206:), residence of numerous craftsmen, organised into guilds – for example, the hammermen (metalworkers) and glovers. There was probably some decline in prosperity during the numerous wars of the 14th century. The town also carried out an extensive trade with the Continent, and examples of foreign luxury goods have been recovered from excavations within the town, such as Spanish silk, fine pottery from France. Wine will also have been a major import, not least for the use of the Church. The main destinations were France, the Low Countries and the Baltic. Medieval crafts are still remembered in some of the town's old street names, such as Skinnergate, Cutlog Vennel (see
239:
383:
230:
163:
552:
626:. In 1914, it relocated to Taymount Terrace due to cramped conditions – making the hospital one of the first in Scotland to deal with X-rays. Murray Royal Asylum was established in Perth via the will of James Murray (died 1814), and opened in 1827 as the Murray Royal Lunatic Asylum, with the original building being designed by
714:
233:
An indicative plan showing the medieval walls around Perth. The walls followed present day Murray Street, South
Methven Street, Canal Crescent and Canal Street. Only one short part of the wall is still standing. The blue line marks the mill lade/ditches. The positions of gates (ports) and towers are
89:, of whom the Picts may have been a subset. Perth's original name, and some archaeological evidence, indicate that there must have been a settlement here from earlier times, probably at a point where a river crossing or crossings coincided with a slightly raised natural mound on the west bank of the
534:
were used. It was given to the town in 1661 not long after
Cromwell's death, and began almost immediately to be dismantled. The ditch, originally filled with water from the Tay, was still traceable in the late 18th century, but there are now no visible remains. The restoration of Charles II was not
497:
Records survive from the incorporations of the Perth craft of carpenters and barbers, and the hammermen (metal workers), and others. Apprentices progressing to become master craftsmen in 16th-century Perth traditionally had to pay for a banquet and hold a football match.
310:
in an artificial channel to power the burgh mills, formed an additional line of defence around the walls. The walls were pierced by several ports or gates, whose names are still remembered: the Red Brig Port (end of
Skinnergate), Turret Brig Port (end of the
285:
ensued. Balliol himself was driven out quickly, only to return the next year. His deposition was only made complete in 1336; his supporters were eventually driven from Perth in 1339. As part of a plan to make Perth a permanent
English base within Scotland,
442:
from grass-roots level with a sermon against 'idolatry' in the burgh kirk of St John the
Baptist on 11 May 1559. An inflamed mob quickly destroyed the altars in the Kirk, then attacked the Houses of the Greyfriars and Blackfriars, and the
529:
in 1652, one of five built around
Scotland at this time to overawe and hold down the country. Perth's hospital, bridge and several dozen houses were demolished to provide building materials for this fort. Even grave slabs from the
630:. Originally designed to house 80 patients it was expanded several times in the next two centuries. 1876 saw the foundation of what would become Hillside Home, a facility for patients with incurable conditions, which moved to
319:) and the Spey Port (end of Speygate). There was probably also a minor gate leading to Curfew Row. These defences were the strongest of any town in Scotland in the Middle Ages. Though still largely complete at the time of the
418:, a garden attached to the House of the Blackfriars. Although records vary, Clan Chattan is understood to have won the battle, with the last of their opponents fleeing to safety across the Tay. The assassination of King
726:, David Peacock, P. R. Drummond, William Sievwright, Reverend William Marshall, Thomas Hunter, Robert Scott Fittis, Colin A. Hunt, Reverend Robert Milne, Reverend George T. S. Farquhar, Peter Baxter, James Bridges and
598:
that led to a ten-years residence there for him. The school was distinguished by efforts on his part towards popular improvement, including a zealous promotion of the study of science, the foundation of a
1182:
1153:
1114:
434:
Perth was a focal point for the religious conflicts of the 16th century. In 1543, three men were hanged for vandalising a statue of Saint
Francis. In May 1543, the Blackfriars monastery was attacked.
254:
for defence and little fortification, fell quickly. Stronger fortifications were quickly implemented by the
English, and plans to wall the town took shape in 1304. They remained standing until
690:
based in
Scotland. The graves are in a special section of the cemetery. The gravestones have the Polish eagle engraved on them, and at the entrance to the section is a Polish war memorial.
