what is now
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Jacksonville has been largely spared from the impacts of
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began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of
2845:"Offshore Power Systems: Big Plants for a Big Customer"
2230:"Jacksonville and the Movie Industry Historical Marker"
1358:, Judge John Santora sentenced him to 90 days in jail.
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the government of Jacksonville with the government of
925:" of architecture then being popularized by architect
432:). The first Europeans to visit the area were Spanish
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Motion picture scene at Gaumont Studios, circa 1910s.
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Laudonnière made an alliance with the local tribe of
2015:. Florida Public Archaeology Network. Archived from
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Bibliography of the history of Jacksonville, Florida
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Jacksonville's Main Street and boulevard, circa 1903
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Page 136, National Research Council Committee, 1980
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https://thecoastal.com/featured/jax-cinematic-past/
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https://thecoastal.com/featured/jax-cinematic-past/
1446:. The move was carried out on October 1, 1968, and
822:was held in Jacksonville and attended by President
456:. Ribault returned to France for supplies, but the
448:before moving north and establishing the colony of
1311:Because of its high visibility and patronage, the
2908:"Ax Handle Saturday: Jacksonville's Ugliest Hour"
2098:"This Day in the American Civil War for April 16"
1671:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1315:and surrounding stores were the site of numerous
1262:, who constructed nuclear generating plants, and
1391:'s drum set had to be nailed down to the stage.
1213:'s nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (
2644:
2642:
2623:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2023-12-19).
2600:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2023-07-12).
2577:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2023-01-28).
2554:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2022-10-24).
2531:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2022-08-06).
2508:Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum (2022-04-12).
2436:"The History of Film and Television in Florida"
3110:Photographic exhibit on the Great Fire of 1901
3136:
3112:; presented by the State Archives of Florida.
910:in Jacksonville and dispatched several state
734:forces captured a Confederate battery in the
344:
8:
2863:"Floating nuclear plants may become reality"
2742:. jacksonville.com (The Florida Times-Union)
2065:The Civil War in Florida: A Military History
1533:History of African Americans in Jacksonville
1184:which now offers civil aeronautics classes.
879:travelled to Jacksonville to cover the war.
31:, began to grow in the late 18th century as
1945:Wynne, Lewis N.; Taylor, Robert A. (2001).
1037:In 1917, the first motion picture made in
969:, the motion picture industry was based in
703:Military prison in Jacksonville during the
683:of the United States. U.S. settlers led by
3143:
3129:
3121:
1407:announced the mandatory evacuation of the
1047:, was filmed on location in Jacksonville.
351:
337:
68:
2895:“ALEXANDER P. 'ZEKE' ZECHELLA: 1920-2009”
1523:List of people from Jacksonville, Florida
3064:Remembering Jacksonville: By the Wayside
2983:"St. Augustine Civil Rights 1960 -1965"
2857:
2855:
2853:
1995:"Battle of Olustee - The Battle Itself"
1862:The Land Policy in British East Florida
1635:"European Exploration and Colonization"
1567:
1387:". The winds were blowing so hard that
1280:Public Service Electric and Gas Company
799:and afterward, Jacksonville and nearby
726:cause. Throughout most of the war, the
71:
2839:
2837:
2835:
1968:
1966:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1481:began the "quiet revolution" with the
679:of the Florida Territory and eventual
667:, asking that Jacksonville be named a
526:France and Spain were defeated by the
1761:Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage
1732:
1730:
1289:OPS obtained 850+ acres (3.4 km2) on
1264:Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock
1085:starring black actors in the vein of
941:from 1910. The Klutho Apartments, in
420:Fort Caroline shown in an old etching
7:
2897:Florida Times-Union, August 18, 2009
1383:by the British rock-and-roll band, "
1073:In 1920, Richard Norman, founder of
573:'s natural wealth were published in
3392:
3116:The Jacksonville Historical Society
1584:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 48–49.
1319:demonstrations in the 1960s. Black
871:sheriff and future state governor,
3067:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 37.
2865:Boca Raton News, November 15, 1981
1201:Jacksonville is also not far from
965:In the early 20th century, before
25:
2953:"Civil rights - Jacksonville.com"
2175:. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A
2121:"The Jacksonville Mutiny of 1865"
1895:"Jacksonville Historical Society"
1740:. Jacksonville Historical Society
1528:Timeline of Jacksonville, Florida
1491:Local Government Study Commission
1075:Norman Film Manufacturing Company
3419:History of Jacksonville, Florida
3391:
3380:
3379:
3365:
3152:
1507:
1286:to be president of OPS in 1972.
