1529:
1468:
980:
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The paintings in the cave represent the various lives of the Buddha, but also are the best source we have of the daily life in India at the time. There are forty-eight caves making up Ajanta, most of which were carved out of the rock between 460 and 480, and they are filled with
Buddhist sculptures. The rock temple at Elephanta (near Bombay) contains a powerful, eighteen-foot statue of the three-headed Shiva, one of the principal Hindu gods. Each head represents one of Shiva's roles: that of creating, that of preserving, and that of destroying. The period also saw dynamic building of Hindu temples. All of these temples contain a hall and a tower.
1141:
737:
155:
1688:
1179:
698:
886:
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564:"But the Prasii surpass in power and glory every other people, not only in this quarter, but one may say in all India, their capital Palibothra, a very large and wealthy city, after which some call the people itself the Palibothri,--nay even the whole tract along the Ganges. Their king has in his pay a standing army of 600,000 foot-soldiers, 30,000 cavalry, and 9,000 elephants: whence may be formed some conjecture as to the vastness of his resources." Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8â23. 11.
1625:
1060:
193:
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717:. Poetry in the Gupta age tended towards a few genres: religious and meditative poetry, lyric poetry, narrative histories (the most popular of the secular works of literature), and drama. Kalidasa excelled at lyric poetry, but he is best known for his dramas. We have three of his plays; all of them are suffused with epic heroism, with comedy, and with erotics. The plays all involve misunderstanding and conflict, but they all end with unity, order, and resolution.
1708:
1297:
472:
1323:. The freedom fighter image of the early Congress leaders and their popularity among the commoners gave them swift access to power at the cost of the "Politics of social justice", which was to become the feature of Bihari electoral politics in the late 60s. The upper castes of Bihar were the power holders during the early decades under the banner of Congress party and their dominance in local government as well as administration was also evident.
1669:
3610:
1460:. He took several steps like strict enforcement of the quota system in government jobs and education for the social and economic development of the lower castes. Moreover, Yadav recruited the lower castes into administration and upper castes were sidelined which made them play the secondary role in the politics and administration of Bihar as they were moved to the subordinate position vis a vis the
266:
1577:
280:
104:
2570:
3620:
956:, about 160 km south-west of Patna and revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. On his return from one of the expeditions, while standing by the Ganges, he visualised a fort and a town. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, but the mosque built by Sher Shah in 1545 survives. It is built in Afghan architectural style. There are numerous tombs inside.
686:(320-335), the empire was revived in the north. Like Chandragupta Maurya, he first conquered Magadha, set up his capital where the Mauryan capital had stood (Patna), and from this base consolidated a kingdom over the eastern portion of northern India. In addition, Chandragupta revived many of Ashoka's principles of government. It was his son, however,
757:
He was also a great patron of culture. His capital city, Kanauj, extended for four or five miles along the Ganges River and was filled with magnificent buildings. Only one-fourth of the taxes he collected went to administration of the government. The remainder went to charity, rewards, and especially to culture: art, literature, music, and religion
1467:
1528:
729:. However, by 480 they conquered large parts of Northwestern India. Western India was overrun by 500, and the last of the Gupta kings, presiding over a vastly diminished kingdom, perished in 550. However, the Huns were soon defeated by Yasovarman and later Baladitya, scion of the Guptas. A strange thing happened to the
1505:
position dominated in the erstwhile period by the upper castes. According to Arun Sinha, the three "upper backward" castes were at the fore in improving their socio-political condition and were putting stiff resistance to the efforts of "upper castes" to dominate once again. But the growing differences between
709:
This period is regarded as the golden age of Indian culture. The high points of this cultural creativity are magnificent and creative architecture, sculpture, and painting. The wall-paintings of Ajanta Cave in the central Deccan are considered among the greatest and most powerful works of Indian art.
486:
Early
Mauryan Pataliputra was mostly built with wooden structures. The wooden buildings and palaces rose to several stories and were surrounded by parks and ponds. Another distinctive feature of the city was the drainage system. Water course from every street drained into a moat which functioned both
1504:
Lalu Prasad's was successful in giving voice to marginalized, but the upper caste, who were deliberately sidelined, became his strong critic and a series of violent clashes began in the countryside between upper caste who tried to assume power again and the backwards who were vying for the power and
1360:
and "Triveni Sangh" in its manifesto promised to defend their honour. The movement thus worked for reconciliation of lower castes but failed miserably due to competition from superior organisational structure of the
Congress's "Backward class federation" and internal disputes between the leaders of
756:
Harsha, who was a successor of the Guptas, quickly moved to reestablish an Indian empire. From 606 to 647, he ruled over an empire in northern India. Harsha was perhaps one of the greatest conquerors of Indian history, and unlike all of his conquering predecessors, he was a brilliant administrator.
1428:
The successors of
Karpuri Thakur were weak as in a short period of time a number of Chief Minister came but none of them was able to complete the tenure of 5 years. Until then only Sri Krishna Sinha had remained successful in holding Premiership for a period of more than 5 years. Further caste and
673:
to secure the borders of India. During this period, the most powerful kingdoms were not in the north, but in the Deccan to the south, particularly in the west. The north, however, remained culturally the most active, where
Buddhism was spreading and where Hinduism was being gradually remade by the
173:
From that time, the city has had a continuous history, a record claimed by few cities in the world. During its history and existence of more than two millennia, Patna has been known by different names: Pataligram, Pataliputra, Palibothra, Kusumpur, Pushpapura, Azimabad, and the present-day Patna.
1374:
The naxal attacks and the eagerness of lower castes to rise up in the socio-economic ladder and the opposition from the upper castes further culminated into the formation of caste-based "private armies" in Bihar. While most of these were formed by upper castes primarily the members of Rajput and
760:
Because of extensive trade, the culture of India became the dominant culture around the Bay of Bengal, profoundly and deeply influencing the cultures of Burma, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka. In many ways, the period during and following the Gupta dynasty was the period of "Greater India", a period of
1499:
If any (class/caste) could compete with the upper castes in terms of the social, economic, and political muscle, it was these three upper backward castesâYadavs, Kurmis, and Koeris. The social coalition of the 1980s was much more politically oiled than the coalition of 1930, during the days of
1545:
deteriorated due to multiple factors one of them being tussle between upper and the lower castes. He took energetic steps to contain criminal turned politicians and many of the erstwhile strongmen were put behind the bars. Among those who were booked also included members of his own party.
