History of rugby league - Knowledge (XXG)

184:) soon became major events. England teams of the era were dominated by Lancashire and Yorkshire players. However these players were forbidden to earn any of the spoils of this newly-rich game. Predominantly working class teams found it difficult to play to their full potential because in many cases their time to play and to train was limited by the need to earn a wage. A further limit on the playing ability of working class teams was that working class players had to be careful how hard they played. If injured, they had to pay their own medical bills and possibly take time off work, which for a man earning a weekly wage could easily lead to financial hardship. 1053:, where his previous club, Western Suburbs—not to be confused with the Sydney club of the same name—sought to use him in the local league. They tried repeatedly to have Davies' suspension lifted, but the NSWRL refused. When Western Suburbs fielded him in a match the NSWRL disqualified most of the local officials for a year. Disgruntled Novocastrians formed a breakaway competition, which lasted until 1919. The fortunes of Glebe, both on the field and financially, did not improve greatly after the Davies affair, and it was expelled from the main NSWRL competition in 1929. 332: 1130:, the British government took a more benign view of professional sports, viewing them as a vital aid to public morale. Although normal leagues were suspended, a War Emergency League was established, with clubs playing separate Yorkshire and Lancashire sections to reduce the need for travel. This period also saw a temporary relaxation of the regulations prohibiting rugby union players from contact with rugby league. In an extraordinary development a team representing rugby league met a rugby union equivalent in two matches, held to raise money for the 1376:) meant that for the first time players were selected based on where they first played the game, rather than where they were currently playing. This had an immediate effect, evening up the competition, which had come to be dominated by New South Wales because of the financial strength of the Sydney clubs, and rousing greater pride in spectators as their players were considered more truly representative of their respective states. State of Origin matches are now some of the biggest and most keenly fought contests in Australian sport. 862: 1037:, and rugby league was no exception. In Britain, the government discouraged all professional sports, and the major competitions were abandoned. In Australia, the situation was slightly less serious, and rugby league continued. The rugby union authorities opted to suspend play throughout the war, and this decision is often cited as one of the prime reasons for the traditional dominance of rugby league over rugby union in Australia. 30: 116: 3520: 240:"broken time" payments (as compensation for the loss of income) to the detriment of northern clubs, who made up the majority of English rugby clubs. Payment for broken time was a proposal put forward by Yorkshire clubs that would allow players to receive up to six shillings (30p) (equivalent to £42 in present-day terms) when they missed work because of match commitments. The idea was voted down by the RFU. 625: 492: 193: 1541: 1584:, helped fund the proposal. The new competition got under way in 1996. As part of the deal, rugby league switched from a winter to a summer season. The British, Australian and New Zealand seasons are now played concurrently from March to October, and major international tournaments are now largely played in November. The French, however, have continued to play a winter season. 3530: 1794: 758: 722:...the game is but a recreation, and no recreation should become a business. But a man is perfectly justified in fortifying himself against being out of pocket when following recreative purposes. There can be no valid objection to a player being paid his actual out-of-pocket purposes while on tour—provided, of course, this course is not abused. If the 798:" (NSWRFL) should be formed, to play the Northern Union rules. This was the first time that the words "rugby" and "league" were used in the name of an Australian organising body. Players were soon recruited for the new game; despite the threat of immediate and lifetime expulsion from the New South Wales Rugby Union. The NSWRFL managed to recruit 784:

travelling New Zealand team "All Golds", a sardonic play on the nickname of the existing amateur New Zealand rugby team, the "All Blacks" and the supposed "mercenary" nature of the new code. The games were a great success; leaving the rugby rebels of Australia with much needed funds which soon proved to be vital for rugby league in Australia.

1259:(also the first tournament to be officially known as the "Rugby World Cup") in 1954. This competition has been held intermittently since then, in a variety of formats. Unlike many other sports the World Cup has never really been the pinnacle of the international game, that honour falling to international test series such as the 1330:

since the 1880s, and it was hoped that this would encourage more attacking play, and prevent teams from simply playing to maintain possession of the ball at all costs. Although successful in this respect, it was felt that four tackles did not give sufficient time to develop an attack, with play often

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In the Australian rugby stronghold of Sydney, issues of class and professionalism were beginning to cause friction. Rumours and claims of "shamateurism" (see Amateur sports) in the New South Wales Rugby Union were circulating. The growing tension was exacerbated by an incident in 1907, when a working

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For many years, the rugby union authorities had suspected that the French rugby union was abusing the idea of amateurism, and in the early 1930s the French Rugby Union was suspended from playing against the other nations. In 1932 the first rugby league match under floodlights is played between Leeds

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Apart from the blow presented by the sudden and premature death of Baskerville, other difficulties would soon trouble the game in New Zealand. In some ways, the All Golds were too successful for the good of New Zealand rugby league, as many team members soon accepted lucrative contracts with British

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The rugby union authorities took drastic action, issuing sanctions against clubs, players and officials involved in the new organisation. This extended even to amateurs who played with or against Northern Union sides. Consequently, northern clubs that existed purely for social and recreational rugby

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The rules of the sport had continued to evolve, and until the 1940s there was no world governing body to oversee this and ensure consistency. Negotiations between the respective governing bodies were required to fix rules to be used for tours, though generally the other nations took their lead from

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arrived in Britain late in 1907 having never even seen a match played under the new Northern Union laws. They undertook a week's intensive coaching in Leeds to bring them up to speed, and after playing a number of touring matches the first true rugby league test was played, with the team going down

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protested that Davies lived within their designated recruiting area. Glebe were deducted two competition points and Davies received a lifetime ban. Many Glebe players already believed the NSWRL was biased against them and they went on strike; the league responded by suspending the first grade team

