94:
792:
that provides education mainly in cities and towns; the
Quranic schools prepare children for primary education by helping them develop basic literacy and numeracy skills. Quranic schools have the potential to become a major force in the fight against illiteracy. (timss)with approximately 80 percent of all children attending some form of Quranic school for some portion of their school years. In 2007 the gross enrollment rate of pre-primary students in Morocco was about 60 percent, with the GER of males being 69.4 percent and that for females 49.6 percent. The GER for females have been increasing since the past few years and for the males it has been about 69 percent since 2003.
783:. Then the responsibility of the provision of education services has been slowly devolving to the regional level. This decentralization process will ensure that education programs are responsive to regional needs and the budget is administered locally. Each region has a Regional Academy for Education and Training and a regional director who is senior to provincial delegates within the region. The regional academies will also be responsible for developing 30 percent of the curriculum so that it is locally relevant. The central level of the MNE continues to manage the other 70 percent. Also the delegations are charged with providing services for education in their regions.
444:, a total of only 1415 Moroccans had earned baccalaureate diplomas, 640 of whom were Muslims and 775 of whom were Jews. Additionally, under the Protectorate, only 15% of school-age children were in school. It was necessary to develop the educational system and a university network out of the limited resources left by the French in order to face the challenges awaiting the newly independent nation-state, such as "creating and consolidating state institutions, building a national economy, organizing civil society and the nascent political parties, establishing social protections for a needy population."
1008:
1032:
to the country's social and economic development requirements. The outcome was the promulgation of the 1999 National
Education and Training Charter (CNEF). The CNEF, with strong national consensus, declared 2000-2009 the decade for education and training, and established education and training as a national priority, second only to territorial integrity. The reform program, as laid out by the CNEF, also received strong support from the donor community. Nevertheless, during the course of implementation, the reform program encountered delays.
1023:
needs of the working population focused on continuous in-company training. Morocco and other
Maghreb countries are now fully committed to eradicate illiteracy. Morocco officially adopted its National Literacy and Non-formal Education Strategy in 2004. An integrated vision of literacy, development and poverty reduction was promoted by National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), launched by the King Mohammed VI in May 2005.
30:
901:
universities to improve the higher education in
Morocco. In addition, there are a large number of private universities. The total number of graduates at the tertiary level in 2007 was 88,137: the gross enrollment rate at the tertiary level is 11 percent and it has not fluctuated significantly in the past few years. Admission to public universities requires only a
1069:
various stakeholders. At the request of the
Government's highest authorities, a bold Education Emergency Plan (EEP) was drawn up to catch up on this reform process. The EEP, spanning the period 2009–12, draws on the lessons learned during the last decade. In this context, the Government requested five major donors (
1035:
In 2005 the
Moroccan government adopted a strategy with the objective of making ICT accessible in all public schools to improve the quality of teaching; infrastructure, teacher training and the development of pedagogical content was also part of this national programme. In August 2019, the government
954:
Despite having a number of private institutes the enrollment in private higher education institutes is still low, less than 3.5 percent of total university population. Private institutes also suffer from less qualified or inadequate staff. This is primarily due to inhibiting tuition costs. Curriculum
687:
The King announced the period between 1999 and 2009 as the "Education Decade." During this time the government's reform initiative focused on five main themes to facilitate the role of knowledge in economic development; the key themes were education, governance, private sector development, e-commerce
284:
Before the French
Protectorate, Jewish girls' schools were teaching reading and writing, as well as vocational workplace training through skills such as tailoring and laundering, and later reading, writing, and shorthand. In 1913, the French authorities replicated this system for Muslim girls in Salé
1031:
Improving the quality of outcomes in the education sector has become a key priority for
Morocco's government. A comprehensive renovation of the education and training system was developed in a participatory manner in 1998–99, which led to the vision for long-term expansion of this sector in response
993:
There has also been a high immigration rate of skilled workers, that is, the proportion of highly skilled emigrants among educated people is high. In this way
Morocco is losing a substantial proportion of its skilled work force to foreign countries, forming the largest migrant population among North
812:
for GER was 0.89, which shows that the issue of gender inequality persists at the primary level. The repetition rate at the primary level is 11.8 percent; the repetition rate for males at the primary level is 13.7 percent and for females it is 9.7 percent and the rates are declining for the past few
1068:
are implementing programs to improve the quality of education at the basic level and to provide training to teachers. The World Bank also provides assistance in infrastructure upgrades for all levels of education and offer skill development trainings and integrated employment creation strategies to
791:
According to the
National Charter, preprimary education is compulsory and available to all children under the age of 6. This level is open to children of ages 4–6 years old. There are two types of pre-primary schools in Morocco: kindergarten and Quranic schools. The kindergarten is a private school
308:
elitism shaped the educational system under the French Protectorate, and access to a modern education depended on a student's ethnicity and class, with separate educational opportunities for Europeans, Jews, and Muslims. Only a percentage of the children attending school were Muslim, and of these,
1022:
organizations to fight illiteracy. The NGO Programme launched in 1988 delivers literacy to 54% of all learners enrolled in adult literacy programmes. Ministerial and General Programme also focus on various ministries and community to deliver literacy programmes. In-Company programmes cater to the
860:
The gross enrollment rate (GER) at the secondary level in 2007 was 55.8 percent. But in secondary education the grade repetition and drop-out rates especially remain high. The gender parity index for GER at secondary level was 0.86 in 2007; it is not better than other Arab countries and reflects
761:
France is the number 1 destination for Moroccan students leaving the country to study abroad, receiving 57.7% of all Moroccans studying outside of Morocco. Moroccan students also represent the largest group of foreign students in France, at 11.7% of all international students at universities in
68:
School attendance is compulsory up to the age of 13. About 56% of young people are enrolled in secondary education, and 11% are in higher education. The government has launched several policy reviews to improve quality and access to education, and in particular to tackle a continuing problem of
984:
region has high rates of literacy. In Morocco, the adult literacy rate is still high at around 74 percent in 2018, thanks to concerted efforts being made since independence in 1956 to reduce the rate of illiteracy which at that time was 32 percent. Morocco is the 16 most literate in the Arab
900:
supported by the Ministry of Culture. The Karaouine University at Fes has been teaching since 859, making it the world's oldest continuously operating university. However, there are dozens of national and international universities like SIST British University that work along with the public
963:
Internal efficiency is also low with high dropout and repetition rates. There is also an unmet need of rising demand of middle schools after achieving high access rates in primary education. The problem is more acute in the rural schools due to inadequate supply and quality of instructional
774:
The education system in Morocco comprises pre-school, primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Government efforts to increase the availability of education services have led to increased access at all levels of education. Morocco's education system consists of 6 years of primary, 3 years of
2158:
Morocco Country Study Guide - Page 23 IBP USA - 2006 "Morocco is home to 14 public universities. Mohammed V University in Rabat is one of the country's most famous schools, with faculties of law, sciences, liberal arts, and medicine. Karaouine University, in Fes, is a longstanding center
955:
of especially the business schools is outdated and needs to be revised according to the changing demands of the labor market. Private sector companies also do not make sufficient contribution in providing working knowledge to professional institutes of the current business environment.
600:
blamed the events on teachers and parents, and declared: "Allow me to tell you that there is no greater danger to the State than a pseudo-intellectual, and you are pseudo-intellectuals. It would have been better if you were all illiterate.” In the aftermath, teachers were persecuted.
662:
By 1989, Arabization of all subjects across all grades in both primary and secondary public education was accomplished. However, French remained the medium of instruction for scientific subjects in technical and professional secondary schools, technical institutes and universities.
920:. According to the Ministry of Education the enrollment in Business Management increased by 3.1 percent in the year 2003-04 when compared to preceding year 2002–2003. Generally, an undergraduate business degree requires three years and an average of two years for master's degree.