423:
invaded India. The soldiers of
Alexander were not in the favour of facing the Magadhan army which included elephants and a large number of foot soldiers besides cavalry and chariots. Hence, they departed without a face-off though they had already ravaged almost entire western India.
1037:
The
British started with a factory in Patna in 1620 for the purchase and storage of calico and silk. Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre, urging other EuropeansâFrench, Danes, Dutch and Portugueseâto compete in the lucrative business. Various European factories and
1034:, but in time the city was taken over by the Jagirdars who then became the self-declared Nawabs. The Nawabs of Bengal levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade.
674:
Upanishadic movements, which are discussed in more detail in the section on religious history. The dream, however, of a universal empire had not disappeared. It would be realized by a northern kingdom and would usher in one of the most creative periods in Indian history.
724:
The Guptas soon faced a wave of migrations by the Huns, a people who originally lived north of China. The Hun migrations would push all the way to the doors of Rome. Beginning in the 400's, the Huns began to put pressure on the Guptas. They were initially defeated by
694:(376-415), who extended the kingdom into an empire over the whole of the north and the western Deccan. Chandragupta II was the greatest of the Gupta kings; called Vikramaditya ("The Sun of Power"), he presided over the greatest cultural age in Classical India.
967:
came to Patna in 1574 to crush the Afghan Chief Daud Khan. Akbar's
Secretary of State and author of Ain-i-Akbari refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of
720:
The Guptas tended to allow kings to remain as vassal kings; unlike the
Mauryas, they did not consolidate every kingdom into a single administrative unit. This would be the model for later Mughal rule and British rule built on the Mughal paradigm.
33:, India, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world and the history of Patna spans at least three millennia. Patna has the distinction of being associated with the two most ancient religions of the world, namely,
526:
761:
cultural activity in India and surrounding countries building on the base of Indian culture. This medieval flowering of Indian culture would radically change course in the Indian Middle Ages. From the north came
1351:
political party by the three important backward castes of Bihar. The "Triveni Sangh" was formed not only to act as a power broker for the backward castes but also for ensuring the rights of the lower castes and
1540:
Nitish was initially unsuccessful in breaking the effect of
Narcissistic personality of Lalu Prasad on the backwards. But he successfully ascended to the power after law and order situation in the tenure of
959:
The earliest mosque in Patna is dated 1489 and is built by Alauddin Hussani Shah, one of the Bengal rulers. Local people call it the Begu Hajjam's mosque in honour of a barber who got it repaired in 1646.
1243:
and the Old Secretariat, bear pseudo-Renaissance influence. Some say, the experience gained in building the new capital area of Patna proved very useful in building the imperial capital of New Delhi.
1595:
1330:, the most educated class, who had a significant presence in the local administration and government, were the first community to form their own caste organisation. Later other upper castes like
1464:. The upper caste now turned to violence which was welcomed by the retaliatory action of the backwards. A series of caste-based and politically motivated murders took place during this period.
1624:
2233:
3187:
882:, about 120 km from Patna. Patna, which had already lost its stature as the political centre of India, lost its prestige as the educational and cultural center of India as well.
178:
passed through this place in the last year of his life, and he had prophesied a great future for this place, but at the same time, he predicted its ruin from flood, fire, and feud.
1262:
Medical College and the Patna Veterinary College. With government patronage, the Biharis quickly seized the opportunity to make these centres flourish quickly and attain renown.
3107:
1371:
in the rural Bihar and the Ekwaari region, the birthplace of "Triveni Sangh" which became the cockpit of struggle between landed upper castes and the landless lower castes.
2480:
3656:
3197:
979:
215:. It may be indicative of the location of this place on the confluence of four rivers, which functioned as a port. It is also believed that the city derived its name from
1687:
1398:
In the sphere of politics the power struggle between upper and lower castes came to end when in 1967 riding on the wave of defining slogan of social justice, castes like
1707:
1668:
1414:, the issues of quota in government jobs were given a boost making it possible for lower castes to break the monopoly of upper castes in administration and pedagogy.
1166:
During the rule of the British East India Company in Bihar, Patna emerged as one of the most important commercial and trading centers of East India, preceded only by
3132:
491:, Pataliputra of the period of Chandragupta, was "surrounded by a wooden wall pierced by 64 gates and 570 towersâ (and) surpassed the splendors of contemporaneous
3137:
3037:
1189:
Under the British Raj, Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged as an important and strategic centre of learning and trade in India. When the
1342:
from the administration as well as governance. The politics of Backward castes was at ebb during those times and Congress was invincible as a political party.
2837:
3060:
3042:
916:
was dotted with Buddhist vihara, which were the abodes of Buddhist monks in the ancient and medieval period. The town still exists and is called Bihar or
3077:
2748:
2204:
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2053:. University of Akron. Department of Geography & Planning, Association of American Geographers: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 393â404.
1361:
the three backward castes who were pivotal in its formation. But, apart from the ballot box, it was successful in eliminating the practices like "
1983:
BakhtyÄr led his army a second time in the direction of Bihar in the year following the sack of the fortified monastery of that name. This year,
1649:
3649:
1722:
1114:(right to collect revenue), that is, the right to administer the collection and management of revenues of the province of Bengal, and parts of
2449:
3240:
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2273:
2181:
2147:
2095:
2058:
1892:
1857:
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1791:
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of this era of development. Credit for designing the massive and majestic buildings of colonial Patna goes to the architect, J. F. Munnings.
1949:
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3499:
3484:
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3451:
3285:
3177:
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period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi. The most remarkable period of these times was under Sher Shah or
1018:
acceded to the request of his favourite grandson Prince Muhamad Azim to rename Patna as Azimabad, in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the
3559:
3489:
3474:
3225:
3182:
3142:
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1898:
665:, India once again became a collection of unfederated kingdoms, though most of the core Magadha territories remained in control of the
3215:
3027:
792:, taking the title of "Uttarpatheshwar" i.e. "Lord of the North". However, his advances down South were kept in check by the powerful
1924:
3642:
3479:
3117:
3055:
2425:
2008:
733:
in India as well as in Europe. Over the decades they gradually assimilated into the indigenous population and their state weakened.