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In Australasia, the game centred around local, regional or statewide leagues, and there were no national competitions in either country until late in the 20th century. In both Australia and New Zealand, club championships were based on one set of home and away matches leading to a play-off, rather

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a friend in Sydney to enquire whether there might be any support for a tour by his New Zealand professional team. Word reached Giltinan, who took great interest. Giltinan announced that he had invited Baskerville's team to play three matches in Sydney. The Australian press responded by dubbing the

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This period also saw further alterations to the rules of the sport. In 1964 substitutes were allowed for the first time, but only for players injured before half-time. In 1966 limited tackles were introduced. In 1967 professional matches were first allowed on Sundays. Also this year the number of

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In August 1893, Huddersfield signed star players George Boak and John 'Jock' Forsyth from Carlisle-based club, Cummersdale Hornets. The transfer was sudden and both men were summoned to appear before Carlisle Magistrates' Court for leaving their jobs without giving proper notice. Huddersfield was

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In 1893 Yorkshire clubs complained that southern clubs were over-represented on the RFU committee and that committee meetings were held in London at times that made it difficult for northern members to attend. By implication they were arguing that this affected the RFU's decisions on the issue of

1505:"Thirteen-man rugby league has shown itself to be a faster, more open game of better athletes than the other code. Rugby union is trying to negotiate its own escape from amateurism, with some officials admitting that the game is too slow, the laws too convoluted to attract a larger TV following." 590:

As it became obvious that two codes of rugby were going to co-exist for the foreseeable future, those interested in the game needed to be able to distinguish between them. It became customary to describe those teams affiliated to the NU as 'playing in the league' hence "rugby league" while those

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followed. However press claims at the time that the "flood-gates" had opened proved to be more sensational than portentous. By the end of the decade, the flow of league players moving on big-money contracts to union seemed to have stabilised, and in fact in many cases this actually proved to be

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was played before a crowd of around 20,000, with the Rugby League side winning 29–26. That year rugby union and rugby league had similar gate receipts. By 1910 league's had doubled and by 1913 rugby union's receipts were less than 10% of its competitors'. Union had to relinquish leases on major

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Post Office in 1906: a colleague had a coughing fit and dropped a British newspaper. Baskerville picked it up and noticed a report about a Northern Union match that over 40,000 people had attended. Baskerville wrote to the NRFU asking if they would host a New Zealand touring party. George Smith

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and overseas by New South Welsh clubs. Within the space of several years, the Sydney-based league had come to dominate the code within Australia. The large profits accrued from gambling have always been controversial; many questioned the morality of such an income stream and felt that it would

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Looking round for an alternative, many French players turned to rugby league, which soon became the dominant game in France, particularly in the south west of the country. The arrival of a French team on the international scene allowed more variety in the touring pattern, and also for the

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was founded, and in early July, informal club games were played in Brisbane. Later that month there were three representative games against NSW, and these acted as selection trials for a national team. The first game was also notable for a Queensland tackle which rendered one NSW player,

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clubs have been endeavouring to secure a sufficient relaxation of the laws to permit the payment to players of actual out of pocket expenses (including loss of wages) incurred whilst playing for their clubs, but every proposition to that effect has been successfully combatted by the

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to administer its own separate competition. Similar schisms occurred later in Australia and New Zealand in 1907. Gradually the rugby played in these breakaway competitions evolved into a distinctly separate sport that took its name from the professional leagues that administered it.

1201:, when over 69.8 million paying customers attended all matches. On Saturday 10 November 1951 the first televised international rugby league match was broadcast from Station Road, Swinton, where Great Britain met New Zealand in the second Test of that 1951 series. 718:, but rugby union's strong grassroots organisation and finances in New Zealand—its "veiled professionalism" in the eyes of many observers at the time—meant that rugby league was unable to become quite as dominant there as in some regions of Australia and England. 1782:, the second tier of British Rugby League for 2018. As of October 2018, Toronto's owner stated his intention of setting up a new franchise in Canada, whilst a New York City based team expressed their interest to join Toronto in the British rugby league system. 247:

The severity of the punishments for "broken time" payments and their widespread application to northern clubs and players contributed to a growing sense of frustration and absence of fair play. Meanwhile, there was an obvious comparison with the professional

1282:", some of which became palatial "homes away from home" for their supporters. The pokie windfall stemmed the steady trickle of Australian players to the better-financed clubs in England, and led to increased recruiting of rugby union and league players from 1447:) described allegations of corruption within the NSWRL, including suggestions that officials were siphoning funds from particular clubs and international matches while players and spectators endured sub-standard facilities. As a result of the programme, a 1137:

In Australia, the war years produced large crowds, and financially at least, the sport did not suffer the hardships endured during the First World War. Nonetheless, the loss of many young men in fighting undoubtedly weakened the talent pool available.

1627:, one of the founding members of the original NSWRL, led to mass protests. Although Souths did not participate in the NRL during 2000 and 2001, a Federal Court decision in July 2001 paved the way for them to return to the league in 2002. 985:

players "moved north" to the major English clubs, attracted by the opportunity to earn money playing rugby. (It was not until rugby union officially allowed professionalism, in the late 20th century that this supply of talent ceased.)

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since the disastrous 2000 tournament. The 2008 competition was heralded as a great success, turning a significant profit, and was generally seen as a major step forwards in the development of the international game. In addition, the

1306:, it proved a success, and rugby league has featured on television ever since, to the point where (like most sports) income from selling broadcasting rights is the single greatest source of revenue for the game. In Australia the 1152:

The consequences of this action still reverberate; the assets were never returned, and although the ban on rugby league was lifted, it was prevented from calling itself rugby from 1949 to the mid-1980s, having to use the name

701:; a surprising choice of venues given rugby league's northern base. The tour was a great success, and gave a much needed boost to the game in Britain, which was struggling financially against the rise of association football. 1675:

positive for rugby league, with the money gained from transfer fees being used to fund expansion and additional youth development in Britain and with many of the star crossover players returning to rugby league in Australia.

