73:
311:
65:
85:
93:
17:
318:
North
Ossetian SSR finally became the first autonomous republic of the RSFSR to declare national sovereignty, on June 20, 1990 (although it still remains firmly part of Russia). In 1991, North Ossetian SSR was renamed the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.
338:, and much of the population fled across the border to North Ossetia or Georgia proper. Some 70,000 South Ossetian refugees were resettled in North Ossetia, sparking clashes with the predominantly Ingush population in the
190:
eventually pushed Alania/Ossetia into an alliance with Russia in the 18th century. North
Ossetia was among the first areas of the northern Caucasus to come under Russian domination, starting in 1774, and the capital,
219:, but their new connections with Russia and the West helped to boost local culture; the first books in the Ossetian language were printed in the late 18th century. In 1830, a military campaign led by General
349:
As well as dealing with the effects of the conflict in South
Ossetia, North Ossetia has had to deal with refugees and the occasional spillover of fighting from the war in neighboring
1040:
298:. Although they were eventually allowed to return from the exile, they were generally not allowed to settle in the original territories. Instead, in 1957, three districts of
244:
461:
339:
361:
seized control of a school. In the firefight between the terrorists and
Russian forces that ended the crisis, 335 civilians, the majority of them children, died.
1433:
248:
104:
The territory of North
Ossetia has been inhabited for thousands of years, being both a very fertile agricultural region and a key trade route through the
1033:
949:
302:
were granted to
Chechen-Ingush ASSR. A local law passed in 1982 actually prohibited ethnic Ingush from obtaining residency permits in North Ossetia.
939:
995:
263:
223:
brought North
Ossetia under tighter control of the Russian Empire. The area became part of the Terskaya Region of Russia in the mid-19th century.
76:
Map of territory of modern North
Ossetia – Alania within medieval Alania (9th-12th century), according to claims on non-official sources linking
454:
207:
led to the rapid development of the region, with industries founded and road and rail connections built to overcome
Ossetia's isolation. The
1026:
934:
1168:
944:
808:
116:. Part of the Alan people eventually settled in the Caucasus around the 7th century AD. By about the 9th century, the kingdom of
326:
posed particular problems for the
Ossetian people, which were divided between North Ossetia, which was part of the Russian SFSR, and
1098:
595:
447:
427:
125:
211:, which is still a crucial transport link across the mountains, was built in 1799 and a railway line was built from Vladikavkaz to
823:
783:
240:
838:
803:
132:
725:
1412:
1305:
1118:
843:
793:
748:
605:
530:
515:
495:
1371:
1143:
987:
818:
665:
545:
72:
972:
926:
916:
896:
720:
705:
695:
570:
500:
1386:
1338:
1230:
1225:
886:
715:
700:
660:
645:
600:
590:
555:
540:
505:
474:
335:
232:
35:
906:
891:
710:
655:
580:
575:
525:
520:
510:
401:
615:
266:
explaining this by anti-Sovietism, separatism and collaboration with Nazi Germany. In particular, this affected
195:, was the first Russian military outpost in the region. By 1806, Ossetia was completely under Russian control.
30:
1343:
1190:
959:
911:
881:
753:
690:
670:
640:
585:
560:
535:
375:
343:
236:
650:
635:
1348:
1310:
675:
630:
625:
620:
565:
550:
334:. In December 1990 the Supreme Soviet of Georgia abolished the autonomous Ossetian enclave amid the rising
1290:
901:
685:
680:
610:
490:
208:
1260:
1220:
1200:
1180:
1083:
977:
876:
788:
354:
1376:
1195:
848:
813:
768:
162:
onwards, Alania was beset by external enemies and suffered repeated invasions. The invasions of the
1396:
1381:
1366:
1328:
1275:
1270:
1245:
1103:
858:
833:
798:
778:
763:
758:
735:
287:
279:
43:
1300:
1250:
1210:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1108:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
828:
370:
136:
105:
1391:
1333:
1295:
1285:
1265:
1255:
1240:
1235:
1215:
1185:
1153:
1138:
1113:
1049:
967:
773:
743:
482:
470:
423:
183:
113:
1280:
1205:
1175:
868:
853:
310:
204:
64:
1018:
147:). Alania became a powerful state in the Caucasus, profiting greatly from the legendary
439:
358:
299:
271:
187:
1427:
413:
327:
291:
220:
216:
212:
140:
84:
331:
323:
295:
256:
252:
144:
128:
121:
417:
259:; the Germans attempted to seize Vladikavkaz in November 1942 but were repulsed.
