History of Póvoa de Varzim

1906:

population decline in the coastal agricultural parishes north of the city (Aguçadoura, Navais and Estela). The city center kept attracting inhabitants with a 2.2% population increase. According to statistics, Póvoa de Varzim lost population between 2009 and 2016, similarly to most of Portugal. In 2017, it was one of the few municipalities in Northern Portugal to halt population loss comparing to 2016 by showing a marginal increase in population, mostly due to legal foreign residents. In the census of 2021, Póvoa de Varzim was one of the few cities in Northern Portugal to experience a population expansion with 3.5% increase in the main civil parish, stronger urban population growth made Póvoa de Varzim experience the fifth largest expansion in Northern Portugal with 1.4% increase, despite continued population loss in the countryside.

1686:) during the Liberal Wars, an event that was still fresh in the memories of most at the time, which led to protests by the city hall of Póvoa de Varzim given the fact that, by then, Póvoa was significantly larger and doubled the number of houses that Vila do Conde had. After two years, Póvoa recovered Balasar that was transferred to Vila Nova de Famalicão. While the historical territorial disputes with Barcelos ended, territorial disputes with Vila do Conde started, with Póvoa de Varzim claiming land in Vila do Conde proper, most notably Poça da Barca, located in the 1290:

Church located in the old town, which became the fish church of the vicarship, was outside of those borders. The Town Hall of Póvoa de Varzim also got from the Braga chapter house the "Judge of the Church" rights extending its jurisdiction in areas outside the civil border. In Póvoa de Varzim's Corpus Christi procession, the clergymen of several parishes were obliged to participate since 1591 by the archbishop. In 1694, the border dispute between the town halls of Póvoa de Varzim and Barcelos reached a climax and is taken to court.

1472: 1879:

gentrification processes, of the traditional population, especially the charismatic fishermen. These sold their properties to real estate agents and some moved to the free area south of the city: Caxinas and Poça da Barca in the municipality of Vila do Conde. And, in there, an accelerated pace of urbanization also occurred and Póvoa and Vila do Conde, until then separated by uninhabited land, merged. This ultimately led to the loss of population in the official area of the city, loss of regional influence and decadence.

701: 935: 335: 1596: 262: 713: 1859: 1331: 433: 156: 864:, who was invited by the knights to take over the Portuguese throne, Gavião of Varzim used the opportunity to destroy the king's assets in Lower Varzim. According to a 1258 chronic, he entered in the king's property, in a violent way, which was several times built and improved, destroying it significantly in such a way that no bread could be sowed, nor a car could cross that place as it often used to do. The knight left throw Boído Lagoon, currently 1806: 195: 1763: 37: 17: 390:. The site is preserved as a small lake known as Lagoa Negra, the Black Lake. Before the Roman conquest, it is thought that the tribesmen also mined it, and the notorious Castro culture jewelry found scattered in Póvoa de Varzim is stated to have been mined there. These mines were intensively exploited during the Roman period and may have been the reason why the Via Veteris, a Roman road, crossed the coastal area. 1364: 868:, the border with Knights Varzim. The damage was so significant that when Sancho II was overthrown and Afonso became the King of Portugal he ordered the Judge of Faria, Martinho Martins, to resettle the royal land, only managed to get settlers for 15 of the 20 farming properties, as these feared the knights. The king's chronicler explicitly stated that all of the port of Varzim was property of Lord the King. 1323: 25: 825: 3362: 1775: 595: 1699: 1250: 535: 1831:, a 1942 film, focusing on local fisher culture, family values and the importance of the sea, is considered a project of the Estado Novo regime by the financial support it had. It was financed by the National Propaganda Secretariat, the Unemployment Commission and the Ministry of Public Works. The film won the first international prize to Portuguese cinema. 800:, an Islamic city in the south of the Peninsula, returning with good spoils of war. He had great wealth in Villa Verazim and bought several houses and lands in town, including half of one property near his palace and inherited 16 properties in Varzim, 7.5 in Cunha and some others around the kingdom from his relative Gonçalo Ramires. In the area of 1666:, in the outskirts of Póvoa de Varzim were annexed to Vila do Conde, by the middle of the lands of Póvoa. Due to this, Póvoa started numerous complaints. By the intermediation of the Member of Parliament José Fortunato Ferreira de Castro a representation was signed to the Court in the session of May 22, 1837. But the claims of Póvoa were not met. 1230:(controlled by the House of Braganza) was a dispute which started in the 16th century. The border of the county of Barcelos entered the urban area of Póvoa de Varzim. In the royal charters, by King Denis and confirmed by King Manuel I, Póvoa had town limit exception and the right of appeal to the Crown, what were seen as significant privileges. 1315: 974: 1214: 1874:

In modern times, the fishing industry had lost most of its importance. Póvoa de Varzim became a service-sector city, but unlike other urban areas of Porto, it is not a dormitory community for commuters. Being one of northern Portugal's main locations, it developed a cosmopolitan style and serves as a

1820:

all over Portugal, by a text in the schoolbooks of the fourth grade, and turned into a legend the dignity and courage of the humble fishermen of the region. Salazar was a common visitor to some local families, such as Virgínia Campos, Maria da Paz Varzim and the Amaral family. Important people of the

1669:

In 1842, the representation of the city hall of Póvoa de Varzim in the District's Geral Junta applied for the annexation of the civil parishes of Amorim and Beiriz, offering in exchange the ones of Outeiro Maior, Parada, and Santagões. In 1849, the city hall deliberated again to take the issue to the

1586:

and that of Vila do Conde, in close proximity, were taken by French troops in late March 1809, as there were few troops in the region. The French control of the towns of Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde lasted for almost two months. In May, Soult retreated throw the Marão and Gerês massifs, escaping

1289:

According to Barcelos, that considered itself to had primacy in the region, only Lower Varzim, the Royal land, was part of the municipality of Póvoa de Varzim. Lower Varzim was the south of Póvoa de Varzim Parish. However, the parish was not of the same size as the fiscal area. The Our Lady of Varzim

985:

in his 1343 inquiries wanted to know the wealth of the religious orders. The abbess of the monastery presented a big letter in which it is stated, in Latin, that King Denis gave, to Afonso Sanches, Lower Varzim, and its royal charter valuing 250 pounds were property of the monastery. The abbess would

888:

Gomes, as it is deduced from his personal 1290 Inquiries, took advantage of his relationship with important people in order to get the recognition of the seaport of Varzim, located in Royal Land of Varzim, as his honor. He tried to convince King Denis, that the King's father, Afonso III, took it from

820:

Lourenço got, whose dominions was located not only in Varzim and Cunha, but expanded throw several lands in the kingdom and his family conspired against the king, as such the king ordered the destruction of several of his properties, including 10 of the 17 properties of Varzim and his tower in Cunha.

1882:

In the 1990s the city had significantly expanded beyond the defined city limits and, by 1995, it was considered severely obsolete. The current area of the city, grouping several parishes, was defined on April 7, 1995 in the city council and the measures for the new urbanization plan were approved by

1789:

The end of the 19th century and early 20th century were important for transportation and the organization of Póvoa de Varzim and the development was stimulated by Póvoa de Varzim's importance in tourism and high-culture. The first urbanization project in the waterfront was created in 1891. National

1542:

In 1876, Pinho Leal, a historian who studied Portugal in the finest of details, stated that tourism and fisheries transformed Póvoa de Varzim from a small village-like town into one of the most beautiful, prosperous and settled towns of Portugal. It was then one of the prime towns of Portugal, and,

1467:

Since 1725, the iodine-rich seawaters of Póvoa, due to the peculiar high quantities of seaweed, from the outlying kelp forests, that end up in Póvoa beaches, brought by ocean currents, lead that Benedictine monks choose to take sea-baths in Póvoa, in search of iodine (considered reinvigorating) and

1359:

It is during this period that several churches were built and the Santa Casa da Misericórdia was created. The Nossa Senhora da Lapa Brotherhood, founded in 1761 by the fishermen, got a charter in which they got authorization to build their homes in "chãos da areia", giving rise to a new and planned

1169:

In the 17th century, the shipbuilding industry boomed in Ribeira shipyard, area around Póvoa fortress in the sheltered bay, and one-third of the population had some relation with this activity, building ships for the merchant navigation. The carpenter profession became the main one and was followed

716:

The main church being demolished in 1910 for urbanistic reasons, as it was thought not to be significant due to historical adulteration. It then became clear it was of medieval foundation, dating to the height of Varzim's feudal period. The old stones were reused to build a new nearby church, while

673:(929 – 1031) is drawn at the Douro River, creating political chaos, the weakening of the County's power, the expansion of power of the feudal lordships of the region and transformations, before and after the attack, that questioned the authority of the Kingdom of León, especially after the reign of 1745:

Povoan elite, including Republicans and Freemasons, encouraged popular demonstrations against the Jesuits, specifically the 1901 demonstration, by believing the Jesuits were responsible for the ignorance and beliefs of the people. Laborers and craftsmen, with republican ideas, were responsible for

1673:

By the reforms of December 31, 1853, it exchanged Outeiro Maior, Parada and Santagões for Amorim and Beiriz with neighboring Vila do Conde, thus solving its main concerns. However, against its wishes, Rio Mau was transferred to Vila do Conde and Balasar to Vila Nova de Famalicão. In 1854, the City

1097:

There was a chapel around Praça Velha, known as Madre de Deus chapel, built before 1521 by the nobleman João Gomes Gaio, father of the knight João Martins Gaio, the later was part of the maritime trade of Vila do Conde. The chapel became the most popular temple in town. And by being established in

1101:

Notable Povoan seafarers getting their wealth during this period includes António Gonçalves in the Route of Brazil, Diogo Pires de São Pedro in the Route of Angola, António Luís in the Route of India. However, some seafarers birthplace is not possible to be determined due to lack of records, some

914:

in the Royal land, the inhabitants should group as neighbors of this municipality, with the election of a judge, a community tax of 250 pounds and with seaport rights. Some of the name of the 54 family patriarchs are still today surnames in the fisher community. Of those 54 families, 42 worked in

74:

Póvoa de Varzim and its region had relevant input that allowed the Portuguese discoveries, throw manpower, shipbuilding and seafaring knowledge. Since the 18th century, its beaches have helped it become one of the main tourist areas of the region, which prompted high-culture development since the

1749:

Despite those events, the establishment of the republic in 1910 was controversial to the local society. The hostilities between republicans and monarchists became more serious in 1917 and the Monarchy was declared as restored in Póvoa on January 20, 1919, a day after it was declared in Porto. An

1110:, he gained significant wealth and founded São Sebastião Chapel (c.1582) in Póvoa de Varzim, and became the ordinary judge (mayor) in 1584 and 1587. Diogo Dias de São Pedro, mayor in 1599, was the captain of the warship N.S.Guadalupe, built in the Port of Póvoa de Varzim, in order to recapture 167:

Widespread pillaging by rival tribes led the resident populations of the coastal plain of Póvoa de Varzim to raise a fortified town atop the hill that stood next to the sea. The city area covered 12,000 m (3.0 acres) and had several hundred inhabitants. The City prospered due to its strong

1905:

opened in 2009, after over a decade of planning. The urban population expanded by 23% between the 1991 and 2001 census, after losing 1.3% in the previous decade. In 2011 census, Póvoa de Varzim municipality lost population for the first time in modern history, a -0.1% decrease, due to a strong

1897:

At the end of the 1990s, the city was authorized by the national government to use some of the gambling profits for city redevelopment in the main streets and squares, marina and other venues. This coincided with a period of no governmental investment to the municipality as attributed by the

1878:

At the end of the 1970s and throw the 1980s, the city started a new accelerated pace of urbanization, now with little regulation, ruled by real estate speculation both in the price of land fractions and construction, which resulted in the construction of high-rise buildings and expulsion, by

379:, near the core of Villa Euracini, where remains of buildings and a number of artifacts, including vases were found. These ruins could be older than those found in Alto de Martim Vaz. In the Old town of Póvoa de Varzim, the probable core of Roman Villa Euracini, vestiges of buildings, called 322:

Proclaimed Roman mercy comes throw the establishment of Brutus's peaceful settlements. Soon after the conquest and under Roman reform, the Cividade was rebuilt. In the shoreline, Villa Euracini and fish factories were constructed. The Castro people returned to the coastal plain and a gradual

1449:

authorized by the national government, namely with small mesh nets that caught even young fish. The once abundant fish became rare in such a way that serious social problems emerged and lead to the emigration of the fishermen. On February 27, 1892, a tragedy devastated the community. Seven

562:

and other sources, they returned to Gallaecia and eventually settled there. A second huge attack, with plundering all over the coast, occurred in 859. Due to pillaging and the destruction of everything they found, the Vikings were seen as a worse threat to Hispania than the Moors.

1085:

The single floored houses dominated the town's landscape, but there are indications of multiple floored habitations with rich architecture. The seafarers' social class, well-off gentlemen, is associated with this richer architecture such as Amador Alvares, a pilot of the route of

1285:

and further. The expression "subtus mons", characteristic in the Portuguese medieval documents, was proved by Ferreira de Almeida that it is an administrative and military dependency. The Honour of Varzim included estates in areas such as Argivai, Laundos, Terroso, and Rio Mau.

1677:

On the other hand, Vila do Conde applied for the annexation of Argivai and Rates, and even organized a petition for the annexation of Póvoa, in order to establish a unified city, part of an idea supported by important people from both towns. The suggested name for the city was

1237:

in the middle of the 16th century, becoming a municipal enclave in Minho province surrounded by lands of the House of Braganza. The Northern and Eastern border with Barcelos were the reason for most of the disputes, as these were areas already significantly settled, especially

1058: 692:, and Ribadouro whom solidified their power between the Ave and the Douro. The Lords of Sousa and Ribadouro lead the independence of Portugal from external subordination since the government of countess Mumadoma Dias up to the establishment of the kingdom of Portugal. 1738:. In that morning and while in Porto, Rocha Peixoto wrote a manifest for the people and, above all, workers; as a distraction tool for the Municipal Guard. In the previous night, in Póvoa's Café Suiço, some local intellectuals celebrated the upcoming revolution with 1153:, and the Indies. The Spanish kings favored the free movement of the people and Seville got filled with Portuguese, some of whom Povoans, to such an extent that the Portuguese language, in some streets, was more common than Castillian, and other lands of the 3236:

PORDATA, População estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente em % da população residente: total e por sexo, Fontes de Dados: Fontes de Dados: INE | SEF/MAI - População Estrangeira com Estatuto Legal de Residente, INE - Estimativas Anuais da População

1414:

One of the caught fish inventory by Povoans noticed that, for instance, for the year of 1866, the product of transactions made in Póvoa, directly by the fishermen and fish traders, summed up 230 000$ 000 réis and the result of the fish sold from Caminha to

75:

late 18th century. Its development suffered setbacks due to feudalism, monastic domain, border disputes and, recently, the development of a highly centralized state. However, it gained significant privileges confirmed by successive Portuguese kings such as

1850:, and Póvoa de Varzim was granted city status on June 16, 1973, by the decree 310/73. Then and unlike today, city status was prestigious and extremely rarely granted, but that status was often rejected by influential Povoans since the early 20th century. 499:, 'wolf'). It was also believed that Varzim itself, due to its Germanic influence, started as a Germanic settlement, until archaeological finds expanded the settlement to the Roman period. The Germanic people were obliged to settle mostly in rural areas. 1028:

gave a new charter to Póvoa de Varzim, in which the financial part of the ancient royal charter was changed and created new mechanisms for the jurisdiction of the monastery. In 1517, the monastery was reformed by the friar Francisco Lisboa, nominated by

510:, since 711, the region maintained a significant share of its population, in a social and political area where there was no acting state powers. This Christian region that kept the structure of the Roman and Roman-Germanic past was reorganized as the 1491:

and the development of entertainment venues. Several hotels, theaters and casinos opened. Póvoa de Varzim flourished culturally. It then became renowned for its refined literary culture, artistic patronage in music and theater, and intellectual

1406:

where a new monumental city hall was built, the Coelheiro Aqueduct was raised to supply freshwater to the civic center, the Casas da Cadeia, Rio Novo, and Rua Nova das Trempes were built. Queen Maria I also turned Póvoa into a headquarters of a

1342:

of the Portuguese coast and the Povoan shipyard started to work in the construction of fishing vessels. There was a significant increase of the fisher community in the middle of the century, becoming the main activity, and during the reign of

58:

Permanent settlement in the coastal plain of Póvoa de Varzim dates back to around four to six thousand years ago; around 900 BC, unrest in the region led to the establishment of a fortified city. The ocean has played an important part in its

1205:

was starting its affirmation as a new urban center. At religious level, associations of religious character started appearing, the institution of the Holly Week celebrations and the enlargement of the Main Church, located in the old town's

1894:. This early school is the origin of the Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde campus of Porto Polytechnic, its second campus after the one in Porto, it houses the Superior School of Hospitality and Tourism and the School of Media and Design. 915:

fisheries and the remaining 12 were farmers. Despite the taxes being reasonably high, the charter granted autonomy to the community, avoiding being subject to feudal domain and the royal butler, leading to the development of the town.

