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History of Sundanese language

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the unseen realm, indeed Prophet Adam preceded (him). Queen Galuh is made an earthly heirloom. Then he descended from the famous sky, descended into the sky "Jambalullah" (God's glory), down to the pearly sky, down to the steel sky, down to the diamond sky, down to the golden sky, down to the white sky, down to the black sky, down to the sky of the world (human world). Because something was in the way, he then descended in time to Mount Jabalkap. The parable: Queen Galuh is made a world heritage, Prophet Adam preceded (him) near Mount Egypt. Adam had forty children, twins of both sexes, (permitted) to become the ancestor of princes and queens: the eldest, king, called the prophet Isis: he was the ancestor of man.
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Basana turun ti langit masuhur, turun ka langit jambalulah, turun ka langit mutiyara, turun ka langit purasani, turun ka langit inten, turun ka langit kancana, turun ka langit putih, turun ka langit ireng, turun ka langit dunya. Ja kalangan, tata lawas turun ka Gunung Jabalkap. Upami: ratu Galuh dienggonkeun sasaka alam dunya, nabi Adam ti heula, pinareking gunung Mesir. Adam diseuweu opat puluh, dwa nu sakembaran, munijah luluhur haji dewi; cikal, da hiji dingarankeun nabi Isis, luluhur manusa.
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P(e)rebu Jaya Pakuan. Saurna karah sakini: 'A(m)buing tatanghi ti(ng)gal, tarik-tarik dibuhaya, pawekas pajeueung beungeut, kita a(m)bu deung awaking, héngan sapoé ayeuna. Aing dék leu(m)pang ka wétan.' Saa(ng)geus nyaur sakitu, i(n)dit birit su(n)dah diri, lugay sila su(n)dah leu(m)pang. Sadiri ti salu panti, saturun ti tungtung surung, Ulang panapak ka lemah, kalangkang ngabiantara, reujeung deung dayeuhanana, Mukakeun panto kowari.
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the Prince, Prabu Jaya Pakuan.' He said thus: Mother, look clearly, deeply, for the last one face to face, you, mother, with me, only one day left, Ananda is going to the East.' After saying that, crouched down and stood up, walked and left. On his way from the assembly hall, descended from the end of the pulpit, then stepped his feet to the ground, his shadow cast into the sky, together with himself, then opened the gate.
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This is the story of Waruga Guru, who rules the world. He whose mind is dark will remain so, for ignorance is absolutely without exception, Enlightened youths, seeing what they want fulfilled, get it from the teacher. The prince in the image of fear, let it be known, Ratu Galuh, since he emerged from
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Ini carita Waruga Guru, éta nu nyakrawati. Nu poék angen tulus, da kujaba di nu bodo, nu tarrabuka priyayi sakarep kasorang tineung meunang guru. Ratu Pusaka di jagat paramodita, éta, kanyahokeun ratu galuh, keurna bijil ti alam gaib; nya Nabi Adam ti heula. Ratu Galuh dienggonkeun sasaka alam dunya.
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Saur sang mahapandita: 'Kumaha girita ini? Mana sinarieun teuing teka ceudeum ceukreum teuing? Mo ha(n)teu nu kabé(ng)kéngan.' Saur sang mahapandita: 'Di mana éta geusanna? Eu(n)deur nu ceurik sadalem, séok nu ceurik sajero, midangdam sakadatuan.' Mo lain di Pakanycilan, tohaan eukeur nu ma(ng)kat,
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The mahapandita said: 'Why is this shocking? Not as usual until the cloud is gloomy? Maybe they are confused.' A mahapandita asked: Where did it happen? A weeping roar fills the palace, many are crying inside, all the contents of the kingdom are lamenting. Maybe in Pakancilan, for the departure of
734:(1908) which changed its name to Balai Poestaka in 1917 played an important role in the publication of these Sundanese books. Then, there emerged authors who wrote their works in Sundanese, such as Adiwijaya, Kartawinata, Burhan Kartadireja, M. Kartadimaja, R. Rangga Danukusumah, R. Suriadiraja, 579:, This language was developed and codified marked by the publication of dictionaries discussing the Sundanese language. The long journey of the development of the Modern Sundanese language can be described through the events below: 705:
has begun to be developed and Sundanese has become the language of instruction in schools basic and advanced levels, this is supported by the publication of books or other reading materials in Sundanese which was pioneered by
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which was adopted from the monarchical culture of an Islamic style. This language was used in the 17th century until the mid-19th century, especially in the fields of religion and government.