323:, they began to be demolished from the second half of the 18th century, and there are now no visible remains, at least above ground. The last tower, called the Monk's Tower (corner of
422:
occurred in 1437 when rebel noblemen forced entry into the house of the
Dominicans or Blackfriars. James was the last king to command from a throne at Perth; the capital was moved to
459:
in Perth remained strong. There are no visible remains of the pre-Reformation religious houses of Perth, though their approximate locations are perpetuated in modern street-names.
298:
to pay for the construction of massive stone defensive walls, towers and fortified gates around the town (1336). These followed roughly the lines of present-day Albert Close,
93:(which at Perth flows north–south), thus giving some protection for settlement from the frequent flooding. The original inhabitants subsequently merged with the
583:
were its major exports, although the town had been a key port for centuries. A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of
1409:
722:, James Cant, Reverend James Scott, the Morison family (Francis, Robert Sr, James, Robert Jr, William and David), George Penny, Reverend Parker Lawson,
234:
marked including: (A) the site of Perth Castle; (B) Red Brig Port; (C) Turret Brig Port; (D) South Street Port; (E) Spey Tower; and (F) Monk's Tower
697:
occurred on 17 January 1993, causing damage amounting to around £10 million. The city installed flood defences, which were completed in 2001.
367:
or Whitefriars, at Tullilum (corner of Jeanfield Road and Riggs Road). Also at Tullilum (a name preserved by today's Tullylumb Terrace, near
217:
adjacent to the new council offices) twas destroyed by a flood of the Tay in 1209, one of many that have afflicted Perth over the centuries.
652:, Perth remained relatively unchanged, according to Dr Bill Harding in his study of the effects of the war on the people of Perth, titled
194:(1214–1249) by 1240. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Perth was one of the richest trading burghs in the kingdom (along with such towns as
810:
1470:
668:
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Priory. Knox later blamed these events on "the rascal multitude". Scone Abbey was sacked shortly afterwards. The regent of infant
1308:
794:
660:
487:
307:
302:, South Methven Street, Charterhouse Lane and Canal Street (these streets evolved from a lane around the inside of the walls).
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479:
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Perth was often the unofficial capital of Scotland, due to the frequent residence of the royal court there. It was at
543:, to which Perth was supportive. The town was occupied by Jacobite supporters thrice in total (1689, 1715 and 1745).
42:
standing stones and circles followed the introduction of farming from about 4000 BC, and a remarkably well preserved
1061:"Civic Sponsorship of Festival Football in Late Medieval and Early Modern Scotland", Society of Antiquaries Scotland
663:
was built in 1848. Horse-drawn carriage became popular in the 1890s although they were quickly replaced by electric
672:
595:
410:. This 'tournament' (actually an attempt to resolve a disruptive Highland feud) took place under the gaze of King
687:
659:
Given its location, Perth was perfectly placed to become a key transport centre with the coming of the railways.
151:
531:
191:
20:
777:
culture and archaeology : Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust : Archaeology Section - Carpow Log Boat
591:
136:
1336:
The Historians of Perth, and Other Local and Topographical Writers, Up to the End of the Nineteenth Century
945:
The Historians of Perth, and Other Local and Topographical Writers, Up to the End of the Nineteenth Century
104:, which was later known as Scotland. During much of the medieval period the town was known colloquially as
727:
715:
The Historians of Perth and Other Local and Topographical Writers, Up to the End of the Nineteenth Century
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411:
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615:
518:
506:
368:
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752:"culture and archaeology : Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust : Archaeology Section - Overview"
1405:
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status to the town in the early 12th century, and documents from this time refer to the status of the
1426:
448:
439:
320:
274:
255:
723:
584:
419:
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247:
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27:) is a city and former royal burgh in central Scotland. There has been a settlement at Perth since
1055:
Michael Pearce, "A French Furniture Maker and the 'Courtly Style' in Sixteenth-Century Scotland",
814:
382:
238:
1208:
683:
623:
556:
387:
356:
344:
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221:(1142–1214) restored Perth's burgh status, while it remained as the nominal capital of Scotland.
187:
1281:
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to Perth on 17 September 1561. The town gave her a present of a gold heart full of gold coins.
