Christianity in the modern era

1554: 2213:

standing. This process involved a redefinition of the idea of "the Church" from traditional theology. This ecclesiology, known as denominationalism, contends that each group (which fulfils the essential criteria of "being Christian") is a sub-group of a greater "Christian Church", itself a purely abstract concept with no direct representation, i.e., no group, or "denomination", claims to be "the Church". Obviously, this ecclesiology is at variance with other groups that indeed consider themselves to be "the Church". The "essential criteria" generally consist of belief in the Trinity, belief that Jesus Christ is the only way to have forgiveness and eternal life, and that He died and rose again bodily.

1927: 1954:

worship left to the Church were legally viewed as state property which the government permitted the church to use. After the advent of state funded universal education, the Church was not permitted to carry on educational, instructional activity for children. For adults, only training for church-related occupations was allowed. Outside of sermons during the celebration of the divine liturgy it could not instruct or evangelise to the faithful or its youth. Catechism classes, religious schools, study groups, Sunday schools and religious publications were all illegal and or banned. This persecution continued, even after the death of Stalin until the

2082:

resistance groups, the Maier Group informed very early about the mass murder of Jews through their contacts with the Semperit factory near Auschwitz. In total, as Austrian resistance fighters, 706 priests were imprisoned in the Nazi regime, 128 in concentration camps and 20 to 90 executed or murdered in the concentration camp. In 1940 the SS designated Dachau concentration camp with its own priest block as a central internment place for Christian clergymen who were often severely tortured. In addition, there were always special riots against the priests.

935:). Devastating, too, for the Church was the fact that it could not bear witness to Christ. Missionary work among Moslems was dangerous and indeed impossible, whereas conversion to Islam was entirely legal and permissible. Converts to Islam who returned to Orthodoxy were put to death as apostates. No new churches could be built and even the ringing of church bells was prohibited. Education of the clergy and the Christian population either ceased altogether or was reduced to the most rudimentary elements. 1026: 1859:). This included the Eastern European bloc countries as well as the Balkan States. Since some of these Slavic states tied their ethnic heritage to their ethnic churches, both the peoples and their church where targeted by the Soviet. The Soviets' official religious stance was one of "religious freedom or tolerance", though the state established atheism as the only scientific truth. Criticism of atheism was strictly forbidden and sometimes lead to imprisonment. 904:, which had been Christian churches for nearly a millennium were, admittedly, converted into mosques, yet countless other churches, both in Constantinople and elsewhere, remained in Christian hands. Moreover, it is striking that the patriarch's and the hierarchy's position was considerably strengthened and their power increased. They were endowed with civil as well as ecclesiastical power over all Christians in Ottoman territories. Because 1748: 67: 6277: 2380: 743: 699: 6266: 2352: 1693:. The crisis resulted in several permanent schisms as well as the formation of occasional splinter groups, some of which no longer exist. These various groups are occasionally referred to under two geographical headings: "Prairie Saints" (those that remained in the Midwest United States) and "Rocky Mountain Saints" (those who followed Brigham Young to what would later become the state of 2947:

the direct participation of the church, either in legislative terms or in the conduct of policy. Although the authors of the article state that the active role of the Church in inciting the government to conduct anti-Jewish acts (for example in the case of Ivan the Terrible's policy in the defeated territories) is 'obvious', no facts are given in their article to support this.

2066:(1876–1958). The head rabbi of Rome became a Catholic in 1945 and, in honour of the actions the pope undertook to save Jewish lives, he took the name Eugenio (the pope's first name). A former Israeli consul in Italy claimed: "The Catholic Church saved more Jewish lives during the war than all the other churches, religious institutions, and rescue organisations put together." 944:

parishes and their clergy. Nor was the patriarchal throne ever secure. Few patriarchs between the fifteenth and the nineteenth centuries died a natural death while in office. The forced abdications, exiles, hangings, drownings, and poisonings of patriarchs are well documented. But if the patriarch's position was precarious so was the hierarchy's. The hanging of patriarch

2050:– that Fascist governments had hidden "pagan intentions" and expressed the irreconcilability of the Catholic position and Totalitarian Fascist State Worship, which placed the nation above God and fundamental human rights and dignity. His declaration that "Spiritually, are all Semites" prompted the Nazis to give him the title "Chief Rabbi of the Christian World". 2366: 1975:

the Bolshevik Revolution forced thousands of Russian exiles westward. As a result, Orthodoxy's traditional frontiers have been profoundly modified. Millions of Orthodox are no longer geographically "eastern" since they live permanently in their newly adopted countries in the West. Nonetheless, they remain Eastern Orthodox in their faith and practice.

1800:. In the case of anti-Semitism and the anti-Jewish pogroms, no evidence is given of the direct participation of the church, and many Russian Orthodox clerics, including senior hierarchs, openly defended persecuted Jews, at least from the second half of the nineteenth century. Also, the Church has no official position on Judaism as such. 2121:), which means "the inhabited world", but more figuratively something like "universal oneness". The movement can be distinguished into Catholic and Protestant movements, with the latter characterised by a redefined ecclesiology of "denominationalism" (which the Catholic Church, among others, rejects). 1974:

One of the most striking developments in modern historical Orthodoxy is the dispersion of Orthodox Christians to the West. Emigration from Greece and the Near East in the last hundred years has created a sizable Orthodox diaspora in Western Europe, North and South America, and Australia. In addition,

1701:

organizations who regard themselves as a part of the Latter Day Saint movement, though in most cases they do not acknowledge the other branches as valid and regard their own tradition as the only correct and authorized version of the church Smith founded. The vast majority of Latter Day Saints belong

943:

The Orthodox Church found itself subject to the Turkish system of corruption. The patriarchal throne was frequently sold to the highest bidder, while new patriarchal investiture was accompanied by heavy payment to the government. In order to recoup their losses, patriarchs and bishops taxed the local

2946:

It is no coincidence that in the entry on 'Orthodoxy' in the seventh volume of the Kratkaya Evreiskaya Entsyklopedia, devoted to the Russian Orthodox Church (pp. 733–743), where numerous examples are given of persecution of the Jews in Russia, including religious persecution, no evidence is given of

2212:

Ecumenical movements within Protestantism have focused on determining a list of doctrines and practices essential to being Christian and thus extending to all groups which fulfil these basic criteria a (more or less) co-equal status, with perhaps one's own group still retaining a "first among equal"

2191:

to note but a few) as well as practical matters such as the concrete exercise of the claim to papal primacy and how to ensure that ecclesiastical union would not mean mere absorption of the smaller Churches by the Latin component of the much larger Catholic Church (the most numerous single religious

1949:

After Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Joseph Stalin revived the Russian Orthodox Church to intensify patriotic support for the war effort. By 1957 about 22,000 Russian Orthodox churches had become active. But in 1959 Nikita Khrushchev initiated his own campaign against the Russian

1372:

was a wave of religious enthusiasm among Protestants in the American colonies c. 1730–1740, emphasising the traditional Reformed virtues of Godly preaching, rudimentary liturgy, and a deep sense of personal guilt and redemption by Christ Jesus. Historian Sydney E. Ahlstrom saw it as part of a "great

2081:

and aircraft to the Allies. From the fall of 1943 at least, these transmissions informed the Allies about the exact site plans of German production plants. With the location sketches of the manufacturing facilities, the Allied bombers were given precise air strikes. In contrast to many other German

2339:

of the Catholic Church. The council was "pastoral" in nature, emphasising and clarifying already defined dogma, revising liturgical practices, and providing guidance for articulating traditional Church teachings in contemporary times. The council is perhaps best known for its instructions that the

1862:

The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were

931:, while all Christians were viewed as little more than second-class citizens. Moreover, Turkish corruption and brutality were not a myth. That it was the "infidel" Christian who experienced this more than anyone else is not in doubt. Nor were pogroms of Christians in these centuries unknown (see 2835:

Ahlstrom's summary is as follows: Restorationism has its genesis with Thomas and Alexander Campbell, whose movement is connected to the German Reformed Church through Otterbein, Albright, and Winebrenner (p. 212). American Millennialism and Adventism, which arose from Evangelical Protestantism,

1953:

In the Soviet Union, in addition to the methodical closing and destruction of churches, the charitable and social work formerly done by ecclesiastical authorities was taken over by the state. As with all private property, Church owned property was confiscated into public use. The few places of

1937:

The main target of the anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and 1930s was the Russian Orthodox Church, which had the largest number of faithful. Nearly its entire clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labor camps. Theological schools were closed, and church publications were

2053:

Catholic priests were executed in concentration camps alongside Jews; for example, 2,600 Catholic priests were imprisoned in Dachau, and 2,000 of them were executed. A further 2,700 Polish priests were executed (a quarter of all Polish priests), and 5,350 Polish nuns were either displaced,

1413:

churches, while also spreading within the slave population. The Second Great Awakening (1800–1830s), unlike the first, focused on the unchurched and sought to instil in them a deep sense of personal salvation as experienced in revival meetings. It also sparked the beginnings of the

864:

For the next four hundred years, it would be confined within a hostile Islamic world, with which it had little in common religiously or culturally. This geographical and intellectual confinement partially explains why the voice of Eastern Orthodoxy was not heard during the

1938:

prohibited. In the period between 1927 and 1940, the number of Orthodox Churches in the Russian Republic fell from 29,584 to less than 500. Between 1917 and 1940, 130,000 Orthodox priests were arrested. Of these, 95,000 were put to death, executed by firing squad. Father

1738:

abolished completely the patriarchate and so the Russian Orthodox Church effectively became a department of the government, ruled by a Most Holy Synod composed of senior bishops and lay bureaucrats appointed by the Tsar himself. This continued until the 20th century.