283:
192:
159:
131:. An archbishopric was established in western Alania under the authority of the
215:
in Russia proper. The Ossetians' traditional culture inevitably underwent some
16:
92:
397:
171:
148:
97:
77:
350:
47:
1007:
275:
267:
163:
255:, North Ossetia saw the high-water mark of the invasion of Russia by
179:
167:
117:
96:
Ossetian tribes, according to claims on non-official sources linking
59:
39:
21:
170:
in the 13th century decimated the population, who were now known as
108:. The ancestors of the present inhabitants were a people called the
175:
152:
109:
91:
83:
71:
63:
24:, as photographed after its reconstruction and remodeling in 1897.
1022:
443:
393:
391:
68:
Map of territory of medieval Alania (9th–12th centuries)
353:. The bloodiest incident by far was the September 2004
1405:
1357:
1319:
1056:
986:
958:
925:
867:
734:
481:
290:, but it was granted to North Ossetia in following
245:
North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
419:The Ossetes: Modern-Day Scythians of the Caucasus
235:, North Ossetia became part of the short-lived
182:, a Muslim Caucasian people. Incursions by the
178:was introduced in the 17th century through the
294:'s deportation of the Chechens and Ingush to
1034:
455:
8:
135:, and many large churches were constructed (
88:Political map of the Caucasus region in 1060
249:Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
1041:
1027:
1019:
462:
448:
440:
262:During and after the war Stalin undertook
264:massive deportations of whole ethnicities
309:
112:, a warlike nomadic people who spoke an
15:
387:
422:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 82–83.
243:on July 7, 1924 and was then made the
155:, which passed through its territory.
1050:History of current European countries
1006:Recognized by most states as part of
120:had arisen and had been converted to
7:
314:Map of modern North Ossetia–Alania
31:Republic of North Ossetia – Alania
14:
357:, in which Muslim separatists of
20:A 10th-century Alanian church in
241:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
1434:History of North Ossetia–Alania
278:. As of 1944, the part of the
133:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1:
336:ethnic tensions in the region
227:Russian Revolution and USSR
80:historian Ruslan S. Bzarov.
1450:
251:, on December 5, 1936. In
57:
1004:
839:North Ossetia-Alania
402:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
282:on the right bank of the
376:History of South Ossetia
344:Ossetian-Ingush conflict
237:Soviet Mountain Republic
322:The dissolution of the
239:in 1921. It became the
100:historian B. A. Kaloev.
1099:Bosnia and Herzegovina
315:
209:Georgian Military Road
101:
89:
81:
69:
25:
355:Beslan hostage crisis
313:
95:
87:
75:
67:
19:
596:Nizhny Novgorod
1320:States with limited
973:St. Petersburg
804:Karachay-Cherkessia
340:Prigorodny District
288:Chechen-Ingush ASSR
280:Prigorodny District
247:(ASSR), within the
988:Autonomous oblasts
794:Kabardino-Balkaria
371:History of Ossetia
316:
233:Russian Revolution
137:Zelenchuk churches
106:Caucasus Mountains
102:
90:
82:
70:
46:), located in the
26:
1421:
1420:
1016:
1015:
927:Autonomous okrugs
471:History of Russia
286:had been part of
184:Khanate of Crimea
1441:
1358:Dependencies and
1057:Sovereign states
1043:
1036:
1029:
1020:
464:
457:
450:
441:
434:
433:
410:
404:
395:
114:Iranian language
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1401:
1359:
1353:
1339:Northern Cyprus
1321:
1315:
1231:North Macedonia
1052:
1047:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1000:
982:
954:
921:
863:
730:
477:
475:federal subject
468:
438:
437:
430:
412:
411:
407:
396:
389:
384:
367:
308:
229:
205:Imperial Russia
203:The arrival of
201:
199:Imperial Russia
62:
56:
36:federal subject
12:
11:
5:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1413:European Union
1409:
1407:
1406:Other entities
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1360:other entities
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:United Kingdom
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:Czech Republic
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
992:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
960:Federal cities
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
931:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
873:
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