1221:necessitating the opening of an
811:and (beginning in the 1880s) by
412:Colonial and territorial history
320:
79:
1788:Beach, William Wallace (1877).
1266:, who had recently merged with
1209:, which is home to part of the
1054:In 1917, conservative Democrat
3170:Jacksonville metropolitan area
3089:"Chamber remembers Lex Hester"
2781:Brumley, Jeff (27 July 2007).
2650:"Film History in Jacksonville"
2267:Hamilton, Bruce (2022-05-05).
2167:Waymer, Jim (March 15, 2020).
1920:Sheppard, Jonathan C. (2012).
1203:Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay
1159:Naval Air Station Jacksonville
503:had established the colony of
41:Florida Land Bust of the 1920s
1:
3093:Jacksonville Business Journal
3061:Fletcher, Dorothy K. (2010).
1813:Wells, Judy (March 2, 2000).
1713:"Sacrifice of the first-born"
1637:. Florida Department of State
1260:Westinghouse Electric Company
1248:Floating nuclear power plants
1030:In 1915, Joseph Engel opened
713:3rd Florida Infantry Regiment
621:and county-based government.
454:Parris Island, South Carolina
2847:Atomic Insights, August 1996
2783:"Fond farewell for Big John"
2125:Florida Historical Quarterly
2084:civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com
644:. The Spanish also accepted
462:René Goulaine de Laudonnière
388:, a coastal subgroup of the
2078:Seaman Rob (6 April 2014).
1974:"Battle of Olustee History"
1765:University Press of Florida
1715:. National Portrait Gallery
1295:Jacksonville Port Authority
1107:Map of Jacksonville in 1920
1010:Lubin Manufacturing Company
832:Florida East Coast Railroad
3435:
2673:H & W.B. Drew Company
2367:subscribe.jacksonville.com
2196:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
1542:
1430:Jacksonville Consolidation
1427:
1304:
1251:
1232:
1133:(portions of which became
900:Southeastern United States
891:
873:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward
468:atop the St. Johns Bluff.
164:American Revolutionary War
3374:
3363:
3208:Colleges and universities
3188:
3165:
2169:"Virus shakes up society"
1182:Florida Community College
976:In 1908, New York-based
863:, gunrunners helping the
736:Battle of St. Johns Bluff
216:Constitutional convention
3180:United States of America
2875:"Urban waterfront lands"
2812:Cowart, John W. (2008).
1947:Florida In The Civil War
1794:. J. Munsel. p. 125
1351:Florida State University
671:. The city is named for
521:Bishop Kenny High School
501:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
173:Spanish Rule, 1783–1821:
56:contiguous United States
52:consolidated city-county
2343:The Florida Times-Union
2102:civilwarinteractive.com
2063:Schmidt, Lewis (1995).
1819:The Florida Times-Union
1615:. National Park Service
1344:Sheriff of Jacksonville
1242:Hotel George Washington
953:Motion picture industry
756:US Transport Maple Leaf
662:U.S. Secretary of State
458:French Wars of Religion
195:U.S. Territorial Period
138:Pre-history, until 1497
18:History of Jacksonville
2040:A Brave Black Regiment
1949:. Arcadia Publishing.
1376:St. Augustine, Florida
1254:Offshore Power Systems
1154:
1108:
1083:African American films
962:
838:Yellow fever epidemics
820:Subtropical Exposition
807:. Visitors arrived by
788:
708:
421:
404:near the mouth of the
242:Ordinance of Secession
66:
3048:Weathersbee, Tonyaa:
3000:Alliniece T. Andino.
2740:"Five Points Theatre"
2119:Fannin, J.F. (2010).
2038:Emilo, Luis. (1995).
2013:"Olustee Battlefield"
1791:The Indian Miscellany
1693:. Library of Congress
1452:mayor of Jacksonville
1270:, to create floating
1223:international airport
1189:Naval Station Mayport
1148:
1106:
1092:The Birth of a Nation
994:King Bee Film Company
960:
783:
702:
689:Isaiah D. Hart Bridge
581:, mostly coming from
567:French and Indian War
532:French and Indian War
516:Dominique de Gourgues
419:
302:Presidential Election
89:reflects the state's
64:
29:Jacksonville, Florida
3159:City of Jacksonville
2893:Kerr, Jessie-Lynne:
2763:. www.5pointsjax.com
2635:– via YouTube.
2612:– via YouTube.
2589:– via YouTube.
2566:– via YouTube.