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which was written in the 18th century using Old Sundanese script. In addition to these manuscripts, several examples of manuscripts that use Classical Sundanese include:
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Baidillah, I.; Darsa, U.A.; Abdurrahman, O.; Permadi, T.; Gunardi, G.; Suherman, A.; Ampera, T.; Purba, H.S.; Nugraha, D.T.; Sutisna, D. (2008).
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with a form model commonly found in manuscripts, but over time, the writing system of Classical Sundanese began to adopt foreign scripts such as
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which has cultural contact with other cultures. Experts usually divide the periodization of the Sundanese language into two main stages, namely
1459:"Discovering the 'Language' and the 'Literature' of West Java: An Introduction to the Formation of Sundanese Writing in 19th Century West Java" 779:
with some simplifications, This script was later designated as one of the modern (contemporary) Sundanese writing systems taught in schools.
522: 2543: 2413: 2217: 2181: 2324: 2207: 2068: 1703: 1617: 1596: 1567: 1501: 1388: 652:: For the first time, a Sundanese-English dictionary was published by Jonathan Rigg, a British businessman who owns a plantation in 2527: 2495: 2314: 2289: 2155: 2135: 1997: 238: 2548: 2467: 2361: 2319: 2273: 2227: 2202: 2176: 2160: 2397: 2356: 2340: 2268: 2237: 1546: 1732: 1586: 2441: 2212: 2104: 2099: 2073: 2048: 1912: 1407: 1536: 609: 594:: The Dutch-Malay and Sundanese Dictionary was published based on the vocabulary lists compiled by De Wilde, written by 689:
as the purest Sundanese according to the Dutch colonial government, This language form was then standardized to become
2600: 2477: 1990: 1917: 1809: 1764: 1757: 697:, reaffirmed that the Bandung dialect is the standard Sundanese language. This determination is still in effect today. 172:, Old Sundanese more or less shows a striking difference with Modern Sundanese. This language is commonly used in the 32: 1458: 59:. Meanwhile, Sundanese in spoken form is believed by some to have been used long before the inscriptions were made. 2222: 617: 582: 267:
Note: The transliterated and translated texts presented below are taken with some necessary changes from the book
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Literary works in Modern Sundanese have many titles, some of which are literary works in the form of poetry (
1607: 48: 40: 1133: 772: 634:: A competition for compiling a Sundanese dictionary with the most entries was held which was initiated by 231: 2574: 2569: 2472: 2013: 1949: 1794: 768: 702: 36: 397: 2263: 2150: 653: 510: 467: 125: 2564: 2063: 2038: 1969: 1831: 776: 715: 369: 208: 181: 2197: 1959: 1665:
Nederduitsch-Maleisch en Soendasch woordenboek: Benevens twee stukken tot oefening in het Soendasch
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with the publication of Sundanese dictionaries and grammar books by scholars and evangelists. Year
690: 1369: 707: 2382: 2247: 2140: 2120: 2078: 2053: 2017: 1942: 1937: 1897: 1876: 1799: 1780: 783: 746: 621: 595: 570: 346: 318: 224: 99: 75: 44: 28: 1609:
Comparative Austronesian Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies, Bagian 1, Volume 1
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in the Pegon alphabet are heavily influenced by Arabic and Malay and are written in the form of