226:, they exchanged textiles, metals (gold, copper, tin and lead) and handicrafts including exotic products, such as glass or exotic ceramics, brought from trading with the peoples of the Mediterranean or other areas of the Peninsula. 1073:

The fishermen of the region are known to fish in Newfoundland since, at least, 1506. During this period, the main professions were farmer, seafarer, sailor, pilot, carpenter and Ribeira carpenter (shipbuilder). During the reign of

218:, and Romans had as porpoise the exchange of textiles and wine for gold and tin, despite the scarcity of terrestrial ways, this was not a problem for Cividade de Terroso that was strategically located next to the sea and by the 578:

in order to protect a Monastery against attacks by the "gentiles", reporting to the Normans, the Vikings. Instigated by the Duke of Normandy, there is a powerful incursion in 968 using a fleet of 100 ships led by the Viking

852:

Lourenço. There were 81.5 properties in the Royal Land, Argivai and Giesteira alone, 51 were owned by the king, 25.5 by the military and religious orders, 5 belonged to the church and one, Quintela, was privately owned.

1670:

national parliament, for the second time. Along with the annexation of Amorim and Beiriz, its main concerns, it also applied for the parishes of Touginhó and Arcos because these were located north of the Este river.

1419:

valued 180 000$ 000 réis. The taxes paid in the fiscal station was of 5000$ 000 réis. Yearly Póvoa supplied the city of Porto with 1600 barrels of sardine and over 3000 loads of fish. However, the number of loads to

1347:

with the country in the middle of an economic crisis, Póvoa started a rapid development. This development was due to the fisher activities originated, mostly, from protectionist laws by the kingdoms of Portugal and

997:

in 1387. Five year earlier, the same king confirmed the jurisdiction of the Count of Neiva over Póvoa, the attribution date is unknown. However, by the royal charter of February 17, 1466, it was determined by King

2349: 1375:(Economic memories of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon) it states that the fishermen of Póvoa de Varzim are the most attendable of all the Minho coast, and were the most experts and with most practice from 358:

condiment. The factory had 2,40 m wide and deep tanks near the seashore, surrounded by houses, one of which probably dating to the 1st century and more recent buildings. A waterfront Roman road linked the area to

848:, who inherited the wealth of the local overlords, and properties from religious orders, mostly from the monasteries of S. Cristovão de Rio Mau and S. Simão da Junqueira, founded by Payo Guterres, grandfather of 1834:

The thriving textile, food and tourist industries and its development into the most popular holiday destination in northern Portugal, led to a major growth between the 1930s and 1960s. On December 16, 1948, the

3069: 1434:

the people who know Póvoa are sure that if, in any statistical map, could be truly accounted the importance of exported fish to those provinces, not much people would believe in it, because they would be

1177:

Until the 17th century, fisheries were not very developed. Then the brine preservation business transformed Póvoa into the biggest fish market in northern Portugal, supplying even the inland provinces.

986:

have no rights over Upper Varzim (or Knights' Varzim), of the Order of Malta, nor the families of the king. Certain scholars noted that the donation could be from 1305, thus prior to the royal charter.

404:

and with visible Romanization, the importance of the site, possibly, predated the Roman period. Archaeological data indicate the existence of a necropolis dating from the Roman period in the area of

3041: 591:, destroying hamlets and villages. They kept in there for a year, when their petty king and a good share of the attackers fell against the army led by the Galician count Gonçalo Sanches in 970. 613:

In the Norman incursion of 1015–1016, the Monastery of Vairão was sacked. Located in the South of the Ave River, the monastery hold and recorded events in the region since 921. In 1016, inland

222:, thus an extensive trade existed in the city. The external commerce, dominated by tin, was complemented with domestic trade in tribal markets between the different cities and villages of the 1033:

in 1515, according to requests by king Manuel I. The Abbess Joana de Meneses resisted and was obliged to move to another convent. Besides the town hall and public square, the town also got a

918:

A foral's clause stated that the settlers, that docked barges and boats, with bread, wine, salt or sardines unloaded in the seaport of Póvoa de Varzim, should give for each barge or boat, 7

1722:(shire) on June 16, 1875. Despite that Póvoa did not beneficed much from the Liberal Regime. Póvoa de Varzim was activelly involved in the Republican revolt of January 31, 1891 due to the 1102:

could only be associated with the town throw their surnames, nicknames or death records. Gomes Martins de Faria, mostly known as Gomes Martins da Póvoa, was the owner and captain of an 80-

3488: 1021:

to the abbesses when they fished it and the people willingly took the icon of Our Lady of Varzim in a procession to the monastery, as the Lady of Varzim was popular in several parishes.

828:

Fierce disputes between the early Portuguese kings and the local overlords over the Port of Varzim and the town's lands lead to ravages and the establishment of the municipality in 1308.

897:

from the fishermen, justifying the attitude with the honor. Prior to that, Gomes and King Denis had disputes resolved in favor of the King by the ecclesiastical court of Braga in 1285.

503:(c. 400 – c. 469) is very explicit in this "the Hispanic, spread around the cities and oppida..." and the "Barbarians, rule over the provinces..." (HYDACE: I, § 49, pp. 117–119). 1005:

The domain of the monastery grew stronger over the town of Póvoa de Varzim, and harmful to Povoans. When the Knight's over-lordship ended, the abbess took the initiative to send an

3791: 1790:

highways linking the city to Barcelos, Famalicão and Viana do Castelo opened. Private investors financed railways linking the city to Porto in 1875 and Lower Minho Region in 1878.

2102: 1887: 304:, crushed the tribal armies, and left Cividade de Terroso in ruins, by burning the city to the ground. A celebrated milestone refers that Brutus victories extended to the ocean. 3224:

Dados de acordo com a versão 2013 da Nomenclatura das Unidades Territoriais para Fins Estatísticos (NUTS). Para obter dados de NUTS III, versão 2002, actualizados até Abril 2015

1297:

Gaspar Cardoso marked the boundaries of the town of Póvoa de Varzim, expanding it to the north and east (from then on including the suburbs of the Old town, Alto de Martim Vaz,

3386: 1603:

Despite being an historical town with significant autonomy, Póvoa only recovered most of its medieval territory with the 1836 administration reforms, as it gained parishes (

1070:

In the 16th century, the fishermen started to work in maritime activities, as pilots or seafarers in the crew of the Portuguese ships, due to their high nautical knowledge.

832:

In the 1220 inquiries, in the established Royal Land of Varzim or Lower Varzim, a royal butler area, there were 20 families, who gave to the king, when he came into town, 6

137:, in the hillside, that is still unopened after thousands of years of settlement. Five of the known tumuli are still visible. There's also evidence of Stone Age painting in 113:

The first groups of shepherds settled on the coast where Póvoa de Varzim is now located between the 4th millennium and early 2nd millennium BC. Their dead were deposited in

248:

In the area of the modern city, ceramics surfaced during a highway construction in 1998 and walls were detected in 2002, the site may have been a Castro culture farmhouse.

1883:

the national government. In the end of 2002, the plan was subject to public discussion by the local community and was approved by the national government in January 2006.