2543:– via YouTube.
2520:– via YouTube.
2483:admin (2023-08-02).
1759:Wood, Wayne (1992).
1489:was chairman of the
1409:Jacksonville Beaches
1329:Morrison's Cafeteria
1276:Port of Jacksonville
1272:nuclear power plants
1235:Hotel Roosevelt fire
1229:Hotel Roosevelt fire
1178:Cuban Missile Crisis
1099:"Gateway to Florida"
906:declared a state of
861:Spanish–American War
855:Spanish–American War
691:over the St. Johns.
560:British West Florida
556:British East Florida
2386:Williams, Cynthia.
1999:battleofolustee.org
1374:made landfall near
904:William S. Jennings
630:Scots-Irish descent
210:Second Seminole War
3035:2017-07-01 at the
2987:drbronsontours.com
2818:. Bluefish Books.
2761:"5 Points Theater"
2720:www.waymarking.com
2464:Visit Jacksonville
2156:John Wilson Cowart
1825:on October 9, 2012
1461:Jacksonville Beach
1381:Gator Bowl Stadium
1307:Ax Handle Saturday
1301:Ax Handle Saturday
1207:St. Marys, Georgia
1155:
1129:Completion of the
1109:
998:Vim Comedy Company
992:, Majestic Films,
963:
935:St. James Building
927:Frank Lloyd Wright
894:Great Fire of 1901
888:Great Fire of 1901
789:
720:American Civil War
709:
705:American Civil War
536:the United Kingdom
422:
402:Fort George Island
327:Florida portal
234:Third Seminole War
185:First Seminole War
73:History of Florida
67:
48:United States Navy
37:Great Fire of 1901
3406:
3405:
3074:978-1-61423-138-7
3029:Pemberton, John:
2951:The Times-Union.
2921:The Times-Union.
2910:. 27 August 2019.
2793:on 5 October 2008
2067:. self-published.
2042:. Da Capo Press.
2019:on March 14, 2014
1883:978-0-8130-3028-9
1550:Bartley, Abel A.
1172:was designated a
1120:Riverside Theater
1113:Florida land boom
1079:European American
1034:in Jacksonville.
919:Henry John Klutho
776:Winter resort era
741:Battle of Olustee
677:military governor
665:John Quincy Adams
654:Florida Territory
628:and Americans of
361:
360:
308:COVID-19 pandemic
202:Capitol moved to
16:(Redirected from
3426:
3395:
3394:
3383:
3382:
3369:
3175:State of Florida
3157:
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3040:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3008:. Archived from
3006:jacksonville.com
2997:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2959:. Archived from
2957:jacksonville.com
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2929:. Archived from
2927:jacksonville.com
2918:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2872:
2866:
2861:Putnam, Walter:
2859:
2848:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2789:. Archived from
2778:
2772:
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2757:
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2750:
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2730:
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2312:Grey, Jennifer.
2309:
2303:
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2182:
2180:
2164:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:. Archived from
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
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2009:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1961:
1960:
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1936:
1935:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1897:. Archived from
1891:
1885:
1875:
1869:
1866:Charles L. Mowat
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1821:. Archived from
1810:
1804:
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1801:
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1779:
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1756:
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1600:
1598:
1576:Milanich, Jerald
1572:
1554:(2000). 177 pp.
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1124:talking pictures
1044:The Gulf Between
947:Fresh Ministries
917:Young architect
824:Grover Cleveland
642:Florida Crackers
607:St. Johns County
394:Native Americans
353:
346:
339:
325:
324:
323:
290:6th Constitution
272:5th Constitution
266:4th Constitution
254:3rd Constitution
83:
69:
21:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3425:
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3408:
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3370:
3361:
3250:Fire and Rescue
3184:
3161:
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3149:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3037:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3015:
3013:
2999:
2998:
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2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2787:The Times-Union
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2507:
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2493:
2491:
2489:Easy Edit Video
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2440:Film In Florida
2434:
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2429:
2420:
2418:
2410:
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2396:
2394:
2385:
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2356:
2347:
2345:
2337:Soergel, Matt.