82::217–218), The development of the Sundanese language can be divided into three periods, namely: 16: 429: 410: 2511: 2451: 2434: 2366: 2125: 2058: 2043: 1982: 1709: 1699: 1680: 1642: 1623: 1613: 1592: 1573: 1563: 1542: 1507: 1497: 1478: 1394: 1384: 723: 672: 576: 156:. This language is generally believed to be the predecessor of the Sundanese language used in 67: 416: 321:. This language is a further development of the Old Sundanese language after the collapse of 2429: 2392: 2294: 2242: 2145: 2083: 1826: 1470: 1443: 388: 173: 1541:. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 377: 338: 1491: 1192: 329:. The collapse of the Sunda Kingdom coincided with the strengthening of the influence of 1743: 1737: 1892: 1836: 1818: 750: 661: 602:. This event marked the recognition of Sundanese as an officially independent language. 528: 455: 393: 373: 361: 342: 260: 189: 132: 47:. The earliest evidence of the use of Sundanese in written form can be traced from the 2594: 711: 322: 314: 116: 86: 71: 63: 78:
whose linguistic characteristics can be clearly distinguished. Meanwhile, according
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or developments. The development of linguistics is in line with the development of
56: 496: 352: 1693: 1674: 1663: 1557: 1378: 638:, a secretary of the Batavian Society for Arts and Sciences who was awarded 1000 1841: 1520: 791: 451: 334: 216: 212: 149: 145: 1448: 679:). "This makes me sad because the composer is not Dutch", said Koorders (1863). 250: 1496:. Translated by Setiawan, H.; Wartini, T.; Darsa, U.A. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. 643: 518: 201: 157: 1713: 1684: 1627: 1511: 1482: 1398: 2387: 1851: 1733:
Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary Ministry of Education and Culture Repository
1646: 1636: 1577: 755: 639: 599: 382: 1588:
The Role of Sundanese Letters as the One of Identity and Language Preserver
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Modern Sundanese is a form of Sundanese language that developed during the
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Semangat Baru: kolonialisme, Budaya Cetak, dan Kesastraan Sunda Abad ke-19
1474: 1181:. Vol. LV. Batavia: Albrecht & Co., M. Nijhoff. pp. 405–413. 749:, In addition, in limited use, Modern Sundanese can also be written using 764: 745:
The Modern Sundanese writing system uses the Latin alphabet with several
742:, and until now there are still many generations of successors emerging. 664: 193: 215:, In addition, several Old Sundanese manuscripts are also written using 1861: 1439: 686: 219:. Examples of manuscripts that use the Old Sundanese language include: 185: 177: 169: 141: 21: 1749: 613: 405: 161: 52: 180:
period which was written on manuscripts from various media, such as
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Widiyanto, Y.S.; Kusumah, S.D.; Gurning, E.T.; Purnama, Y. (1999).
1438:. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Arkeologi 2019 (Paper). Vol. 3. 581: 495: 351: 330: 249: 131: 120: 15: 1591:. Surakarta: European Alliance for Innovation. pp. 273–279. 656:. The publication of this Sundanese-English dictionary made some 1698:. Translated by Suryadi; Udiani, C.M. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu. 1317: 1305: 1293: 1281: 814: 760: 694: 682: 649: 631: 605: 591: 425: 326: 1986: 1753: 2579: 1162: 668: 197: 701:
Since then, the Sundanese language has continued to develop,
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Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, LV.pdf
337:. Classical Sundanese vocabulary was strongly influenced by 313:
Classical Sundanese is a transitional language that bridges
24:" in several scripts that have been used to write Sundanese 1431:
Teks Dan Konteks Dalam Jejak Budaya Takbenda Studi Kasus:
1116: 1114: 1089: 1087: 646:. This became a trigger for Europeans to learn Sundanese. 62:
In its history, Sundanese language has undergone several
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Sumarlina, E.S.N.; Permana, R.S.M.; Darsa, U.A. (2019).