402:, in an environment where Arabic influences were rigorously excluded." This hierarchical educational system was designed to "guarantee an indigenous elite loyal to France and ready to enter its service," though its permeability in practice made it a "vehicle of social mobility."
813:
years for both genders. The dropout rate at the primary level in 2006 was 22 percent, and is slightly higher for girls than boys, at 22 and 21 percent respectively. The dropout rates have been falling since 2003, but is still very high compared to other Arab countries, such as
778:
The education system is under the purview of the Ministry of National Education (MNE) and Ministry of Higher Education and Executive Training. The Ministry of National Education decentralized its functions to regional levels created in 1999 when 72 provinces were subsumed into
1742:
2116:
Morocco: challenges to tradition and modernity - Page 58 James N. Sater - 2009 "In addition to high drop-out rates at Morocco's public universities, this indicates that a growing proportion of Morocco's young population received
532:
807:
The gross enrollment rates (GER) at the primary level have been consistently rising in the 2000s. In 2007 the total GER at the primary level was 107.4 percent, with 112 percent for males and 101 percent for females. But the
64:
levels. School education is supervised by the Ministry of National Education, with considerable devolution to the regional level. Higher education falls under the Ministry of Higher Education and Executive Training.
2197:
yet for many Morocco's cultural, artistic and spiritual capital remains Fez. The best-preserved ... School has been in session at Karaouine University since 859, making it the world's oldest continuously operating
622:
described as a "crude and obvious attempt to foster a more conservative atmosphere within academia and to dampen enthusiasm for the radicalizing influences filtering in from Europe." The Minister of Education
409:
became apparent, and private Moroccan citizens, particularly of the bourgeois merchant class, started to found what would later become known as "free schools"—with modernized curricula and instruction in
2103:
2270:
Literacy Policies and Strategies in the Maghreb: Comparative Perspectives from Algeria, Mauritania and Morocco. Research paper prepared for the UNESCO Regional Conferences in Support of Global Literacy
557:
It was in 1963 that education was made compulsory for all Moroccan children between the ages of 6 through 13 and during this time all subjects were Arabized in the first and second grades, while
941:
To increase public accountability, the Moroccan universities have been evaluated since 2000, with the intention of making the results public to all stakeholders, including parents and students.
346:
vision for a class of bicultural Moroccan "gentlemen"—imbued with traditional ideals yet efficient in navigating modern bureaucratic systems—to fill roles in the country's administration.
2010:
304:
Protectorate officials were hesitant about education for general public, afraid that an educated populace would become a source of opposition to the colonial regime. Resident General
680:). In the same year, a committee for education was established with the goal of reforming the educational system in Morocco. On July 15, 2002, decree number 2.02.382 established the
893:
2572:
938:
Moroccan institutions have established partnerships with institutes in Europe and Canada and offer joint degree programs in various fields from well-known universities.
501:
1839:
727:
93:
2249:
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or not—still have a major presence in Morocco. In these schools, French is the language of instruction, and Arabic is only taught as a second language if at all.
972:
language issues: most of the children from Berber families hardly know any Arabic, which is the medium of instruction in schools, when they enter primary level.
2494:
666:
The government has undertaken several reforms to improve the access of education and reduce regional differences in the provision of education. In 1999, King
659:
described Moroccan society as broken and fragmented, with misdirected energy from a discouraged and ashamed elite contributing to low standards of education.
2717:
1036:
passed a law to commence reforms on education including teaching science subjects in French language. In 2021, many series of campaign were done by the
2557:
1928:
924:
681:
352:
511:, signed by the Moroccan and French governments, allowed for the continuation of French education in Morocco administered by a body known as the
470:
2577:
618:
played a major role, and curricula were substantially changed. Arabization was instrumentalized to suppress critical thought, a move which Dr.