1197:

The original intent of the colonists was to establish spiritual Puritanism, which had been denied to them in England and the rest of Europe to engage in peaceful commerce with England and the Native American Indians and to Christianize the peoples of the Americas.

2279:

and certain liberal Protestant groups that denied doctrines considered fundamental to Christianity yet still called themselves "Christian". Thus, fundamentalism sought to re-establish tenets that could not be denied without relinquishing a Christian identity, the

1532:

developed out of the Second Great Awakening and is historically connected to the Protestant Reformation, but differs in that Restorationists do not usually describe themselves as "reforming" a Christian church continuously existing from the time of Jesus, but as

916:, head of the entire Christian Orthodox population. Practically, this meant that all Orthodox Churches within Ottoman territory were under the control of Constantinople. Thus, the authority and jurisdictional frontiers of the patriarch were enormously enlarged. 1464:. Direct attacks on the wealth of the Catholic Church and associated grievances led to the wholesale nationalisation of church property and attempts to establish a state-run church. Large numbers of priests refused to take an oath of compliance to the 1163:, left England so that they could live in an area with Puritanism established as the exclusive civic religion. Though they had left England because of the suppression of their religious practice, most Puritans had thereafter originally settled in the 857:. The ecumenical patriarch was the religious and administrative ruler of the entire "Greek Orthodox nation" (Ottoman administrative unit), which encompassed all the Eastern Orthodox subjects of the Empire. As a result of the Ottoman conquest and the 2235:, sometimes called liberal theology, is an umbrella term covering diverse, philosophically-informed religious movements and moods within late 18th-, 19th- and 20th-century Christianity. The word "liberal" in liberal Christianity does not refer to a 1950:

Orthodox Church and forced the closure of about 12,000 churches. By 1985 fewer than 7,000 churches remained active. Members of the church hierarchy were jailed or forced out, their places taken by docile clergy, many of whom had ties with the KGB.

2836:

produced certain groups such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (p. 387, 501–9), the Jehovah's Witness movement (p. 807), and, as a reaction specifically to William Miller, Seventh Day Adventism (p. 381); Sydney E. Ahlstrom,

1523:

Restorationism refers to various unaffiliated movements that considered contemporary Christianity, in all its forms, to be a deviation from the true, original Christianity, which these groups then attempted to "Reconstruct", often using the

1661:

destroyed. In spite of Smith's later offer to pay damages for destroyed property, critics of Smith and the church considered the destruction heavy-handed. Some called for the Latter Day Saints to be either expelled or destroyed. Following

1190:. This successful, though initially quite difficult, colony marked the beginning of the Protestant presence in America (the earlier French, Spanish and Portuguese settlements had been Catholic), and became a kind of oasis of spiritual and 923:), including freedom of worship and religious organisation, were often established in principle but seldom corresponded to reality. The legal privileges of the patriarch and the Church depended, in fact, on the whim and mercy of the 2085:

The relationship between Nazism and Protestantism, especially the German Lutheran Church, was complex. Though the majority of Protestant church leaders in Germany supported the Nazis' growing anti-Jewish activities, some, such as

1249:

mission to China was relatively peaceful and focused on adopted the Catholic faith to Chinese thinking, permitting among others the veneration of the dead. The Vatican disagreed and forbade any adaptation in the so-called

2195:

With respect to Catholic relations with Protestant communities, certain commissions were established to foster dialogue and documents have been produced aimed at identifying points of doctrinal unity, such as the

585: 2152:(On the Churches of the East) safeguarding the importance and continuance of the Eastern traditions for the whole Church. On 7 December 1965, a Joint Catholic-Orthodox Declaration of Pope Paul VI and the 1994:

Fascism describes certain related political regimes in 20th-century Europe, especially the Nazi Germany of Hitler, the Fascist Italy of Mussolini and the falangist Spain of Franco. About Italian Fascism

4162: 838: 1915:, a sister from the Grand Duchess Elizabeth's convent. They were herded into the forest, pushed into an abandoned mineshaft and grenades were then hurled into the mineshaft. Her remains were buried in 1434:

began from 1857 and was most notable for taking the movement throughout the world, especially in English speaking countries. The final group to emerge from the "great awakenings" in North America was

1167:

but found the licentiousness there, where the state hesitated from enforcing religious practice, as unacceptable, so with hopes of a Puritan utopia, they set out to establish the English colonies of

1887:

was to transform the Church into a persecuted and martyred Church. In the first five years after the Bolshevik revolution, 28 bishops and 1,200 priests were executed. This included people like the

1553: 888:. As such, the Church was not extinguished nor was its canonical and hierarchical organisation significantly disrupted. Its administration continued to function. One of the first things that 5477: 4807: 3956: 2621: 1827: 5020: 2040:

Regarding the matter, historian Derek Holmes wrote, "There is no doubt that the Catholic districts, resisted the lure of National Socialism far better than the Protestant ones."

1582:

as two separate beings, who told him that the true church had been lost and would be restored through him, and that he would be given the authority to organize and lead the true

5512: 2153: 2983:, the clergy and the landowners. There will be an award of 100,000 rubles for each one hanged." He was speaking about the future actions in the countries neighboring Russia. 2197: 1194:, to which persecuted Protestants and other minorities from the British Isles and Europe (and later, from all over the world) fled to for peace, freedom and opportunity. 3426: 6884: 2979:, President of the Revolutionary War Soviet: "We are surrounded by the greens (we pack it to them), we will move only about 10–20 versty and we will choke by hand the 1650: 6874: 2139:. Although progress has been made, concerns over papal primacy and the independence of the smaller Orthodox churches has blocked a final resolution of the schism. 1703: 1538: 575: 4172: 3919: 729: 30: 970:

as a form of regular taxation in order to build a loyal army (formerly largely composed of war captives) and the class of (military) administrators called the "

869:

in sixteenth-century Europe. As a result, the theological debates surrounding the reformation are largely alien to the Orthodox church. Neither Reformation nor

5980: 5103: 3731: 4439: 4454: 2935: 1900: 1089:, although it was not until the 1640s that England underwent religious strife comparable to that which its neighbours had suffered some generations before. 6313: 4903: 3353: 5936: 4476: 3580: 2488: 1640: 5487: 3782: 1495:

August 29, 1799 after six months of captivity. To win popular support for his rule, Napoleon re-established the Catholic Church in France through the

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Sermons to young people by Father George Calciu-Dumitreasa. Given at the Chapel of the Romanian Orthodox Church Seminary, The Word online. Bucharest

2004: 5439: 5391: 4898: 4205: 3818: 1930: 1565: 1015: 813: 3329: 4210: 3364:

The following links provide quantitative data related to Christianity and other major religions, including rates of adherence at different times:

2090:(a Lutheran pastor) were strongly opposed to the Nazis. Bonhoeffer was later found guilty in the conspiracy to assassinate Hitler and executed. 1863:

determined by State interests, and most organised religions were never outlawed. Some actions against Orthodox priests and believers along with

1182:". After establishing a colony at Plymouth (in what would become later Massachusetts) in 1620, the Puritan pilgrims received a charter from the 5369: 5359: 5123: 5055: 4923: 4167: 4075: 3806: 3726: 3674: 3472: 2404: 1529: 1512: 1343: 685: 632: 3373: 5948: 3684: 3419: 3320: 3178: 3157: 3085: 3001: 2642: 1465: 945: 908:

makes no distinction between nationality and religion, all Christians, regardless of their language or nationality, were considered a single

6073: 2399: 1926: 1606: 1583: 607: 6828: 6111: 4656: 1205:

in North America. Unlike the Spanish or French, the English colonists made surprisingly little effort to evangelise the native peoples.

