386:
22:
202:
397:, completed in 1854, was a triumph of engineering in its time, the oldest of the great European mountain railways. It was remarkable for its numerous and long tunnels and viaducts spanning mountain valleys, running from Gloggnitz in Lower Austria to MĂĽrzzuschlag in Styria, and passing through the area's scenery. The railway brought tourists to alpine lake resorts and mineral springs at
533:
in 1620, he forbade all
Protestant church services whatsoever (1625). In 1628 he commanded the nobility also to return to the Catholic faith. A large number of noble families, consequently, emigrated from the country. But most of them either returned, or their descendants did so, becoming Catholics
68:
until the present. This mountainous and scenic region, which became a centre for mountaineering in the 19th century, is often called the "Green March", because half of the area is covered with forests and one quarter with meadows, grasslands, vineyards and orchards. Styria is also rich in minerals,
376:
invasions in the 16th and 17th centuries the land suffered severely and was depopulated. The Turks made incursions into Styria nearly twenty times; churches, monasteries, cities, and villages were destroyed and plundered, while the population was either killed or carried away into slavery.
385:
537:
In the second half of the 17th century renewed action against the
Protestants in the isolated mountain valleys resulted in the expulsion of Protestant ministers with the peasants who would not give up Protestantism; about 30,000 chose
511:
suppressed all
Protestant schools and expelled the teachers and preachers: Protestant doctrines were maintained only in a few isolated mountain valleys, as in the valley of the Inn and the valley of the Mur. On a narrow reading of the
596:
existed on
Styrian soil from 1786 but was incorporated into the diocese of Graz-Seckau in 1856 Today the see of the bishop of Graz-Seckau is identical in territory with the Austrian State of Styria.
91:
550:
as late as 1781 put an end to religious repression. The
Protestants then received the right to found parish communities and to exercise their religion in those enclaves undisturbed.
748:
584:
Valley was founded as a bishopric in 1228 and raised to a prince-bishopric in 1446. In 1847 the bishop's seat was transferred from St. Andrä to
Maribor, and after World War I the
284:(745-84), was largely instrumental in establishing a church hierarchy in the Duchy and gained for himself the name of "Apostle of Carantania." In 811 Charlemagne made the
758:
102:) is a famous wine-producing district, stretching between Slovenia and Austria. Styria was for long the most densely populated and productive mountain region in Europe.
753:
456:, no fighting resulted from this, in spite of a German minority in Slovenia (the larger cities of Lower Styria were largely German-speaking).
445:
522:, only the nobility were not forced to return to the Roman Church; each could have Protestant services privately in his own house.
573:
508:
557:
received complete liberty of religion and of conscience, parity of religions, and the right to the public exercise of religion.
685:
648:
675:"The World Heritage Documentation for the Nomination of Semmering Railway – cultural site Semmeringbahn (Kulturlandschaft)"
638:"The World Heritage Documentation for the Nomination of Semmering Railway – cultural site Semmeringbahn (Kulturlandschaft)"
237:, various Germanic tribes settled and/or traversed the region using the river valleys and low passes, but about 600 CE the
547:
743:
569:
177:
65:
518:
349:
With the death of
Ottokar the first line of rulers of Styria became extinct; the region fell successively to the
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173:
565:
468:
429:
414:
273:
492:
281:
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After
Ferdinand had become Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and had defeated his Protestant opponents in the
241:
took possession of the area and settled assimilating the remaining autochthonous romanized population.
339:
539:
496:
418:
257:
206:
181:
188:, which is now also the residence of the governor and the seat of the administration of the land.
504:
362:
323:
315:
709:
398:
334:
in Upper
Austria thus giving the land its name: "Steiermark". This march was raised to become a
588:
boundaries were adapted to the new political frontiers. A short-lived third
Salzburg suffragan
589:
554:
513:
453:
394:
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253:
234:
169:
157:
126:
369:, who provided it with Habsburgs for Styrian dukes during the years 1379-1439 and 1564–1619.
