927:
633:
1052:
and more flexible system. They decided the prescriptive method used by the fire service should be replaced by a more flexible fire risk assessment approach and consequently the Fire
Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 (SI 1997/1840) was placed on the statute books using section 12 of the 1971 Act. They also wanted the responsibility of implementing the legislation to be removed from the fire service and placed on the employers, but the fire service would be the enforcing authority for the legislation. It was implemented using the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1992 (MHSAW) (replaced in 1999).
214:
503:
precautions within a particular building are fit for the purposes that that building is being currently put to. The current use of an old building by today's occupiers and users has to be taken into account, in arriving at the appropriate general fire precautions. Thus both proportionate and appropriate remedial "fire safety" works may be necessary to discharge the responsible persons legal duty, to control or reduce the risk to life from fire in a building.
22:
1289:
The current use of an old building by today's occupiers and users has to be taken into account, in arriving at the appropriate general fire precautions. Thus, both proportionate and appropriate remedial "fire safety" works may be necessary to discharge the responsible person's legal duty, to control or reduce the risk to life from fire in a building. (Womack & Bone LLP)
1160:(England and Wales - see below) laid out in Section 6 what the fire service must do in relation to fire safety. It states that a fire and rescue authority must make provision for the purpose of promoting fire safety in its area not only by the enforcement of specific fire safety legislation but also by a proactive strategy targeted at all sections of the community by:
1407:
breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O 2005. In addition to these fines, the legal costs of bringing the successful prosecution may also be recovered from the convicted 'fire criminal'.
147:, placed buildings into seven classes, with the required thicknesses of the external and party walls stipulated for each of the classes. It also included provisions stating a maximum floor area for stores and warehouses. The Act brought into being the first legislation that dealt with human life and escape, rather than just building safety. The Act stated that
499:
or extended. Thus "as originally built" buildings were exempt from the new rules from 1974 until the advent of the
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This order requires adequate and sufficient general fire precautions suitable for the current users and use, of any given building, to be provided by the responsible person for each building.
1010:. They recommended that the act be rewritten as the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987 (c. 27). The act did not replace the Fire Precautions Act 1971 (c. 40) but gave more powers to the local building control authority and fire authority. These powers included the power to charge for the issue of a fire certificate.
1418:
The
English Court of Appeal, on 16 June 2010, upheld a Crown Court's fine of £400,000 (with additional legal costs of £150,000) against New look Retailers Ltd. Following a major fire in the New Look Oxford Street shop, whilst no one was hurt, the building was lost and Oxford Street was closed for two
1389:
Fire authorities in
England and Wales are legally required to publish the (responsible person's) name and the premises address, for which they have issued an enforcement notice, an alterations notice, or a prohibition notice, under the powers given to them by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order
1137:
Coupled with all this, materials such as celluloid have been recognised as highly flammable since early days of its usage, and acts such as the
Celluloid and Cinematograph Films Act 1922 and the Cinematograph Act 1952 gave the fire brigade powers to take samples of film and test them for flammability
1121:
Laws such as the Local
Government Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1976 were major legislation but contain sections covering fire safety of some outdoors events, private film shows, neon signs and some licensed premises that fell outside the scope of the 2003 Act. There were also numerous local Acts such
1113:
Many of these premises fell outside the scope of the Fire
Precautions Act 1971 but had their own legislation, such as the Theatres Act and the Cinemas Act, which contained within them, their own fire regulations. Most of these acts have now been amended or repealed and their fire precautions now fall
1062:
The workplace regulations brought in a new enforcement method, the 'improvement notice'. This allowed the enforcing authority to serve notice of any defects and give a reasonable time scale as to when the work should be completed; failure to complete the work in that time could result in prosecution.
750:
This act combined the fire sections of the
Factories Act and the Office Shops and Railway Premises Act and brought in new premises like hotels. This was an open designating act, and it contained a wide list of premises types from which the Secretary of State could select specific premises types to be
560:
in
February 1956, in which 8 people died, resulted in the Act being further amended in 1959 giving the fire brigades the power to inspect factories for fire safety. Finally in 1961 the Act was re-written to consolidate all the changes. The fire certificates were also updated to include not only means
498:
Building regulations (England and Wales) were not retrospective in their effect. Therefore, when minimum fire safety measures were improved in revised issues of the building regulations documents, existing buildings were not required to adopt these new minimum standards unless they were being altered
1366:
Crown Courts may impose unlimited fines on any company, breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O 2005. In addition, to
1362:
If the enforcement notice or prohibition notice is ignored, then court action for these criminal offenses will be taken by the local fire authority. Crown Courts may imprison the responsible person for up to two years for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, and/or impose fines of
1197:
This carries on the long
British legal tradition, which started with the Housing Act of 1875, that owners and/or occupiers may not put anyone in danger by their actions or inactions, and must act to protect their neighbours. If they fail to so, the local council's EHOs have a duty to consider taking
1171:
This meant that the service has had to change its a fire safety strategies and now include public education as well as legal enforcement. All fire and rescue services today have specialist departments dealing with community fire safety education. The job of these departments is to educate by talking
887:
A major simplification and enlargement of the scope of the English and Welsh fire safety laws was implemented by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RR (FS)O 2005, in force 1 October 2006). The new Fire Safety Order again amended and extended the scope of fire safety provision within the
812:
One major issue with the act was that fire certification was only ever applied to the designated premises. Places of public entertainment such as cinemas, theatres and nightclubs were never designated so the powers of inspection and enforcement remained with the local authority licensing department.