570: 6682: 1186:

which legitimized their colony, allowing them to do trade and commerce with merchants in England, in accordance with the principles of

4254: 4157: 3314: 1888: 1767: 1222: 722: 3190:

Erika Weinzierl: Kirchlicher Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus. In: Themen der Zeitgeschichte und der Gegenwart. Vienna 2004,

6879: 5997: 5096: 3290: 3271: 3252: 3233: 3195: 3032: 2968: 1128:.) They also objected to ecclesiastical courts. They refused to endorse completely all of the ritual directions and formulas of the 1072: 848: 4893: 1051:, which questioned certain Christian doctrines, the Enlightenment questioned Christianity as a whole. Generally, it elevated human 2666: 2069:

In Austria there was strong Catholic resistance to National Socialism. The outstanding resistance group is that around the priest

948:

from the gate of the patriarchate on Easter Sunday 1821 was accompanied by the execution of two metropolitans and twelve bishops.

6813: 6408: 6241: 4671: 4570: 4029: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3412: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2538: 1984: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1134:; the imposition of its liturgical order by legal force and inspection sharpened Puritanism into a definite opposition movement. 1109: 1038: 1034: 1011: 642: 6838: 6441: 6306: 5508: 5406: 5374: 4756: 4486: 4225: 4182: 4065: 4055: 3865: 3828: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3467: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 1955: 1896: 1503:, brought Catholic revival, renewed enthusiasm, and new respect for the papacy following the depredations of the previous era. 377: 3207:

Jean Bernhard: Pfarrerblock 25487. Dachau 1941–42. (2004) p 44; Walter Ferber: 55 Monate Dachau: Ein Tatsachenbericht. (1993).

6458: 6396: 6200: 5364: 5070: 5038: 4461: 4215: 3985: 3901: 3792: 2439: 2192:

denomination in the world), and the stifling or abandonment of their own rich theological, liturgical and cultural heritage.

1904: 1892: 580: 525: 3390: 912:, or nation. The patriarch, as the highest ranking hierarch, was thus invested with civil and religious authority and made 6833: 6742: 6007: 5329: 5060: 5050: 4471: 4269: 4239: 4080: 3931: 3884: 3622: 2394: 2130: 1609:

and in 1838 Joseph Smith announced that he had received a revelation from God officially expanding the common name to the

1142: 778:

from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of World War II. It can be divided into the early modern period and the

715: 286: 240: 208: 2704: 6012: 5089: 4249: 2172: 3045: 3013: 6792: 6787: 6403: 6083: 5864: 5726: 4613: 4259: 4244: 4230: 4137: 4127: 3617: 1682: 515: 218: 6848: 6843: 6299: 6193: 6155: 5642: 4264: 4132: 3936: 2685: 1674: 1473: 3027:

Father Arseny 1893–1973 Priest, Prisoner, Spiritual Father. Introduction pg. vi — 1. St Vladimir's Seminary Press

1112:. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially 6818: 6572: 6533: 6236: 6226: 6188: 5943: 5753: 5721: 5675: 5652: 5043: 4526: 3990: 3880: 3384: 3381:, a journal of Orthodox theology and philosophy, containing articles on early Christianity and patristic studies. 3121:

John Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages: A History (New York: Paulist Press, 2005), p. 332 & n. 37.

2301: 2201: 2188: 2104:

Ecumenism broadly refers to movements between Christian groups to establish a degree of unity through dialogue. "

2003:

friendly but critical. In the Spanish Civil War Roman Catholics internationally were mainly in support of either

1920: 1726:

status, and as the only part of the Orthodox communion which remained outside the control of the Ottoman Empire;

1663: 1639:

and several other Latter Day Saints in church leadership positions publicly denounced Smith's secret practice of

1629: 1476:. In this period, all monasteries were destroyed, 30,000 priests were exiled and hundreds more were killed. 1419: 1251: 612: 565: 555: 410: 250: 213: 6216: 6121: 6116: 5931: 5896: 5822: 5778: 5773: 5570: 5396: 5241: 5138: 5133: 5065: 5033: 4928: 4608: 4421: 3914: 3850: 2690:

It has become the largest of the world's religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused of all faiths.

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Natalia Shlikhta (2004) "'Greek Catholic'-'Orthodox'-'Soviet': a symbiosis or a conflict of identities?" in

2449: 2429: 1856: 1848:) after the October Revolution. This may have further strengthened the Bolshevik animus against the church. 1719: 1636: 932: 909: 853: 690: 647: 422: 271: 40: 66: 6647: 6476: 6221: 5812: 5670: 5612: 5503: 5482: 5247: 4996: 4883: 4501: 4122: 4043: 3451: 2465: 2332: 2322: 2276: 2247: 1851:

After the October Revolution of 7 November 1917 (October 25 Old Calendar) there was a movement within the

1542: 1359: 1149: 1048: 1001: 866: 858: 821: 805: 787: 560: 372: 255: 34: 861:, the entire Orthodox communion of the Balkans and the Near East became suddenly isolated from the West. 6727: 6280: 5879: 5605: 5414: 5317: 5272: 5201: 4991: 4933: 4824: 4819: 4697: 4691: 4491: 4039: 4004: 3909: 3823: 3605: 2424: 2297: 1598: 1431: 1402: 1394: 1369: 1363: 1355: 1327: 1266: 1214: 1130: 1125: 797: 510: 316: 301: 225: 114: 79: 50: 6592: 5424: 4117: 3378: 1537:

the Church that they believe was lost at some point. The name Restoration is also used to describe the

1025: 336: 3130:

John Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages: A History (New York: Paulist Press, 2005), p. 332.

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invaded Italy. The 82-year-old pope was taken as a prisoner to France in February 1799 and died in

1218: 1078: 1005: 870: 809: 703: 662: 417: 389: 331: 276: 198: 1468:, leading to the Catholic Church being outlawed and replaced by a new religion of the worship of " 6853: 6757: 6541: 6493: 6488: 6391: 6381: 6338: 6330: 6145: 6091: 6002: 5992: 5783: 5698: 5647: 5257: 4953: 4703: 4633: 4550: 4538: 4515: 4311: 4085: 3926: 3870: 3860: 3662: 3446: 2336: 2285: 2020: 1667: 1500: 885: 817: 783: 779: 442: 435: 326: 321: 306: 191: 119: 4024: 2723: 2054:

imprisoned, or executed. Many Catholic laypeople and clergy played notable roles in sheltering

1706:(LDS Church) which claims 16 million members worldwide. The second-largest denomination is the 1438:, which had its roots in the Methodist, Wesleyan, and Holiness movements, and began in 1906 on 6732: 6707: 6687: 6667: 6657: 6547: 6529: 6498: 6431: 6348: 6322: 6182: 6061: 5967: 5891: 5790: 5763: 5682: 5630: 5580: 5339: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5287: 5277: 5226: 4878: 4797: 4792: 4746: 4741: 4686: 4555: 4351: 3736: 3657: 3595: 3347: 3286: 3267: 3248: 3229: 3191: 3174: 3153: 3055: 3028: 2997: 2964: 2886: 2648: 2638: 2025: 2016: 1912: 1841: 1735: 1698: 1518: 1496: 1492: 1461: 1455: 1427: 1313: 1258: 1105: 801: 667: 637: 617: 550: 500: 428: 245: 104: 94: 17: 6722: 6637: 6582: 6552: 6503: 6463: 6446: 6436: 6371: 6343: 5926: 5768: 5743: 5322: 5282: 4638: 4578: 3966: 3951: 3652: 3632: 3627: 3610: 3590: 2414: 2160: 2136: 2073:. This Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production sites for 2008: 2000: 1833: 1654: 1645: 1602: 1590: 1571: 1558: 1393:. It centred on reviving the spirituality of established congregations, and mostly affected 1226: 1191: 652: 545: 296: 168: 99: 1747: 6762: 6737: 6525: 6508: 6353: 6135: 6041: 5832: 5530: 5011: 4913: 4851: 4593: 4544: 4090: 3745: 3090: 3081: 2708: 2328: 1939: 1783: 1779: 1484: 1398: 1323: 1238: 1183: 1146: 1097: 1086: 490: 399: 2012: 796:(usually rounded down to 1500) and ending in the late 18th century with the onset of the 880:

that arose from the ashes of Byzantine civilisation was neither primitive nor barbaric.

6712: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6672: 6662: 6577: 6520: 6413: 6376: 6131: 6031: 5827: 5716: 5662: 5595: 5575: 5334: 5175: 5015: 5001: 4976: 4971: 4762: 4736: 4666: 4481: 4383: 4378: 4361: 4301: 4195: 4142: 3971: 3891: 3740: 2862: 2371: 2293: 2281: 2180: 2109: 2070: 1908: 1845: 1770:, of the late Russian Empire. At the same time, it was placed under the control of the 1763: 1752: 1617: 1575: 1435: 1382: 1262: 964: 877: 844: 763: 536: 495: 475: 346: 311: 163: 84: 2148: 1269:

led to the Christianization of the indigenous populations of the Americas such as the

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Extensive online resources for the study of global church history (Tyndale Seminary).