1525:. The upper caste also supported Nitish in order to project him as a challenge to the growing dominance of Yadavs and Lalu Prasad.
2261:
736:
3097:
2799:
448:(321 BC-185 BCE), Patna, then called Pataliputra became the seat of power and nerve center of the Indian subcontinent. From
3308:
3092:
2976:
2966:
2549:
1087:
432:
was not popular among his subjects and he is described as cruel in various contemporary works. The Nandas were followed by the
30:
3047:
1825:
During the period of the Nanda Dynasty, the Hindu, Buddha and Jain religions had under their sway the population of the Empire
3172:
2941:
2506:
2415:
3623:
3167:
2028:
1576:
3768:
1999:
Wilfred Cantwell Smith (2000). "Lower-class Uprisings in the Mughal Empire". In Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Muzaffar Alam (ed.).
889:
351:
several times. Ajatashatru is thought to have ruled from 491 to 461 BCE and moved his capital of the Magadha kingdom from
154:
549:, who visited India sometime around 399-414 CE, has given a vivid description of the stone structures in his travelogue.
1277:
1255:
89:
999:. The rebellious population took control of the town for a week before being defeated and executed by the Mughal army.
3370:
2956:
2920:
2714:
900:
Foreign invaders often used abandoned viharas and temples as military cantonments. They set up their headquarters in
777:
With the disintegration of the Gupta empire and continuous invasions of the Indian subcontinent by foreign armies of
632:
It is believed that Pataliputra was the largest city in the world between 300 and 195 BCE, taking that position from
331:
was responsible for expanding the boundaries of his kingdom through matrimonial alliances and conquest. The land of
1356:. According to Ashwani Kumar, the Dalit women were vulnerable to rapes and assaults particularly by the upper caste
568:
Learning and scholarship received great state patronage. Pataliputra produced several eminent world-class scholars.
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3406:
3235:
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2897:
2857:
2709:
1562:
1240:
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The Battle of Buxar, which was fought hardly 115 km from Patna, heralded the establishment of the rule of the
557:
73:
3789:
3529:
3360:
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3230:
2892:
2354:
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1194:
3220:
3207:
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1312:
697:
85:
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3007:
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as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of
618:
syntax used to describe modern programming languages have significant similarities to PÄášini's grammar rules.
84:, as well as several other educational institutions, were established. Patna was one of the nerve centers of
3102:
2971:
2925:
1442:
1430:
1193:
was partitioned in 1912 to carve out a separate province, Patna was made the capital of the new province of
148:
1212:
To this day, locals call the old area as the City whereas the new area is called the New Capital Area. The
1003:
3162:
1845:
1554:
885:
581:, the famous astronomer and mathematician who gave the approximation of Pi correct to four decimal places.
464:. Chandragupta established a strong centralized state with a complex administration under the tutelage of
343:(491-461 BCE) who then became his successor, and under whose rule the dynasty reached its largest extent.
226:
Patali is the name of the trumpet flower. A very few ascribes the origin of Patna to a mythological king,
161:
undertaking extreme ascetic practices before his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, on the bank of river
2266:
Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after Liberalization
1456:. Yadav was a strong critic of upper caste hegemony and was a proponent of the cause of lower castes and
3698:
3688:
3192:
2753:
2668:
1417:
1316:
1251:
1202:
812:
1197:. The city limits were stretched westwards to accommodate the administrative base, and the township of
615:
3753:
3713:
3683:
3678:
3365:
3152:
2822:
1558:
1461:
1449:, Maoists slaughtered an entire village of Rajputs in which 42 people were killed while others fled.
1185:, established in established 1863, is the oldest surviving institution of higher education in Bihar.
3703:
3595:
3519:
3416:
3380:
3260:
3002:
2997:
2887:
2704:
2683:
2678:
2618:
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2457:
1550:
1488:
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ruled over the city of Patna. Patna was the most important city in the eastern part of India after
804:
519:
453:
420:
2507:"Bihar Assembly Election Results 2015 Live Updates: Grand Alliance bags 180 seats, BJP led NDA 59"
192:
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3728:
3693:
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2817:
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1946:
1678:
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party for decades. The leaders associated with Congress in the initial days of independence were
1201:
took shape along the Bailey Road (originally spelt as Bayley Road, after the first Lt. Governor,
893:
662:
390:
348:
144:
1495:
which is said to have strengthened primarily the "upper backwards". According to Sanjay Kumar:
1059:
107:
The view of Patna Junction, featuring the culture of Bihar(created during 6th Chief Ministry of
2262:"Elite agency and development in Bihar: confrontation and populism in era of Garibon Ka Masiha"
151:. He chose a site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area which developed into Patna.
3743:
3738:
3718:
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3112:
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2004:
1974:
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Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, Radhakumud Mookerji, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1966, p.27
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By 1916â1917, most of the buildings were ready for occupation. These buildings reflect either
1213:
1190:
1148:
1042:
started mushrooming in Patna and it acquired a trading fame that attracted far off merchants.
859:
843:
471:
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2381:
2137:
2085:
1882:
1841:
3763:
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3708:
3087:
2724:
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1615:
1586:
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1217:
1031:
921:
874:. He is said to have destroyed many ancient seats of learning, the most prominent being the
819:
304:
255:
81:
69:
1269:
as a separate province in 1936, Patna continued as the capital of Bihar province under the
995:, a lower-class uprising occurred in the city led by a man pretending to be Jahangir's son
238:. It is said that in honour of the firstborn to the queen, the city was named Pataliputra.
3758:
3590:
3524:
3401:
3324:
3303:
3265:
2290:
1966:
1953:
1920:
1421:
1411:
1259:
1134:
1075:
871:
855:
851:
847:
702:
691:
553:
425:
394:
271:
61:
545:
transformed the wooden capital into a stone construction around 273 BCE. Chinese scholar
1549:
As of now, the governance of Bihar for the last 15 years (up to 2020) is in the hand of
1375:
Bhumihar caste. Some of the caste armies of new landlords from the backward castes like
3799:
3794:
3613:
3544:
3539:
3329:
2862:
2768:
2688:
2535:
1694:
1659:
1484:
1228:
949:
929:
749:
683:
534:
492:
445:
220:
187:
158:
1441:
all had their own shortcomings. In the tenure of Satyendra Narayan Singh the infamous
607:
601:âhe was the guru of Chandragupta Maurya and author of the ancient text on statecraft,
323:. This period saw the development of two of India's major religions that started from
3783:
3426:
3421:
3157:
2827:
2781:
2638:
1783:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
1640:
1634:
1611:
1605:
1533:
1347:
1247:
1182:
1130:
1119:
1079:
1067:
996:
945:
797:
666:
457:
382:
376:
320:
175:
65:
50:
46:
597:, the master of statecraft, described by Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru as Indian
120:
The first accepted references to the place are observed more than 2500 years ago in
3275:
2872:
2852:
2847:
2719:
2648:
1728:
1674:
1522:
1518:
1480:
1304:
1300:
1232:
917:
687:
515:
411:
108:
54:
23:
1424:, The former Chief Minister of Bihar who consolidated politics of Backward castes.