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Although many forms of football had been played across the world, it was only during the second half of the 19th century that these games began to be codified. In 1871, English clubs playing the version of football played at

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and featured a number of Welsh former rugby union internationals. Several Wallabies players changed codes to play against this touring team, which was anticipated to be one of the best sides ever to visit Australasia.

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The game needs to be aware of it and take steps to ensure that it doesn't become a flood. We need to ensure we can pay our senior players as much as we can and we need to make sure our international football is up to

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With the professionalism of rugby union, several high-profile league players changed codes, with varying degrees of success. Australian RU administrators appeared to be targeting league internationals when in 2001/02

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also accused of offering cash inducements for the players to move clubs contrary to the strict rules of the RFU. After an investigation, Huddersfield eventually received a long suspension from playing matches.

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went professional, and those who had long derided rugby league as merely a professional version of that game were soon predicting the demise of the sport. The Super League war, the financial problems of the

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An increasing number of Australian and New Zealand players headed for the bigger pay packets on offer in England, many of them destined never to be seen again on the playing fields of their home countries.

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Baskerville died from illness on the Australian leg of the tour, but the professional rugby movement lived on, pushing forward in New Zealand despite strong opposition from the rugby union establishment.

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was set up during the decade and as a result the game saw massive advances in both the quality and quantity of international competition. The game in France saw a renaissance, largely as a result of the

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was banned by the New South Wales Rugby League in 1922, however this method of scoring was not officially recognised as being removed from the game until 1950, when the British authorities banned it.

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being characterised by pure panic. In 1971, the number of tackles allowed was increased to six, and has remained so ever since. That year the value of field goals was reduced as well, from 2 to 1.

4275: 981:, with several teams being formed in the country. None of these ventures lasted long, however Wales remained a source of playing talent for rugby league. Over the years many hundreds of Welsh 522:

of the game. Other new laws were gradually introduced until, by the arrival of the All Golds in 1907 the major differences between the games had been introduced. These major differences were:

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Internationally, the game had settled into a steady pattern of alternating tours, with either Australia or New Zealand visiting Britain once every two years, and Britain reciprocating in the

990: 347:, usually called the Northern Union (NU). This was effectively the birth of rugby league, the name adopted by the sport in 1922. Twenty clubs had agreed to resign from the Rugby Union, but 813:, and has continued to be played every year since (despite changes in administration and name), eventually going national and becoming the world's premier rugby football club competition. 825:. Nevertheless, their notices have been most favourable. "A brilliant game." "Intense excitement." "The crowd roared itself hoarse." "One of the most exciting games ever seen in Sydney." 1290:

1961 saw the first televised game of rugby league in Australia. In the UK live coverage of professional rugby league began in the early 1960s, exposing the game to a national audience.

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is to be popularised in New Zealand, its promoters must make such provisions as will keep it free from such abuses. It must be entirely free from straight-out bastard professionalism.

661:, against a professional NSW rugby team. These games were played under rugby union laws, as no copies of the Northern Union laws were available. Baskerville was greatly impressed by 4240: 2683: 881:. Observers of the new game were shocked when Albert Baskerville fell ill in Brisbane and died of pneumonia. Test series between Great Britain and New Zealand are played for the 1532:, which saw the game split between rival competitions. This event affected the sport across the world during the middle of decade, and the damage done is only now being undone. 196:

A cartoon lampooning the divide in rugby. The caricatures are of Rev. Frank Marshall, an arch-opponent of broken-time payments and James Miller, a long-time opponent of Marshall

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resulting from professionalism in rugby union led to an increase in numbers in the amateur game, with many rugby union amateurs keen to try out the other code. In 2004 the

1243:, travelled to Australia and defeated their host in a three test series in 1951. On their return to France the victorious team were greeted by an estimated 100,000 fans in 4260: 1426:

hooker Barry Jensen became the first player sent there. In 1983 the number of points awarded for scoring a try increased from three to four. Also in 1983, the Australian

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The strength of support for rugby grew over the following years, and large paying crowds were attracted to major matches, particular in Yorkshire, where matches in the

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Final was the first rugby league match to be televised. All spectator sports in the United Kingdom experienced a surge in interest in the years following the end of

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regime banned rugby league and forced players, clubs and officials to switch codes to union. Assets of the rugby league and its clubs were handed over to union.

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and rugby league boomed. Large crowds came to be expected as the norm for a period of around 20 years. The total crowds for the British season hit a record in

1383:) was admitted to the professional ranks. In Australia, the first sides from outside the Sydney metropolitan area entered the top-flight competition in. In 4375: 3257: 1379:

The 1980s also saw attempts to improve rugby league's popularity outside its traditional geographical boundaries. In Great Britain a new team from London (

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on Wednesday, 5 May 1954. The officially recorded attendance was at 102,569 (a record for a single match of rugby league that stood until 107,999 watched

4285: 3475: 3374: 1236:). It is estimated that a further 20,000 spectators were present, as many got in free after a section of fencing collapsed. Warrington beat Halifax 8–4. 1439:, aired an episode entitled "The Big League". The programme was to have repercussions throughout Australian sport, and in the wider community. Reporter 1727:

entry into Super League, while large advances were made in other countries such as Wales and New Zealand, who finished the decade as world champions.