836:

for the stay; and by royal charter, if they did not went to the sea on Friday, they paid 5 mealhas (small copper coin with little value); and paid from the fisheries, the

55:, Portugal, and its development as a maritime trade and fishing hub, have been greatly influenced by its location at the entrance to one of Portugal's best natural ports. 3483: 1846:

breakwaters started being built in 1939, a 200-year-old wish of the city, although the first works started in 1795. In the 1960s, the Palace of Justice was built using

1181:

The 17th century was important for the organization of Póvoa de Varzim. On the civil level there was the electoral reform of 1612, the fiscal reform of 1656 with the

1017:

to end the situation and being incorporated in the crown. On the other hand, the abbesses were supported by influential families, the fishermen spontaneously offered

1674:

Hall of Póvoa de Varzim applied for Balasar and Rio Mau to be returned, and applied, once more, for the annexation of Touginhó and Arcos that were in Vila do Conde.

2864: 3199: 3073: 2952: 183:

mixed with vegetable additive. The first constructions made out of rock started to appear in the 5th century B.C., due to iron peaks technology that appeared in

1468:

diving and sunbathing as a cure for skin and bone concerns. Some years later, but still in the 18th century, other people went to Póvoa with the same concerns.

419:(Caius Varzinius), giving his name to the town. This myth appeared by the 19th century and promptly disputed by researchers in the 19th and early 20th century. 3585: 2913: 1987: 746:

amongst several other possessions. Guterre and his son, Payo Guterres, were decisive captains during the Reconquista. This grant is contested by the reputable

2261: 310:

mentioned two battles led by Brutus, in which women fought alongside the men and both ended in Roman victory. Archaeological data in the site and tribesmen's

3285: 1098:

Póvoa civic center he could easily recruit men for seafaring activities. This noble family was responsible for the benefits Póvoa gained during this period.

2118: 1013:

of the 5$ 000 rs. that the town hall had to pay according to the royal charter. Tense relations with the monastery developed and Povoans repetitively asked

3187: 2286: 2143: 168:

defensive walls and its location near the ocean, which facilitated trade with the maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea, especially during the

163:. The first granite buildings appeared in the 5th century B.C. The city developed with new technology and trade brought in by the Mediterranean cultures. 3038: 2515: 3916: 3610: 2411: 3095: 1385:

The fishermen of Póvoa de Varzim are always at sea, they are not happy with coastal fisheries, and they get fish from seas, that are ten or twelve

1122:

to this day, which according to the local legend, was a black slave woman loved by a marine captain, who when he died left all his wealth to her.

3391: 1090:, or pilots Pedro Fernandes, Diogo Pyz de São Pedro, Lourenço Dias among others. This bourgeoisie was the great owner of most real estate around 1531:. Currently, there is still the belief that seawater has health healing effects, especially during low tide. There are popular sayings such as " 3493: 3351: 2377: 750:

Almeida Fernandes who claimed that the grant is older, from 1033, and the fief was granted to another Guterre Pelayo, an ancestor of those, by

1383:, with a sizable number of fishermen, ships and fishing devices, and the result is a very considerable quantity of caught fish, stating that " 3442: 968:

and Miranei, with families and large farms (...). But we retain for us and the ones that will come after us the justice and appeals of Varzim

943: 625:

established as the south limit. Various hints indicate a Norse settlement in Villa Euracini after those invasions came to an end. During the

3786: 3336: 669:, after his conquest of the Aguiar de Sousa Castle in 995, the Christian realms suffered a setback and a new border with the short-lived 456:

populations established themselves in the region. City quarters and former hamlets around Villa Euracini suggest Germanic naming, such as

3478: 1901:

In the early 2000s, the city started to expand inland to the suburban areas, with a new large avenue, the Avenida 25 de Abril, and the

546:, looted all the coast reaching the south of the peninsula, then under Moorish rule, they returned north and vanished after passing by 3326: 942:

In 1312, King Denis donated the town to his bastard son, Afonso Sanches, Lord of Albuquerque, who included it in the patrimony of the

3150:

Movimentos Pendulares e Organização do Território Metropolitano: Área Metropolitana de Lisboa e Área Metropolitana do Porto 1991-2001

1487:

province and wealthy Portuguese-Brazilians, the city took a cosmopolitan character, leading to the affirmation of the bourgeoisie in

3550: 3346: 3278: 1038: 3615: 3376: 3341: 3321: 297: 203: 2937:

Projecto para a Construção de Pavilhões na Praia da Póvoa (Maio a Junho de 1924) - Arquivo Municipal da Póvoa de Varzim (2008)

2806:

As Procissões na Póvoa de Varzim (1900–1950). Volume 1 - Deolinda Carneiro, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. 2006

1703: 792:

One of the great-grandsons of the later Guterre Pelayo, Lourenço Fernandes da Cunha was one of the knights that in 1176, with

245:. Cultural influences arrived from inland Iberian Peninsula, beyond the ones proceeding from the Mediterranean through trade. 2466: 2438: 1483:

Since the 19th century, the touristic activity became even more significant especially among the wealthiest classes from the

3251: 3212:

PORDATA, População residente, estimativas a 31 de Dezembro, Fontes de Dados: INE - Estimativas Anuais da População Residente

3057: 1891: 1813: 1488: 1391:" In 1789, there were 1340 fishermen. Póvoa had 900 houses, mostly of fishermen and the few remaining were mechanical jobs. 1134: 2099: 3427: 3331: 3316: 2695: 1298: 60: 1550:

arrived in Póvoa on April 18, 1849, coming from Italy with other four important people, coming in exile after losing the

1318:

View of the sheltered bay and the Fisher quarter in c.1836 with the Lapa Lighthouse and church visible in the background.

3732: 3458: 3029:

As Procissões na Póvoa de Varzim (1900–1950). Volume 1 - Deolinda Carneiro, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto

1902: 1125:

In the 16th century registries, the year 1559 represented a peak in seafarers deaths. Most occurred in the Route of the

507: 2921: 2949: 1555: 805: 3921: 3600: 3271: 1975: 1620: 3006:

NOBRE, Augusto – Rocha Peixoto. Jornal Rocha Peixoto: Homenagem, Número único. Póvoa de Varzim (17 Junho 1923), p.4.

1395: 3848: 3646: 3468: 2265: 1843: 1687: 1659: 1547: 1425: 1009:(listener) to confirm the Povoan judge, to judge the appeals, and taking the customs taxes, but only wanted 4$ 000 743: 117:, which are the oldest monuments found in the municipality. The necropolis, with seven tumuli, dated to end of the 29: 2122: 2037: 1652: 1265:

In medieval documents, preserved by the Monastery of Vairão, it was stated that Varzim stretched from the sea to

1242:

and the Old Town of Póvoa de Varzim. As such, Póvoa de Varzim considered that its territory was that of medieval

602:

The Normans attacked again in 984, 1016, 1018 and 1050. Various chronicles and documents suggest an incursion in

3432: 938:

The abbesses of Santa Clara Monastery taxed Póvoa between 1319 and 1514 and tense relations with the town arose.

3766: 1471: 977:

Ancient map of the towns of Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde. The Port of Póvoa de Varzim is also represented.

731: 179:

The city had some urbanization stages: during the first centuries, the small habitations were constructed with

3700: 3524: 1640: 1957: 3781: 3519: 1867: 1551: 1217:

Ribeira shipyard in the Port of Póvoa de Varzim, was where the shipbuilding and fisher activities developed.

990: 670: 970:». Póvoa was then in the jurisdictional dependency of the monastery, excepting in the appealing processes. 700: 542:

The first Norman incursion occurred in 844 by a group of Danish Vikings, who after being defeated near the

3771: 2851:

Castelos Medievais do Noroeste de Portugal, Finis Terrae. Estudios en Lembranza do Prof. Dr. Alberto Balil

2683: 1723: 910:), giving the royal land to 54 families of Varzim;. these had to establish a medieval settlement known as 861: 751: 575: 3015:

GONÇALVES, Flávio – Rocha Peixoto: depoimentos e manuscritos. Matosinhos: Câmara Municipal, 1966, p35-36.