2317:
2024:
1781:
3334:
3298:
2981:
2867:
2608:
2598:
2238:
2209:
1655:
1630:
1601:
1582:
1542:
1384:
1270:
1236:
1127:
1091:
1046:, writing in 1632, calls this place, "the greatest mart of the eastern region".
1043:
1011:
808:
766:
745:
741:
726:
670:
641:
598:
584:
510:
deepened the empire towards central and southern India. Patna under the rule of
488:
461:
449:
428:
died at the age of 88, ruling the bulk of this 100-year dynasty. The next ruler
364:
360:
356:
344:
340:
312:
294:
197:
132:
77:
42:
3339:
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1392:
1160:
1107:
973:
633:
625:
621:
429:
386:
265:
93:
1345:
The growing discontent among backwards with Congress led to the formation of
3580:
3549:
3443:
3122:
2628:
1445:
took place in which over 900 Muslims were killed while during the tenure of
1388:
1281:
1198:
1123:
1099:
1015:
788:
who extended his control over the entire North-West of India destroying the
578:
530:
507:
406:
352:
336:
328:
308:
204:
166:
128:
103:
3634:
1239:
influence like the Raj Bhawan and the High Court. Some buildings, like the
279:
1978:
1429:
communal strife reached a new height during this period. The leaders like
3554:
2613:
2603:
2234:"Massacre-of-42-rajputs-in-bihar-villages-marks-a-new-level-of-brutality"
1407:
1357:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1221:
1030:
With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the
992:
793:
714:
645:
611:
594:
590:
500:
475:
465:
212:
125:
92:, and emerged in the post-independent India as the most populous city of
34:
1022:. However, other than the name, very little changed during this period.
924:). Later on, the headquarters was shifted from Bihar to Patana (current
2877:
2658:
2633:
1403:
1167:
1019:
1007:
953:
933:
901:
875:
661:
When the last of the Mauryan kings was assassinated in 184 BCE by
324:
136:
97:
38:
3575:
2623:
1368:
1331:
1266:
1103:
1083:
1039:
879:
867:
835:
827:
823:
785:
762:
546:
542:
511:
433:
416:
332:
285:
162:
140:
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131:. Recorded history of the city begins in the year 490 BCE when
815:
is said to have passed through the region in his conquering spree.
3666:
2776:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2558:
1716:, longest reigning Chief Minister of Bihar after Srikrishna Sinha.
1527:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1466:
1457:
1416:
1399:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1353:
1295:
1177:
1139:
1095:
1058:
984:
978:
964:
925:
913:
884:
863:
839:
831:
789:
778:
735:
696:
637:
524:
470:
319:. This dynasty lasted until 424 BCE when it was overthrown by the
316:
191:
153:
102:
27:
1987:
1200 A.D., he was busy consolidating his hold over that province.
1246:
The British built several educational institutions in Patna like
807:
struggle period, the region came under the control of the mighty
781:, Patna passed through uncertain times like most of north India.
1115:
987:, the Mughal emperor who came to patna to contain Afghan rebels.
969:
610:, the ancient Hindu grammarian who formulated the 3959 rules of
496:
219:, the presiding deity of the city, and her temple is one of the
121:
3638:
2531:
1338:
also became the new claimants to power, gradually displacing
730:
2087:
Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar
1956:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
397:
was a man of fabulous wealth known by various epithets like "
234:, literally Trumpet flower, which gives it its ancient name
1491:. Narayan also launched social justice movement along with
2481:"How Nitish Kumar plays the caste card when it suits him"
2356:
Post mandal politics in Bihar:Changing electoral patterns
3188:
Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences
2527:
514:, the grandson of Chandragupta, emerged as an effective
363:
eventually succeeded his father, Ajatashatru, under him
2205:"bhagalpur-riots-inquiry-report-blames-congress-police"
912:. The region roughly encompassing the present state of
482:, the prime minister and mentor of Chandragupta Maurya.
1973:. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 3.
3133:
National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT Patna)
45:(predecessor of modern Patna) was the capital of the
3108:
Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University
2139:ŕ¤ŕ¤ŕ¤Ąŕ¤żŕ¤Żŕ¤ž ŕ¤ŕĽŕ¤ĄŕĽ: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic
487:
as defence as well as sewage disposal. According to
339:(543-493 BCE ) was imprisoned and killed by his son
230:, who created Patna by a magic stroke for his queen
143:
to a more strategically located place to combat the
3568:
3512:
3465:
3442:
3435:
3394:
3348:
3317:
3284:
3253:
3206:
3076:
3069:
3020:
2990:
2934:
2913:
2906:
2808:
2790:
2767:
2741:
2697:
2586:
2450:"Upper caste politics at crucial juncture in Bihar"
1402:, Kurmi and Yadav replaced the Bhumihars, Rajputs,
385:was established by an illegitimate son of the king
3198:Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology
3043:Jay Prabha Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Patna
784:The territory came under the resurgent Empires of
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1311:The post Independence period saw the rule of the
297:, the capital of several ancient Indian empires.
3128:National Institute of Technology, Patna (NIT-P)
1852:(Second ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1497:
1479:The leaders of the period like Lalu Prasad and
1452:This period saw the rise of a strong leader in
1284:movement against the Indigo plantation and the
562:
3138:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna
3650:
2543:
1786:. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 480.
1561:of Lalu Prasad is still the biggest party in
1471:Lalu Prasad Yadav with descendants of martyr
419:origin. During the reign of Mahapadma Nanda,
293:Artifacts excavated from the ancient city of
139:, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly
8:
3052:Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre
2838:Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre
2348:
2346:
1122:. The diwani rights were legally granted by
769:, and the age of Muslim rule began in 1100.