1434:
997:
607:, the extension of such establishments was recommended by him in five papers published in the
605:
Literary and Philosophical Societies, adapted to the middling and lower ranks of the community
522:
491:
352:
336:
335:
During the Middle Ages, Perth's only parish church was the burgh kirk of St John the Baptist (
116:
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was built in 1838 as the Perth City and County Infirmary. The original building, designed by
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972:
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483:
375:. The bishops also owned a house within the burgh itself, at the corner of South Street and
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in 1883 and functioned until 1997. In 1888, Hillside gained a building for patients with
1092:
787:
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In January 2023, the most deadly fire in Scotland since 2017 took place in Perth at the
594:
received an invitation from local patrons to act as teacher in the Secession school at
471:
452:
339:). Medieval Perth had many other ecclesiastical buildings, including the houses of the
262:
147:
112:
86:
791:
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there. Many of the records taken from this time were the result of the arrival of the
1464:
719:
564:
474:, made her Entry to Perth at the end of June 1591. In August 1600 James VI rode from
273:. Robert the Bruce had died three years previously, and the regent of his infant son
195:
963:
McRoberts, David (2010). "Material Destruction Caused by the Scottish Reformation".
162:
679:
635:
627:
132:
62:
1080:
1353:
1334:
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was begun, and major industry came to the town, now with a population of 15,000.
513:, traditional site of the investiture of Kings of Scots, in 1651. Within a year,
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Priory, or "Charterhouse". A little to the west of the town was the house of the
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was kept, and on it the Kings of Scots were crowned, until the coronation of
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Piped water and gas became available in the 1820s, and electricity in 1901.
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39:
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word meaning "wood", "copse" or "thicket", which links the town to the
1381:
1452–1601, Scottish Record Society, (1993), transcript of guild record.
572:
372:
127:
two miles northeast, a royal centre of Alba from at least the reign of
1071:
George William Cullen Gross, '1651: The Last Coronation in Scotland',
1042:
Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark',
100:
In the early 10th century, the city became an important centre of the
580:
576:
58:
603:, and what was substantially a mechanic's institute. Under the name
1457:– David P. Bowler, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee (2004)
568:
550:
381:
258:'s recapture of Perth in 1312. He ordered the defences destroyed.
237:
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175:
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31:
times. Finds in and around Perth show that it was occupied by the
525:, came to Perth. Cromwell established a fortified citadel on the
1452:
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Chattan against Clan Cameron, each thirty strong, at the town's
403:
295:
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brought his armies to Perth in 1296 where the town, with only a
179:
107:
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town and major developments, social and industrial, during the
490:. As a result of a misunderstanding, or a conspiracy (see the
414:(1390–1406) and his court, who watched the spectacle from the
269:, invaded to claim the throne of Scotland with the backing of
119:, the church at the centre of the parish, was dedicated to St
1411:
Scottish Land Tourist's Pocket Guide to Picturesque Scenery
1454:
Perth: The Archaeology and Development of a Scottish burgh
281:. Balliol took Perth and the throne in September, and the
242:
The last remnant of Perth's city walls, on George Inn Lane
139:(1107–1124), will have enhanced Perth's early importance.
38:
who arrived in the area more than 8,000 years ago. Nearby
1282:"Three people dead in fire at New County Hotel in Perth"
686:, was enlarged to provide space for the war dead of the
494:), the king's retainers killed the Earl and his sons.
1398:
Higgins, J. 'Scotland's Stewart Monarchs' (2020). At
1231:"BBC Two - Bitesize: Geography, River Tay - flooding"
213:
The royal castle (on or near the site of the present
1309:"Perth hotel fire investigation: What happens next?"
847:
845:
718:
was published. He evaluates the work of 24 authors:
61:
to the east of Perth. Carpow was also the site of a
277:fell quickly at the hands of Balliol's army at the
1388:, Edinburgh (1893), chartulary of the Blackfriars.
788:Scotsman.com: A 3,000-year-old voyage of discovery
1257:"Remembering the Great Tay Flood of January 1993"
704:, resulting in three deaths and eleven injuries.
131:mac Ailpín (843–58), later the site of the major
654:On Flows the Tay: Perth and the First World War
371:) was a manor or tower-house of the bishops of
1400:https://sites.google.com/view/stewartscotland
455:, was successful in quelling the rioting but
327:and Canal Street) was demolished about 1810.