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402:
358:
82:
311:
305:
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95:
26:
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577:
495:(ruling 1564–90), whose wife was the Catholic Duchess Maria of Bavaria, introduced the
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343:
737:
674:
637:
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561:
265:
134:
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was established in 1218; since 1786 the see of the prince-bishop has been Graz. The
564:, Seckau and Lavant. From the time of their foundation both were suffragans of the
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464:
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214:
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74:
21:
49:
488:
425:
245:
201:
138:
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472:
406:
249:
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460:
366:
350:
142:
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Ecclesiastically the province was historically divided into two Catholic
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130:
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46:
500:
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184:. The capital both of the duchy and the Austrian state has always been
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118:
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70:
57:
38:
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Steiermark from 1942 to 1945, whence it was annexed by Germany. After
361:; after their extinction to the control of Hungary (1254–60); to King
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42:
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Historical view of the border between Styria and Carinthia, 1830
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over conversion. Only an Edict of Toleration issued by Emperor
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was 68% German-speaking, 32% Slovene, bordered on (clockwise)
37:
concerns the region roughly corresponding to the modern
592:
comprising 157 parishes in the districts of Leoben and
205:
Coat of arms of the Dukes of Styria, crowned with the
326:
it was soon ruled by a margravial dynasty called the
475:and today, it makes up about the eastern third of
318:in the late 10th century as a defence against the
141:the southern, Slovene-speaking third south of the
503:into Styria and in 1586 he founded the Catholic
448:, while the rest remained with Austria as the
749:1180s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
256:), erected as a border territory against the
8:
69:soft coal and iron, which has been mined at
491:made its way into the country about 1530.
180:Statistical Regions and the major part of
499:into the country; in 1573 he invited the
172:region in Slovenia, now divided into the
759:History of Slovenia by historical region
200:
20:
617:
260:and Slavs, there was a large influx of
244:When Styria came under the hegemony of
268:Germanic peoples, whom the bishops of
153:. The remaining two-thirds became the
446:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
151:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
7:
691:from the original on 10 October 2015
654:from the original on 10 October 2015
467:, Styria became part of the British
164:, while the Slovene-speaking third (
459:Lower Styria was reattached to the
553:In 1848, all the provinces of the
534:and recovering their possessions.
471:. The lower third was returned to
14:
673:Gehrer, Elisabeth (12 May 1998).
636:Gehrer, Elisabeth (12 May 1998).
322:. Long called the Carantanian or
507:. In 1598 his son and successor
217:history of Styria is as part of
288:River the boundary between the
710:History of Graz-Seckau diocese
516:, 1555, with its principle of
401:(today's Rogaška Slatina) and
1:
754:1180 establishments in Europe
409:, and the thermal springs of
682:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
645:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
428:, Styria was divided by the
625:"Clickable map of Slovenia"
105:Styria's population before
16:Account of events in Styria
775:
576:with its bishop's seat at
574:Prince-Bishopric of Lavant
570:Prince-Bishopric of Seckau
469:occupation zone in Austria
342:in 1180 after the fall of
299:
292:of Salzburg and Aquileia.
712:. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
519:cuius regio, eius religio
344:Henry the Lion of Bavaria
197:Prehistory to Charlemagne
606:Timeline of Graz history
527:Battle of White Mountain
566:Archdiocese of Salzburg
430:Treaty of Saint Germain
405:, the brine springs of
357:, as stipulated in the
56:from its settlement by
415:Neuhaus am Klausenbach
390:
274:patriarchs of Aquileia
210:
168:) formed the informal
145:was incorporated into
99:
86:
73:since the time of the
30:
728:Catholic Encyclopedia
540:compulsory emigration
388:
330:that originated from
282:Vergilius of Salzburg
225:, with the romanized
204:
24:
340:Frederick Barbarossa
497:Counter-Reformation
444:became part of the
436:with the cities of
372:At the time of the
314:was created in the
182:Slovenian Carinthia
580:in the Carinthian
505:University of Graz
391:
363:Ottokar of Bohemia
316:Duchy of Carinthia
229:population of the
211:
50:region of Styria (
31:
744:History of Styria
590:diocese of Leoben
562:prince-bishoprics
555:Habsburg monarchy
514:Peace of Augsburg
483:Religious history
413:(today's Laško),
395:Semmering Railway
365:; in 1276 to the
355:rulers of Austria
276:kept faithful to
192:Political history
35:history of Styria
766:
713:
707:
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684:. pp. 4–5.