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Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, LV
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One example of Classical Sundanese script is the script
1408:"Fungsi dan posisi partikel Ma dalam Bahasa Sunda Kuno" 264:, written around the 14th century to the 15th century. 49:
a collection of inscriptions found in the Kawali region
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The classical Sundanese writing system initially used
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Dari Pentas Sejarah Sunda: Sangkuriang Hingga Juanda
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Note: The full transliteration text can be found in
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which is thought to have been written in the 1750s.
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Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 2028: 2005: 1991: 1983: 1866: 1772: 1758: 1750: 1447: 1442:: Pasundan University. pp. 215–223. 1120: 1093: 1078: 1030: 967:I answered with a smile, as if restrained 722:who pays great attention to language and 675:in 1862 to establish a teacher's school ( 660:disappointed, one of them is Koorders, a 79: 1269: 1257: 1245: 1233: 1221: 1054: 1023: 492:Example of Classical Sundanese fragment 1744:Alphabet to Sundanese script Converter 1728:Improved Sundanese Spelling Guidelines 1612:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 1341: 1329: 1209: 1134:"Hikayat Paras Rasul dan Keutamaannya" 957:"I already have grandchildren. And you 805:Examples of Modern Sundanese fragments 420:, i.e. poetry composed in the form of 207:Old Sundanese is mostly written using 55:which is thought to have been made in 41:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstruction 1151:Sumarlina, Permana & Darsa (2019) 1042: 586:Cover of Sundanese-English dictionary 7: 1406:Gunawan, A.; Fauziyah, E.F. (2018). 1362:Direktori Aksara Sunda untuk Unicode 1559:Puisi Sunda Modern dalam Dua Bahasa 796:Puisi Sunda Modern dalam Dua Bahasa 274:which is a translation of the book 246:Examples of Old Sundanese fragments 942:His face is like a withered flower 14: 759:. This situation continued until 254:Bujangga Manik manuscript (1400). 33:Malayo-Polynesian language family 1808: 1490:Noorduyn, J.; Teeuw, A. (2006). 885:keur usum urang mah lain lumayan 524:Poesaka Soenda 1923-03-1(09).pdf 239:Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian 1562:. Bandung: Dunia Pustaka Jaya. 962:How many children do you have?" 481:Sajarah Galuh Bareng Galunggung 281:by J. Noorduyn & A. Teeuw. 1383:. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama. 880:Sab mangsa 20 taunan téh kapan 577:Dutch colonialism in Indonesia 335:the territory of the Sundanese 204:, and in daily communication. 1: 1067:Gunawan & Fauziyah (2018) 900:"Kulan?" cék kuring panasaran 875:Dijawab ku imut, semu katahan 865:"Ceuceu mah geus incuan. Kuma 775:whose form model is based on 258:Excerpts from the manuscript 1738:Sundanese-English Dictionary 1673:Prawirasumantri, A. (1990). 890:Basa ngurebkeun geus lekasan 835:Basa milu ngurebkeun, harita 508:Excerpt from the manuscript 144:forms of Sundanese found in 96:Classical Sundanese (Switch) 37:Austronesian language family 1955:Sundanese Language Congress 1175:S. van Ronkel, ed. (1913). 1106:Noorduyn & Teeuw (2006) 1007:will never happen again..." 997:"Yes, it won't happen again 947:like a portrait of memories 927:Time to attend the cemetery 860:boléas kawas warna kabayana 850:Paromanna geus lalayu sekar 714:who was also encouraged by 2617: 1449:10.24164/prosiding.v3i1.24 624:on the ethnographic terms 568: 114: 1806: 1679:. Bandung: Geger Sunten. 905:"Muhun moal kasorang deui 895:pok deui manéhna lalaunan 840:patepung reujeung manéhna 773:standard Sundanese script 610:Walter Robert van Hoëvell 400:. Manuscripts written in 1535:Ranabrata, U.D. (1991). 