3061:Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences
2420:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 346, 350â354.
2079:
2077:
640:and being succeeded by the Chinese capital
3657:
3643:
3635:
3439:
3073:
2910:
2550:
2536:
2528:
2505:Zaki Ikbal, Adil Ikram (8 November 2015).
2173:Gopalganj to Raisina: My Political Journey
2136:Arnold P. Kaminsky; Roger D. Long (2011).
1110:. The East India Company was accorded the
856:Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji
2749:Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited
2042:
2040:
2038:
1367:".The failure of Sangh also gave rise to
1303:established during 6th Chief Ministry of
850:and established the first dynasty of the
456:ruled a vast empire, stretching from the
3048:Mediversal Multi Superspecialty Hospital
2170:Nalin Verma, Laloo Prasad Yadav (2019).
2003:. Oxford University Press. p. 329.
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
740:The depiction of a Hepthalite horseman (
1759:
1572:
1118:, currently comprising a large part of
1086:, which currently comprises the Indian
587:, poet and influential Buddhist writer.
207:, Patna derives its name from the word
2417:Caste and Democratic Politics in India
2090:. Anthem Press. pp. 43, 44, 196.
1395:are some of the notable caste armies.
1216:with its imposing clock tower and the
415:of Chanakya, the Nanda dynasty was of
367:became the largest city in the world.
307:founded in 684 BCE, whose capital was
1901:from the original on 27 November 2016
1681:, Patna (Bihar) was a part of Bengal.
818:During the 12th century, the invader
7:
3178:Birla Institute of Technology, Patna
2733:Patna Regional Development Authority
2386:. Viking. p. 80,81,82,165â169.
2050:City, Society, and Planning: Society
2031:from the original on 25 August 2016.
1813:. Atlantic Publishers. p. 313.
713:The greatest writer of the time was
3619:
3560:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna
3183:R.P. Sharma Institute of Technology
3143:Chandragupt Institute of Management
1639:Approximate greatest extent of the
892:, the invader who destroyed famous
690:(335-376), and later his grandson,
200:, predecessor to the city of Patna.
2383:Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar
1731:, current Chief Minister of Bihar.
1235:and the state Assembly), or overt
870:, and Patna became a part of the
669:who engaged in conflicts with the
242:is the Sanskrit for a village and
14:
3118:Central University of South Bihar
3056:Ford Hospital and Research Centre
2448:Ahmed, Soroor (18 January 2010).
1927:from the original on 14 July 2007
1884:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times
1532:Nitish Kumar with Prime minister
1276:Patna played a major role in the
972:grown in Patna that is famous as
908:, which is derived from the term
811:. The legendary king of Kashmir,
3618:
3609:
3608:
3098:Chanakya National Law University
2568:
2359:. SAGE publication. p. 55.
2289:Gupta, Smita (15 October 2007).
1921:"Largest Cities Through History"
1842:"India in the Age of the Nandas"
1721:
1706:
1686:
1667:
1648:
1623:
1594:
1575:
1487:" of 1977 which was launched by
278:
264:
16:Timeline of the Capital of Bihar
3309:List of shopping malls in Patna
3093:Aryabhatta Knowledge University
2977:Fatuha Junction railway station
2967:Phulwari Sharif railway station
2260:Zarhani, Seyed Hossein (2018).
2232:Ahmed, Farzand (30 June 1987).
2027:. Glorious Bihar. 26 May 2010.
1569:Gallery : Patna as Capital
2729:Nagar Parishad Danapur Nizamat
1947:Gupta dynasty (Indian dynasty)
1:
2353:Kumar, Sanjay (5 June 2018).
1881:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966).
1850:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas
1010:and served as the capital of
991:In 1610, during the reign of
952:. Sher Shah Suri hailed from
890:Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji
822:'s advancing forces captured
335:fell to Magadha in this way.
196:Ruins of the ancient city of
90:India's Independence movement
68:and has seen the rule of the
2142:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 95â96.
1887:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
1614:at its largest extent under
1278:Indian independence struggle
1256:Bihar College of Engineering
1205:). This area was called the
854:. By the mid-12th century,
701:A pictographic depiction of
529:A pictographic depiction of
303:According to tradition, the
3371:Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir
3168:St. Xavier's College, Patna
2921:Jay Prakash Narayan Airport
2715:Patna Municipal Corporation
2316:Thakur, Sankarshan (2015).
2001:The Mughal State, 1526-1750
705:during Saurashtra campaign.
678:The Gupta Dynasty (240-550)
88:, participated actively in
80:. During British rule, the
3816:
3236:Delhi Public School, Patna
2898:Shri Krishna Memorial Hall
2858:Shrikrishna Science Centre
2047:Thakur, Baleshwar (2007).
1563:Bihar Legislative Assembly
1157:British East India Company
842:, and one of his generals
786:Shri Harshavardhana Samrat
374:
253:
185:
60:It has been a part of the
3674:
3604:
3361:Patliputra Natya Mahotsav
3271:Patliputra Sports Complex
3226:St. Michael's High School
2893:Indira Gandhi Planetarium
2565:
1677:became the first British
1241:General Post Office (GPO)
936:region was called Bihar.
858:, one of the generals of
703:Chandragupta Vikramaditya
86:First War of Independence
3216:St. Xavier's High School
2674:Alliance Air Flight 7412
2414:Shah, Ghanshyam (2004).
1313:Indian National Congress
1106:, as also some parts of
3103:Nalanda Open University
2947:Rajendra Nagar Terminal
2926:Bihta Air Force Station
2800:Neighbourhoods in Patna
2112:"End of a terror trail"
2084:Kumar, Ashwani (2008).
1780:Singh, Upinder (2008).
1431:Satyendra Narayan Singh
1410:. During the tenure of
1280:. Most notable are the
1050:British Colonial period
744:) who were defeated by
41:. The ancient city of
3163:Bihar National College
2116:frontline.thehindu.com
1846:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
1555:Bharatiya Janata Party
1537:
1502:
1483:were born out of the "
1476:
1425:
1308:
1265:After the creation of
1186:
1152:
1126:, who was then ruling
1071:
988:
897:
753:
706:
566:
538:
533:, the second ruler of
483:
211:, which means port in
201:
170:
112:
3193:Magadh Mahila College
3148:Patna Women's College
2754:Magadh Stock Exchange
2669:Bankipur Central Jail
1971:The History of Bengal
1952:30 March 2010 at the
1810:Kautilyan Arthasastra
1807:M. B. Chande (1998).