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664:
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642:
633:
627:
622:
594:Bruck an der Mur
452:. Other than in
403:Bad Gleichenberg
359:Georgenberg Pact
324:Carinthian March
235:great migrations
137:. In 1918 after
94:
87:Slovenske gorice
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773:
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487:The Protestant
485:
450:State of Styria
383:
338:by the Emperor
312:March of Styria
308:
306:Duchy of Styria
302:March of Styria
300:Main articles:
298:
199:
194:
100:Windische BĂĽhel
90:
27:Austria-Hungary
17:
12:
11:
5:
772:
770:
762:
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746:
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735:
732:
731:
726:Styria in the
721:
718:
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665:
647:. p. 13.
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25:Styria within
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3:
2:
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266:Christianized
263:
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248:as a part of
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236:
233:. During the
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
203:
196:
191:
189:
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183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
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159:
158:federal state
156:
152:
148:
144:
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136:
135:Upper Austria
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Lower Austria
108:
103:
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97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
79:Slovene Hills
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:at number 12.
28:
23:
19:
727:
705:
693:. Retrieved
681:
668:
656:. Retrieved
644:
631:
620:
559:
552:
544:Transylvania
536:
524:
517:
486:
465:World War II
458:
434:Lower Styria
423:
392:
371:
348:
309:
243:
212:
166:Lower Styria
104:
51:
34:
32:
18:
578:Sankt Andrä
489:Reformation
426:World War I
296:Middle Ages
246:Charlemagne
139:World War I
107:World War I
738:Categories
473:Yugoslavia
424:Following
407:Bad Aussee
381:Modern era
264:and other
250:Carantania
548:Joseph II
509:Ferdinand
493:Duke Karl
461:Reichsgau
454:Carinthia
367:Habsburgs
351:Babenberg
280:. Bishop
254:Carinthia
207:ducal hat
143:Mur River
127:Carinthia
92:‹See Tfd›
66:Dark Ages
52:Ĺ tajerska
41:state of
686:Archived
649:Archived
600:See also
477:Slovenia
419:Tobelbad
399:Rohitsch
353:family,
290:dioceses
272:and the
270:Salzburg
231:Taurisci
223:Pannonia
155:Austrian
147:Slovenia
131:Salzburg
123:Carniola
45:and the
39:Austrian
720:Sources
695:11 June
658:11 June
501:Jesuits
442:Maribor
374:Ottoman
328:Otakars
320:Magyars
262:Bavarii
219:Noricum
178:Savinja
149:in the
119:Croatia
115:Hungary
83:Slovene
71:Erzberg
64:in the
58:Germans
47:Slovene
582:Lavant
568:. The
531:Prague
411:Tuffer
227:Celtic
170:Styria
162:Styria
133:, and
96:German
77:. The
75:Romans
43:Styria
689:(PDF)
678:(PDF)
652:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
612:Notes
586:see's
529:near
438:Celje
336:duchy
332:Steyr
286:Drave
258:Avars
239:Slavs
215:Roman
174:Drava
62:Slavs
697:2021
660:2021
440:and
417:and
393:The
310:The
304:and
278:Rome
221:and
213:The
186:Graz
176:and
60:and
33:The
542:to
160:of
740::
680:.
643:.
479:.
432:.
421:.
346:.
129:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
98::
89:,
85::
699:.
662:.
252:(
209:.
81:(
54:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