486:
The Public Health Act 1936 was therefore amended by the Public Health Act 1961 to permit the making of one set of national building regulations to replace the 1,400 sets of local byelaws. The first national building regulations for England and Wales were made in 1965. However, they required physical
462:
Under the 1928 Act, the storage of petroleum and petroleum products, whether in underground/above ground tanks or storage cabinets, required a licence issued by the Licensing Authority. In the metropolitan areas, this was the fire authority. In the county authorities, it was the local authority, but
1238:
The Fire Precautions Act 1971 had relied on codes and guides for its implementation, and the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations had changed that a little by introducing risk assessment as a way of complying, but because the requirement for a fire certificate was never repealed, the guides and
1141:
Other licensing legislation such as the licensing of underground car parks by means of a local act such as the Greater Manchester Act applied where local acts existed so one authority licensed and the next one did not. There were also arguments about definitions of shops etc., further confusing the
1051:
including one on fire safety. This was at the height of deregulation and the government, architects, commerce and industry considered that fire brigades were too inflexible and demanded belt and braces solutions. They and the directive called for a new approach to fire safety and demanded a cheaper
880:
In England and Wales, the powers to make building regulations were consolidated and re-enacted in 1984. All building regulations made by the Secretary of State since then have included minimum fire safety measures (for both physical fire resistance and safe means of escape) for all new, extended or
537:
gave the fire brigade its first responsibilities for fire safety. Section 1 of the Fire Services Act defined the duties of a fire brigade and further went to say under section 1, sub-section 1 paragraph F, commonly referred to as 11(F), that a fire brigade must give advice and assistance on matters
1297:
The Fire Safety Order 2005 applies to most buildings and sites, except for private dwellings, though the FSO does apply to communal areas/escape routes serving dwellings. The fire authority is the principal enforcing authority. However, there are other enforcing authorities - the Health and Safety
1288:
The Fire Safety Order 2005 now requires the responsible person for each building to carry out or commission from a competent person a Fire Risk Assessment to ensure that the general fire precautions within a particular building are fit for the purposes that that building is being currently put to.
944:
An Act to amend the Fire Precautions Act 1971 and other enactments relating to fire precautions; to amend the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 and make like provision as respects stands at sports grounds; to extend as respects indoor sports premises, and amend, the statutory provisions regulating
831:
The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Regulations 1976, gave some updates to the FPA and cleared several points about self-employed workers, the numbers of hours worked (part-time workers) and how aggregation of these could be used to bring some "grey" premises into
808:
The 1971 act gave power to the fire authority to apply to the court to prohibit the use of premises if they were dangerous and there was a serious risk of imminent danger from fire for persons in the premises (prohibition notice). This prohibition power applied widely to all manner of premises but
1406:
Crown Courts may imprison the responsible person for up to two years for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, and/or impose fines of up to £10,000 for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals. Crown Courts may impose Unlimited fines on any company,
1370:
HHSRS - One should not forget the parallel powers of each local council's EHO (Environmental Health Officer) to enforce fire safety within both single dwellings and in blocks of flats and buildings providing 'Housing in Multiple Occupation' (HMO), under their Housing Act 2004 (HHSRS/"unfittness")
1133:
Licensed premises (pubs, clubs, cinemas, theatres) were classed as providing a service, not as shops, and so did not normally fall within the designated groups in the FPA, so some never needed fire certificates. However, the local authority who issued the licence usually asked the fire brigade to
854:
on 1 June 1974, the Government decided to require fire certificates for major chemical and other risks and to give enforcement to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). It issued the Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 (SI 1976/2003), enforced by the HSE on a similar line to the
532:
Before 1947, issues of fire safety were in the hands of the local authority, and the legal enforcement of issues under the Factories Act and Office Shops and Railway Premises Act were dealt with by the local authority, having usually devolved this down to the fire brigade. The introduction of the
479:
Under the London Building Acts 1930-39 powers were granted to make building byelaws and the first set issued in 1938 covered many of the constructional matters previously contained in the earlier Acts. Special powers in London (Section 20 Buildings) were also granted in respect of means of escape
1186:
This Act reformed (and expanded) the former narrow "unfitness standard", and gave (in England and Wales) all Environmental Health Officers strong enforcement powers, to inspect any dwelling (rented, leased, owner-occupied, or what ever) for the 23 defined "hazards". This is known as the "Housing
494:
Thus the first building regulations (for England and Wales) to require general fire precautions for the safe means of escape in case of fire were made in 1974. In practice, these "m-o-e" building regulations drew in large part upon the design guidance and recommendations of the then rather oddly
862:
These regulations also applied to temporary buildings associated with construction work. Fire certificates were required for some of these buildings, and there were some fire safety obligations generally imposed in respect of those temporary buildings, which did not require a fire certificate.