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in 1991. This caused many religious tracts to be circulated as illegal literature or

1884: 1790: 1723: 1686: 1678: 1621: 1172: 1164: 1156: 928: 759: 449: 356: 153: 148: 3341:

From AD 33 to the Reformation by Rev. J. C Robertson, M.A., Canon of Canterbury

3014:

http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/sermons/calciu_christ_calling.htm

6767: 6597: 6468: 6386: 5869: 5817: 5748: 5738: 5419: 5351: 5216: 5112: 4943: 4873: 4751: 4560: 4531: 4398: 4095: 3838: 3797: 2385: 2305: 2184: 2041: 1996: 1852: 1690: 1670:, some prominent members of the church claimed to be Smith's legitimate successor. 1625: 1579: 1480: 1331: 1242: 1230: 1187: 897: 775: 742: 405: 178: 58: 2849:

Image from the U.S. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division

1241:

were moving into Asia and the Far East. The Portuguese sent missions into Africa.

884:

not only recognised Jesus as a great prophet, but tolerated Christians as another

873:, in the Western sense, are present in the Orthodox Church's historical theology. 1201:

The most famous colonisation by Protestants in the New World was that of English

1029:

Maps of territory held by Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (green), 1642–1645

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Fundamentalist Christianity, is a movement that arose mainly within British and

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The Church, like the Tsarist state was seen as an enemy of the people by the

6562: 6265: 6176: 6024: 5859: 5849: 5842: 5800: 5795: 5590: 5550: 4958: 4908: 4834: 4829: 4603: 4588: 4316: 4306: 4009: 3995: 3719: 2351: 2243: 2176: 2118: 2099: 1916: 1876: 1864: 1423: 1410: 1386: 1339: 1319: 1101: 971: 901: 889: 782:. The history of Christianity in the early modern period coincides with the 622: 485: 455: 3404: 1578:. Throughout his life, Smith told of an experience he had as a boy having 1570:

The driving force behind and founder of the Latter Day Saint movement was

6772: 6567: 5565: 5434: 4802: 4681: 4321: 4014: 3760: 3750: 3704: 3699: 3694: 2164: 2135:

Over the last century, a number of moves have been made to reconcile the

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Christ Is Calling You : A Course in Catacomb Pastorship by Father

2236: 1868: 1808: 1797: 1756: 1406: 1390: 1378: 1374: 1335: 1202: 1082: 505: 230: 203: 3171:

Widerstand und Verrat: Gestapospitzel im antifaschistischen Untergrund

3855: 3775: 3642: 3387:, A time line with references to the descendants of the early church. 3346: 3310:

The following links give an overview of the history of Christianity:

3224:

The Story of Christianity, Vol. 2: The Reformation to the Present Day

2626: 2250:

and other philosophical and religious paradigms developed during the

1872: 1727: 1587: 1469: 1246: 1121: 1113: 1060: 1052: 967: 924: 905: 657: 158: 6291: 2867:

The Papers of Joseph Smith: Autobiographical and Historical Writings

2137:

schism between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox churches

2159:

Some of the most difficult questions in relations with the ancient

1557:

Cover page of The Book of Mormon from an original 1830 edition, by

1116:. The Puritans objected to ornaments and ritual in the churches as 5807: 5267: 5206: 5163: 4403: 2972: 2289: 1855:

to unite all of the people of the world under Communist rule (see

1552: 1499:. All over Europe, the end of the Napoleonic wars signaled by the 1460:

Matters grew still worse with the violent anti-clericalism of the

1342:

churches. When the movement eventually waned, it gave rise to new

1278: 1270: 881: 741: 173: 135: 2015:

de facto toleration of anti-clerical violence in and just before

1574:, and to a lesser extent, during the movement's first two years, 4100: 1771: 1694: 1605:

visited them in 1829 and gave them authority to reestablish the

1274: 6295: 5085: 5081: 3408: 2971:/ 9789986757412 / 9986–757–41-X pg 23 "As early as August 1920 839:

History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire

2963:

by Afonsas Eidintas Genocide and Research Centre of Lithuania

2055: 2037:

The position of Christians in Nazi Fascism is highly complex.

1804: 1762:

The Russian Orthodox Church held a privileged position in the

1277:, but, until the 19th century, missions had to work under the 959:

was the system of the collection of young boys from conquered

2959:

President of Lithuania: Prisoner of the Gulag a Biography of

2340:

Mass may be celebrated in the vernacular as well as in Latin

2112: 1620:

in March 1830, which LDS members believe was translated from

3305: 3148:

Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang, Wolfgang Neugebauer:

2769:. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1972) p. 263 2724:

http://www.helleniccomserve.com/pdf/BlkBkPontusPrinceton.pdf

1891:

who was at this point a monastic. Along with her murder was

1326:, in North America which saw the development of evangelical 2702:

The Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies

1085:

party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarized the

1962:. Since the fall of the Soviet Union there have been many 3368: 2622:

A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years

2275:

in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in reaction to

1442:, in Los Angeles. Pentecostalism would later lead to the 982:. Boys delivered to the Ottomans in this way were called 2891:

Inventing Mormonism: Tradition and the Historical Record

2156:

was issued lifting the mutual excommunications of 1054.

1828:

History of Eastern Orthodox Churches in the 20th century

974:", or other servants such as tellak in hamams. The word 816:. Christianity expanded throughout the world during the 2917:

Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History

2242:

agenda or set of beliefs, but rather to the freedom of

5021:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

2861:, LDS Church Archives, book A-1, p. 37; reproduced in 1047:

constituted a new challenge of the Church. Unlike the

892:

did was to allow the Church to elect a new patriarch,

2840:. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1972) 1373:

international Protestant upheaval" that also created

1137:

The later Puritan movement were often referred to as

1789:

The church was involved in the various campaigns of

6801: 6606: 6422: 6362: 6329: 6209: 6164: 6082: 5966: 5957: 5912: 5697: 5661: 5621: 5521: 5502: 5448: 5405: 5350: 5256: 5235: 5194: 5162: 4864: 4783: 4712: 4647: 4569: 4500: 4414: 4181: 4064: 3900: 3791: 3673: 3571: 3460: 2308:of Jesus, and the imminent return of Jesus Christ. 1911:; Grand Duke Sergei's secretary, Fyodor Remez; and 1677:, in which the majority of church members followed 3221: 3046:"Anti-Communist Priest Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa" 2198:Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification 1630:record of Americas between about 600 BC and 400 AD 1059:and down-graded religious authorities such as the 3393:, A short timeline of the Protestant Reformation. 3374:Early Stages of the Establishment of Christianity 3264:A History of Christianity, Volume 2: 1500 to 1975 3023: 3021: 2792: 2790: 2788: 1225:. At the same time, missionaries such those from 3357:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 330–345. 2893:(Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) p. 160. 1704:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1145:and eventually led to the formation of various 576:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1734:, as the heir of Constantinople. In 1721 Tsar 1178:These Puritan separatists were also known as " 31:History of Christianity during the Middle Ages 6307: 5981:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 5680: 5097: 3420: 1743:Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire 1155:The most famous and well-known emigration to 1108:. Its origins lay in the discontent with the 723: 8: 3247:. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 3139:Derek Holmes, History of the Papacy, p. 158. 3112:Derek Holmes, History of the Papacy, p. 116. 3103:Derek Holmes, History of the Papacy, p. 102. 2996:Published by Saint Hermans Press April 1997 2936:International Council of Christians and Jews 1999:is said to have been moderately sceptic and 1778:in the 18th century. Its governing body was 1586:. Smith and Cowdery also explained that the 851:acquired substantial power as an autonomous 1822:Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet Union 1657:subsequently had the printing press of the 1611:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 6314: 6300: 6292: 5963: 5518: 5253: 5104: 5090: 5082: 4497: 3427: 3413: 3405: 3077: 3075: 2838:A Religious History of the American People 2767:A Religious History of the American People 2445: 2312:Contemporary Christianity (1946 – present) 1966:added as Saints from the yoke of atheism. 919:However, these rights and privileges (see 730: 716: 385: 65: 45: 2171:, functional purposes of asceticism, the 1632:and an original church of Jesus therein. 786:, and is usually taken to begin with the 2798:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 2680:Jan Pelikan, Jaroslav (13 August 2022). 1979:Western Christianity in the 20th century 1925: 1746: 1566:History of the Latter Day Saint movement 1024: 1016:Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery 814:Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery 39:For broader coverage of this topic, see 6885:Christianity in the early modern period 4845:Fostering of early experimental science 2608: 1782:, which was run by an official (titled 1450:French Revolution and worship of Reason 1265:with a significant roled played by the 1254:in 1692 and 1742. The expansion of the 828:Early modern period (c. 1500 – c. 1750) 535: 388: 57: 6875:Christianity in the late modern period 4949:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 2927: 2925: 2915:Shlomo Lambroza, John D. Klier (2003) 2747:(New York: Penguin Books, 2004) p. 540 2405:History of the Eastern Orthodox Church 1710:, which reports over 250,000 members. 1513:Restorationism (Christian primitivism) 1289:Late modern period (c. 1750 – c. 1945) 1159:was the migration of the Puritans, or 3315:History of Christianity Reading Room: 2949:http://www.jcrelations.net/en/?id=787 2869:(Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book) 1104:and was a movement for reform in the 1096:(late 16th century-17th century) was 1081:on the Continent and the growth of a 762:, considered to be the birthplace of 7: 3266:(paperback). San Francisco: Harper. 2400:History of the Roman Catholic Church 1793:, and accused of the involvement in 1580:seen God the Father and Jesus Christ 1483:sided against the revolution in the 1350:Great Awakenings (18th–19th century) 843:In 1453, Constantinople fell to the 6829:History of the Mediterranean region 1931:Christ the Saviour Cathedral Moscow 1818:and other Russian revolutionaries. 1673:These various claims resulted in a 820:. Christianity has thus become the 571:Members Church of God International 3331:Dictionary of the History of Ideas 3322:Dictionary of the History of Ideas 3262:Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1975). 2222:Modernism and liberal Christianity 2154:Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I 1889:Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna 1768:Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Populism 25: 3150:Gestapo-Leitstelle Wien 1938–1945 3044:Sullivan, Patricia (2006-11-26). 2906:, Volume 32, Number 3 (Routledge) 1803:The Church was allowed to impose 1786:) appointed by the Tsar himself. 1722:, which had recently acquired an 1322:and Wesleyan revival, called the 1073:History of the Puritans from 1649 978:means "collecting, gathering" in 800:and the events leading up to the 6814:Bibliography of European history 6409:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 6276: 6275: 6264: 5392:State church of the Roman Empire 3345:Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). 3283:Church History in Plain Language 2859:Manuscript History of the Church 2378: 2364: 2350: 1985:Christianity in the 20th century 1303:Christianity in the 20th century 1299:Christianity in the 19th century 1295:Christianity in the 18th century 1110:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 1039:Christianity in the 18th century 1035:Christianity in the 17th century 1021:Age of Enlightenment (1640–1740) 1012:Christianity in the 16th century 697: 6839:History of Western civilization 6442:Christianity in the Middle Ages 5375:First seven ecumenical councils 3245:A World History of Christianity 2146:published the Apostolic Letter 1970:Diaspora emigration to the West 1956:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1685:of the church; others followed 6683:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 6626:Christianity in the modern era 6397:Christianity in late antiquity 6242:Relations with other religions 5648:Church of the East (Nestorian) 5643:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 4808:Separation of church and state 4477:Formal and material principles 4462:Separation of church and state 3369:American Religion Data Archive 2440:Timeline of Christian missions 2208:Ecumenism within Protestantism 2019:. Dollfuss in Austria was the 1893:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich 772:history of modern Christianity 581:The New Church (Swedenborgian) 526:Nondenominational Christianity 18:History of modern Christianity 1: 6834:History of the European Union 4472:Hymnody of continental Europe 3623:Apostles in the New Testament 2932:"Jewish-Christian Relations" 2904:Religion, State & Society 2395:History of Christian theology 2131:Catholic Church and ecumenism 1718:Orthodoxy was very strong in 1702:to the largest denomination, 790: 2919:(Cambridge University Press) 2780:The Cambridge Modern History 2163:concern some doctrine (i.e. 1832:The Russian Orthodox Church 833:Orthodoxy under Ottoman rule 586:Unitarians and Universalists 6793:Russian invasion of Ukraine 6404:Crisis of the Third Century 5949:Views on poverty and wealth 3920:Eastern Orthodox opposition 3220:González, Justo L. (1985). 1946:of this particular period. 1528:as a "guidebook" of sorts. 996:The Reformation (1520–1641) 6901: 6849:Military history of Europe 6844:Maritime history of Europe 6194:World Evangelical Alliance 6156:Traditionalist Catholicism 3937:Art patronage of Julius II 3339:Sketches of Church History 3285:(2nd ed.). Word Pub. 3281:Shelley, Bruce L. (1996). 2745:The Reformation: A History 2458: 2448: 2320: 2261: 2225: 2217:Trends in western theology 2128: 2113: 2097: 1982: 1901:Konstantin Konstantinovich 1825: 1766:, expressed in the motto, 1616:Smith first published the 1563: 1543:Jehovah's Witness Movement 1516: 1510: 1474:French Republican Calendar 1453: 1353: 1311: 1292: 1285:governments and military. 1070: 1032: 1009: 999: 847:. Under Ottoman rule, the 836: 38: 28: 6819:Genetic history of Europe 6259: 6189:World Council of Churches 5681: 5676:Latter Day Saint movement 5119: 5029: 4440:Calvinist–Arminian debate 3442: 3243:Hastings, Adrian (1999). 3228:. San Francisco: Harper. 