414:—independently of each other. The teaching quality at these free schools varied greatly, from "uninspiring fqîhs, scarcely removed from their
2426:
1797:
1567:
1446:
1419:
1376:
1305:
1267:
1240:
2017:
514:
833:. After 9 years of basic education, students begin upper secondary school and take a one-year common core curriculum, which is either in
634:
To meet the rising demand for secondary education in the 1970s, Morocco imported French speaking teachers from countries such as France,
2802:
2352:
258:
723:
520:
363:
next to the colonial headquarters in Rabat, for colonial administrators who wanted to learn more about Moroccan history and society.
2487:
2283:
1994:
1967:
399:
1007:
935:
courses as well; annually the academic sector produces 2,000 graduates in the field of information and communication technologies.
376:
and trained as teachers and intelligence gatherers, were assigned to schools in rural areas for speakers of Amazigh languages. The
262:
2401:
2376:
801:
671:
614:
was dissolved in 1970. In 1973, the humanities at government-controlled universities were Arabized, in which the Istiqlal leader
491:
456:
150:
1011:
873:
730:, and the student body is typically composed of the children of Morocco's elite and well-to-do classes. These schools, such as
326:
Five schools for the "sons of notables" were established after 1916 for boys from elite Moroccan families. There were also two
85:. A recent report after the new government being formed in 2017 has made Arabic as well as French Compulsory in Public School.
2326:
1463:
2592:
441:
298:
716:
2300:
2048:
2901:
2875:
1583:
731:
429:
573:
265:, a French organization working to empower Jews around the world through a French education, founded its first school in
2480:
1639:
Diyen, Hayat 2004,"reform of secondary education in Morocco: Challenges and Prospects." Prospects, vol XXXIV.no.2,pp212
425:
224:
125:
2828:
829:
There are three years of lower-middle school. This type of education is provided through what is referred to as the
2871:
2632:
2250:"World Bank 2005. "Basic Education Reform Support Program." Project Appraisal Document. World Bank, Washington, DC"
394:
and to "help form an Amazigh elite that would help France implement its divide and rule policies." It trained its
2867:
2742:
2732:
2537:
1078:
897:
589:
508:
2747:
2637:
2567:
1082:
1074:
281:(1867), eventually reaching a total of 83 schools—more than all of the AIU's schools in the rest of the world.
2451:
841:. First year students take arts and or science, mathematics or original education. Second year students take
800:
The primary education consists of 6 years for children of ages 6–12 years old. Students are required to pass
2807:
2727:
2692:
2677:
2662:
2617:
2552:
885:
527:
228:
1101:
215:), Islamic schools often taught a wide variety of subjects, including literature, science and history. The
2858:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2682:
1655:
667:
137:
33:
1257:
700:
619:
335:
2832:
2782:
2757:
2607:
2602:
2582:
2547:
2532:
877:
379:
486:
2767:
2737:
2722:
2707:
2697:
2652:
2647:
2597:
2542:
2517:
932:
928:
854:
597:
320:
145:
49:
1205:
451:
2777:
2772:
2712:
2667:
2627:
2522:
2503:
2118:
917:
809:
628:
593:
236:
98:
57:
2169:
2752:
2702:
2657:
2642:
2622:
2612:
2587:
2527:
1538:
906:
780:
611:
220:
61:
1700:
1684:أقول لكم انه لا خطر على أي دولة من الشبيه بالمثقف ، وأنتم أشباه المثقفين ..وليتكم كنتمْ جُهّالا
1175:
463:
17:
2762:
2672:
2562:
1990:
1984:
1963:
1793:
1563:
1530:
1442:
1436:
1415:
1382:
1372:
1301:
1263:
1236:
1230:
216:
156:
108:
53:
1957:
1608:
1557:
2284:"Kingdom of Morocco Policy Notes, Conditions for Higher and Inclusive Growth (pp215), Ch 11"
1620:
1407:
1293:
1187:
1045:
969:
872:
The higher education system consists of both private and public institutes. The country has
624:
373:
141:
692:
and other multilateral agencies have helped Morocco to improve the basic education system.