1117:
The Licensing Act 2003 introduced a requirement for licences to sell or supply alcohol, provide regulated entertainment or provide late night refreshment with the licence holder serving notice of application directly upon the fire and rescue authority. This amended or repealed much of the old
1058:
The workplace regulations also brought in a new form of enforcement of the legislation. Under the Fire Precautions Act, Section 10 gave the fire brigade the power to close a premises if there was serious danger from fire; however, there was very little they could do to bring a premises up to
502:
This did lead to a rather unsatisfactory mishmash of fire safety in the English and Welsh building stock. The Fire Safety Order 2005 now requires the responsible person for each building to carry out or commission from a competent person a fire risk assessment to ensure that the general fire
1242:
The Fire Safety Order lays out the foundation of the fire risk assessment by saying that the responsible person (employer, person in control of the building, or the owner) must take into account for the safety of their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near their premises.
1089:
Unfortunately, they did not revoke sections 5 to 9 of the Fire Precautions Act 1971, which required fire certificates; consequently, the legislation now ran in parallel with the Workplace Regulations but secondary to it. Employers or persons having overall control of the workplace were made
858:
These regulations were brought in to require premises having over a threshold quantity or using certain named hazardous substances to possess a fire certificate. The regulations applied to whole sites rather than the single premise or building approach used in the Fire Precautions Act 1971.
1190:
An EHO may order the removal of any of these hazards where it is a "Cat 1" risk to the dwellings occupier(s). EHOs can enforce non-action and carry out remedial works, and recharge the dwelling with the costs. Owners of dwellings can also be prosecuted for any of the 23 defined hazards.
1090:
responsible under the regulations to implement and conduct fire safety risk assessments, also produce a record if they employ more than five people. The fire brigades enforced the regulations and conducted limited inspections to ensure employers are carrying out their responsibilities.
1358:
Failure of the responsible person to implement a Fire Risk Assessment's recommendations, or to follow (within the time limit specified by the fire authority) up on a fire authority's informal "Action Plan" or "NFSD" letter, will usually lead to a formal enforcement order being issued.
1435:
covers in England and Wales. Part 3 of the act deals specifically with fire safety. In October 2006, the Fire Safety (Scotland) Regulations 2006 SI 456 also came into effect. Legislation in Scotland relating to fire and rescue services and fire safety comes under the auspices of the
766:/238) (and an equivalent order for Scotland), any premises where there was sleeping accommodation for more than six persons (staff or guests), or any sleeping accommodation above the first floor or below the ground floor, required a fire certificate issued by the fire authority.
186:. Such licences could have conditions attached such as specifying the mode of storage, etc. Petroleum was not to be stored within specified distances of houses or places where goods were stored. Containers for petroleum were to be labeled with appropriate warning notices.
1381:" - English fire authorities have recently started to prosecute owners and operators of illegally built or converted "dwellings" in non-habitable buildings, such as 'domestic garages in gardens' and disused offices, public houses, factories, under the Fire Safety Order 2005.
895:
Building Regulation (Reg.16B) now require a developer or architect to hand over sufficient fire safety information to the building's future responsible person, so he may commission an appropriate fire risk assessment for the new building and its occupiers and/or users.
1223:
and found that there were some 80 acts of Parliament or parts of acts which specified fire safety legislation. In order to revamp the whole thing and bringing it up to date, they decided to place all the odd bits of fire legislation under the umbrella of the
1194:"Fire safety" is one of the defined hazards. EHOs may use their powers on single-family dwellings independently from the fire authority's powers under the Fire Safety order 2005, to require adequate and sufficient fire safety measures in existing dwellings.
1129:
The old acts (repealed by Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 on 1 October 2006) that controlled licensing caused much confusion as there were conflicts in who enforced the various parts of the legislation and where it was to be enforced.
1269:
The Fire Safety Order then tells the responsible person (employer, person in control of the building, or owner) how they must assess these items in order to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near their premises.
1390:
2005. Many fire authorities have put these lists on their websites. Most fire authorities' "name and shame" lists also indicate which "notices" are "still outstanding" or "now complied with". For example, see the London Fire Brigade website. (
490:
In 1974 the fire safety scope (of the building regulations in England and Wales) was extended through use of the then new powers given by the Fire Precautions Act 1971, to include minimum safety provisions for means of escape in case of fire.
79:
While much British legislation applied to the United Kingdom as a whole, Scotland and Northern Ireland often had their own versions of the legislation, with slight differences. United Kingdom legislation before 1922 remained in force in the
791:, by laying down stipulations that the occupier of the premises must take into consideration. These were known as interim arrangements, and the occupier, having made an application for a fire certificate, now had a duty to ensure that
701:
1402:
Enforcement action has been taken by many fire authorities. Several owners, and landlords have been taken to court, and heavily fined. A growing number of landlords have been jailed, for persistent breaches of the Fire Safety Order.
1298:
Executive for most construction sites and on ships under construction, the Defence Fire and Rescue Service for defence premises, the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) for nuclear sites, and the local authority for sports grounds.
1277:
identify the significant findings of the risk assessment and the details of anyone who might be at risk in case of fire; under the Management of Health and Safety Regulations, these must be recorded if more than five persons are
1347:
The ongoing audit and 'enforcement' of both the required "Fire Risk Assessments" and the necessary 'General Fire Precautions' in any premise subject to the Fire Safety Order 2005, are the legal duty on the local fire authority.
601:
In June 1960, a fire broke out in the William Henderson & Sons, Liverpool department store. Ten people were trapped in the fourth floor and one man fell to his death whilst assisting others to safety from a window ledge.