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than the multiplicity of trophies available to British clubs. Rugby league quickly took over from rugby union as the most popular form of football in

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A meeting was held at Bateman's Crystal Hotel in Sydney on 8 August 1907, to organise professional rugby in Australia. Giltinan, Burdon and the Test

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were introduced, thus completing a structure that was to last until the 1960s. There were therefore four trophies on offer to any one club, and the "

571:, with only a limited number of inter-county games. This necessitated a play-off structure to determine the overall champions. A nationwide cup, the 3566: 3185: 2040: 1486: 1384: 810: 686: 1528:

The 1990s saw the importance of television income to the sport continue to rise, and a battle for control of television rights led to the infamous

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Although the clubs continued to play, many of them were short of players due to the fighting. In 1917, Australia's first rugby league club, the

1030:. The amateur code still held sway in New Zealand, although the emergence of rugby league meant that it was no longer unrivalled in popularity. 3390: 1730:

In Australia in 2009, rugby league's popularity was confirmed as it had the highest official television ratings figures of any sporting event.

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This period also saw growth in crowds in Australia, New Zealand and France. This was a golden age for the French, who led by the incomparable

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began to affiliate to the Northern Union, whilst retaining amateur status. By 1904 the new body had more clubs affiliated to it than the RFU.

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The separate Lancashire and Yorkshire competitions of the NRFU merged in 1901, forming the Northern Rugby Football League. Also in 1901,

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that the game really took hold. Here rugby was largely a working class game, whilst the south eastern clubs were largely middle class.

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became the first £100 transfer, from Bramley to Salford. The NRFU became the Northern Rugby Football League in the summer of 1922.

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was able to report a return to profitability, a reunified structure and a 94% increase in registered players in just two years.

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became the first high-profile Australian sports person and first rugby footballer in the world to come out to the public as gay.

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and the first in the world. After a series of meetings in 1903 the club committee decided to leave the rugby code and switch to

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That is a professional team makes little difference to the crowd of Sydney people who want to see football. That it plays the

877:, the great rival of NSW in rugby. On 16 May 1908, the returning New Zealanders played a hastily assembled Queensland team in 359:, had telegraphed the meeting requesting admission to the new organisation and was duly accepted with a second Cheshire club, 4332: 4311: 3996: 3783: 2567: 2155: 1655: 1460: 831: 658: 2242: 2320: 3247: 3227: 3146: 1686: 1430: 1045: 371: 2445: 4395: 4342: 4192: 3986: 3559: 3178: 3081: 2633: 1475:

and the commission are widely credited with widespread improvements in the administration of rugby league in Australia.

920: 473: 469: 1298:, made the decision to screen rugby league games from a new competition specially designed for evening televising, the 3152: 1833: 1752: 1734: 1714: 1636: 1620: 1256: 1225: 600: 568: 177: 94: 256:. In this environment, the next logical step was for the northern rugby clubs to form their own professional league. 2124: 4361: 3444: 2706: 1522: 1178: 1050: 1044:(founded on 9 January 1908), unleashed controversy when it fielded a player named Dan "Laddo" Davies. Local rivals 609:, toured Britain, they witnessed first-hand the growing popularity of the Northern Union games. In 1906, All Black 462: 340: 1501:. Expansion occurred again in 1995, with the addition to the League of teams from Perth, Townsville and Auckland. 4556: 4445: 4306: 4169: 3778: 3692: 3533: 3424: 3237: 2572: 1828: 1373: 1357: 1342:. In 1976 Sydney club Eastern Suburbs set a precedent with a major sponsor, City Ford appearing on their jersey. 1087: 1041: 1027: 747: 86: 2150: 2013: 1962: 4485: 4475: 2898: 2874: 2068: 1260: 952: 635: 628: 576: 229: 69: 331: 2840: 4465: 4440: 4046: 4001: 3843: 3552: 3523: 3449: 3171: 1775: 1639:

and the signing of several high-profile rugby league stars by the union game gave ammunition to this claim.

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became the most watched sport on television. The game also developed a significant place in the culture of

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declared that they would support their Yorkshire colleagues in their proposal to form a Northern Union.

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In 2017 rugby league saw its first professional club outside of Europe or Australasia/Oceania when the

947:. Thirteen of the players immediately joined rugby league teams. By the northern winter of 1908–09, an 673: 518:

laws. The first minor change (awarding a penalty for a deliberate knock-on) was introduced during the

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is in its favour with the crowd. The Sydney newspapers are, generally speaking, supporters of the

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championship, posing with the shield awarded. The club was the first rugby league champion of the

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Rugby Disunion: A Two-part History of the Formation of the Northern Union: Volume 1: Broken-time

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which had been formed in 1888, comprising 12 association football clubs, six of whom were from

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which remained affiliated to the RFU (who did not play in a league) as playing "rugby union".

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George Hotel, where club representatives met to form the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895

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In the late 1980s, rugby league competitions were launched or continued to expand in Russia,

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Barbarians, Gentlemen And Players: A Sociological Study Of The Development Of Rugby Football

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was founded in 1983 to develop legal betting on rugby league, and was a resounding success.

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The historic events that led to the 1895 rugby split were the subject of Mick Martin's play

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based in England, the Australian and Great British Test teams played an exhibition game at

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against each other. Although matches between the two had taken place for many years, the

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became the first football grand final of any code to be televised live in Australia. The

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By the 1920s the Queensland Rugby League had established itself as a force to rival the

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team of 1875, one of the early rugby football clubs that then switched to rugby league

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was introduced, and soon became the biggest draw in the sport. Finally, in 1905, the

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A centenary of Rugby League 1908–2008: the definitive story of the game in Australia

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in Paris in late December 1933. The French Rugby League was formed on 6 April 1934.