398:
students for high roles in the colonial administration, as well as forming "a Berber elite
2236:"Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Egypt Country Report. ICT in Education in Morocco"
1049:
1041:
558:
550:
121:
1904:
1048:
as a secondary language. Which later was announced no change would be made regarding the
902:
504:
was established in 1960 and the first Congress of Arabization was held in Rabat in 1961.
775:
lower-middle / intermediate school, 3 years of upper secondary, and tertiary education.
2402:"Moroccans want English to replace French as country's first official foreign language"
1070:
842:
647:
615:
485:"), the first series of Arabic textbooks in Morocco, in 1956, 1957, and 1958. In 1957,
343:
305:
319:
Most Muslim students studying within the Protectorate's educational system received a
2895:
1767:
1019:
846:
294:
278:
232:
1139:
834:
743:
627:, following a report conducted by a committee of four Egyptians including two from
391:
339:
129:
2049:"Strengthening Education in the Muslim World: Country Profile and Analysis (pp18)"
1085:(AfDB) and the World Bank) to assist the implementation of the EEP reform agenda.
1018:
Since the late 1980s the Maghreb countries’ governments have been partnering with
29:
2235:
1853:
1487:
964:
materials. The poor quality of education becomes an even greater problem due to
696:
497:
447:
301:, France established public schools in which education was delivered in French.
159:(1121–1269). For centuries, public education in Morocco took place primarily in
73:. Support has been obtained from a number of international organisation such as
1176:"The origins and signifiance of the free school movement in Morocco, 1919-1931"
1464:"Ahmed Boukmakh, the teacher behind Morocco's first Arabic-language textbooks"
735:
689:
643:
329:
266:
254:
82:
70:
2327:"Moroccans demand English replace French as country's first foreign language"
1534:
1386:
1297:
861:
considerable disparity between genders in enrollment at the secondary level.
1877:
1668:
1191:
1037:
747:
274:
1840:"MENA Flagship Report. "The Road Not Traveled: Education Reforms in MENA.""
1713:
1609:"Aspects socio-économiques de la coopération culturelle française au Maroc"
1401:
909:, require competitive special tests and special training before the exams.
572:
In 1965, demanding the right to public higher education for Moroccans, the
424:." Many of the young teachers in Fes were simultaneously taking classes at
1812:
1624:
1411:
1929:"Enseignement : La loi-cadre adoptée à la chambre des représentants"
913:
639:
1542:
1519:"Language and Ideology in the Maghreb: Francophonie and Other Languages"
1259:
Jews and Muslims: Images of Sephardi and Eastern Jewries in Modern Times
132:, and its associated madrasa is considered by some institutions such as
1518:
981:
850:
838:
818:
814:
655:
635:
566:
395:
270:
160:
102:
2472:
334:
founded in Fes (1914) and Rabat (1916). These boarding schools, which
1113:
1065:
965:
763:
751:
411:
311:
249:
204:
181:
165:
133:
78:
37:
923:
Universities in Morocco have also started to incorporate the use of
711:
To this day, French schools—which are colloquially referred to as "
2455:
1061:
1006:
881:
755:
739:
562:
419:
200:
92:
74:
28:
1014:
Literacy Rate Morocco population above 15 years of age 1980-2015
211:
2476:
2135:
2353:"Is Morocco Ready to Get Rid of French Cultural Colonization?"
2193:
The Report: Morocco 2009 - Page 252 Oxford Business Group "...