443:
Under the Explosives Act 1875, many fire brigades took on the responsibility for the safe storage of explosives. The Explosives Act 1875 was partly repealed when the Manufacture and Storage of Explosives Regulations 2005
517:
In 1937 the Factories Act 1901 was extended to cover means of escape in case of fire. The Act required that the factory owner have a plan of escape in case of fire and brought in the first rudimentary fire certificates.
1351:
Fire authorities should follow up on their audit and inspection of any premises and they may order additional fire precautions or even issue a prohibition notice, to prevent the use of a very dangerous building.
111:
The English government looked at legislation and introduced laws aimed specifically at fire prevention. The London Cooking Fire Bylaw 1705 specifically prohibited open fires in the attics of thatched buildings.
746:
killed eleven people whilst seventeen were rescued. The fire prompted the government to look at the whole structure of fire safety legislation and in 1971, the Fire Precautions Act 1971 was passed into law.
761:
The Fire Precautions Act 1971 came into force in 1972, when hotels and boarding houses were the first class of premises to be designated. Under the Fire Precautions (Hotels and Boarding Houses) Order 1972
1338:
for building owners or managers (responsible persons). The regulations mandate that Responsible Parties in multi-level residential dwellings take appropriate actions depending on the building's height.
1319:
It is essential to regularly review and update fire risk assessments in order to guarantee that the premises can be occupied safely. Any necessary control measures should be implemented accordingly.
660:
1172:
to school children and vulnerable areas of the community and to assist the public, with many FRS running campaigns, offering free smoke detectors as part of the drive to reduce deaths in the home.
1316:, such as structures, external walls (cladding and balconies alike), including individual flat entrance doors between domestic properties and common areas in multi-occupied residential buildings.
1055:
These regulations differed from the previous fire safety legislation in that they introduced the concept of risk assessment in a style similar to the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974.
583:, which resulted in the deaths of nineteen people. Fourteen died in the building, and five were killed attempting to jump out of windows into the canal that ran alongside the building. The
480:
from certain new and existing buildings based on their height and use. Outside of London individual local authorities could make local building byelaws under the Public Health Act 1936.
151:
were to appoint surveyors and "every parish should provide three or more proper ladders of one, two and three storeys high, for assisting persons in houses on fire to escape therefrom".
1167:
giving of advice on request on how to prevent fires and restrict their spread in buildings and other property and the means of escape from buildings and other property in case of fire.
823:, which came into full force on 1 October 2006. The act is still in force on the Isle of Man, with hotels, licensed premises and places of entertainment requiring a fire certificate.
809:
excluded single private dwellings. One of the changes introduced in 1987 was for the fire authority to issue prohibition notices directly, without the need to apply to the court.
816:
In many areas, the fire brigade carried out the inspections on behalf of the licensing department, but had no powers other than those granted by section 10 (Prohibition Notice).
92:
At the time of the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801, England, Scotland, and Great Britain had some legislation already in place dealing with the issues of fire safety.
788:
376:
2028:
605:
This fire prompted the Government to amend the Office Shops and Railway Premises Act (OSRA) in line with the Factories Act 1961 and in 1963 a new OSRA was introduced
356:
1110:'Licensed premises' covered a number of types of establishment, including places where alcohol was sold or consumed, theatres, cinemas and places of entertainment.
104:, which started on 2 September 1666, it was soon clear that the wooden construction of London's buildings had added greatly to the spread of the fire. As a result,
1457:
1239:
codes were still used as a prescriptive means of applying the law. The RR (FS) O took this one step further and implemented fully a risk assessment based regime.
1443:
In Northern Ireland, the equivalent legislation is the Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 SI No 1254 (NI9) (it is a statutory instrument).
2033:
805:
Premises that fell outside of these rules did not have to have a fire certificate but had to provide limited fire safety by virtue of Section 9A of the Act.
596:
570:
538:
of fire prevention if so requested by any person. The Act did not however give any other powers to the fire brigade in terms of inspection and enforcement.
231:
An Act to amend the Law with respect to manufacturing, keeping, selling, carrying, and importing Gunpowder, Nitro–glycerine, and other Explosive Substances.
61:
1826:
1335:
1313:
1225:
1207:
820:
696:
483:
However, these local building byelaws were not entirely satisfactory in that local authorities were not obliged to make or adopt them, and many did not.
124:
in 1698 an "Act Regulating the Manner of Building within the Town of Edinburgh" was passed and required that no buildings were to exceed five storeys.
832:
the scope of requiring a fire certificate. It also brought in exemptions from the requirement to have a fire certificate in certain small premises.
1926:
Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work
1669:
Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work
1022:
950:
655:
236:
1725:
1059:
standard. Section 4 of the Fire Precautions Act did give some limited powers to issue a 'Notice of Steps' to be taken to correct any defects.
326:
884:
See Approved Document - Part B - Fire Safety Vol 1 & 2 (available to download free from the UK Government's "Planning Portal" website).
391:
381:
1086:, 89/391/EEC and 89/654/EEC, adopted in 1989. The amendments were laid before Parliament on 7 July 1999 and became law on 1 December 1999.
386:
1702:
2038:
1452:
1213:
801:
all people employed to work in the premise should receive instructions and have training in what action to take in the event of a fire.