1531:
1470:
1420:
1317:Anugrah Narayan Sinha
1299:
1252:Patna Science College
1203:Charles Stuart Bayley
1181:
1143:
1076:Battle of Buxar, 1764
1062:
1004:Jagirdar of Mohrampur
982:
904:region and called it
888:
813:Lalitaditya Muktapida
739:
700:
528:
474:
444:With the rise of the
347:went to war with the
195:
157:
116:Prehistory and Origin
106:
3366:Patna Sahib Mahotsav
3153:Patna Dental College
2823:Shaheed Smarak Patna
2710:Legislative Assembly
1585:as a capital of the
1559:Rashtriya Janata Dal
1064:Main street of Patna
452:, the famed emperor
405:" (destroyer of all
3596:Sonepur Cattle Fair
3535:Tourist attractions
3520:Patna Film Festival
3417:Funtasia Water Park
3395:Parks & grounds
3381:Premchand Rangshala
3261:Moin-ul-Haq Stadium
3008:DighaâSonpur Bridge
3003:Mahatma Gandhi Setu
2998:Loknayak Ganga Path
2952:Patliputra Junction
2888:Wheeler Senate Hall
2684:2014 Patna stampede
2679:2013 Patna bombings
2619:Chandragupta Maurya
2460:on 6 September 2015
2319:The Brothers Bihari
1557:alliance while the
1551:Janata Dal (United)
1489:Jay Prakash Narayan
1286:Quit India Movement
846:proclaimed himself
520:Indian subcontinent
506:Chandragupta's son
421:Alexander the Great
3769:Thiruvananthapuram
3586:Nalanda University
3412:Buddha Smriti Park
3356:350th Prakash Parv
3231:Loyola High School
2962:Gulzarbagh Station
2818:Patna Collectorate
2380:Sinha, A. (2011).
2322:. Harper Collins.
1838:H. C. Raychaudhuri
1679:Governor of Bengal
1538:
1477:
1426:
1309:
1187:
1153:
1072:
989:
898:
894:Nalanda Mahavihara
765:conquerors out of
754:
707:
663:Pushyamitra Shunga
539:
484:
391:Shishunaga dynasty
315:, the present-day
202:
171:
113:
74:East India Company
3777:
3776:
3632:
3631:
3530:People from Patna
3508:
3507:
3386:Rabindra Parishad
3376:Kalidas Rangalaya
3249:
3248:
3221:Don Bosco Academy
3113:Magadh University
3016:
3015:
2833:Bihar Secretariat
2479:Upadhyay, Ashok.
2393:978-0-670-08459-3
2366:978-93-528-0585-3
2329:978-93-5177-481-5
2275:978-1-351-25518-9
2183:978-93-5333-313-3
2149:978-0-313-37462-3
2097:978-1-84331-709-8
2060:978-81-8069-460-8
1894:978-81-208-0405-0
1859:978-81-208-0466-1
1820:978-81-7156-733-1
1793:978-81-317-1677-9
1748:Politics of Bihar
1714:Lalu Prasad Yadav
1699:Sri Krishna Sinha
1493:Ram Manohar Lohia
1454:Lalu Prasad Yadav
1447:Bindeshwari Dubey
1435:Bindeshwari Dubey
1321:Sri Krishna Sinha
1292:Post-Independence
1220:are two imposing
1214:Patna Secretariat
1191:Bengal Presidency
1014:. Mughal Emperor
860:Qutb-ud-din Aybak
844:Qutb-ud-din Aybak
657:Before the Guptas
3807:
3790:History of Patna
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3622:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3440:
3286:Shopping complex
3088:Patna University
3074:
2911:
2725:Patna High Court
2644:Haryanka dynasty
2594:History of Patna
2587:History of Patna
2573:
2572:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2456:. Archived from
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1967:Sarkar, Jadunath
1963:
1957:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1777:
1743:History of Bihar
1725:
1710:
1690:
1671:
1658:as a capital of
1652:
1633:as a capital of
1627:
1616:Ashoka the Great
1604:as a capital of
1598:
1579:
1500:"Triveni Sangh".
1439:Jagannath Mishra
1231:influence (like
1218:Patna High Court
1207:New Capital Area
1195:Bihar and Orissa
1070:, c. 1814-15 CE.
1032:Nawabs of Bengal
922:Nalanda District
878:University near
820:Muhammad of Ghor
805:Kannauj Triangle
624:, the author of
616:BackusâNaur form
614:morphology. The
409:). According to
403:Sarvakshatrantak
389:of the previous
305:Haryanka dynasty
282:
268:
256:Haryanka dynasty
82:Patna University
70:Nawabs of Bengal
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3670:
3663:
3633:
3628:
3600:
3591:Rajgir Mahotsav
3564:
3525:Patna Book Fair
3504:
3461:
3431:
3390:
3344:
3325:Patna Golf Club
3313:
3280:
3266:Patna Golf Club
3245:
3202:
3079:
3065:
3012:
2986:
2972:Danapur Station
2930:
2902:
2810:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2763:
2737:
2693:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2556:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2454:The Bihar Times
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2213:. 7 August 2015
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1969:, ed. (1973) .