2170:"Université Internationale Abulcasis des Sciences de la Santé"
905:, whereas admission to other higher public education, such as
889:
682:
Ministry of National Education, Early Education, and Athletics
537:, established a blueprint for education reform in four goals:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
1768:"تاريخ.. عندما وجه علال الفاسي نداءا من أجل التعريب عام 1973"
199:
was Islamic and delivered in Arabic. In addition to teaching
2427:"Morocco Refutes Rumors about Replacing French in Education"
2136:"Morocco Academia | moroccodemia English, Arabic and French"
1986:
Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco
1959:
Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco
1326:
of Marrakesh: Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco's Red City
738:, are typically located in big cities such as Casablanca,
1488:"أحمد بوكماخ .. من المسرح والسياسة إلى تأليف سلسلة "اقرأ""
1697:
Picturing Casablanca: Portraits of Power in a Modern City
804:
to be eligible for admission in lower secondary schools.
592:
in Casablanca, which devolved the following day into the
390:, was one of the instruments for the implementation of a
155:
wrote that schools in Morocco were first built under the
1584:"Mission universitaire et culturelle française au Maroc"
857:, technical studies or are in A or B mathematics track.
642:
to teach maths and sciences, and Arab teachers to teach
2173:
418:" to "the country's most distinguished and imaginative
1989:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 106.
894:
Al-Zahrawi International University of Health Sciences
515:
Mission universitaire et culturelle française au Maroc
500:
first grade, but this attempt was not successful. The
219:
founded a number of these schools, including those in
2377:"Morocco campaign to adopt English instead of French"
1962:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 37.
1292:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 45.
1140:"تاريخ المغرب الأقصى، من الفتح الإسلامي إلى الاحتلال"
2301:"Moroccan parliament passes law on education reform"
1834:
1832:
1830:
2816:
2791:
2510:
631:, replaced sociology with Islamic thought in 1983.
315:, which were beyond the purview of the Protectorate
2081:
2079:
927:. A number of universities have started providing
553:, i.e. train nationals to replace foreign teachers
309:most attended the traditional Quranic schools, or
97:A detail of the fountain in the central courtyard
2121:, but was unable to work in the religious sector.
912:Another growing field apart from engineering and
561:was maintained as the language of instruction of
502:Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization
405:The inadequacies of traditional education at the
384:, one of these schools that was developed into a
144:institution in the world. The Moroccan historian
140:to be the oldest existing, continually operating
2454:. Ministry of National Education. Archived from
2264:
2262:
2212:
2210:
2208:
1328:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007, 9
1180:Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée
2065:
2063:
2061:
1878:"Charte Nationale d'Education et de Formation"
1232:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
2488:
892:, along with specialist schools, such as the
604:Under Hassan II, the Institute of Sociology (
8:
2098:
2096:
675:
605:
583:
577:
512:
476:
385:
377:
367:
358:
350:
327:
186:
170:
101:(The School of the Spice Traders) in Fes, a
1792:, Cambridge University Press, p. 170,
1699:; University of California Press, 1994; p.
715:," whether they're actually related to the
672:National Charter for Education and Training
2495:
2481:
2473:
2011:"Campus France Chiffres Cles August 2018"
1669:"لماذا كان الحسن الثاني لا يحب المثقفين؟"
1206:"IBN YUSUF MADRASA in Marrakesh, Morocco"
2229:
2227:
1371:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
925:information and communication technology
541:unify the traditional and modern systems
1559:بناء مجتمعات المعرفة في المنطقة العربية
1094:
526:In 1958, Muhammad al-Fasi's successor,
247:In the aftermath of the sacking of the
2219:A Global Guide to Management Education
1899:
1897:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
569:in both primary and secondary levels.
428:, and several would go on to lead the
1951:
1949:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1283:
1281:
1279:
372:, who were rigorously prepared in an
353:Institut des Hautes Études Marocaines
297:of 1912 and the establishment of the
7:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
2289:. World Bank, Washington, DC. 2008.
1842:. World Bank, Washington, DC. 2008.
1743:"هكذا قضى الحسن الثاني على الفلسفة"
950:Private higher education institutes
676:
606:
578:
574:National Union of Moroccan Students
477:
187:
179:or as they were called in Morocco,
171:
1854:"الميثاق الوطني للتربية و التكوين"
1438:The Politics of Cultural Pluralism
1262:. University of Washington Press.