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Later in 1909, when New Zealand toured Australia, the home team's jersey featured a

567:, after initially being played as one competition, was split into two sections, the 4099: 3875: 3813: 3628: 3596: 3404: 3308: 2968: 1807: 1756: 1738: 1573: 1569: 1468: 1423: 1323: 1315: 1194: 1146: 1065: 956: 818: 723: 435: 399: 284: 225: 166: 128: 65: 3140: 2499:"Messenger can watch a better league broadcast in the US than south of the border" 624: 491: 339:

Two days later, on 29 August 1895, representatives of twenty-two clubs met in the

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The Rugby League matches continue to command more public interest than the Union.

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The All Golds tour also served to kick start the game in the Australian state of

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clubs. Baskerville's game would soon establish a strong following, especially in

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clubs, who object to the innovation as being the introduction of the thin end of

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A slightly different scoring structure, with all goals only being worth 2 points

423: 192: 154: 1936:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1349:

made headlines when he became the first rugby league player to admit to taking

1204:

The surge in public interest in the sport was further demonstrated by the 1954

977:

The early years of the 20th century also saw attempts to establish the game in

757: 4316: 4134: 3948: 3895: 3880: 3870: 3823: 3633: 3328: 3313: 3298: 1789: 1703: 1671: 1651: 1576:

for broadcasting rights for the sport in Australia. A large sum of money from

1540: 1392: 1361: 1283: 1177:

This situation endured until 1948, when at the instigation of the French, the

1023: 874: 698: 643:

learned of Baskerville's activities and they joined forces to recruit a team.

639: 606: 580: 260: 143: 1748:

Grand Final was the highest rated television show for the year in Australia.

4124: 4119: 3885: 3838: 3720: 3652: 3318: 2960: 2880:

Rugby's Great Split: Class, Culture and the Origins of Rugby League Football

1244: 685:

on 1 January 1908. The All Golds gained revenge however, defeating the full

657:

When the All Golds stopped off in Australia, three games were played at the

391: 356: 305: 213: 147: 1774:

entered the British Rugby League system in the third division. Toronto won

1326:

was limited to four tackles. The concept of limited tackles had existed in

1247:. They repeated the feat in France 1952–53 and again in Australia in 1955. 3104:

A people's game: the centenary history of rugby league football, 1895–1995

1741:

in front of 74,468, the largest crowd to attend an international fixture.

969:

for the first time, giving them the enduring nickname of "The Kangaroos".

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entered the competition. Several clubs were either forced to merge (e.g.

1412: 1400: 1217: 1182: 966: 940: 878: 780: 732: 715: 682: 526:

13 players per team as opposed to 15 in union (the two "missing" are the

352: 205: 170: 162: 2904:

Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain: A Social and Cultural History

1820:– an annual lecture celebrating the history of rugby league in Australia 4144: 3900: 3348: 1419: 1404: 1303: 1056:

In November 1921 in England, the first £1,000 transfer fee took winger

959: 904:

began in 1909. On 8 May the first match was played in Brisbane between

788: 360: 2596:"Australia Faces England at Wembley : A Final of Rugby Favorites" 1334:

In Britain's 1971–72 season, sponsors first entered the game: brewers

1099:

and Wigan at White City in London. Following development work by both

503:

The first international rugby league match took place in 1904 between

4154: 4011: 3966: 3611: 894: 468:

Similar schisms in football were threatened by the formations of the

158: 139: 4353: 2041:"100 years of rugby league: From the great divide to the Super era" 1572:, primarily as a way to gain the upper hand during his battle with 634:

In the meantime, a less-well known New Zealand rugby union player,

1581: 1539: 1255:

The French were the driving force behind the staging of the first

978: 860: 844:" code was still in its infancy in Australia, a match between the 756: 690: 623: 490: 330: 317:

pure and simple. And this is really the gist of the whole matter.

209: 3544: 3163: 1693:

becoming the first current Australian test player to be lured to

1161:, in reference to the number of players in a rugby league side). 4104: 3763: 3700: 2711: 1295: 4357: 3548: 3167: 3158: 951:

was heading for Great Britain, and the test series was dubbed "

2441: 2288: 2286: 1553: 1403:) entered the competition. As a result of a lucrative illegal 853:

sporting grounds, with most being taken over by rugby league.

514:

Initially the Northern Union continued to play under existing

1455:) was called. It led to the New South Wales chief magistrate 1360:

was played in Australia. This pitted teams representative of

653:

1907–08 New Zealand rugby tour of Australia and Great Britain

2736:"Rugby League World Cup 2013: A joy that must not be wasted" 794:

were among those who attended. The meeting resolved that a "

689:

side in two of the three Test matches, which were played at

563:

began to develop the British game's major tournaments. The

537:" (heeling the ball back after a tackle) rather than a ruck 991:

1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand

776:

team, and received no compensation for his time off work.