1521:"Tjarita Waroega Goeroe" 777:ancient Sundanese script 360:which was written using 160:. Based on the level of 1668:. Amsterdam: J. Müller. 1463:Southeast Asian Studies 1377:Ekadjati, E.S. (2014). 1318:Baidillah et al. (2008) 1306:Baidillah et al. (2008) 1294:Baidillah et al. (2008) 1282:Baidillah et al. (2008) 1163:Widiyanto et al. (1999) 1002:beautiful teenage years 992:"What?" I asked curious 952:the color of the kebaya 345:, and the emergence of 136:Kebantenan inscription. 1493:Tiga pesona Sunda kuna 1428:Hendayana, Y. (2020). 1010: 918: 915:moal kasorang deui..." 855:lir potrét panineungan 769:Padjadjaran University 587: 562: 551: 505: 365: 333:which penetrated into 306: 295: 269:Tiga Pesona Sunda Kuna 255: 137: 129: 25: 1692:Moriyama, M. (2013). 1662:De Wilde, A. (1841). 1519:Pleyte, C.M. (1923). 1475:10.20495/tak.34.1_151 1457:Moriyama, M. (1996). 924: 910:Mangsa rumaja mah, Yi 870:Ayi sabaraha batina?" 832: 794:in his book entitled 585: 557: 544: 500:Facsimile edition of 499: 355: 301: 288: 253: 135: 126:Batutulis inscription 124: 35:which is part of the 19: 1950:Sundanese literature 1606:Tryon, D.T. (1995). 1435:dan 'Paribasa' Sunda 987:slowly he said again 716:Karel Frederik Holle 703:Sundanese literature 531:translation in file 450:'baris'. Meanwhile, 370:Old Sundanese script 209:Old Sundanese script 1556:Rosidi, A. (2001). 1415:kbi.kemdikbud.go.id 1372:: Dinas Pendidikan. 1199:. 21 November 2007. 1108:, pp. 278–279. 1081:, pp. 217–218. 747:different spellings 736:R. Ayu Lasminingrat 710:, a great ruler of 708:Raden Muhammad Musa 504:manuscript. (1700s) 404:are in the form of 398:Sundanese phonology 309:Classical Sundanese 276:Three Old Sundanese 31:is a member of the 2601:Sundanese language 1827:Standard Sundanese 1781:Sundanese language 937:I didn't expect it 691:Standard Sundanese 588: 571:Sundanese language 511:Carita Waruga Guru 506: 502:Carita Waruga Guru 468:Carita Waruga Guru 366: 358:Wawacan Nabi Paras 356:The manuscript of 256: 225:Carita Parahyangan 138: 130: 45:Proto-Austronesian 43:whose ancestor is 29:Sundanese language 26: 2588: 2587: 2303: 2302: 2018:world's languages 1980: 1979: 1926: 1925: 1344:, pp. 52–53. 1308:, pp. 61–62. 724:Sundanese culture 673:Dutch East Indies 537:halaman 380-382. 128:was made in 1533. 68:Sundanese culture 2608: 2478:Standard Chinese 2029: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1984: 1867: 1812: 1800:Modern Sundanese 1774: 1767: 1760: 1751: 1717: 1688: 1669: 1650: 1631: 1602: 1581: 1552: 1531: 1525: 1515: 1486: 1453: 1451: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1412: 1402: 1373: 1367: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1130: 1124: 1121:Hendayana (2020) 1118: 1109: 1103: 1097: 1094:Hendayana (2020) 1091: 1082: 1079:Hendayana (2020) 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1031:Ranabrata (1991) 1028: 982:Burial time over 972:Because 20 years 800: 728:Land's Drukkerij 712:Limbangan, Garut 565:Modern Sundanese 554:Free translation 476:Sajarah Cikundul 319:Modern Sundanese 273: 174:Kingdom of Sunda 100:Modern Sundanese 76:Modern Sundanese 2616: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2553: 2532: 2516: 2500: 2484: 2456: 2418: 2402: 2371: 2345: 2329: 2299: 2278: 2252: 2186: 2165: 2109: 2088: 2020: 2011: 1981: 1976: 1922: 1881: 1856: 1813: 1804: 1783: 1778: 1724: 1706: 1691: 1672: 1661: 1658: 1656:Further reading 1653: 1634: 1620: 1605: 1599: 1584: 1570: 1555: 1549: 1534: 1523: 1518: 1504: 1489: 1456: 1427: 1419: 1417: 1410: 1405: 1391: 1376: 1365: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1332:, pp. 7–8. 1328: 1324: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1276: 1272:, pp. 162. 1270:Moriyama (1996) 1268: 1264: 1260:, pp. 161. 1258:Moriyama (1996) 1256: 1252: 1248:, pp. 160. 