874:fourteen major public universities
724:Agency for French Education Abroad
588:) organized a march starting from
323:to work in various manual trades.
25:
1079:Agence française de développement
770:Structure of the education system
726:, and administered by the French
722:The schools are certified by the
2803:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2573:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1714:"مقالات . .انتفاضة 23 مارس 1965"
1562:(in Arabic). UNESCO Publishing.
781:12 regional administrative units
677:الميثاق الوطني للتربية و التكوين
269:in 1862, followed by schools in
1607:Castagnos, Jean-Claude (1973).
945:Results in the education sector
18:History of education in Morocco
2087:UNESCO Institute of Statistics
1367:Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013).
263:Alliance Israélite Universelle
1:
1813:"Le dossier de l'arabisation"
1288:Miller, Susan Gilson (2013).
1060:A number of donors including
802:Certificat d'etudes primaires
440:In the 44-year period of the
430:Moroccan Nationalist Movement
349:In 1920, Lyautey founded the
209:) and Islamic jurisprudence (
2172:. 2019-12-20. Archived from
1613:Revue française de pédagogie
1118:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
762:France, according to a 2015
107:completed in 1325 under the
1983:Ennaji, Moha (2005-01-20).
1956:Ennaji, Moha (2005-01-20).
1790:A History of Modern Morocco
1652:A History of Modern Morocco
1441:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
1369:A history of modern Morocco
1290:A History of Modern Morocco
1044:and to replace it with the
728:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
590:Muhammad V Secondary School
579:الاتحاد الوطني لطلبة المغرب
46:education system in Morocco
2918:
959:Access to school education
509:Cultural Agreement of 1957
2104:"World Bank 2009.Edstats"
1905:"تقديم حول هيكلة الوزارة"
1400:Gottreich, Emily (2020).
898:conservatories of Morocco
400:steeped in French culture
2558:Central African Republic
2234:Hamdy, Amr (June 2007).
2217:Driouchi, Ahmed (2006),
1435:Young, Crawford (1979).
1298:10.1017/cbo9781139045834
1083:African Development Bank
1075:European Investment Bank
717:Mission Laïque Française
426:al-Qarawiyyin University
285:and later other cities.
2071:TIMSS encyclopedia 2007
1256:Rodrigue, Aron (2003).
1229:Meri, Josef W. (2006).
1192:10.3406/remmm.1975.1314
886:Al-Karaouine University
519:(which was replaced by
2272:, United Nations, 2007
1788:Miller, Susan Gilson,
1015:
584:
528:Abdelkarim Ben Jelloun
513:
450:became an imperative.
386:
378:
368:
359:
351:
328:
138:Guinness World Records
112:
41:
34:Al Akhawayn University
2718:São Tomé and Príncipe
2578:Republic of the Congo
2357:Al-Estiklal Newspaper
2305:The North Africa Post
1625:10.3406/rfp.1973.1825
1556:UNESCO (2019-12-31).
1412:10.5040/9781838603601
1010:
878:Mohammed V University
699:, Morocco passed the
360:Bibliothèque Générale
357:, located within the
96:
32:
2902:Education in Morocco
1517:Alalou, Ali (2006).
1235:. Psychology Press.
994:Africans in Europe.
933:hardware engineering
855:agricultural science
544:Arabize all subjects
321:vocational education
259:Hispano-Moroccan War
126:Al-Qarawiyiin mosque
99:Madrasat Al-Attarine
2793:States with limited
2504:Education in Africa
2381:Middle East Monitor
2119:religious education
918:business management
810:Gender Parity Index
701:framework-law 51.17
629:al-Azhar University
620:Susan Gilson Miller
594:1965 Moroccan riots
547:generalize literacy
442:French Protectorate
366:After 1920, French
342:, served to create
336:Susan Gilson Miller
299:French Protectorate
289:French Protectorate
237:Ben Youssef Madrasa
2431:Morocco world news
1174:Damis, J. (1975).