259:

On 27 August 1895, as a result of an emergency meeting in

2532:

League of Legends: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia

2159:. Vol. LXXVII, no. 145. 12 June 1909. p. 3 1905:

League of Legends: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia

1049:

until the following April. Davies returned to his native

613:, while on his way home, met an Australian entrepreneur, 220:(RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the 85:

went on to set attendance and player payment records and

366:

The twenty-two clubs and their years of foundation were

1737:

was held in Europe, with the final played at England's

1463:' career and the ABC being sued for libel by NSW State 1568:

approached the English clubs with a view to forming a

802:, the most famous rugby player in Sydney at the time. 200:

In 1892, charges of professionalism were laid against

135:. Many new rugby clubs were formed, and it was in the 1181:(RLIF) was formed at a meeting on 25 January 1948 in 2813:

The Rugby Rebellion – The Divide of League and Union

2073:"'Where's George?': League's Forgotten Feature Film" 1603:, which commenced in 1998. The first ever team from 1489:

saw the first Queensland teams added to the league:

1422:' rule was introduced in rugby league in Australia. 4325: 4294: 4233: 4185: 4092: 4067: 4029: 4020: 3957: 3926: 3804: 3734: 3691: 3582: 3488: 3458: 3412: 3403: 3383: 3357: 3281: 3210: 3201: 3159:

Rugby League from the Hardman Era – Era Of The Biff

1755:with promotion and relegation reintroduced between 1599:agreeing to merge their competitions to create the 1353:, which at the time were not illegal in the sport. 1026:. The rest of the country was already dominated by 2241:. Australia: Queensland Newspapers. Archived from 2151:"Why they lost the first three games in australia" 1287:inevitably lead to financial turmoil and scandal. 1141:The defeat of France had serious implications for 617:to discuss the potential of professional rugby in 97:and several other Pacific Island nations, such as 1471:(who eventually settled out of court). Masters, 605:In 1905, as New Zealand's rugby union team, the 483:, the first dramatic treatment of rugby league. 3155:at rlheritage.co.uk (Archive, 10 February 2011) 2233:"Leo Donovan special guest at BRL celebrations" 1778:in their first season and won promotion to the 1677: 1503: 1497:, as well as another team from outside Sydney, 1000: 815: 720: 302: 3083:At the George and Other Essays on Rugby League 2994:Gone North: Welshmen in Rugby League: volume 1 1536:Switch to Summer Rugby and World Cup Expansion 1318:had paid $ 5,000 for the broadcasting rights. 4369: 3560: 3179: 2715:. New Zealand: Television New Zealand Limited 2097:Nauright, John & Charles Parrish (2010). 1322:times a team could retain possession after a 1187:1947–48 Northern Rugby Football League season 1033:Sport in general suffered as a result of the 962:matches, contested by Australia and England. 351:felt unable to comply with the decision. The 8: 2538:. National Museum of Australia. p. 27. 995:1909–10 Northern Rugby Football Union season 487:Development of rugby league in Great Britain 2131:. New Zealand. 19 September 1908. p. 3 1908:. National Museum of Australia. p. 5. 4376: 4362: 4354: 4026: 3567: 3553: 3545: 3409: 3207: 3186: 3172: 3164: 2185:. New Zealand. 6 September 1909. p. 4 1170:the British authorities. For example, the 709:Early setbacks for the game in New Zealand 224:that toured Australia, and the account of 101:, where it has become the national sport. 2351:"The Development of British Rugby League" 1932:inflation figures are based on data from 1889:Bradford City A Complete Record 1903–1988 1459:being jailed, the end of NSWRL president 3032:Ian Heads & David Middleton (2008). 2658:"Aussie coach warns rugby league bosses" 2408:Best of British: Hendo's sporting heroes 2375:Demsteader, Christine (1 October 2000). 1862:A History of Bradford City Football Club 939:, for which the team had received three 191: 188:The schism and the birth of rugby league 114: 28: 2411:. UK: Yellow Jersey Press. p. 85. 2271:. Australia. 13 August 1910. p. 54 1849: 1587:After the 1997 season in Australia the 993:, the first ever, took place after the 2790:"Winners and losers in TV ratings war" 2788:Rawsthorne, Sally (28 November 2015). 2707:"League becomes Australia's top sport" 2524: 2522: 1963:"- Huddersfield Rugby League Heritage" 1662:. Other high-profile players, such as 1658:all switched and soon represented the 772:, broke his arm while playing for the 76:broke away from England's established 2684:"Participation in rugby league booms" 2467:Eric Dunning, Kenneth Sheard (2005). 2207:Sport in Australian national identity 1713:In 2008, rugby league held its first 1179:Rugby League International Federation 890:Queensland Rugby Football Association 796:New South Wales Rugby Football League 7: 3529: 3059:The history of Rugby League football 3014:Rugby League: an illustrated history 2842:The Dogs qualify for my top eight... 1485:A further expansion to the NSWRL in 499:: Batley (left) vs St Helens (right) 2827:Illustrated History of Rugby League 1864:. bantamspast.co.uk. Archived from 1751:In 2015, the league went through a 1704:discrimination against rugby league 1302:. Although it was widely seen as a 511:, mostly made up of Welsh players. 2762:Colin Vickery (12 November 2014). 2734:Fletcher, Paul (1 December 2013). 2656:news.bbc.co.uk (7 February 2001). 1839:List of defunct rugby league clubs 1407:market having developed since the 912:before a handful of spectators at 25: 3147:Rugby League History and Heritage 2974:Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players 2866:One hundred years of Rugby League 2355:Wakefieldtrinity-programmes.co.uk 2321:"75 Years of French Rugby League" 926: 902:Brisbane Rugby League premiership 840:In September 1909, when the new " 3528: 3519: 3518: 2977:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 336. 2705:Newstalk ZB (21 December 2009). 2627:Peter, O'Shea (3 October 1995). 2594:Ian, Thomsen (28 October 1995). 2039:Baker, Andrew (20 August 1995). 1792: 1720:Rugby League European Federation 1443:(the brother of league identity 1399:(based in the national capital, 955:" by the press, in imitation of 569:Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues 363:, admitted at the next meeting. 3258:International eligibility rules 3135:A brief history of rugby league 2764:"Revealed: 2014's top TV shows" 2690:. 2 August 2004. Archived from 2566:Curtin, Jennie (11 July 1998). 2377:"Rugby League's home from home" 2231:Pramberg, Bernie (2 May 2009). 1564:was being fought in Australia, 1300:BBC2 Television Floodlit Trophy 4333:Attempts to ban football games 4312:Australian rules football card 3017:. Arthur Barker. p. 160. 2473:. UK: Routledge. p. 194. 1623:), or folded. The omission of 556:for more on the current game. 105:Rugby union before the schisms 1: 3137:at St. George Dragons website 2945:. T.R. Delaney. p. 152. 2926:. T.R. Delaney. p. 117. 2839:Heads, Ian (25 August 2002). 2319:Lyle, Beaton (7 April 2009). 2294:"The History of Rugby League" 577:Lancashire and Yorkshire Cups 345:Northern Rugby Football Union 263:, prominent Lancashire clubs 228:of his payments to represent 74:Northern Rugby Football Union 4286:Rugby league and rugby union 3101:Moorhouse, Geoffrey (1995). 1989:"Rugby League's leading man" 1967:Huddersfieldrlheritage.co.uk 935:returned from a tour of the 474:Amateur Football Association 470:British Football Association 343:, Huddersfield, to form the 304:For several years past, the 4276:Gaelic and Australian rules 4261:Association and rugby union 3143:at RugbyFootballHistory.com 1834:Rugby league in New Zealand 1735:2013 Rugby League World Cup 1637:2000 Rugby League World Cup 1621:St George Illawarra Dragons 1358:first State of Origin match 1345:In 1977 Australian forward 1226:St George Illawarra Dragons 933:Australian rugby union team 835:(New Zealand), 12 June 1909 601:Rugby league in New Zealand 595:Introduction to New Zealand 476:in 1907, but were averted. 157:, especially the cities of 4573: 3107:. Hodder & Stoughton. 2996:. R.E. Gate. p. 160. 1702:In Britain, the ending of 1685:Australian national coach 745: 650: 598: 326:Newspaper, 26 October 1895 108: 4406:Australian rules football 4391: 4307:Association football card 4266:Canadian and rugby league 4246:American and rugby league 3514: 2971:; Kenneth Sheard (1979). 2924:The Roots of Rugby League 2869:. Australia: New Holland. 2573:The Sydney Morning Herald 2529:Middleton, David (2008). 1829:Rugby league in Australia 1482:and the Pacific islands. 1374:Australian rules football 1274:legalised the playing of 1216:, held at Odsal Stadium, 1088:Australian rules football 1028:Australian rules football 800:Herbert "Dally" Messenger 748:Rugby league in Australia 742:Introduction to Australia 497:Challenge Cup Final, 1897 87:rugby league in Australia 4271:Canadian and rugby union 4251:American and rugby union 3086:. Sceptre. p. 176. 2941:Delaney, Trevor (1993). 2922:Delaney, Trevor (1984). 2298:Rugby League Information 2179:"Kangaroos v. Wallabies" 1090:was trialled only once. 949:Australian touring party 805:The first season of the 636:Albert Henry Baskerville 629:Albert Henry Baskerville 509:Other nationalities team 70:West Riding of Yorkshire 4547:History of rugby league 3129:History of Rugby League 2438:History of Rugby League 2100:Sports around the World 1934:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1597:Australian Rugby League 1453:Street Royal Commission 1372:concept (borrowed from 1105:Australian Rugby League 885:, named in his memory. 867:Queensland Rugby League 559:During this period the 540:The elimination of the 222:1888 British Isles team 83:Rugby league in England 58:history of rugby league 18:History of Rugby League 4471:Professional wrestling 4302:American football card 4281:Gaelic and rugby union 4256:Association and futsal 1813:History of rugby union 1700: 1689:following the news of 1625:South Sydney Rabbitohs 1557: 1519: 1257:Rugby League World Cup 1251:Birth of the World Cup 1143:rugby league in France 1015: 945:out-of-pocket expenses 927:Rugby league's "Ashes" 870: 838: 764: 739: 631: 500: 336: 319: 197: 123: 111:History of rugby union 60:as a separate form of 53: 4241:American and Canadian 3011:Gate, Robert (1989). 2992:Gate, Robert (1986). 2825:Gate, Robert (1989). 