2811:The Story of Christianity 2478:Contemporary Christianity 2302:substitutionary atonement 2202:Lutheran World Federation 2023:realising Pope Pius XI's 1921:Church of Maria Magdalene 1697:). Today, there are many 1420:Latter Day Saint movement 1318:Revivalism refers to the 1252:Chinese Rites controversy 1171:, which later became the 804:of 1789. It includes the 6880:Modern history timelines 6217:Anti-Christian sentiment 5397:Christian biblical canon 4929:Christian existentialism 3335:Church as an Institution 2420:Timeline of Christianity 2410:History of Protestantism 2264:Christian fundamentalism 2246:process associated with 1909:Vladimir Pavlovich Paley 1776:Church reform of Peter I 1217:established a number of 822:world's largest religion 6824:History of Christianity 6271:Christianity portal 5430:Investiture Controversy 3436:History of Christianity 3385:Historical Christianity 3354:Encyclopædia Britannica 3326:Christianity in History 2961:Aleksandras Stulginskis 2686:Encyclopædia Britannica 2450:History of Christianity 2430:Eastern Orthodox Church 2183:, establishment of the 1857:Communist International 1209:Roman Catholic missions 933:Greco-Turkish relations 41:History of Christianity 6648:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 6222:Christian universalism 5613:Western Rite Orthodoxy 5458:Protestant Reformation 4997:Fourth Great Awakening 4884:Second Great Awakening 4123:Fall of Constantinople 3915:Development of primacy 3348:"Church History" 2743:MacCulloch, Diarmaid, 2668:Religions by Adherents 2333:Second Vatican Council 2323:Second Vatican Council 2317:Second Vatican Council 2248:continental philosophy 1934: 1759: 1681:, he being the senior 1653:. The city council of 1561: 1360:Second Great Awakening 1308:Revivalism (1720–1906) 1049:Protestant Reformation 1030: 1002:Protestant Reformation 859:fall of Constantinople 806:Protestant Reformation 788:Protestant Reformation 767: 35:Protestant Reformation 6728:Industrial Revolution 5880:Anointing of the Sick 4992:Reformed epistemology 4934:Third Great Awakening 4904:Seventh-day Adventist 4825:First Great Awakening 4698:Book of Common Prayer 4492:Protestant work ethic 4035:Independent Catholics 3986:Monastery dissolution 3086:"Cross meets Kremlin" 2425:Roman Catholic Church 2298:Virgin Birth of Jesus 2142:On 30 November 1895, 1929: 1897:Ioann Konstantinovich 1895:Romanov; the Princes 1883:. The result of this 1750: 1664:Smith's assassination 1643:in the controversial 1556: 1432:Third Great Awakening 1370:First Great Awakening 1364:Third Great Awakening 1356:First Great Awakening 1267:Roman Catholic Church 1215:Roman Catholic Church 1131:Book of Common Prayer 1126:Vestments controversy 1124:pomp and rags". (See 1028: 849:Greek Orthodox Church 798:Industrial Revolution 745: 6783:European debt crisis 6778:European integration 6718:Age of Enlightenment 6558:Republic of Florence 6201:Nondenominationalism 6074:Role in civilization 5541:Independent Catholic 5483:Relations with Islam 5463:Catholic Reformation 4815:Edicts of toleration 4624:Three Forms of Unity 4389:Bohemian Reformation 3962:Catholic Reformation 3819:Roman state religion 3638:Council of Jerusalem 3391:Reformation Timeline 2883:H. Michael Marquardt 2765:Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 2617:MacCulloch, Diarmaid 2454:Modern Christianity 2327:On 11 October 1962 2252:Age of Enlightenment 2233:Liberal Christianity 2228:Liberal Christianity 2149:Orientalium Dignitas 2047:Mit brennender Sorge 1933:after reconstruction 1905:Igor Konstantinovich 1444:Charismatic movement 1416:Restoration Movement 894:Gennadius Scholarius 890:Mehmet the Conqueror 423:Independent Catholic 6748:Revolutions of 1848 6678:Early modern France 6459:Anglo-Saxon England 6364:Classical antiquity 6247:Unlimited atonement 6232:Cultural Christians 5671:Jehovah's Witnesses 5293:Sermon on the Mount 5222:Christian tradition 5149:Lists of Christians 4987:Liberation theology 4894:Jehovah's Witnesses 4727:Radical Reformation 4455:Resistance theories 4342:Christian mysticism 4337:Early Scholasticism 4049:Ecclesial community 3947:Counter-Reformation 3812:Constantinian shift 3051:The Washington Post 2358:Christianity portal 2088:Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1755:, as seen from the 1708:Community of Christ 1472:" along with a new 1405:, German Reformed, 1383:Evangelical Revival 1079:Counter-Reformation 1006:Counter-Reformation 871:Counter-Reformation 810:Counter-Reformation 704:Christianity portal 561:Jehovah's Witnesses 241:History of theology 6854:Crusading movement 6758:Russian Revolution 6593:Hundred Years' War 6489:Maritime republics 6392:Early Christianity 6382:Hellenistic period 6339:Paleolithic Europe 6092:Crusading movement 5360:Ante-Nicene period 5061:Oriental Orthodoxy 4704:King James Version 4516:Ninety-five Theses 4312:Apostolic Brethren 4086:Church of the East 4081:Oriental Orthodoxy 3927:Crusading movement 3447:Early Christianity 2824:Saints and Sinners 2712:The New York Times 2707:2007-06-07 at the 2337:ecumenical council 2300:, the doctrine of 2200:produced with the 2125:Catholic ecumenism 2108:" is derived from 1935: 1760: 1730:called itself the 1668:Carthage, Illinois 1562: 1541:(Mormons) and the 1501:Congress of Vienna 1489:Napoleon Bonaparte 1223:indigenous peoples 1031: 886:People of the Book 878:Ottoman government 818:Age of Exploration 784:Age of Exploration 780:late modern period 776:Christian religion 768: 443:Church of the East 307:Early Christianity 6862: 6861: 6788:COVID-19 pandemic 6733:French Revolution 6708:Habsburg monarchy 6688:Cossack Hetmanate 6668:Portuguese Empire 6658:Absolute monarchy 6653:Thirty Years' War 6548:Holy Roman Empire 6473:Bulgarian Empire 6432:Early Middle Ages 6349:Bronze Age Europe 6323:History of Europe 6289: 6288: 6255: 6254: 6183:Charta Oecumenica 5693: 5692: 5683:Iglesia ni Cristo 5498: 5497: 5478:French Revolution 5468:Thirty Years' War 5340:Apostolic fathers 5308:Great Commandment 5079: 5078: 5056:Eastern Orthodoxy 4924:Finnish Awakening 4879:Holiness movement 4820:Congregationalism 4779: 4778: 4639:Metrical psalters 4076:Eastern Orthodoxy 4020:Neo-Scholasticism 3727:Canon development 3628:Jewish Christians 3402: 3401: 3179:978-3-7076-0622-5 3169:Hans Schafranek: 3158:978-3-902494-83-2 3084:(June 24, 2001). 3002:978-1-887904-52-0 2887:Wesley P. Walters 2826:(1997), pp. 214–6 2800:(2004), pp. 283–5 2644:978-0-7139-9869-6 2601: 2600: 2483: 2482: 2026:Quadragesimo anno 1913:Varvara Yakovleva 1842:Russian Civil War 1714:Russian Orthodoxy 1675:succession crisis 1628:, and contains a 1549:Latter Day Saints 1539:Latter-day Saints 1519:Dispensationalism 1497:Concordat of 1801 1466:National Assembly 1462:French Revolution 1456:French Revolution 1428:Holiness movement 1328:Congregationalist 1314:Christian revival 1259:Portuguese Empire 1106:Church of England 992:("novice boys"). 802:French Revolution 740: 739: 593: 592: 566:Latter Day Saints 551:Iglesia ni Cristo 516:United Protestant 501:Plymouth Brethren 436:Oriental Orthodox 16:(Redirected from 6892: 6723:Great Divergence 6638:Age of Discovery 6583:Late Middle Ages 6553:High Middle Ages 6464:Byzantine Empire 6447:Christianization 6437:Migration Period 6372:Classical Greece 6344:Neolithic Europe 6316: 6309: 6302: 6293: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6268: 6112:Environmentalism 6062:Church buildings 5964: 5779:Eastern Orthodox 5774:Eastern Catholic 5686: 5685: 5653:Eastern Catholic 5631:Eastern Orthodox 5519: 5440:Age of Discovery 5425:East–West Schism 5323:Great Commission 5254: 5106: 5099: 5092: 5083: 4498: 3885:Non-Chalcedonian 3866:Constantinople I 3658:General epistles 3653:Pauline epistles 3633:Paul the Apostle 3611:Great Commission 3429: 3422: 3415: 3406: 3358: 3350: 3306: 3296: 3277: 3258: 3239: 3227: 3208: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3182: 3167: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3082:Ostling, Richard 3079: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3041: 3035: 3025: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2990: 2984: 2957: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2880: 2874: 2865:(comp.) (1989). 2856: 2850: 2847: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2794: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2677: 2671: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2625:(1st ed.). 2613: 2460: 2459: 2446: 2415:Christianization 2388: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2355: 2354: 2161:Eastern Churches 2116: 2115: 2021:ideal politician 2001:G. K. Chesterton 1881:mental hospitals 1751:Churches of the 1655:Nauvoo, Illinois 1651:their own church 1646:Nauvoo Expositor 1607:Church of Christ 1591:John the Baptist 1584:Church of Christ 1572:Joseph Smith Jr. 1559:Joseph Smith Jr. 1192:economic freedom 1094:Puritan movement 1067:Puritan movement 795: 794: 1517–1525 792: 748:312 Azusa Street 732: 725: 718: 701: 546:Christadelphians 476:Free Evangelical 429:Eastern Orthodox 386: 337:East–West Schism 69: 46: 21: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6797: 6763:Interwar period 6738:Napoleonic Wars 6602: 6573:Mongol invasion 6526:Crown of Aragon 6418: 6358: 6354:Iron Age Europe 6325: 6320: 6290: 6285: 6263: 6251: 6205: 6160: 6078: 5959: 5953: 5908: 5833:One true church 5689: 5657: 5617: 5506: 5494: 5444: 5401: 5346: 5273:in Christianity 5259: 5245: 5239: 5231: 5190: 5166: 5158: 5115: 5110: 5080: 5075: 5025: 5012:Christian right 4914:Oxford Movement 4889:Restorationists 4860: 4775: 4708: 4643: 4594:Presbyterianism 4565: 4545:Book of Concord 4496: 4420: 4418: 4410: 4177: 4067: 4060: 3896: 3795: 3787: 3746:Clement of Rome 3676: 3669: 3573: 3567: 3456: 3438: 3433: 3403: 3344: 3303: 3293: 3280: 3274: 3261: 3255: 3242: 3236: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3189: 3185: 3173:. Vienna 2017, 3168: 3164: 3152:. Vienna 2018, 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3080: 3073: 3064: 3062: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2991: 2987: 2977:E. M. Skliansky 2958: 2954: 2945: 2941: 2930: 2923: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2897: 2881: 2877: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2742: 2738: 2734:Lortz, IV, 7–11 2733: 2729: 2722: 2718: 2709:Wayback Machine 2700: 2696: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2665:Adherents.com, 2664: 2660: 