1027:Government reviews
1016:
907:engineering school
817:, Oman, Egypt and
653:A 1973 article in
612:Abdelkebir Khatibi
142:higher educational
113:
42:
2889:
2888:
2820:other territories
2593:Equatorial Guinea
1823:: 14. April 1973.
1799:978-1-139-04583-4
1569:978-92-3-600090-9
1523:The French Review
1448:978-0-299-06744-1
1421:978-1-78076-849-6
1378:978-1-139-62469-5
1320:Emily Gottreich,
1307:978-1-139-04583-4
1269:978-0-295-98314-1
1242:978-0-415-96690-0
1144:www.goodreads.com
1102:Oldest University
607:معهد السوسيولوجيا
195:Education at the
157:Almohad Caliphate
120:In the year 859,
16:(Redirected from
2909:
2881:
2880:(United Kingdom)
2876:Tristan da Cunha
2872:Ascension Island
2864:
2851:
2842:
2818:Dependencies and
2511:Sovereign states
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2016:. Archived from
2015:
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1980:
1974:
1973:
1953:
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1941:
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1654:(2013), pp. 162–
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1046:English language
896:, and the music
688:and access. The
679:
678:
625:Azzeddine Laraki
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487:Muhammad al-Fasi
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389:
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306:Hubert Lyautey's
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1468:en.yabiladi.com
1461:
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1406:. I.B. Tauris.
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1123:
1121:
1114:"Medina of Fez"
1112:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1058:
1056:External bodies
1050:French language
1042:French language
1029:
1005:
1000:
991:
978:
961:
952:
947:
867:
827:
798:
789:
772:
709:
530:
489:
468:
454:
438:
380:Collège d'Azrou
374:Amazigh dialect
291:
245:
148:
146:Mohamed Jabroun
122:Fatima al-Fihri
118:
91:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2905:
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2894:
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2886:
2883:
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2865:
2852:
2843:
2829:Canary Islands
2825:
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2811:
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2499:
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2477:
2469:
2468:
2443:
2417:
2393:
2368:
2343:
2325:Staff writer.
2317:
2292:
2275:
2258:
2241:
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2204:
2186:
2161:
2151:
2127:
2109:
2092:
2075:
2057:
2054:. USAID. 2004.
2033:
2002:
1995:
1975:
1968:
1945:
1920:
1909:www.men.gov.ma
1893:
1882:www.men.gov.ma
1869:
1858:www.men.gov.ma
1845:
1826:
1804:
1798:
1780:
1759:
1729:
1705:
1695:Susan Ossman,
1688:
1660:
1643:
1630:
1599:
1575:
1568:
1548:
1529:(2): 408–421.
1504:
1479:
1462:Yabiladi.com.
1454:
1447:
1427:
1420:
1403:Jewish Morocco
1392:
1377:
1330:
1313:
1306:
1275:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1197:
1155:
1131:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1071:European Union
1057:
1054:
1040:to remove the
1028:
1025:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Reform efforts
996:
990:
987:
977:
974:
960:
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
866:
863:
826:
823:
797:
794:
788:
785:
771:
768:
708:
707:French schools
705:
670:announced the
648:social studies
616:Allal al-Fassi
555:
554:
548:
545:
542:
452:Ahmed Boukmakh
437:
434:
293:Following the
290:
287:
244:
241:
239:in Marrakesh.
117:
114:
90:
87:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2914:
2903:
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2897:
2877:
2873:
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2827:
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2800:
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2784:
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2779:
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2679:
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2671:
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2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Guinea-Bissau
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
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2586:
2584:
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2479:
2478:
2475:
2458:on 2010-02-17
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2176:on 2019-12-20
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2044:
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2038:
2034:
2023:on 2018-09-17
2019:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:9780387239798
1992:
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1987:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1969:9780387239798
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703:summer 2019.
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