2794:Dailytelegraph.com.au 1746:National Rugby League 1708:Rugby Football League 1601:National Rugby League 1591:came to an end, with 1544:Modern rugby league: 1543: 1294:, then controller of 1208:Final Replay between 1165:Post-war developments 1121:European Championship 1109:Rugby Football League 864: 760: 627: 554:Rugby league gameplay 494: 334: 195: 118: 109:Further information: 64:goes back to 1895 in 32: 4401:Association football 4115:English school games 3153:Rugby League History 2811:Fagan, Sean (2005). 1902:Fagan, Sean (2008). 1338:and cigarette brand 1086:of rugby league and 973:Pre-war developments 865:The Founders of the 611:George William Smith 218:Rugby Football Union 133:Rugby Football Union 78:Rugby Football Union 51:Bradford City A.F.C. 47:association football 4343:Oldest competitions 3987:International rules 3506:Oldest competitions 3440:Physical disability 3391:Olympic venues (7s) 3289:American flag rugby 3223:Oldest competitions 3078:Moorhouse, Geoffrey 2608:on 17 November 2011 2331:on 8 September 2012 2204:Ward, Tony (2010). 2129:NZ Truth, Issue 170 2049:. independent.co.uk 1550:Canterbury Bulldogs 1516:, 28 October 1995, 1082:In 1933 a proposed 1073:southern hemisphere 819:Northern Union game 736:, 19 September 1908 724:Northern Union game 565:league championship 49:, becoming current 4175:Uppies and Downies 3706:Lightning football 2629:"Out of the field" 2601:The New York Times 2497:(4 October 2009). 2245:on 6 February 2012 1930:Retail Price Index 1868:on 30 October 2013 1617:Illawarra Steelers 1613:St. George Dragons 1593:News International 1580:'s UK subsidiary, 1558: 1513:The New York Times 1389:Illawarra Steelers 1308:1967 NSWRFL season 1292:David Attenborough 1119:introduction of a 1103:(on behalf of the 1042:Glebe "Dirty Reds" 931:Also in 1908, the 883:Baskerville Shield 871: 807:NSWRFL competition 765: 632: 501: 337: 198: 124: 54: 37:team that won the 4534: 4533: 4396:American football 4385:History of sports 4351: 4350: 4110:Calcio Fiorentino 4088: 4087: 3542: 3541: 3484: 3483: 3471:Canadian football 3466:American football 3399: 3398: 3370:Canadian football 3365:American football 3268:Playing countries 3093:978-0-340-53038-2 3045:978-1-4050-3830-0 3038:. Pan Macmillan. 3003:978-0-9511190-0-6 2933:978-0-9509982-0-6 2829:. Arthur Barker. 2821:978-0-9875002-7-4 2694:on 15 March 2005. 2637:. Here Publishing 2568:"Simply the Best" 2555:on 17 March 2011. 2545:978-1-876944-64-3 2507:. Fairfax Digital 2210:. UK: Routledge. 2103:. 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3496:Burnside rules 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3414: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3384:Related topics 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3228:Dangerous play 3225: 3220: 3214: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3195:Rugby football 3193: 3191: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3149:at The RFL.com 3144: 3138: 3132: 3124: 3123:External links 3121: 3120: 3119: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3074: 3068: 3054:Macklin, Keith 3050: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3008: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2965: 2951: 2938: 2932: 2919: 2913: 2895: 2889: 2871: 2861:Alan Whiticker 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2847:The Sun-Herald 2837: 2823: 2807: 2806: 2780: 2754: 2726: 2697: 2675: 2648: 2619: 2586: 2558: 2544: 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Giltinan 596: 593: 583:" was to win " 561:Northern Union 548: 547: 544: 538: 531: 488: 485: 322:New Zealand's 301: 232:(NSW) against 202:rugby football 189: 186: 106: 103: 62:rugby football 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4569: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:Rowing sports 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4476:Rock climbing 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4372: 4367: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4356: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093:Ancient games 4091: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3861:American flag 3859: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3556: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3535: 3527: 3525: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3445:Playing field 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3114:0-340-62834-0 3110: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3069:0-09-120780-0 3065: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3024:0-213-16970-3 3020: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2984:0-85520-168-1 2980: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2969:Dunning, Eric 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2952:0-9509982-3-0 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2914:0-415-39615-8 2910: 2907:. Routledge. 2906: 2905: 2900: 2899:Collins, Tony 2896: 2892: 2890:0-415-39617-4 2886: 2883:. Routledge. 2882: 2881: 2876: 2875:Collins, Tony 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2835:0-213-16970-3 2832: 2828: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2781: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2755: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2623: 2620: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2587: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2562: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2533: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2482: 2480:9780714682907 2476: 2472: 2471: 2463: 2460: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2418:9780224082488 2414: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2403:Jon Henderson 2398: 2395: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2312: 2300:. napit.co.uk 2299: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2217:9781317987659 2213: 2209: 2208: 2200: 2197: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2110:9781598843019 2106: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2090: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069:Collins, Tony 2064: 2061: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2035: 2032: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2006: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1980: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1917: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1895: 1891:. p. 11. 1890: 1883: 1880: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1800:Sports portal 1790: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1668:Iestyn Harris 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1515: 1514: 1510:Ian Thomsen, 1506: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441:Chris Masters 1438: 1437: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1418:In 1981 the ' 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1347:Graham Olling 1343: 1341: 1337: 1336:Joshua Tetley 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324:play-the-ball 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1280:leagues clubs 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266:In 1956, the 1264: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206:Challenge Cup 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:Challenge Cup 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1010: 1003: 999: 996: 992: 987: 984: 980: 972: 970: 968: 963: 961: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937:British Isles 934: 924: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 868: 863: 856: 854: 851: 847: 843: 834: 833: 826: 824: 820: 814: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 790: 785: 782: 779:George Smith 777: 775: 771: 763: 759: 752: 749: 741: 735: 734: 727: 725: 719: 717: 711: 710: 706: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:Great Britain 684: 680: 675: 670: 668: 664: 660: 654: 649: 648: 644: 641: 637: 630: 626: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 602: 594: 592: 588: 586: 585:All Four Cups 582: 578: 574: 573:Challenge Cup 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 552: 545: 543: 539: 536: 535:play the ball 532: 529: 525: 524: 523: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 498: 493: 486: 484: 482: 477: 475: 471: 466: 464: 459: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 333: 328: 325: 318: 316: 312: 307: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 245: 241: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 194: 187: 185: 183: 182:T'owd Tin Pot 179: 178:Yorkshire Cup 174: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 151: 149: 145: 141: 138: 134: 130: 121: 117: 112: 104: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 31: 27: 19: 4552:Rugby league 4491:Rugby league 4490: 4466:Martial arts 4441:Field hockey 4338:Oldest clubs 4220:Rugby league 4219: 4165:Old Division 4054:Rugby league 3959:Hybrid codes 3934:Circle rules 3629:Keepie uppie 3501:Oldest clubs 3429: 3405:Rugby league 3375:Rugby league 3218:Competitions 3103: 3082: 3058: 3034: 3013: 2993: 2973: 2942: 2923: 2903: 2879: 2865: 2859:Ian Collis, 2846: 2841: 2826: 2812: 2797:. 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