1965:
1964:
1960:
1954:Wayback Machine
1945:
1941:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1860:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1779:
1778:
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1756:
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1711:
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1691:
1682:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1628:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1590:
1580:
1571:
1443:Bhagalpur riots
1422:Karpoori Thakur
1412:Karpoori Thakur
1294:
1260:Prince of Wales
1176:
1145:Street in Patna
1135:Undivided India
1057:
1052:
1028:
963:Mughal emperor
942:
872:Delhi Sultanate
852:Delhi Sultanate
848:Sultan of Delhi
775:
692:Chandragupta II
680:
659:
654:
558:Natural History
554:Pliny the Elder
442:
426:Mahapadma Nanda
395:Mahapadma Nanda
379:
373:
301:
300:
299:
298:
290:
289:
288:
283:
275:
274:
272:Lohanipur torso
269:
258:
252:
190:
184:
118:
62:Delhi Sultanate
17:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3782:
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3775:
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3627:
3626:
3616:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3545:Media in Bihar
3542:
3540:Bihar Regiment
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3437:
3436:Constituencies
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Bankipore Club
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3254:Sports complex
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3080:& colleges
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Patna Junction
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2863:Sadaqat Ashram
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2793:neighbourhoods
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2769:Satellite town
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2689:Siege of Arrah
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2497:
2471:
2440:
2426:
2406:
2392:
2372:
2365:
2342:
2328:
2308:
2291:"Pinned Lynch"
2281:
2274:
2252:
2224:
2196:
2182:
2162:
2148:
2128:
2103:
2096:
2073:
2059:
2034:
2025:"British Rule"
2016:
2009:
1991:
1958:
1939:
1912:
1893:
1865:
1858:
1829:
1819:
1799:
1792:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1697:of Bihar, Dr.
1695:Chief Minister
1692:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1647:
1645:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:Magadha Empire
1581:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1485:Bihar movement
1383:also existed.
1293:
1290:
1229:Indo-Saracenic
1175:
1172:
1149:Charles D'Oyly
1131:Mughal emperor
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1027:
1024:
983:A portrait of
950:Sher Shah Suri
941:
938:
932:and the whole
930:Sher Shah Suri
774:
771:
750:British Museum
684:Chandragupta I
679:
676:
658:
655:
653:
650:
630:
629:
619:
605:
603:Arthashashtra.
588:
582:
535:Mauryan Empire
495:sites such as
478:also known as
446:Mauryan empire
441:
438:
375:Main article:
372:
369:
292:
291:
284:
277:
276:
270:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:Main article:
251:
248:
221:shakti peethas
205:Etymologically
188:Names of Patna
186:Main article:
183:
180:
159:Gautama Buddha
135:, the king of
117:
114:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
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3755:
3752:
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3747:
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3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
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3551:
3548:
3546:
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3541:
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3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3427:Hardinge Park
3425:
3423:
3422:Gandhi Maidan
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Patna College
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Sabhyata Dwar
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:and landmarks
2807:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Maurya Empire
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2429:
2427:81-7824-095-5
2423:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2268:. Routledge.
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2129:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2010:9780195652253
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1774:
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1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1749:
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1744:
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1736:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1646:
1643:(c. 185 BCE).
1642:
1641:Shunga Empire
1636:
1635:Shunga Empire
1632:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:Maurya Empire
1607:
1606:Maurya Empire
1603:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1535:
1534:Narendra Modi
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:Triveni Sangh
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Patna College
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1183:Patna College
1180:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1151:, c. 1825 CE.
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Uttar Pradesh
1117:
1113:
1112:diwani rights
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1068:Company style
1065:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:Khusrau Mirza
994:
986:
981:
977:
975:
971:
966:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
773:The Sultanate
772:
770:
768:
764:
758:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
732:
728:
722:
718:
716:
711:
704:
699:
695:
693:
689:
685:
677:
675:
672:
668:
667:Shunga Empire
664:
656:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
559:
555:
552:According to
550:
548:
544:
536:
532:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
458:Bay of Bengal
455:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:Nanda dynasty
378:
377:Nanda Dynasty
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Nanda dynasty
318:
314:
310:
306:
296:
287:
281:
273:
267:
257:
250:The Haryankas
249:
247:
246:means a son.
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
199:
194:
189:
181:
179:
177:
176:Gautam Buddha
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
115:
110:
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:Mughal Empire
63:
58:
56:
55:Gupta Empires
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
21:
3748:
3513:Other topics
3467:Vidhan Sabha
3299:P&M Mall
3276:Urja Stadium
3078:Universities
2873:Patna Museum
2853:Bihar Museum
2848:Kargil Chowk
2720:Patna Police
2664:Mášcchakatika
2649:Nanda Empire
2593:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2484:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2453:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2416:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2382:
2375:
2355:
2333:. Retrieved
2318:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2294:
2284:
2265:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2237:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2172:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2138:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2115:
2106:
2086:
2064:. Retrieved
2049:
2019:
2000:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1942:
1929:. Retrieved
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1883:
1849:
1832:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1782:
1729:Nitish Kumar
1675:Robert Clive
1548:
1539:
1523:Samata Party
1519:Nitish Kumar
1503:
1498:
1481:Nitish Kumar
1478:
1451:
1427:
1397:
1373:
1362:
1346:
1344:
1325:
1310:
1305:Nitish Kumar
1301:Bihar Museum
1275:
1264:
1245:
1233:Patna Museum
1226:
1211:
1206:
1188:
1165:
1154:
1144:
1111:
1073:
1063:
1055:Company Rule
1036:
1029:
1001:
990:
962:
958:
943:
918:Bihar Sharif
909:
905:
899:
817:
802:
783:
776:
759:
755:
723:
719:
712:
708:
688:Samudragupta
681:
660:
631:
602:
571:
570:
567:
563:
551:
540:
505:
485:
479:
454:Chandragupta
443:
412:Arthashastra
410:
402:
398:
380:
302:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
225:
216:
208:
203:
172:
119:
109:Nitish Kumar
59:
19:
18:
3665:History of
3624:WikiProject
3495:Patna Sahib
3457:Pataliputra
3452:Patna Sahib
3335:Rotary Club
3173:A N College
2982:Patna Metro
2957:Patna Saheb
2868:Nagholkothi
2791:Localities/
2609:Ajatashatru
2599:Pataliputra
2239:India Today
2210:India Today
2121:19 December
1905:26 November
1656:Pataliputra
1631:Pataliputra
1602:Pataliputra
1583:Pataliputra
1543:Rabari Devi
1385:Ranvir Sena
1326:Initially,
1271:British Raj
1237:Renaissance
1174:British Raj
1092:West Bengal
1044:Peter Mundy
1012:Bihar Subah
976:in Europe.
940:The Mughals
809:Pala Empire
803:During the
767:Afghanistan
746:Skandagupta
742:Huna people
727:Skandagupta
671:Indo-Greeks
599:Machiavelli
585:Ashvaghosha
489:Megasthenes
462:Afghanistan
450:Pataliputra
440:The Mauryas
365:Pataliputra
361:Udayabhadra
357:Pataliputra
345:Ajatashatru
341:Ajatashatru
313:Pataliputra
295:Pataliputra
198:Pataliputra
133:Ajatashatru
78:British Raj
43:Pataliputra
3784:Categories
3699:Darjeeling
3689:Coimbatore
3340:Lions Club
3294:Maurya Lok
2883:Maurya Lok
2843:Raj Bhavan
2759:Patna rice
2705:Government
2654:Sur Empire
1754:References
1662:'s Empire.