8:
1059:, XXXII (2018), pp. 127–128: Taylor Aucoin,
638:and in 1901 Barnhill Sanatorium was opened.
1177:
1175:
971:(1). Edinburgh University Press: 126–172.
958:
956:
954:
49:dated to around 1000 BC was found in the
1046:(Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2022), p. 119.
811:"Romans in Scotland - Carpow Roman Fort"
398:was first brought by Perth in 1396. The
743:
462:Mary, Queen of Scots, made her formal
1075:, 26:3 (December, 2021), pp. 229-245
7:
669:Perth and District Tramways Company
135:abbey of the same name founded by
14:
1431:Tourists' Handy Guide to Scotland
1158:Archive Services Online Catalogue
1119:Archive Services Online Catalogue
792:Iris logboat, water trough or...?
115:for "Saint John's Town") because
1433:, Edinburgh: W. Paterson, 1872,
1187:Archive Services Online Catlogue
996:. St Andrew Press. p. 144.
712:In 1906, David Crawford Smith's
225:14th century: English occupation
166:A street sign in the town centre
535:without incident, and with the
1414:, Glasgow: W.R. M'Phun, 1848,
1358:. Perth: William Morison. 1806
1333:Smith, David Crawford (1906).
1211:. ostrycharz.free-online.co.uk
1115:"THB 32 Perth Royal Infirmary"
943:Smith, David Crawford (1906).
1:
1081:10.1080/14629712.2021.1996947
1154:"THB 29 Murray Royal Asylum"
1033:(Edinburgh, 1863), p. lxxiv.
563:In 1760, a new building for
547:Late 18th century to present
521:, fresh from victory in the
386:A bronze statue of a seated
1044:Medieval English Theatre 43
620:William Macdonald Mackenzie
1487:
1471:History of Perth, Scotland
673:Perth Corporation Tramways
331:Late 14th and 15th century
315:), Southgait Port (end of
290:forced six monasteries in
1020:(Edinburgh, 1833), p. 69.
990:Graham, Roderick (2013).
977:10.3366/inr.1959.10.1.126
947:. J. Christie. p. 3.
797:27 September 2007 at the
682:, Perth's main cemetery,
1386:The Blackfriars of Perth
993:John Knox: Man of Action
532:Greyfriars Burial Ground
306:, which was led off the
502:17th and 18th centuries
261:In 1332, the pretender
158:12th and 13th centuries
1379:The Perth Guildry Book
1189:. University of Dundee
1183:"THB 37 Hillside Home"
1160:. University of Dundee
1121:. University of Dundee
728:Francis Buchanan White
560:
391:
279:battle of Dupplin Moor
243:
235:
167:
24:
1018:Diurnal of Occurrents
661:Perth railway station
616:Perth Royal Infirmary
554:
385:
369:Perth Royal Infirmary
271:Edward III of England
241:
232:
215:multi-storey car park
165:
1377:Stavert, Marion L.,
1355:Memorabilia Of Perth
1209:"Wellshill Cemetery"
1141:Perth: The Fair City
931:Perth: The Fair City
918:Perth: The Fair City
905:Perth: The Fair City
892:Perth: The Fair City
853:Perth: The Fair City
837:Perth: The Fair City
782:28 June 2009 at the
695:Great Flood of Perth
449:Mary, Queen of Scots
440:Scottish Reformation
321:1745 Jacobite rising
174:(1124–1153) granted
1095:. Vision of Britain
907:1993, p. 16/7.
879:Perth:The Fair City
866:Perth:The Fair City
724:Thomas Hay Marshall
400:Battle of the Clans
248:Edward I of England
190:was established by
1057:Regional Furniture
1029:Joseph Robertson,
688:Free Polish Forces
684:Wellshill Cemetery
624:A. K. Bell Library
561:
482:, the home of the
392:
390:in the High Street
359:, Scotland's only
357:Perth Charterhouse
283:Scottish Civil War
244:
236:
188:Blackfriars friary
168:
123:. The presence of
817:on 8 January 2006
622:, now houses the
537:Act of Settlement
523:English Civil War
492:Gowrie Conspiracy
1478:
1449:
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1288:. 2 January 2023
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1261:Dundee Hydrology
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851:Graham-Campbell
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835:Graham-Campbell
833:
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813:. Archived from
807:
801:
774:
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754:. Archived from
748:
702:New County Hotel
680:Second World War
644:Despite being a
609:Monthly Magazine
601:people's library
585:Queen's Barracks
541:Jacobite risings
519:Parliamentarians
511:crowned at Scone
484:Provost of Perth
347:), Observantine
256:Robert the Bruce
208:Vennels of Perth
186:or Blackfriars.