2336:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2320:
2318:guides.fscj.edu
2311:
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2208:10.2307/2932875
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2057:
2050:
2037:
2036:
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2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1919:
1918:
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1904:
1902:
1901:on 25 June 2012
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1797:
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1743:
1741:
1738:"Fort Caroline"
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1506:
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1483:Yates Manifesto
1432:
1426:
1397:Hurricane Floyd
1364:
1309:
1303:
1256:
1250:
1237:
1231:
1195:John F. Kennedy
1174:Master Jet Base
1151:Hotel Roosevelt
1143:
1101:
1006:Gaumont Studios
955:
896:
890:
885:
857:
840:
786:St. Johns River
778:
773:
697:
646:fugitive slaves
626:English descent
452:on what is now
446:St. Johns River
430:Spanish Florida
414:
406:St. Johns River
371:
369:Ancient history
366:
357:
321:
319:
314:
313:
278:Great Migration
228:, 1845–present:
132:
122:
121:
104:
94:
91:Native American
87:seal of Florida
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3404:
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3360:
3359:
3357:Transportation
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3105:
3104:External links
3102:
3099:
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2392:The News-Press
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2202:(4): 357–368.
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2108:on 2014-07-24.
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1767:. p. 22.
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1560:
1559:
1558:
1556:online edition
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
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1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:Florida portal
1502:
1499:
1465:Atlantic Beach
1428:Main article:
1425:
1422:
1418:Hurricane Irma
1414:North Carolina
1372:Hurricane Dora
1363:
1360:
1305:Main article:
1302:
1299:
1252:Main article:
1249:
1246:
1233:Main article:
1230:
1227:
1142:
1139:
1100:
1097:
1087:Oscar Micheaux
1056:John W. Martin
1032:Metro Pictures
1002:Norman Studios
990:Edison Studios
982:Metro Pictures
954:
951:
939:Morocco Temple
892:Main article:
889:
886:
884:
881:
856:
853:
847:imposition of
839:
836:
797:Reconstruction
791:Following the
777:
774:
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771:Post Civil War
769:
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685:Isaiah D. Hart
673:Andrew Jackson
658:Andrew Jackson
638:South Carolina
583:South Carolina
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382:Savannah River
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1064:William Selig
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874:
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801:St. Augustine
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616:
615:trial-by-jury
612:
611:Nassau County
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548:Wacca Pilatka
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505:St. Augustine
502:
498:
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475:Indians, the
474:
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466:Fort Caroline
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3269:
3238:Laura Street
3228:Demographics
3193:Architecture
3092:
3083:
3063:
3056:
3044:
3025:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:the original
3005:
2995:
2986:
2981:Gil Wilson.
2976:
2965:. Retrieved
2961:the original
2956:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:the original
2926:
2916:
2902:
2889:
2870:
2843:Adams, Rod:
2814:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2791:the original
2786:
2776:
2765:. Retrieved
2755:
2744:. Retrieved
2734:
2723:. Retrieved
2719:
2710:
2696:
2682:
2669:
2658:
2630:. Retrieved
2625:
2618:
2607:. Retrieved
2602:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2579:
2572:
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2549:
2538:. Retrieved
2533:
2526:
2515:. Retrieved
2510:
2503:
2492:. Retrieved
2488:
2478:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:
2406:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2381:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:
2332:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2296:. Retrieved
2287:
2276:. Retrieved
2272:
2262:
2238:
2224:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2150:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2131:(3): 368–370
2128:
2124:
2114:
2106:the original
2101:
2092:
2083:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2039:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2007:
1998:
1989:
1978:. Retrieved
1946:
1940:
1921:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1889:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1818:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1790:
1783:
1760:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1717:. Retrieved
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1551:
1539:Bibliography
1490:
1487:J. J. Daniel
1482:
1479:Claude Yates
1477:
1448:Hans Tanzler
1444:Duval County
1436:urban sprawl
1433:
1405:John Delaney
1393:
1365:
1348:
1338:
1334:Ku Klux Klan
1317:civil rights
1313:Hemming Park
1310:
1288:
1257:
1238:
1219:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1167:
1156:
1128:
1117:
1110:
1090:
1072:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1025:Jacksonville
1018:
1014:
975:
964:
916:
897:
883:20th century
869:Duval County
858:
844:yellow fever
841:
790:
766:
753:
745:
717:
710:
650:
623:
603:Baker County
599:Duval County
564:
547:
525:
513:
509:
470:
438:Jean Ribault
434:missionaries
423:
372:
295:
224:
223:
197:, 1822–1845:
193:
192:
172:
171:
158:, 1763–1783:
156:British Rule
154:
153:
146:Spanish Rule
144:
143:
137:
136:
45:
32:
27:The city of
26:
3397:WikiProject
3342:Skyscrapers
2797:18 February
1581:The Timucua
1440:consolidate
1401:the Bahamas
1389:Ringo Starr
1385:The Beatles
1163:Blue Angels
1039:Technicolor
943:Springfield
908:martial law
859:During the
849:quarantines
724:Confederate
718:During the
489:Lake George
450:Charlesfort
392:indigenous
286:, 1925–1929
280:, 1910–1930
262:, 1865–1868
250:, 1861–1865
236:, 1855–1858
212:, 1835–1842
204:Tallahassee
187:, 1817–1818
181:, 1811–1814
179:War of 1812
166:, 1775–1783
148:, 1513–1763
3265:Government
3016:2009-10-08
2967:2009-10-08
2937:2009-10-08
2767:2010-01-02
2746:2010-01-01
2725:2024-07-26
2632:2024-07-26
2609:2024-07-26
2586:2024-07-26
2563:2024-07-26
2540:2024-07-26
2517:2024-07-26
2494:2024-07-26
2469:2024-07-26
2445:2024-07-26
2421:2024-07-26
2397:2024-07-26
2372:2024-07-26
2348:2024-07-26
2323:2024-07-26
2298:2024-07-26
2278:2024-07-26
2135:8 December
1980:2013-01-20
1562:References
1543:See also:
1495:Lex Hester
1450:, elected
1368:hurricanes
1362:Hurricanes
1340:Nat Glover
1325:Woolworths
1060:California
1015:In 1914,
805:Gilded Age
364:Early days
3282:Libraries
3260:Geography
3245:Festivals
3213:Companies
2179:March 15,
2023:March 13,
1597:August 3,
1293:from the
1217:) fleet.
1193:USS
967:Hollywood
809:steamboat
795:, during
793:Civil War
749:Lake City
695:Civil War
681:President
442:Huguenots
424:In 1513,
284:Land Boom
248:Civil War
226:Statehood
3413:Category
3385:Category
3337:Religion
3275:Timeline
3033:Archived
1798:July 12,
1744:July 28,
1719:July 28,
1697:July 28,
1675:July 28,
1641:July 28,
1619:July 28,
1578:(1999).
1501:See also
1170:Cold War
1008:and the
813:railroad
761:3rd USCT
544:Seminole
497:mutinies
495:, three
487:and the
477:Saturiwa
398:Saturiwa
130:Timeline
117:Politics
113:Counties
33:Cow Ford
3352:Tourism
3332:Schools
3302:Museums
3270:History
3233:Economy
3223:Culture
3218:Council
3203:Climate
3198:Beaches
2416:SGR Law
2216:2932875
1905:18 June
1829:July 2,
1473:Baldwin
1399:struck
1321:Sit-ins
1274:at the
1268:Tenneco
1211:US Navy
1141:US Navy
1017:Oliver
984:(later
931:Chicago
912:militia
728:US Navy
634:Georgia
595:Bermuda
591:England
587:Georgia
579:Florida
575:England
571:Florida
546:called
540:Georgia
530:in the
528:British
485:Palatka
473:Timucua
426:Spanish
390:Timucua
378:Pottery
93:history
3347:Sports
3322:People
3317:Police
3071:
2880:
2822:
2214:
2046:
1953:
1928:
1881:
1771:
1588:
1471:, and
1457:Alaska
1135:U.S. 1
1019:"Babe"
552:cattle
493:famine
386:Mocama
304:, 2000
292:, 1968
274:, 1885
268:, 1868
256:, 1865
244:, 1861
218:, 1838
206:, 1824
109:Cities
102:Topics
39:, the
3312:Parks
3297:Music
3292:Media
3287:Mayor
2212:JSTOR
1356:NAACP
1021:Hardy
865:Cuban
732:Union
481:Utina
3327:Port
3255:Flag
3069:ISBN
2878:ISBN
2820:ISBN
2799:2024
2273:WJXT
2181:2020
2137:2022
2044:ISBN
2025:2014
1951:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1907:2012
1879:ISBN
1868:1940
1831:2011
1800:2011
1769:ISBN
1746:2023
1721:2023
1699:2023
1677:2023
1643:2023
1621:2023
1599:2010
1586:ISBN
1485:and
1215:SSBN
1118:The
1077:, a
1066:and
817:1888
754:The
636:and
609:and
589:and
558:and
85:The
2204:doi
1864:by
1205:in
988:),
986:MGM
929:in
3415::
3091:.
3004:.
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2955:.
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2718:.
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2242:*
2210:.
2200:19
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2129:88
2127:.
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2100:.
2082:.
1997:.
1965:^
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1729:^
1651:^
1493:.
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1420:.
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1126:.
1012:.
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300:,
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338:v
20:)
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