740:
738:
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
487:
485:
479:
478:
469:
467:
466:
459:
452:
444:
436:
435:
428:
414:Foltz, Richard
405:
386:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
373:
366:
363:
359:Shamil Basayev
342:. That led to
330:, part of the
307:
306:After the USSR
304:
300:Stavropol Krai
228:
225:
200:
197:
188:Ottoman Empire
58:Main article:
55:
52:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1446:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Faroe Islands
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:South Ossetia
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Liechtenstein
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
991:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
951:
950:Yamalo-Nenets
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
930:
928:
924:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
870:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
754:Bashkortostan
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
737:
733:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
445:
442:
431:
429:9780755618453
425:
421:
420:
415:
409:
406:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
381:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:South Ossetia
325:
320:
312:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:Joseph Stalin
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
224:
222:
221:Ivan Abkhazov
218:
217:Russification
214:
213:Rostov-on-Don
210:
206:
198:
196:
194:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Shoana Church
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
99:
94:
86:
79:
74:
66:
61:
54:Early history
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:
23:
18:
1349:Transnistria
1311:Vatican City
940:Khanty-Mansi
829:Mari El
418:
408:
348:
332:Georgian SSR
324:Soviet Union
321:
317:
296:Central Asia
261:
257:Nazi Germany
253:World War II
230:
202:
157:
145:Senty Church
129:missionaries
122:Christianity
103:
29:
27:
1387:Isle of Man
1322:recognition
1291:Switzerland
1226:Netherlands
917:Zabaykalsky
897:Krasnoyarsk
606:Novosibirsk
531:Kaliningrad
516:Chelyabinsk
496:Arkhangelsk
284:Terek River
193:Vladikavkaz
160:Middle Ages
1261:San Marino
1221:Montenegro
1201:Luxembourg
1181:Kazakhstan
1084:Azerbaijan
978:Sevastopol
887:Khabarovsk
789:Ingushetia
726:Zaporozhye
666:Sverdlovsk
382:References
231:After the
180:Kabardians
1377:Gibraltar
1196:Lithuania
912:Stavropol
907:Primorsky
892:Krasnodar
882:Kamchatka
849:Tatarstan
814:Khakassia
769:Chuvashia
736:Republics
721:Yaroslavl
706:Volgograd
696:Ulyanovsk
571:Leningrad
501:Astrakhan
172:Ossetians
158:From the
149:Silk Road
126:Byzantine
1428:Category
1397:Svalbard
1382:Guernsey
1329:Abkhazia
1276:Slovenia
1271:Slovakia
1246:Portugal
1104:Bulgaria
935:Chukotka
859:Udmurtia
834:Mordovia
799:Kalmykia
779:Dagestan
764:Chechnya
759:Buryatia
716:Voronezh
701:Vladimir
661:Smolensk
646:Sakhalin
616:Orenburg
601:Novgorod
591:Murmansk
556:Kostroma
541:Kemerovo
506:Belgorod
416:(2022).
365:See also
351:Chechnya
272:Chechens
186:and the
98:Ossetian
78:Ossetian
50:region.
48:Caucasus
44:republic
1301:Ukraine
1251:Romania
1211:Moldova
1169:Ireland
1164:Iceland
1159:Hungary
1149:Germany
1144:Georgia
1134:Finland
1129:Estonia
1124:Denmark
1109:Croatia
1094:Belgium
1089:Belarus
1079:Austria
1074:Armenia
1069:Andorra
1064:Albania
1008:Ukraine
824:Luhansk
809:Karelia
784:Donetsk
711:Vologda
656:Saratov
581:Magadan
576:Lipetsk
546:Kherson
526:Ivanovo
521:Irkutsk
511:Bryansk
483:Oblasts
276:Ingushs
268:Balkars
164:Mongols
1392:Jersey
1334:Kosovo
1296:Turkey
1286:Sweden
1266:Serbia
1256:Russia
1241:Poland
1236:Norway
1216:Monaco
1186:Latvia
1154:Greece
1139:France
1114:Cyprus
996:Jewish
968:Moscow
945:Nenets
774:Crimea
744:Adygea
691:Tyumen
671:Tambov
651:Samara
641:Ryazan
636:Rostov
586:Moscow
561:Kurgan
536:Kaluga
426:
274:, and
168:Tatars
118:Alania
60:Alania
40:Russia
22:Arkhyz
1367:Åland
1281:Spain
1206:Malta
1176:Italy
877:Altai
869:Krais
844:Sakha
749:Altai
676:Tomsk
631:Pskov
626:Penza
621:Oryol
566:Kursk
551:Kirov
398:Аланы
176:Islam
153:China
110:Alans
34:is a
902:Perm
854:Tuva
819:Komi
686:Tver
681:Tula
611:Omsk
491:Amur
424:ISBN
166:and
28:The
473:by
151:to
124:by
42:(a
38:of
1430::
1010:.
400:,
390:^
346:.
270:,
174:.
143:,
139:,
1042:e
1035:t
1028:v
463:e
456:t
449:v
432:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