2645: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2453: 2444: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2329:Pope John XXIII 2325: 2319: 2314: 2266: 2260: 2230: 2224: 2219: 2210: 2133: 2127: 2102: 2096: 2035: 1992: 1987: 1981: 1972: 1942:was one of the 1940:Pavel Florensky 1830: 1824: 1784:Ober-Procurator 1780:Most Holy Synod 1745: 1716: 1568: 1551: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1485:First Coalition 1458: 1452: 1366: 1354:Main articles: 1352: 1324:Great Awakening 1316: 1310: 1305: 1291: 1221:to convert the 1211: 1184:King of England 1087:Elizabethan Age 1075: 1069: 1041: 1023: 1018: 1008: 1000:Main articles: 998: 980:Ottoman Turkish 954: 941: 841: 835: 830: 793: 746:The mission at 736: 673: 672: 643:Other religions 603: 595: 594: 383: 382: 362: 361: 282: 281: 261: 260: 194: 184: 183: 144: 143: 125: 124: 90: 89: 44: 37: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6898: 6896: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6867: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6713:Russian Empire 6710: 6705: 6703:British Empire 6700: 6698:Dutch Republic 6695: 6693:Swedish Empire 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6673:Spanish Empire 6670: 6665: 6663:Ottoman Empire 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6623: 6618: 6612: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6578:Serbian Empire 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6414:Late antiquity 6411: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6377:Roman Republic 6374: 6368: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6296: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6273: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6129: 6124: 6122:Fundamentalism 6119: 6117:Existentialism 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6008:God the Father 6005: 6000: 5995: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5972: 5970: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5828:Body of Christ 5825: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5730: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5703: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5663:Restorationist 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5627: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5372: 5367: 5365:Late antiquity 5362: 5356: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5335:Church fathers 5332: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5264: 5262: 5251: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5009: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4977:Pentecostalism 4974: 4972:Jesus movement 4969: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4870: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4763:Martyrs Mirror 4759: 4754: 4749: 4747:Martyrs' Synod 4744: 4739: 4737:Swiss Brethren 4734: 4729: 4724: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4506: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4482:Law and Gospel 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4163:Ottoman Empire 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3906: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3892:Biblical canon 3889: 3888: 3887: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3803: 3801: 3793:Late antiquity 3789: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3741:Church Fathers 3734: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3681: 3679: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3371: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3342: 3336: 3327: 3318: 3304: 3302: 3301:External links 3299: 3298: 3297: 3291: 3278: 3272: 3259: 3253: 3240: 3234: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3200: 3183: 3162: 3141: 3132: 3123: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3071: 3036: 3017: 3005: 2985: 2952: 2939: 2921: 2908: 2895: 2875: 2863:Dean C. Jessee 2851: 2842: 2828: 2815: 2813:(1999), p. 176 2802: 2784: 2771: 2758: 2749: 2736: 2727: 2716: 2694: 2682:"Christianity" 2672: 2658: 2643: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2456: 2455: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2375: 2372:History portal 2361: 2345: 2342: 2321:Main article: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2294:Sola Scriptura 2262:Main article: 2259: 2258:Fundamentalism 2256: 2226:Main article: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2181:Fourth Crusade 2129:Main article: 2126: 2123: 2098:Main article: 2095: 2092: 2071:Heinrich Maier 2034: 2031: 1991: 1988: 1980: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1871:being sent to 1846:White movement 1823: 1820: 1764:Russian Empire 1753:Moscow Kremlin 1744: 1741: 1715: 1712: 1618:Book of Mormon 1576:Oliver Cowdery 1564:Main article: 1550: 1547: 1530:Restorationism 1511:Main article: 1508: 1507:Restorationism 1505: 1454:Main article: 1451: 1448: 1436:Pentecostalism 1403:Dutch Reformed 1395:Congregational 1351: 1348: 1344:Restorationist 1312:Main article: 1309: 1306: 1290: 1287: 1263:Spanish Empire 1210: 1207: 1143:Nonconformists 1068: 1065: 1055:above divine 1022: 1019: 997: 994: 990:acemi oglanlar 953: 950: 940: 937: 845:Ottoman Empire 834: 831: 829: 826: 764:Pentecostalism 738: 737: 735: 734: 727: 720: 712: 709: 708: 707: 706: 694: 693: 688: 683: 675: 674: 671: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 604: 602:Related topics 601: 600: 597: 596: 591: 590: 589: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 540: 539: 537:Restorationist 533: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 446: 439: 432: 425: 420: 415: 414: 413: 408: 393: 392: 384: 381: 380: 375: 369: 368: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 312:Church Fathers 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 283: 280: 279: 274: 268: 267: 266: 263: 262: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 222: 221: 216: 211: 201: 195: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 145: 142: 141: 138: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 91: 88: 87: 82: 76: 75: 74: 71: 70: 62: 61: 55: 54: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6897: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6809:Art of Europe 6807: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6608:Modern period 6605: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6312: 6310: 6305: 6303: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6282: 6274: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6057:Popular piety 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5838:People of God 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5684: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5505: 5504:Denominations 5501: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5473:Enlightenment 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5186:New Testament 5184: 5182: 5181:Old Testament 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5066:Protestantism 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4939:Azusa Revival 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4919:Laestadianism 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4856:Old Lutherans 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4522:Diet of Worms 4520: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4422:Protestantism 4417: 4413: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4173:North America 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3783:Early African 3781: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3766:Justin Martyr 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3586:Life of Jesus 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574:Apostolic Age 3570: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3294: 3292:0-8499-3861-9 3288: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3273:0-06-064953-4 3269: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3254:0-8028-4875-3 3250: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3235:0-06-063316-6 3231: 3226: 3225: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3196:3-8258-7549-0 3193: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033:0-88141-180-9 3030: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2994:George Calciu 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:9986-757-41-X 2966: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796:Bokenkotter, 2793: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2782:(1908), p. 25 2781: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2636: 2635:Penguin Books 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2476: 2474:Christianity 2471: 2469: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2435:Protestantism 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2376: 2373: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2304:, the bodily 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2273:Protestantism 2271: 2265: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:Scholasticism 2166: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2144:Pope Leo XIII 2140: 2138: 2132: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2064:Pope Pius XII 2061: 2060:the Holocaust 2057: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2017:this conflict 2014: 2011:side, due to 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1986: 1978: 1976: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885:state atheism 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1791:russification 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724:autocephalous 1721: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1687:Sidney