2836:

Castelologia Medieval de Entre-Douro-e-Minho. Desde as Origens a 1220, diss. complementar de doutoramento

2415: 1785:

in front of the city hall. This battalion was prepared and gathered in Póvoa de Varzim Military Barracks.

506:

The Suebic kingdom of Gallaecia was incorporated as a province into the Visigothic one in 585. After the

3605: 3514: 3099: 1863: 1847: 1751: 1338:

In the beginning of the 18th century, there is a decline in the Ribeira shipyard activities, due to the

1282: 982: 934: 857: 372: 3874: 1512: 1213: 607: 415:

A legendary foundation of Póvoa de Varzim stated that the town was established by a Roman consul named

334: 3895: 3884: 3720: 1595: 1045:, a symbol of the discoveries. In 1537, Póvoa de Varzim was incorporated in the Crown, and grouped in 3879: 3796: 3741: 3710: 3671: 3509: 1344: 1274: 1254: 1075: 1025: 1014: 999: 793: 782: 763: 755: 674: 571: 199: 134: 126: 20:

Old Town of Varzim, probable site of a Roman villa which prompted the development of the modern city.

3776: 2384: 2239: 1735: 614: 261: 3889: 3715: 3705: 3651: 3463: 3396: 1636: 1583: 1484: 1429: 1399: 1301:, and Gândara and the demarcation of the House of Braganza was considered invalid for these areas. 1258: 1002:

that no powerful person could enter in the neighboring towns of Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde.

845: 833: 759: 712: 678: 603: 519: 393: 387: 150: 138: 3685: 2838:(in Portuguese). Porto: policopiada, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. pp. 25–27. 1858: 952:

Our villas and hamlets that are known as Povoa de Varzim, and all our large farms of Touginha and

3822: 3666: 3590: 3473: 2858: 2773: 1971: 1828: 1579: 1508: 1227: 994: 515: 511: 437: 99: 3568: 3417: 3361: 3294: 1953: 1942: 1778: 1403: 865: 689: 523: 51: 41: 3838: 2764: 1862:

Póvoa de Varzim was in the news around the world due to renewable energy projects, such as the

1648: 1539:". In 1876, it was estimated that the town's waters attracted from 24 to 30 thousand visitors. 1363: 1330: 621:

was killed. In Póvoa de Varzim their incursions went from the coast to the Este River, and the

432: 155: 3832: 3736: 3580: 3545: 3534: 3437: 2280: 2137: 1983: 1916: 1707: 1599:

Coat of Arms of Póvoa de Varzim with the anchor representing safety at sea as the main symbol.

1476: 1322: 1190: 993:

confirmed the charters, privileges and uses of Póvoa de Varzim. These were again confirmed by

901: 881: 598:

Capital depicting warriors in the monastic church of Rio Mau (1151) in the Lordship of Varzim.

580: 543: 409: 173: 160: 1644: 1499:

Póvoa was not just known as a beach resort, but also for heated saltwater public baths, the "

3827: 3630: 3574: 3530: 2653: 1964: 1927: 1822: 1805: 1421: 1376: 1202: 1146: 747: 386:

Aqualata, A Roman mining complex, was created at the steps of São Félix Hill, just north of

376: 211: 198:

Castro culture jewelry. Villa Mendo Treasure, similar to another one found in a clay pot in

194: 169: 1762: 1078:

the Povoan shipmaking art was already renowned, and Povoan carpenters were sought after by

889:

him unfairly. In this way, Gomes and his descendants, who are part of the honor of Varzim (

24: 3842: 3812: 3661: 3625: 3503: 3422: 3401: 3255: 3045: 2956: 2788: 2684:

Estudos de Cronologia: Os mais antigos documentos escritos em português - Instituto Camões

2106: 1934: 1571: 1416: 1353: 1207: 1057: 1042: 1010: 705: 489: 368: 665:

Arriving from the south, in 997, the region was probably sacked by the Moorish troops of

1352:. The fish that supplied the national market was, since the 16th century, imported from 1193:

due to the town's borders. During this period there was a relevant urban expansion: the

1061:

The popularity of Madre de Deus Chapel was used to recruit men for seafaring activities.

71:

in 1308 and to become, in the 18th century, the main fishing port in northern Portugal.

3817: 3725: 3620: 3594: 2568:"História de Portugal desde o começo da monarchia até ao fim do reinado de Affonso III" 1979: 1949: 1938: 1920: 1731: 1528: 1194: 1158: 1114:

from the Dutch. António Cardia, captain-major of the Portuguese armada, who recaptured

1107: 1091: 919: 841: 762:, Portugal. Ancient sources also claimed that Guterre Pelayo was the third grandson of 685: 551: 547: 289: 272:. Mars was identified with Cosus, the prominent pre-Roman god in coastal Castro region. 265: 223: 215: 36: 16: 2350:"O Norte de Portugal ente os séculos VIII e X: balanço e perspectivas de investigação" 408:. Remains of this necropolis were also found in the nearby area of Paredes, including 3910: 3853: 3745: 3690: 3681: 3656: 3499: 2541: 2323: 1727: 1386: 1266: 947: 778: 587:

in old Norse). They landed in a seaport named Juncariae and from there they went to

567: 130: 1817: 1739: 1578:

drafted, which included the invasion of Portugal using the corps of French Marshal

618: 449: 360: 339: 293: 122: 68: 2647: 2470: 2442: 444:

Christianized around the 4th or 5th century could show hints of the Suebic period.

110:, proving the strong attractiveness that the ocean played since very remote eras. 3163: 3124: 2492: 1106:

carrack of the Route of São Tomé, which became a warship in order to defend from

3761: 3676: 1782: 1339: 1130: 1018: 821:

The king took over the land, destroyed the properties and expelled the farmers.

626: 588: 285: 280:, the Romans became aware of the Castro region's rich deposits of gold and tin. 103: 76: 2699: 1870:. In the background, Póvoa de Varzim highrise district and the suburban sprawl. 1702:

In 1890, the return of the Jesuit power represented by the construction of the

1170:

by the fishermen and farmers. in the end of the century, gold is discovered in

824: 3695: 2072:

Subtus Montis Terroso — Património Arqueológico no Concelho da Póvoa de Varzim

1624: 1239: 1186: 1111: 1103: 1030: 922:. These were the customs rights that belonged to the King and substituted the 769:

According to documents from 1198, 1203, and 1206, Póvoa de Varzim, then named

704:

The old main Church, temple to the left, was built around the 11th century in

559: 355: 328: 311: 277: 269: 184: 107: 95: 3248: 1454:

wrecked in a storm and 105 fishermen were killed, just meters off the shore.

1118:

from the Dutch in 1624. One of the oldest streets in Póvoa bears the name of

3381: 2996:(in Portuguese). Livraria Editora de Mattos Moreira & Companhia, Lisbon. 2763:

Corografia portugueza e descripçam topografica do famoso reyno de Portugal.

1774: 1496:. It then became the most popular holiday destination in Northern Portugal, 1154: 622: 617:

suffered a bloody assault, by Norman pirates, in which the Portuguese count

594: 405: 281: 219: 188: 118: 92: 1698: 1249: 742:, the ancient book of nobility compiled by 1270, he got from the count the 684:

In the frontline against the Moorish-dominated lands were the lordships of

534: 63:

and economy, through maritime trade and fishing, leading it to establish a

2768:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Off. de Valentim da Costa Deslandes. p. 409. 973: 346:

Around Villa Euracini's natural harbors, the fish industry developed. The

3858: 3540: 3263: 2302:

Investigação da Etymologia ou Proveniência dos Nomes das Nossas Povoações

1607:) that were bounded to Barcelos, and from then on became civil parishes ( 1575: 1493: 1445:

Late 19th century was tragic for Povoan fishermen due to over-fishing by

1142: 1138: 1126: 666: 574:

between 924 and around 950. The countess ordered the construction of the

500: 481: 324: 230: 3070:"Identidade humana e do território explicadas por António Leite Ramalho" 1197:

with the town hall and the Madre Deus Chapel, the area of the old town (

566:

Póvoa de Varzim was first mentioned on March 26, 953 during the rule of

3249:

INE, Plataforma de Divulgação dos Census 2021 | Resultados Preliminares

1821:

state were often seen in the historical Ourivesaria Gomes Goldsmith in

1632: 1616: 1380: 1034: 961: 957: 797: 774: 727: 473: 401: 364: 242: 238: 64: 1314: 1201:) where the Main church was located and the fishermen neighborhood of 880:

Lourenço was Gomes Lourenço, very influential knight and godfather of

538:

Boat identified as Norman sculpted in the church of Rio Mau Monastery.