371:
1164:
provision of information, publicity and encouragement in respect of the steps to be taken to prevent fires and death or injury by fire
1079:
464:
457:
300:
1800:
1617:
1519:
1432:
1157:
1151:
495:
titled "CP3 Chapter 4 "Code of Practice for Means of Escape in Buildings", issued by the BSI (British Standards Institute) in 1971.
406:
396:
1374:
Enforcement Concordat - A fire authority may and sometimes does pass a fire safety complaint over to the local housing authority.
755:
931:
637:
218:
1983:
1963:
361:
1367:
these fines, the legal costs of bringing the successful prosecution may also be recovered from the convicted 'fire criminal'.
1462:
989:
366:
1494:
1941:
1936:
1657:
1235:
The major change in the legislation was that it brought in the concept of risk assessment rather than prescriptive codes.
1118:
licensing legislation, including Theatres Act 1968, Cinemas Act 1985, Gaming Acts 1968 & 1990 and Licensing Act 1964.
471:/2776), changed the licensing regime and now requires only that anyone operating a petrol filling station have a licence.
336:
1246:
The following must be provided (to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near the premises):
1126:
Act 1981, which give the fire brigade powers to control flammable stacks, night cafes and licence underground car parks.
819:
The Fire Precautions Act 1971 and its "fire certificates" were totally repealed and replaced in England and Wales by the
31:
1931:
Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace
1714:
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, England & Wales, SI 2005/1541, Crown copyright, (accessed 23 Feb 07)
1680:
Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace
1355:
Fire authorities can also issue informal "action plans" or issue informal "notice of fire safety deficiencies" letters.
1642:
1322:
A fire risk assessment is a comprehensive process that assesses the potential fire hazards and risks in a given space.
1007:
1036:/1401) were made under Section 12 of the Fire Precautions Act 1971 and were brought into effect on 18 September 1989.
295:
290:
1628:
650:
An Act to make further provision for the protection of persons from fire risks; and for purposes connected therewith.
1039:(Repealed and replaced, for England, in 2010 by regulations made under Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.)
1003:
773:/76), further designated premises to require fire certificates for factories, offices, shops and railway premises:
351:
331:
1331:
1082:. They brought the UK legislation up to a standard that met the fire safety requirements of two health and safety
1862:
Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 SI 2006/1254 (NI9), Crown copyright (accessed 19 Feb 2007)
889:
881:
altered buildings. The current building regulation's fire safety documents were last revised and issued in 2006.
401:
1930:
1925:
1679:
1668:
2023:
1428:
73:
899:
Note: building regulations and fire safety laws are different, but similar, in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
305:
1025:
on 18 November 1987, which resulted in the loss of 31 lives, including Station Officer Colin Townsley of the
321:
108:
issued a proclamation saying that all buildings were to be built out of stone and roads were to be widened.
534:
527:
754:
The responsibility for enforcing the act fell on the fire service, except in civil Crown premises, where
2008:
939:
645:
341:
285:
226:
105:
1998:
1534:
1284:
provide information, instruction and training to employees about the fire precautions in the workplace
1274:
carry out a fire risk assessment of the workplace and communal areas in blocks of flats or maisonettes
866:(These regulations were revoked by the RR (Fire Safety) Order 2005 for England and Wales; see below.)
769:
The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railways Premises) Order 1976 (revoked in 1989 by
423:
1307:
1220:
847:
101:
1839:
1281:
provide and maintain such fire precautions as are necessary to safeguard those who use the workplace
725:
1850:
1733:
1437:
1048:
1026:
69:
1123:
1102:
1083:
993:
729:
584:
547:
434:
179:
175:
169:
165:
65:
1761:
1595:
1371:
powers. "Owners of HMOs may need a renewable licence to operate, from the local authority EHO."
1013:(Modified and partially replaced by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005; see below.)
982:
783:
In factories, where explosives or highly flammables are stored or used in or under the premises.
718:
1851:
The Fire Safety (Scotland) Regulations 2006 SSI 2006/456, Crown copyright, (accessed 23 Feb 07)
1265:
the publication of an "emergency plan" and the "fire safety procedures" for a specific building
1820:
1515:
1134:
inspect plans and carry out inspections, which led to confusion even by fire safety officers.
1093:(Repealed and totally replaced by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005; see below.)
875:
430:
264:
144:
138:
1885:
1973:
1606:
1181:
241:
81:
1410:
Every "real" fire is now followed up by the local fire authority's fire safety inspectors.
1312:
The Fire Safety Act provides an explicit explanation of the parameters that fall under the
1910:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1804:
1646:
1584:
1498:
1363:
up to £10,000 for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals.
576:
346:
1933:(first individual directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)
1747:
1682:(first individual directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)
38:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1968:
1216:(OPDM) set up a review of the fire safety legislation led by the Deputy Prime Minister
846:
Following several small fires in chemical plants and a major explosion and fire at the
743:
512:
448:/1082) was brought into being but the inspection and licensing remained much the same.
1896:
The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Regulations 1989
827:
The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Regulations 1976
587:
was almost immediately amended to update the requirements for safety in case of fire.
2017:
1378:
1217:
1946:
1480:
1066:(Revoked by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 for England and Wales.)
965:
673:
377:
Explosives Act 1875 etc. (Metrication and Miscellaneous Amendment) Regulations 1984
254:
148:
1198:
appropriate legal action to protect the community at large. (Womack and Bone LLP)
1572:
Records of William Henderson & Sons Ltd, department store, Liverpool, England
1491:
467:, as amended by Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (
1951:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1861:
1713:
1232:/1541), which became law in October 2006. It applies to England and Wales only.