Rigdon 1684: 1680: 1679:Brigham Young 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649:, and formed 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622:Golden Plates 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1502: 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874: 872: 868: 862: 860: 856: 855: 850: 846: 840: 832: 827: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 785: 781: 777: 774:concerns the 773: 765: 761: 760:United States 757: 753: 749: 744: 733: 728: 726: 721: 719: 714: 713: 711: 710: 705: 700: 696: 695: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 599: 598: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 542: 541: 538: 534: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 452: 451: 447: 445: 444: 440: 438: 437: 433: 431: 430: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 402: 401: 397: 396: 395: 394: 391: 387: 379: 376: 374: 373:Denominations 371: 370: 366: 365: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 265: 264: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 193: 188: 187: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 154:New Testament 152: 150: 149:Old Testament 147: 146: 139: 137: 134: 133: 129: 128: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 73: 72: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 52: 48: 47: 42: 36: 32: 27: 19: 6768:World War II 6625: 6621:Early modern 6598:Kalmar Union 6469:Papal States 6387:Roman Empire 6181: 5976:Architecture 5870:Confirmation 5818:Ecclesiology 5749:Original sin 5739:Nicene Creed 5536:Old Catholic 5449: 5420:Papal States 5352:Great Church 5318:Resurrection 5260:Christianity 5217:New Covenant 5168:(Scriptures) 5113:Christianity 4982:Charismatics 4965: 4944:Gospel music 4874:Camp meeting 4866:1789–present 4865: 4798:Missionaries 4784: 4768: 4761: 4752:Menno Simons 4696: 4692:Church music 4543: 4514: 4399:Conciliarism 4384:Papal Schism 4226:Scandinavian 4118:Great Schism 4096:Nestorianism 4068:Christianity 4000:priest holes 3881:Chalcedonian 3844:Christianity 3798:Great Church 3606:Resurrection 3396: 3363: 3352: 3330: 3321: 3309: 3282: 3263: 3244: 3223: 3203: 3186: 3170: 3165: 3149: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3089: 3063:. 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1093: 1091: 1076: 1063:based on it 1042: 989: 983: 975: 955: 942: 918: 898:Hagia Sophia 875: 863: 852: 842: 771: 769: 608:Civilization 448: 441: 434: 427: 418:Old Catholic 398: 256:Universalism 179:New Covenant 115:Resurrection 59:Christianity 26: 6753:World War I 6743:Nationalism 6631:Reformation 6616:Renaissance 6588:Black Death 6521:Kievan Rus' 6424:Middle Ages 6237:Persecution 6172:Christendom 6165:Cooperation 6102:Charismatic 6013:Holy Spirit 5922:Natural law 5885:Holy orders 5734:Christology 5727:Holy Spirit 5596:Pentecostal 5576:Evangelical 5571:Charismatic 5415:Monasticism 5407:Middle Ages 5370:Constantine 5313:Crucifixion 5195:Foundations 5071:Catholicism 5008:Protestants 5002:Evangelical 4677:39 Articles 4672:Elizabethan 4649:Anglicanism 4629:Westminster 4539:Melanchthon 4502:Lutheranism 4467:Nicodemites 4445:Arminianism 4416:Reformation 4357:Bonaventure 4332:Inquisition 4327:Waldensians 4277:Investiture 4255:Kievan Rus' 4211:Anglo-Saxon 4191:Pelagianism 4183:Middle Ages 4106:Iconodulism 3981:Thomas More 3902:Catholicism 3824:Monasticism 3807:Constantine 3732:Persecution 3690:Adoptionism 3675:Ante-Nicene 3618:Holy Spirit 3601:Crucifixion 3572:Origins and 3473:2nd and 3rd 2981:bourgeoisie 2468:Reformation 2335:, the 21st 2331:opened the 2079:Tiger tanks 2075:V-2 rockets 2044:declared – 1964:New-martyrs 1944:New-martyrs 1795:anti-Jewish 1637:William Law 1346:movements. 1235:Franciscans 1169:New England 972:Janissaries 906:Islamic law 867:Reformation 752:Los Angeles 496:Pentecostal 378:(full list) 352:Reformation 317:Constantine 236:Christology 226:Apologetics 219:Holy Spirit 140:Foundations 110:Crucifixion 6869:Categories 6516:Viking Age 6331:Prehistory 6151:Prosperity 6127:Liberation 6067:Cathedrals 6052:Pilgrimage 6037:Literature 5914:Philosophy 5850:Sacraments 5823:Four marks 5784:Protestant 5759:Born again 5556:Anabaptist 5546:Protestant 5488:Influences 5450:Modern era 5154:By country 4793:Revivalism 4714:Anabaptism 4662:Henry VIII 4487:Literature 4111:Iconoclasm 4091:Chrysostom 4044:Vatican II 4010:Jansenists 3996:Mass rocks 3932:Lateran IV 3851:Athanasius 3771:Tertullian 3715:Marcionism 3710:Gnosticism 3663:Revelation 3581:Background 3198:, p 76–85. 3065:2023-08-08 2653:2009379999 1983:See also: 1838:White Army 1826:See also: 1816:Bolsheviks 1732:Third Rome 1626:the ground 1624:buried in 1517:See also: 1338:, and new 1293:See also: 1283:Portuguese 1239:Dominicans 1139:Dissenters 1118:idolatrous 1092:The early 1071:See also: 1057:revelation 1033:See also: 1010:See also: 957:Devshirmeh 952:Devshirmeh 939:Corruption 921:Dhimmitude 837:See also: 756:California 556:Irvingians 521:Waldensian 461:Anabaptist 450:Protestant 29:See also: 6563:Feudalism 6534:Catalonia 6227:Criticism 6177:Ecumenism 6141:Mysticism 6107:Democracy 6097:Anarchism 6084:Movements 6047:Mythology 6025:Catechism 6020:Education 5937:Evolution 5860:Eucharist 5843:Canon law 5801:Theotokos 5796:Mariology 5754:Salvation 5744:Tradition 5591:Methodist 5551:Adventist 5385:Chalcedon 4959:Ecumenism 4909:Adventism 4899:Mormonism 4835:Millerism 4830:Methodism 4785:1640–1789 4687:Civil War 4634:Orthodoxy 4589:Huguenots 4571:Calvinism 4556:Eucharist 4551:Orthodoxy 4435:Eucharist 4367:Five Ways 4317:Dulcinian 4270:Pomerania 4196:Gregory I 4040:Vatican I 4030:Modernism 4015:Molinists 4005:Guadalupe 3876:Chalcedon 3871:Ephesus I 3861:Augustine 3737:Apostolic 3720:Montanism 3685:Diversity 3461:Centuries 3379:Theandros 3214:Resources 3060:0190-8286 2975:wrote to 2934:, by the 2873::302–303. 2809:Collins, 2286:inerrancy 2277:modernism 2244:dialectic 2240:political 2204:in 1999. 2177:Hesychasm 2119:oikoumene 2114:οἰκουμένη 2106:Ecumenism 2100:Ecumenism 2094:Ecumenism 1919:, in the 1917:Jerusalem 1867:included 1865:execution 1836:with the 1659:Expositor 1635:In 1844, 1535:restoring 1424:Adventism 1411:Methodist 1387:Methodism 1340:Methodist 1320:Calvinist 1102:Calvinist 961:Christian 946:Gregory V 902:Parthenon 750:in 1907, 663:Symbolism 623:Ecumenism 613:Criticism 491:Moravian 486:Methodist 456:Adventist 327:Augustine 277:Tradition 251:Salvation 120:Ascension 6802:See also 6773:Cold War 6568:Crusades 6538:Valencia 6281:Category 6146:Pacifism 5960:features 5944:Politics 5897:Ablution 5865:Marriage 5769:Catholic 5699:Theology 5606:Reformed 5586:Lutheran 5581:Holiness 5561:Anglican 5531:Catholic 5435:Crusades 5380:Nicaea I 5330:Apostles 5303:Miracles 5298:Parables 5288:Ministry 5278:Nativity 5242:timeline 5139:Prophets 5134:Glossary 5051:Theology 5039:Missions 5034:Timeline 5006:Mainline 4954:Pacifism 4803:Baptists 4722:Theology 4682:Puritans 4657:Timeline 4599:Scotland 4527:Theology 4374:Wycliffe 4322:Crusades 4297:Bogomils 4250:Bulgaria 4206:Germanic 4158:Ethiopia 4056:Timeline 3834:Nicaea I 3829:Councils 3761:Irenaeus 3756:Ignatius 3751:Polycarp 3705:Donatism 3700:Docetism 3695:Arianism 3596:Ministry 2889:(1994). 2778:Edward, 2705:Archived 2631:New York 2619:(2009). 2344:See also 2270:American 2189:Uniatism 2175:of God, 2165:Filioque 2009:Franco's 1960:samizdat 1809:peasants 1641:polygamy 1426:and the 1256:Catholic 1219:Missions 1203:Puritans 1161:pilgrims 1147:Reformed 1098:Reformed 976:devşirme 927:and the 914:ethnarch 900:and the 876:The new 812:and the 681:Glossary 628:Glossary 511:Reformed 481:Lutheran 466:Anglican 400:Catholic 342:Crusades 332:Ignatius 322:Councils 287:Apostles 192:Theology 105:Ministry 95:Nativity 51:a series 49:Part of 6643:Baroque 6542:Majorca 6454:Francia 6210:Related 6003:Trinity 5968:Culture 5932:Science 5902:Hygiene 5892:Mission 5875:Penance 5855:Baptism 5791:Worship 5764:Liturgy 5712:Trinity 5623:Eastern 5601:Quakers 5566:Baptist 5523:Western 5513:members 5283:Baptism 5237:History 5227:Worship 5129:Outline 5044:Martyrs 4840:Pietism 4770:Ausbund 4742:Müntzer 4667:Cranmer 4614:Baptism 4579:Zwingli 4430:Erasmus 4379:Avignon 4362:Aquinas 4352:Francis 4347:Dominic 4307:Cathars 4302:Bosnian 4292:Bernard 4287:Abelard 4260:Moravia 4245:Bohemia 4231:Iceland 4153:Serbian 4133:Georgia 4128:Armenia 4066:Eastern 3967:Jesuits 3643:Gospels 3591:Baptism 2822:Duffy, 2288:of the 2237:leftist 2173:essence 2058:during 2013:Azaña's 2005:neutral 1990:Fascism 1869:torture 1840:in the 1807:on the 1798:pogroms 1774:by the 1757:Balchug 1736:Peter I 1683:Apostle 1493:Valence 1407:Baptist 1391:England 1379:Germany 1375:Pietism 1336:Baptist 1279:Spanish 1227:Jesuits 1157:America 1083:Puritan 985:ghilmán 968:sultans 965:Ottoman 691:Outline 668:Worship 648:Outline 638:Liturgy 618:Culture 471:Baptist 411:Eastern 347:Aquinas 272:History 246:Mission 231:Baptism 204:Trinity 100:Baptism 6530:Aragon 6509:Amalfi 6494:Venice 6482:Second 5927:Ethics 5808:Saints 5717:Father 5636:Church 5248:spread 5212:Gospel 5202:Church 5144:People 4732:Grebel 4584:Calvin 4510:Luther 4404:Synods 4282:Anselm 4265:Poland 4221:Gothic 4216:Franks 4201:Celtic 4168:Russia 4148:Syriac 4138:Greece 4025:Teresa 3972:Xavier 3910:Papacy 3856:Jerome 3776:Origen 3677:period 3452:Spread 3397: 3289: 3270: 3251: 3232: 3194: 3177: 3156: 3058: 3031: 3000: 2967: 2651: 2641: 2627:London 2472:Modern 2296:, the 2033:Nazism 2007:or on 1728:Moscow 1720:Russia 1699:schism 1588:angels 1470:Reason 1430:. The 1418:, the 1409:, and 1385:, and 1381:, the 1362:, and 1301:, and 1271:Aztecs 1247:Jesuit 1122:popish 1114:Geneva 1061:papacy 1053:reason 925:Sultan 910:millet 896:. 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