292:

north of the river Douro. His murder in 138 BC opened the way for the

1730:, and the population sheltered and organized the flee to Spain, in a 1710:

in Africa created a republican sentiment amongst local intellectuals.

1663: 1628: 1226:

The town limit between the town of Póvoa de Varzim and the county of

1171: 1079: 965: 953: 555: 457: 307: 191:

settlers in the Atlantic Coast during the 8th and 7th centuries B.C.

114: 80: 1523:

opened in Rua Tenente Valadim, near the present-day Casino, and the

606:

in 1008, which may have provoked the death of the Portuguese count,

1898:

government investment program, the PIDDAC, which provoked outrage.

1797:) drafted in 1920 was a reference for early 20th century Portugal. 1233:

The town limit exception became an issue when Póvoa was annexed to

1804: 1773: 1761: 1697: 1594: 1559: 1470: 1446: 1362: 1349: 1212: 1115: 1087: 972: 933: 906: 823: 786: 711: 699: 593: 533: 453: 441: 431: 351: 333: 301: 234: 193: 180: 154: 1839:(Urbanization Pre-plan) was approved by the national government. 1402:, restructured the urbanization of Póvoa de Varzim, creating the 1082:'s Ribeira das Naus shipyard due to their high technical skills. 323:

abandonment of the hill started as the region was pacified under

2469:(in Portuguese). Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo. Archived from 2324:"Fortificações e Povoamento no Norte de Portugal (Séc. IX a XI)" 1651:, and what remained from the parish of Argivai. It also annexed 1150: 860:, and while the king was disputing the throne with his brother, 688:(bordering the Lordship of Varzim across the Ave river), Sousa, 202:

from probable funerary ritual. Replica, depository of original:

102:, around 200,000 BC. The earliest artifacts, dating to the 3267: 2100:

Autarcia e Comércio em Bracara Augusta no período Alto-Imperial

840:(one fish for each boat). Those who were not fishermen, gave 2 726:

In the 11th century, Guterre Pelayo, said to have been born in

3164:"Plano de Urbanização da Póvoa de Varzim em discussão pública" 844:

to the king once a year. Knights Varzim had properties of the

2516:"Portugal no Reino de Leon. Etapas de Uma Relação (866-1179)" 1174:, which led to an increase in emigration to these new lands. 1149:, most deaths were concentrated in the West Indies, Seville, 3039:

Emília Nóvoa Faria proferiu conferência no Arquivo Municipal

2630:

Póvoa de Varzim - Monografia e Materiais para a sua história

1543:

in all regards, far superior to many cities in the kingdom.

1373:

Memorias economicas da Academia real das sciencias de Lisboa

1816:

appreciated Póvoa de Varzim and its people. He popularized

1479:, one of the several gambling venues in 19th-century Póvoa. 808:, he stated he had two palaces for his sons and grandsons. 331:. In time, Villa Euracini would evolve to Póvoa de Varzim. 145:

Castro culture urbanization and maritime trade 900–138 B.C.

3235: 3223: 3211: 2853:(in Portuguese). Santiago de Compostela. pp. 382–383. 2698:(in Portuguese). Portal da Póvoa de Varzim. Archived from 2649:

Memorias historicas e genealogicas dos grandes de Portugal

2089:(in Portuguese). Museu Arqueológico da Citânia de Sanfins. 1537:

When the tide is low, wash your sore and it will be healed

229:

The population worked in agriculture, fishing, gathering,

2765:

Tomo I, Tratado IV, Cap. XV "Da Villa da Povoa de Varzim"

2352:(in Portuguese). Archaeology Unit of the Minho University 717:

the Romano-Gothic arch is preserved in the city's museum.

2652:. Regia Officina Sylviana, e da Academia Real. pp. 2304:(in Portuguese). Typographia Mendonça (A Vapor), Porto. 2164:

Triumph in Defeat: Military Loss and the Roman Republic

1801:

Estado Novo: Povoans as a stereotype for the Portuguese

1145:. At the turn of the 17th century, with the union with 1133:. Other routes common to the Povoan seafarers included 350:, a Roman fish factory was built for the production of 252:

Roman conquest and Establishment of Varzim 138 B.C.–411

2542:"A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa no Contexto Peninsular" 2070:

Flores Gomes, José Manuel; Carneiro, Deolinda (2005).

2962:— CMPV, Departamento de Gestão Urbanística e Ambiente 2567: 1558:, who would later become the first king of a unified 583:(Gudrød), considered by them as the King of the Sea ( 98:

suggest Póvoa de Varzim has been inhabited since the

2950:

Relatório do Plano de Urbanização da Póvoa de Varzim

2242:(in Portuguese). Mais Barcelos.pt O Municipio Online 3867: 3805: 3754: 3639: 3559: 3451: 3410: 3369: 3304: 2383:. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Archived from 1694:

Early republicanism and restoration of the monarchy

1094:square, that the population saw as the urban area. 314:behavior, highlight the barbarity of the conquest. 2823:. Na Linha do horizonte - Biblioteca Poveira CMPV. 2750:. Na Linha do horizonte - Biblioteca Poveira CMPV. 2632:. Na Linha do horizonte - Biblioteca Poveira CMPV. 2521:. Centro de Estudios e Investigación «San Isidoro» 2439:"Las Incursiones Vikingas en la Península Ibérica" 2228:. Na Linha do horizonte - Biblioteca Poveira CMPV. 2026:. Na Linha do horizonte - Biblioteca Poveira CMPV. 1888:Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e de Gestão 1334:Fishermen's living conditions. circa 1900 to 1915. 1049:, a shire, getting with this event full autonomy. 300:advanced into the Castro region from south of the 1754:. The insurgency lasted until February 13, 1919. 777:with a territory extending from the coast to the 428:Germanic settlements and the arrival of the Moors 3058:Breve História dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses 2441:. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Archived from 816:Sancho, as king of Portugal, disliked the power 2987: 2985: 2329:(in Portuguese). Portugalia Nova Série, Vol XXV 1533:When the tide is low, take a bath and go to bed 1222:Territorial disputes with the House of Braganza 661:Clash of civilizations and the border lordships 2884:. Academia real das sciencias de Lisboa. 1812. 2814: 2812: 2547:. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto 1770:in 1909 - the Marquês de Pombal market square. 1682:, honoring the landing of Liberal forces (the 3279: 3162:Ângelo Teixeira Marques (December 11, 2002). 1854:Decadence and contemporary Póvoa 1974–present 754:, the Emperor in Gallaecia and reigning from 8: 3188:Politécnico do Porto cria duas novas escolas 2914:"Missa para lembrar tragédia no mar poveiro" 2849:ALMEIDA, Carlos Alberto Ferreira de (1992). 2834:ALMEIDA, Carlos Alberto Ferreira de (1978). 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 1758:The coming of the railroads and new highways 804:(Knights' Varzim), that was the core of the 423:Barbarian, Moor and Norse invasions 411–1033 2893: 2891: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 1837:Anteplano de Urbanização da Póvoa de Varzim 1809:Avenida dos Banhos in the mid-20th century. 1781:in 1916. Portuguese military embarking for 1261:was fully rebuilt due to privateer attacks. 3286: 3272: 3264: 2863:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2641: 2639: 2406: 2404: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2087:A Cultura Castreja no Noroeste de Portugal 2085:Ferreira da Silva; Armando Coelho (1986). 1886:The city's first higher education school, 1398:, by the royal provision of 1791 by Queen 904:granted a charter (known in Portugal as a 2979:(2004), vol. 16, pp. 10683-10684, Durclub 2461: 2459: 2175: 2173: 2157: 2155: 2153: 1161:, were open to the Portuguese merchants. 396:, a religious site, is the ancient Roman 129:, all have been broken, and three around 2371: 2369: 2367: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1915:History of Gambling in Póvoa de Varzim: 1857: 1463:Healing baths, gambling and high-culture 1329: 1321: 1313: 1248: 1056: 260: 35: 23: 15: 3130:. Diário da República. February 1, 1996 3119: 3117: 3025: 3023: 3021: 2933: 2931: 2378:"Viking raids on the spanish peninsula" 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 1999: 1926:History of Theater in Póvoa de Varzim: 2945: 2943: 2876: 2874: 2856: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2782: 2771: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2514:Marques da Silva; Maria Joã o (1993). 2285:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2278: 2142:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2135: 1503:". the first public bath of Póvoa was 1310:Preeminent fishermen and urban renewal 950:. Afonso Sanches stated that he gave « 946:in 1318, which he had just founded in 288:troops, hindered the expansion of the 187:, brought to the Iberian Peninsula by 87:Stone Age settlers Prehistory–900 B.C. 3489:Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 3098:(in Portuguese). CMPV. Archived from 3072:(in Portuguese). CMPV. Archived from 2414:(in Portuguese). CMPV. Archived from 1165:Shipbuilding boom and urban expansion 7: 1053:Shipbuilders and seafarers 1514–1707 696:Feudalism and municipalism 1033–1318 2912:Azevedo, José (February 27, 2006). 2761:Costa, António Carvalho da (1706). 1432:was inestimable. It was said that " 1305:The golden age of fishing 1707–1892 893:), went to the seaport and got the 2646:Caetano de Sousa, António (1755). 1970:Historic touristic thoroughfares: 1554:and abdicated in favor of his son 1367:City Hall in the mid-19th century. 14: 2748:Sete Séculos na Vida dos Poveiros 2184:(in Portuguese). Póvoa de Varzim. 1591:The territorial expansion of 1836 1475:Former Luso-Brazileiro saloon in 1043:armillary sphere of King Manuel I 773:(Town of Varzim), was a powerful 3360: 2467:"Mosteiro do Salvador de Vairão" 2300:Ferreira, Pedro Augusto (1915). 2038:"Portal do Arqueólogo - Laundos" 1441:Late 19th century fishing crisis 296:. Over the following two years, 44:, the civic center, around 1919. 3917:Histories of cities in Portugal 3601:Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque 3200:Verbas do PIDDAC causam revolta 3125:"Diário da República-I Série-B" 2920:(in Portuguese). Archived from 2901:. Castro Irmão & C.ª. 1868. 2696:"A História da Póvoa de Varzim" 2628:Baptista de Lima, João (2008). 1976:Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque 1875:centre for neighbouring towns. 1726:in Africa, with the actions of 67:in the 10th or 11th century, a 3387:Ethnography and History Museum 2821:Poveirinhos pela Graça de Deus 2022:Amorim, Sandra Araújo (2004). 1956:(Enlightenment-19th century), 1293:In 1707, by royal decree, the 383:, and ceramics also surfaced. 1: 3484:Church of Our Lady of Sorrows 2977:Grande Enciclopédia Universal 2182:A Póvoa de Varzim, 2.ª edição 1945:(Enlightenment-Contemporary); 1941:(Medieval-Age of Discovery), 1793:The local urbanization plan ( 1655:township, which was extinct. 1587:the Anglo-Portuguese forces. 1574:and under the grand strategy 1066:Famed shipbuilders and seamen 1037:, and involved itself in the 436:11th/12th century art in the 268:dedicated to the popular god 257:Resistance and Roman conquest 2899:Archivo pittoresco Volume XI 2412:"Freguesia: Póvoa de Varzim" 2024:Vencer o Mar, Ganhar a Terra 1910:Historic streets and squares 1795:Plano Geral de Melhoramentos 508:Moorish conquest of Hispania 2495:(in Portuguese). Celtiberia 1892:Póvoa de Varzim City Center 1750:event that became known as 1584:fortress of Póvoa de Varzim 1489:Póvoa de Varzim City Center 1458:The Beautiful Era 1725–1974 1411:, an itinerant magistrate. 1271:subtus mons Civitas Terroso 1189:, and the dispute with the 1141:, the islands, Lisbon, and 210:The visits of Phoenicians, 3938: 3433:Póvoa de Varzim Music Hall 3428:Póvoa de Varzim Auditorium 2166:. Oxford University Press. 1548:Charles Albert of Sardinia 1326:Fishing boats in the port. 708:in the Old Town of Varzim. 338:Representation of a Roman 148: 3464:Castelo da Póvoa Fortress 3358: 2994:Portugal Antigo e Moderno 2819:Azevedo, José de (2008). 2746:Fangueiro, Óscar (2008). 2437:Jordán, Cristiana Arias. 2180:Barbosa, Viriato (1972). 2162:Jessica H. Clark (2014). 1890:, was founded in 1990 in 1704:Coração de Jesus Basilica 930:Monastic domain 1318–1514 172:dominion of the southern 106:, were found in Northern 3581:Largo David Alves Square 3411:Arts & entertainment 3096:"Eventos: Dia da Cidade" 2570:. Aillaud & Bertrand 2040:(in Portuguese). IGESPAR 1952:(Medieval-Renaissance), 1937:(Roman-early Medieval), 1690:and settled by Povoans. 872:Municipality established 812:Ravages and seized lands 740:Livro Velho de Linhagens 730:, come from France with 3849:Póvoa de Varzim Holiday 3647:Póvoa de Varzim beaches 3616:Praça Marquês de Pombal 3469:Port of Póvoa de Varzim 3382:Diana Bar Beach Library 3370:Libraries & museums 2224:Amorim, Manuel (2003). 1958:Praça Marquês de Pombal 1844:Port of Póvoa de Varzim 1688:Port of Póvoa de Varzim 30:Port of Póvoa de Varzim 3626:Largo das Dores Square 3520:Luísa Dacosta Windmill 2566:Herculano, Alexandre. 2322:Barroca, Mário Jorge. 2074:(in Portuguese). CMPV. 1933:Civic center History: 1871: 1810: 1786: 1771: 1724:1890 British Ultimatum 1711: 1600: 1480: 1368: 1335: 1327: 1319: 1262: 1218: 1062: 1041:. The pillory had the 1039:Portuguese discoveries 978: 944:Convent of Santa Clara 939: 829: 802:Veracim dos Cavaleyros 785:hills in the lands of 718: 709: 599: 539: 514:, a government in the 445: 440:. A 1st century Roman 373:salt evaporation ponds 367:to the north. Another 343: 273: 207: 164: 45: 33: 21: 3606:Avenida Vasco da Gama 3525:Grande Hotel da Póvoa 3443:Póvoa de Varzim Arena 3377:Rocha Peixoto Library 1864:Floating wind turbine 1861: 1848:Soft Portuguese style 1808: 1777: 1765: 1752:Monarchy of the North 1701: 1598: 1474: 1366: 1333: 1325: 1317: 1252: 1216: 1060: 976: 937: 858:Sancho II of Portugal 827: 715: 703: 597: 537: 448:With the fall of the 435: 337: 298:Decimus Junius Brutus 264: 197: 158: 40:The public garden of 39: 27: 19: 3772:Clube Naval Povoense 3510:Santa Clara Aqueduct 3202:- Jornal de Notícias 2971:"Póvoa de Varzim." ( 2418:on February 18, 2007 2376:Rolf Scheen (2006). 1868:Aguçadoura Wave Farm 1477:Largo do Café Chinês 1185:, the annexation of 856:During the reign of 671:Caliphate of Córdoba 572:Countess of Portugal 398:Auarius Promontorium 363:, to the south, and 79:exception and royal 3890:Francesinha poveira 3767:Desportivo da Póvoa 3640:Beaches & parks 3611:Avenida 25 de Abril 3397:Cividade de Terroso 3076:on January 16, 2014 2992:Pinho Leal (1876). 