851:
843:(Revoked by the RR (Fire Safety) Order 2005 for England and Wales; see below.)
561:
of escape but also provision for fighting fire and structural fire separation.
357:
Explosives Acts 1875 and 1923 etc. (Repeals and Modifications) Regulations 1974
36:. The reason given is: New legislation regarding Fire Safety has been released.
2003:
1006:
football ground in which 56 people died a committee was set up to examine the
739:
487:
fire safety only for the structure of all new, altered or extended buildings.
1880:
1427:
The equivalent legislation in Scotland to the Regulatory Reform Order is the
992:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
728:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
702:
Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 (Consequential Modifications and Savings) Order 2006
433:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
1786:
1691:
1639:
1114:
under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2006 or Licensing Act 2003.
795:
the means of escape can be safely and effectively used at all material times
557:
183:
121:
1107:(Modified by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005; see below.)
798:
the means of fire fighting are maintained in efficient working order, and
553:
1978:
1875:
1229:
1075:
1033:
780:
Where more than 10 persons are employed elsewhere than the ground floor
770:
763:
468:
445:
1032:
The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations 1989 (
1047:
In the early 1990s, the government was required to implement several
688:
580:
1901:
The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations 1989
1937:
The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002
182:
to 1881 required a licence from a local authority to store or sell
1993:
1726:"Fire Safety Risk Assessment | LRB - Health and Safety Solutions"
1017:
Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations 1989
1840:
Fire (Scotland) Act 2005, Crown copyright, (accessed 23 Feb 07)
1074:
The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (
1988:
990:
Text of the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987
15:
1070:
The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999
64:
in 1801 but is founded in the history of such legislation in
1921:
The Fire Precautions (Workplace)(Amendment) Regulations 1999
1876:
The Fire Precautions (Hotels and Boarding Houses) Order 1972
787:
The Fire Precautions Act 1971 was amended in 1987 by the
143:
The Fires Prevention (Metropolis) Act, also known as the
1916:
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
1911:
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992
463:
usually this was devolved down to the fire service. The
58:
history of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom
1999:
Scottish Government Fire & Rescue Information Page
1942:
Manufacture and Storage of Explosives Regulations 2002
1431:. Its scope (in Scotland) covers what the RRO and the
392:
Manufacture and Storage of Explosives Regulations 2005
382:
Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987
1886:
Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976
1703:
Statement by the Deputy Prime Minister, 19 April 2004
1250:
means of detection and giving warning in case of fire
839:
Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976
835:(These regulations were revoked in 1989; see below.)
387:
Packaging of Explosives for Carriage Regulations 1991
60:
formally covers the period from the formation of the
1989:
Her Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland
1293:
The wider scope of UK fire safety law 1 October 2006
1256:
the provision of emergency lighting to escape routes
1138:even though they were not the enforcing authority.
988:
981:
974:
964:
959:
949:
945:
entertainment licences; and for connected purposes.
938:
912:
724:
717:
710:
687:
682:
672:
667:
654:
644:
618:
429:
422:
415:
314:
278:
273:
263:
253:
248:
235:
225:
199:
1891:Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987
1187:Health and Safety Rating System" (HHSRS) toolbox.
914:Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987
903:Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987
789:Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987
1021:These precautions followed a serious fire at the
372:Explosives Act 1875 (Exemptions) Regulations 1979
34:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
301:Carriage and Deposit of dangerous Goods Act 1866
2009:Top 25 Expensive Fines for Fire Safety Breaches
1546:West Riding of Yorkshire Fire Brigade (1957).
1458:History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom
407:Pyrotechnic Articles (Safety) Regulations 2015
397:Pyrotechnic Articles (Safety) Regulations 2010
1906:Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997
1585:Hotel Fire Safety (Accessed 20 February 2007)
1492:Fire Net History, (Accessed 21 February 2007)
1043:Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997
8:
597:Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963
591:Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963
571:Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom
1212:In 2000, the government in the form of the
62:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1994:Scottish Fire & Rescue Service Website
1952:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
1326:The Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022
1226:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
1208:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
1202:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
909:
821:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
742:1969, a fire at the Rose and Crown Hotel,
697:Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
615:
362:Explosives (Age of Purchase etc.) Act 1976
196:
133:The Fires Prevention (Metropolis) Act 1774
1969:Health & Safety Executive Fire Safety
1760:LandlordCertificate (24 September 2022).
475:Building byelaws and building regulations
1550:. West Riding of Yorkshire Fire Brigade.
1259:means of fighting fire (where necessary)
756:Her Majesty's Inspectors of Fire Service
2029:Health and safety in the United Kingdom
1984:Her Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate
1881:Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974
1473:
1002:Following a fire on 11 May 1985 at the
777:Where more than 20 persons are employed
1825:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1818:
1574:. Glasgow University Archive Services.
1332:Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022
575:On 1 May 1961, a fire occurred at the
983:Text of statute as originally enacted
758:(HMIFS) carried out the enforcement.
726:Text of the Fire Precautions Act 1971
719:Text of statute as originally enacted
424:Text of statute as originally enacted
327:Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act 1893
84:after its independence in that year.