1246:Moriyama (1996) 1244: 1240: 1236:, pp. 159. 1234:Moriyama (1996) 1232: 1228: 1224:, pp. 158. 1222:Moriyama (1996) 1220: 1216: 1212:, pp. 130. 1208: 1204: 1193:"Carios Samaun" 1191: 1190: 1186: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1165:, pp. 7–8. 1161: 1157: 1153:, pp. 277. 1149: 1145: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1123:, pp. 219. 1119: 1112: 1104: 1100: 1096:, pp. 218. 1092: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1055:Ekadjati (2014) 1053: 1049: 1045:, pp. 460. 1041: 1037: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1015: 977:not good for us 923: 831: 819:Basa Ngurebkeun 807: 798: 790:) collected by 740:D.K. Ardiwinata 573: 567: 556: 543: 541:Transliteration 494: 378:Arabic alphabet 311: 300: 287: 285:Transliteration 271: 248: 119: 113: 80:Hendayana (2020 12: 11: 5: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2593: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2343: 2337: 2335: 2334:Other European 2331: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2012: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1995: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1931:Related topics 1928: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1819:Writing system 1815: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1746:on kairaga.com 1741: 1740:by F.S. Eringa 1735: 1730: 1723: 1722:External links 1720: 1719: 1718: 1704: 1689: 1670: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1632: 1618: 1603: 1597: 1582: 1568: 1553: 1547: 1532: 1528:Poesaka Soenda 1516: 1502: 1487: 1469:(1): 151–183. 1454: 1425: 1403: 1389: 1374: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1334: 1322: 1320:, pp. 64. 1310: 1298: 1296:, pp. 26. 1286: 1284:, pp. 25. 1274: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1202: 1184: 1167: 1155: 1143: 1125: 1110: 1098: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1057:, pp. 40. 1047: 1035: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 922: 919: 830: 827: 811:Surachman R.M. 806: 803: 720:Dutch national 699: 698: 680: 647: 629: 603: 569:Main article: 566: 563: 555: 552: 542: 539: 493: 490: 489: 488: 483: 478: 394:Latin alphabet 362:Pegon alphabet 347:language level 310: 307: 299: 296: 286: 283: 261:Bujangga Manik 247: 244: 243: 242: 235: 228: 115:Main article: 112: 109: 108: 107: 97: 94: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2613: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2550: 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1598:9781631902482 1594: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1569:979-419-285-6 1565: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1503:9789794193563 1499: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1416: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1390:9786237670070 1386: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1343: 1342:Rosidi (2001) 1338: 1335: 1331: 1330:Rosidi (2001) 1326: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210:Pleyte (1923) 1206: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1069:, pp. 2. 1068: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1033:, pp. 1. 1032: 1027: 1024: 1017: 1012: 1009: 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Index


Sunda
Sundanese language
Malayo-Polynesian language family
Austronesian language family
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstruction
Proto-Austronesian
a collection of inscriptions found in the Kawali region
Ciamis
14th century
periodization
Sundanese culture
Old Sundanese
Modern Sundanese
Hendayana (2020
Old Sundanese
Modern Sundanese
Old Sundanese

Batutulis inscription

dialect
inscriptions
manuscripts
17th century
present day
syntax
morphology
lexicon
Kingdom of Sunda

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