2882:Memorias economicas 1566:Napoleonic invasion 1511:, with entrance by 1485:Entre-Douro-e-Minho 1389:away from the town. 1279:subtus mons Lanudos 876:One of the sons of 846:Knights Hospitaller 779:Cividade de Terroso 738:. According to the 679:Bermudo III of Leon 604:Entre-Douro-e-Minho 520:Kingdom of Asturias 388:Cividade de Terroso 151:Cividade de Terroso 3823:Ala-Arriba! (film) 3591:Avenida dos Banhos 3586:Praça da República 3515:Coelheiro Aqueduct 3254:2021-10-05 at the 3044:2012-10-11 at the 2955:2007-09-27 at the 2924:on August 7, 2010. 2918:Jornal de Notícias 2240:"A Mina e a Lagoa" 2105:2015-10-06 at the 1988:Praça da República 1984:David Alves Square 1972:Avenida dos Banhos 1917:David Alves Square 1872: 1811: 1787: 1772: 1718:of Póvoa became a 1712: 1601: 1580:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 1525:Balneário Lusitano 1521:Balneário Povoense 1509:Avenida dos Banhos 1481: 1369: 1336: 1328: 1320: 1263: 1246:(Town of Varzim). 1219: 1195:Praça civic center 1063: 979: 940: 830: 722:Lordship of Varzim 719: 710: 600: 540: 522:), later known as 516:Kingdom of Galicia 512:County of Portugal 446: 438:Monastery of Rates 344: 318:Brutus settlements 274: 208: 165: 100:Lower Palaeolithic 46: 34: 22: 3904: 3903: 3875:Pescada à poveira 3833:Casa dos Poveiros 3787:Municipal Stadium 3737:Lagoa da Pedreira 3577:(shopping street) 3474:Romanesque Church 3392:Santa Casa Museum 2781:External link in 1963:Shopping street: 1708:British Ultimatum 1684:Bravos do Mindelo 1191:house of Braganza 891:honrra de Veracim 764:Fruela II of León 653:, and eventually 544:Tower of Hercules 174:Iberian Peninsula 3929: 3896:Rabanada poveira 3885:Feijoada poveira 3706:Cape Santo André 3652:Enseada da Póvoa 3631:Rua Santos Minho 3364: 3297: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3265: 3259: 3246: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3102:on June 20, 2006 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3066: 3060: 3055: 3049: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2989: 2980: 2969: 2963: 2947: 2938: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2878: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2807: 2804: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2769: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2743: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2658: 2657: 2643: 2634: 2633: 2625: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2473:on June 14, 2013 2463: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2382: 2373: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2319: 2306: 2305: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2284: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2264:. Archived from 2258: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2221: 2186: 2185: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2159: 2148: 2147: 2141: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2121:. Archived from 2115: 2109: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2067: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2019: 1965:Rua da Junqueira 1928:Rua Santos Minho 1823:Rua da Junqueira 1552:Battle of Novara 1507:which opened in 1452:lanchas poveiras 1377:Cape St. Vincent 1360:fisher quarter. 1259:Castelo da Póvoa 1255:age of gunpowder 1235:Comarca do Porto 1047:comarca do Porto 956:and the ones in 760:Póvoa de Lanhoso 576:Guimarães Castle 530:The Viking raids 394:Cape Santo André 161:Decumanus street 139:Cape Santo André 3937: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3922:Póvoa de Varzim 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3880:Arroz de marico 3863: 3837:Folk costumes ( 3813:Siglas poveiras 3801: 3797:Marina da Póvoa 3792:Póvoa Pavillion 3750: 3635: 3569:Praça do Almada 3561: 3560:Notable streets 3555: 3504:Farol de Regufe 3452:Other landmarks 3447: 3423:Garrett Theatre 3418:Casino da Póvoa 3406: 3402:Rates Ecomuseum 3365: 3356: 3300: 3296:Póvoa de Varzim 3295: 3292: 3262: 3256:Wayback Machine 3247: 3243: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3052: 3046:Wayback Machine 3037: 3033: 3028: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2990: 2983: 2970: 2966: 2960:(in Portuguese) 2957:Wayback Machine 2948: 2941: 2936: 2929: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2855: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2796: 2780: 2770: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2744: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2702:on July 4, 2007 2694: 2693: 2689: 2682: 2661: 2645: 2644: 2637: 2627: 2626: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540:Mattoso, José. 2539: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2493:"Barco Poveiro" 2491: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2448: 2446: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2402: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2309: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2262:"Archived copy" 2260: 2259: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2222: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2151: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2119:"Archived copy" 2117: 2116: 2112: 2107:Wayback Machine 2098: 2094: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2068: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2020: 2001: 1997: 1990:(early hotels). 1960:(contemporary); 1954:Praça do Almada 1948:Market square: 1943:Praça do Almada 1912: 1856: 1803: 1779:Praça do Almada 1760: 1696: 1609:paróquias civis 1593: 1572:Napoleonic Wars 1568: 1556:Victor Emmanuel 1513:Rua do Ramalhão 1465: 1460: 1443: 1417:Figueira da Foz 1394:The corregedor 1312: 1307: 1224: 1167: 1108:French corsairs 1068: 1055: 932: 874: 866:Praça do Almada 814: 756:São João de Rei 734:and became the 724: 698: 663: 608:Mendo Gonçalves 558:. According to 532: 524:Kingdom of León 430: 425: 369:fish processing 325:Caesar Augustus 320: 259: 254: 153: 147: 135:Mamoa de Sejães 91:Discoveries of 89: 61:popular culture 52:Póvoa de Varzim 42:Praça do Almada 12: 11: 5: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3909: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3782:Varzim Stadium 3779: 3777:Clube da Praia 3774: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3742:São Félix Hill 3739: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3595:Passeio Alegre 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3571:(civic center) 3565: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3535:Villa Myosótis 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3438:A Filantrópica 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3352:Notable people 3349: 3344: 3342:City districts 3339: 3337:Civil parishes 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3268: 3261: 3260: 3241: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3180: 3154: 3141: 3113: 3087: 3061: 3050: 3031: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2981: 2964: 2939: 2927: 2904: 2887: 2870: 2841: 2826: 2808: 2794: 2753: 2713: 2687: 2659: 2635: 2581: 2558: 2532: 2506: 2484: 2455: 2429: 2400: 2363: 2348:Fontes, Luís. 2340: 2307: 2292: 2253: 2231: 2226:A Póvoa Antiga 2187: 2169: 2149: 2110: 2092: 2077: 2051: 2029: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1980:Passeio Alegre 1968: 1961: 1946: 1931: 1924: 1921:Passeio Alegre 1911: 1908: 1855: 1852: 1802: 1799: 1759: 1756: 1736:Alves da Veiga 1695: 1692: 1592: 1589: 1567: 1564: 1529:Passeio Alegre 1501:Banhos Quentes 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1442: 1439: 1426:Trás-os-Montes 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1275:São Félix Hill 1244:Villa Euracini 1223: 1220: 1183:Foral de Sisas 1166: 1163: 1159:Gulf of Mexico 1157:, such as the 1067: 1064: 1054: 1051: 989:In 1367, King 931: 928: 873: 870: 813: 810: 744:port of Varzim 736:Lord of Varzim 723: 720: 697: 694: 662: 659: 615:Vermoim Castle 531: 528: 495:'horror' and 429: 426: 424: 421: 319: 316: 290:Roman Republic 258: 255: 253: 250: 224:Castro culture 200:São Félix Hill 149:Main article: 146: 143: 127:São Félix Hill 125:. Four around 88: 85: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3934: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3854:Anjo Festival 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3746:Cividade Hill 3743: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562:& squares 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3500:Farol da Lapa 3498:Lighthouses ( 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3479:Parish Church 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3165: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3126: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2973:in Portuguese 2968: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2852: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2775: 2767: 2766: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2569: 2562: 2559: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2445:on 2013-06-14 2444: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2390:on 2016-03-03 2386: 2379: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2351: 2344: 2341: 2325: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2268:on 2012-06-05 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2125:on 2012-06-05 2124: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728:Rocha Peixoto 1725: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:Outeiro Maior 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1448: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1332: 1324: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:Cividade Hill 1260: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1221: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1208:Lugar da Mata 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1173: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1026:King Manuel I 1022: 1020: 1016: 1015:King Manuel I 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 996: 992: 987: 984: 975: 971: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 949: 948:Vila do Conde 945: 936: 929: 927: 925: 921: 916: 913: 909: 908: 903: 898: 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Knowledge (XXG)

History of Póvoa de Varzim

Index