7:
1262:the training of staff in fire safety
2034:Legal history of the United Kingdom
1453:Fire services in the United Kingdom
1214:Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
88:Legislation from predecessor states
1750:, section 1, accessed 6 April 2023
465:Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928
458:Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928
452:Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928
14:
1433:Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
1158:Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
1152:Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
1146:Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
1008:Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975
751:covered by statutory instrument.
1253:the provision of means of escape
1023:King's Cross Underground Station
932:Parliament of the United Kingdom
925:
638:Parliament of the United Kingdom
631:
296:Gunpowder Act Amendment Act 1862
291:Gunpowder and Fireworks Act 1861
219:Parliament of the United Kingdom
212:
20:
1560:Bolton Evening News, 2 May 1961
1334:introduce new duties under the
431:Text of the Explosives Act 1875
2004:Scottish Fire Services College
1463:United Kingdom cladding crisis
552:A fire at the Eastwood Mills,
367:Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1977
1:
1423:Scotland and Northern Ireland
1080:European Communities Act 1972
337:Statute Law Revision Act 1898
72:before 1708, and that of the
1964:UK Government fire web site
1766:Landlord Certificate London
1535:Fire Services Act 1947 c.41
1510:Stephenson, Graham (2000).
855:Fire Precautions Act 1971.
402:Explosives Regulations 2014
160:Petroleum Acts 1862 to 1881
120:Following several fires in
2055:
2039:Laws in the United Kingdom
1305:
1205:
1179:
1149:
1100:
907:United Kingdom legislation
873:
613:United Kingdom legislation
594:
568:
545:
525:
510:
455:
352:Police (Scotland) Act 1967
332:Merchant Shipping Act 1894
194:United Kingdom legislation
163:
155:United Kingdom legislation
136:
924:
919:
890:Building Regulations 2000
630:
625:
620:Fire Precautions Act 1971
609:Fire Precautions Act 1971
211:
206:
174:The Petroleum Acts 1862,
1979:The Fire Service College
1596:Warrington Fire Research
1570:Wiebke, Redlich (2001).
1429:Fire (Scotland) Act 2005
1078:/1877) were a result of
306:Nitro Glycerine Act 1869
128:Kingdom of Great Britain
74:Kingdom of Great Britain
1730:www.lrbconsulting.co.uk
1514:. Routledge Cavendish.
322:Interpretation Act 1889
1762:"Fire Risk Assessment"
1512:Sourcebook On Tort Law
1336:Fire Safety Order 2005
1314:Fire Safety Order 2005
535:Fire Services Act 1947
528:Fire Services Act 1947
522:Fire Services Act 1947
1974:Firesafe Organisation
1607:HSE Flixbourgh Report
1392:Womack & Bone LLP
511:Further information:
1870:Links to legislation
1807:on 23 September 2015
1748:Fire Safety Act 2021
1497:11 June 2009 at the
1308:Fire Safety Act 2021
1302:Fire Safety Act 2021
102:Great Fire of London
1481:Eyewitness accounts
1438:Scottish Government
1084:European Directives
1049:European directives
1027:London Fire Brigade
201:Explosives Act 1875
190:Explosives Act 1875
116:Kingdom of Scotland
100:As a result of the
76:from 1707 to 1800.
1947:Licensing Act 2003
1645:2013-12-10 at the
1548:Annual Report 1956
1124:Greater Manchester
1103:Licensing Act 2003
1097:Licensing Act 2003
994:legislation.gov.uk
730:legislation.gov.uk
585:Licensing Act 1961
565:Licensing Act 1961
548:Factories Act 1961
542:Factories Act 1961
507:Factories Act 1937
435:legislation.gov.uk
342:Fireworks Act 1951
286:Gunpowder Act 1860
170:Petroleum Act 1871
166:Petroleum Act 1868
96:Kingdom of England
1736:on 15 April 2014.
1658:BBC - On this day
1629:BBC - On this Day
1618:bcfiresafetypartb
1393:
1000:
999:
920:Act of Parliament
876:Building Act 1984
870:Building Act 1984
736:
735:
683:Other legislation
626:Act of Parliament
441:
440:
274:Other legislation
242:38 & 39 Vict.