148:Stone of Destiny
121:John the Baptist
36:hunter-gatherers
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1393:Further reading
1384:Milne, Robert,
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1307:Devlin, Laura.
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1073:Court Historian
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784:Wayback Machine
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758:on 28 July 2007
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650:First World War
559:in Rose Terrace
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515:Oliver Cromwell
504:
476:Falkland Palace
468:Anne of Denmark
457:Presbyterianism
432:
396:trial by combat
394:The theatre of
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267:John of Balliol
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102:Kingdom of Alba
77:derives from a
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63:Roman legionary
21:Scottish Gaelic
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1339:. J. Christie.
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671:firstly, then
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488:Earl of Gowrie
472:James VI and I
470:, the wife of
453:Marie de Guise
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337:St John's Kirk
332:
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263:Edward Balliol
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117:St John's Kirk
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154:(1249–1286).
153:
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69:Early history
68:
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1312:
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1234:
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1203:
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1186:
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1157:
1148:
1143:1994, p.141.
1140:
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1118:
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815:the original
805:
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756:the original
746:
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636:tuberculosis
628:William Burn
613:
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317:South Street
308:River Almond
260:
245:
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192:Alexander II
169:
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1313:The Courier
1099:16 November
1031:Inventaires
920:1993, p.17.
894:1993, p.14.
678:During the
632:Dundee Road
592:Thomas Dick
557:Old Academy
464:Royal Entry
349:Franciscans
345:Blackfriars
313:High Street
300:Mill Street
144:Scone Abbey
137:Alexander I
133:Augustinian
29:prehistoric
1318:29 January
1292:29 January
1266:21 January
1240:21 January
1215:30 January
1193:16 January
1164:12 October
1125:16 January
933:1994, p.4.
881:1994, p.6.
868:1994, p.8.
855:1994, p.2.
839:1994, p.1.
821:5 February
762:5 February
734:References
527:South Inch
507:Charles II
445:Carthusian
438:began the
412:Robert III
408:North Inch
365:Carmelites
361:Carthusian
353:Greyfriars
341:Dominicans
325:Tay Street
304:Perth Lade
292:Perthshire
288:Edward III
184:Dominicans
65:fortress.
44:Bronze Age
33:Mesolithic
1447:23348996M
1420:25492548M
1362:15 August
611:in 1814.
590:In 1804,
587:in 1793.
539:came the
436:John Knox
426:in 1437.
424:Edinburgh
388:Fair Maid
377:Watergate
265:, son of
219:William I
146:that the
129:Kenneth I
91:River Tay
73:The name
55:River Tay
40:Neolithic
1465:Category
1439:22141784
1286:BBC News
795:Archived
780:Archived
739:Specific
667:(of the
656:(2000).
646:garrison
577:bleached
275:David II
204:Roxburgh
200:Aberdeen
51:mudflats
47:log boat
1427:"Perth"
1406:"Perth"
1372:Sources
1347:General
1093:"Perth"
596:Methven
573:leather
420:James I
402:pitted
373:Dunkeld
196:Berwick
172:David I
87:Britons
79:Pictish
53:of the
1445:
1437:
1418:
1000:
581:whisky
486:, the
355:) and
59:Carpow
25:Peairt
665:trams
569:Linen
252:ditch
246:King
176:burgh
170:King
125:Scone
113:Scots
95:Scots
83:Picts
75:Perth
17:Perth
1435:OCLC
1364:2009
1320:2023
1294:2023
1268:2023
1242:2023
1217:2013
1195:2018
1166:2018
1127:2018
1101:2014
998:ISBN
823:2009
764:2009
693:The
614:The
555:The
509:was
404:Clan
296:Fife
294:and
202:and
180:kirk
108:Toun
1235:BBC
1077:doi
973:doi
675:).
517:'s
478:to
210:).
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57:at
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1441:,
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