1473:Tatya Tope
1393:Bhumi Sena
1161:East India
1108:Bangladesh
1074:After the
1026:The Nawabs
974:Patna rice
862:, invaded
798:Pulakeshin
652:The Guptas
634:Alexandria
626:Kama Sutra
622:Vatsyayana
430:Dhanananda
387:Mahanandin
371:The Nandas
236:Pataligram
217:Patan Devi
129:scriptures
94:East India
3754:Prayagraj
3714:Hyderabad
3684:Bengaluru
3679:Ahmedabad
3581:Bodh Gaya
3550:Tarumitra
3444:Lok Sabha
3407:Patna Zoo
3123:IIT Patna
3070:Education
3021:Hospitals
2907:Transport
2809:Buildings
2629:Aryabhata
2516:27 August
2511:India.com
2485:Dailyo.in
2335:27 August
1840:(1988) .
1660:Sher Shah
1389:Kuer Sena
1358:Zamindars
1336:Bhumihars
1288:of 1942.
1282:Champaran
1222:landmarks
1199:Bankipore
1128:sovereign
1124:Shah Alam
1100:Jharkhand
1016:Aurangzeb
748:from the
579:Aryabhata
531:Bindusara
508:Bindusara
436:dynasty.
407:Kshatriya
353:Rajagriha
337:Bimbisara
329:Bimbisara
309:Rajagriha
182:Etymology
167:Bodh Gaya
3704:Dehradun
3614:Category
3569:See also
3555:Super 30
3500:Phulwari
3485:Bankipur
3402:Eco Park
3304:The Mall
3241:DAV BSEB
2614:Chanakya
2604:Azimabad
2217:8 August
2176:. Rupa.
2029:Archived
1950:Archived
1925:Archived
1899:Archived
1737:See also
1521:to form
1408:Kayastha
1406:and the
1404:Brahmins
1340:Kayastha
1328:Kayastha
993:Jahangir
794:Chalukya
715:Kalidasa
644:(modern
642:Chang'an
612:Sanskrit
595:Kautilya
591:Chanakya
572:Scholars
556:in his "
541:Emperor
501:Ecbatana
480:Kautilya
476:Chanakya
466:Kautilya
349:Licchavi
311:, later
213:Sanskrit
149:Vaishali
145:Licchavi
141:Rajgriha
126:Buddhist
76:and the
64:and the
35:Buddhism
3734:Madurai
3729:Kolkata
3694:Chennai
3669:by city
3490:Danapur
3475:Kumhrar
3349:Culture
3208:Schools
2878:Golghar
2742:Economy
2659:Nalanda
2634:Magadha
2581:, India
2490:21 July
2464:10 June
2433:18 June
2399:7 April
2295:Outlook
2245:30 July
2189:30 July
2155:4 March
2066:16 June
1931:29 June
1848:(ed.).
1332:Rajputs
1168:Kolkata
1080:Mughals
1040:godowns
1020:subedar
1008:Burdwan
954:Sasaram
934:Magadha
902:Nalanda
880:Rajgrih
876:Nalanda
547:Fa Hein
518:of the
516:capital
493:Persian
401:" and "
325:Magadha
286:Yakshas
228:Putraka
169:, Bihar
137:Magadha
98:Kolkata
47:Mauryan
39:Jainism
24:capital
3744:Nagpur
3739:Mumbai
3719:Jaipur
3576:Rajgir
2782:Sonpur
2624:Ashoka
2424:
2390:
2363:
2326:
2301:7 June
2272:
2180:
2146:
2094:
2057:
2007:
1979:924890
1977:
1891:
1856:
1817:
1790:
1693:First
1515:Koeris
1507:Yadavs
1458:Dalits
1369:Maoism
1354:Dalits
1267:Orissa
1104:Odisha
1088:states
1084:Bengal
1078:, the
946:Mughal
868:Bengal
838:, and
836:Lahore
828:Multan
824:Ghazni
796:ruler
763:Muslim
682:Under
608:PÄášini
543:Ashoka
512:Ashoka
434:Maurya
417:Shudra
399:Ekarat
333:Kosala
232:Patali
209:Pattan
163:Phalgu
96:after
72:, the
53:, and
51:Shunga
22:, the
3800:Bihar
3795:Patna
3764:Surat
3749:Patna
3724:Kochi
3709:Delhi
3667:India
3480:Digha
3318:Clubs
3038:AIIMS
2777:Bihta
2698:Civic
2579:Bihar
2575:Patna
2559:Patna
2297:. PTI
1844:. In
1511:Kurmi
1509:with
1400:Koeri
1381:Yadav
1377:Kurmi
1364:Begar
1096:Bihar
985:Akbar
965:Akbar
928:) by
926:Patna
914:Bihar
910:Vihar
906:Bihar
864:Bihar
840:Delhi
832:Sindh
790:Hunas
779:Hunas
646:Xi'an
638:Egypt
593:, or
317:Patna
244:Putra
31:state
28:Bihar
20:Patna
3759:Pune
3033:NMCH
3028:PMCH
2991:Road
2935:Rail
2518:2020
2492:2020
2466:2015
2435:2020
2422:ISBN
2401:2015
2388:ISBN
2361:ISBN
2337:2020
2324:ISBN
2303:2015
2270:ISBN
2247:2020
2219:2020
2191:2020
2178:ISBN
2157:2012
2144:ISBN
2123:2018
2092:ISBN
2068:2020
2055:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1985:i.e.
1975:OCLC
1933:2008
1907:2016
1889:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1610:The
1553:and
1517:led
1513:and
1462:OBCs
1437:and
1379:and
1334:and
1319:and
1116:Oudh
1002:The
970:rice
944:The
866:and
731:Huns
499:and
497:Susa
381:The
240:Gram
124:and
122:Jain
37:and
2914:Air
1159:in
1147:by
1133:of
1090:of
648:).
560:":
503:".
460:to
355:to
165:in
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