207:Act of Parliament
145:Building Act 1774
139:Building Act 1774
66:England and Wales
53:
52:
2046:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1803:. Archived from
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:"Public Notices"
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1746:UK Legislation,
1744:
1738:
1737:
1732:. Archived from
1722:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1507:
1501:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1391:
1385:"Name and shame"
1182:Housing Act 2004
1176:Housing Act 2004
929:
928:
915:
910:
712:Status: Repealed
635:
634:
621:
616:
216:
215:
202:
197:
82:Irish Free State
48:
45:
39:
32:factual accuracy
24:
23:
16:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2024:Fire prevention
2014:
2013:
1960:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1801:"Archived copy"
1799:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1692:HSE Fact Sheets
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1652:
1647:Wayback Machine
1638:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:Wayback Machine
1490:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1449:
1425:
1416:
1400:
1387:
1345:
1328:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1210:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1154:
1148:
1105:
1099:
1072:
1045:
1019:
977:
976:Status: Amended
934:
926:
913:
908:
905:
878:
872:
841:
829:
713:
706:
640:
632:
619:
614:
611:
599:
593:
577:Top Storey Club
573:
567:
550:
544:
530:
524:
515:
509:
477:
460:
454:
418:
417:Status: Amended
411:
347:Police Act 1964
310:
279:Repeals/revokes
221:
213:
200:
195:
192:
172:
164:Main articles:
162:
157:
141:
135:
130:
118:
106:King Charles II
98:
90:
55:
49:
43:
40:
37:
29:This article's
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1958:External links
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1843:
1832:
1792:
1778:
1752:
1739:
1717:
1706:
1695:
1684:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1599:
1588:
1577:
1562:
1553:
1538:
1527:
1520:
1502:
1484:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1399:
1396:
1386:
1383:
1344:
1341:
1327:
1324:
1306:Main article:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1206:Main article:
1203:
1200:
1180:Main article:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1150:Main article:
1147:
1144:
1101:Main article:
1098:
1095:
1071:
1068:
1044:
1041:
1018:
1015:
998:
997:
986:
985:
979:
978:
975:
972:
971:
968:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
947:
946:
942:
936:
935:
930:
922:
921:
917:
916:
906:
904:
901:
874:Main article:
871:
868:
840:
837:
828:
825:
803:
802:
799:
796:
785:
784:
781:
778:
744:Saffron Walden
734:
733:
722:
721:
715:
714:
711:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
693:
691:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
670:
669:
665:
664:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
636:
628:
627:
623:
622:
612:
610:
607:
595:Main article:
592:
589:
566:
563:
546:Main article:
543:
540:
526:Main article:
523:
520:
513:Factories Acts
508:
505:
476:
473:
456:Main article:
453:
450:
439:
438:
427:
426:
420:
419:
416:
413:
412:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
316:
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
280:
276:
275:
271:
270:
269:1 January 1876
267:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
246:
245:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
217:
209:
208:
204:
203:
193:
191:
188:
161:
158:
156:
153:
137:Main article:
134:
131:
129:
126:
117:
114:
97:
94:
89:
86:
51:
50:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2051:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1521:1-85941-587-3
1517:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1379:Beds in sheds
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1218:John Prescott
1215:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:Bradford City
995:
991:
987:
984:
980:
973:
969:
967:
963:
958:
954:
952:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
923:
918:
911:
902:
900:
897:
893:
891:
885:
882:
877:
869:
867:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
844:
838:
836:
833:
826:
824:
822:
817:
814:
810:
806:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
790:
782:
779:
776:
775:
774:
772:
767:
765:
759:
757:
752:
748:
745:
741:
731:
727:
723:
720:
716:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
690:
686:
681:
677:
675:
671:
666:
662:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:
643:
639:
629:
624:
617:
608:
606:
603:
598:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
572:
564:
562:
559:
555:
549:
541:
539:
536:
529:
521:
519:
514:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
474:
472:
470:
466:
459:
451:
449:
447:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
414:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
247:
243:
240:
238:
234:
230:
228:
224:
220:
210:
205:
198:
189:
187:
185:
181:
177:
171:
167:
159:
154:
152:
150:
146:
140:
132:
127:
125:
123:
115:
113:
109:
107:
103:
95:
93:
87:
85:
83:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
47:
35:
33:
27:
18:
17:
1857:
1846:
1835:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1795:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:
1755:
1742:
1734:the original
1729:
1720:
1709:
1698:
1687:
1675:
1664:
1653:
1640:Fire Tactics
1635:
1624:
1613:
1602:
1591:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1487:
1476:
1442:
1426:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1388:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1329:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1296:
1287:
1268:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1211:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1170:
1155:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1092:
1088:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1031:
1020:
1012:
1001:
966:Royal assent
898:
894:
886:
883:
879:
865:
861:
857:
845:
842:
834:
830:
818:
815:
811:
807:
804:
786:
768:
760:
753:
749:
737:
674:Royal assent
604:
600:
574:
551:
531:
516:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
461:
442:
265:Commencement
259:14 June 1875
255:Royal assent
173:
142:
119:
110:
99:
91:
78:
57:
54:
44:October 2022
41:
30:
1343:Enforcement
970:15 May 1987
852:Flixborough
689:Repealed by
678:27 May 1971
2018:Categories
1771:29 January
1469:References
955:1987 c. 27
940:Long title
740:Boxing Day
646:Long title
569:See also:
315:Amended by
227:Long title
1398:Penalties
850:plant in
558:Yorkshire
184:petroleum
122:Edinburgh
1821:cite web
1643:Archived
1495:Archived
1447:See also
1414:Case law
1278:employed
1142:issues.
951:Citation
656:Citation
554:Keighley
237:Citation
149:parishes
70:Scotland
1230:SI 2005
1122:as the
1076:SI 1999
1034:SI 1989
771:SI 1989
764:SI 1972
469:SI 2002
446:SI 2005
1811:1 July
1518:
1419:days.
581:Bolton
68:, and
960:Dates
848:Nypro
668:Dates
663:c. 40
249:Dates
244:c. 17
1827:link
1813:2010
1773:2023
1516:ISBN
1330:The
1156:The
661:1971
180:1871
178:and
176:1868
168:and
56:The
738:On
579:in
2020::
1823:}}
1819:{{
1764:.
1728:.
1440:.
1394:)
1221:MP
1029:.
892:.
556:,
1829:)
1815:.
1789:.
1775:.
1524:.
1377:"
1228:(
996:.
762:(
732:.
444:(
437:.
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.