41:
1825:
Nance." In the 1830 federal census, Nancy is surprisingly listed as a "free colored female". No extant
Windsor records prove Nancy's freedom as it is categorized in the federal census; therefore, it is possible that the Loomis family began labeling Nancy as a free person without actually granting her freedom. The 1850 US Census, the first to name residents other than the head of household, listed Nancy, a 72-year-old free black woman, residing with James and Abigail Loomis.
1824:
Nancy was baptized on
November 27, 1774, probably as an infant, in Christ's Church. Abigail Sherwood Chaffee Loomis inherited Nancy from Dr. Chaffee Jr. after his death in 1821. His will, dated 1818, specifically bequeathed "to my Daughter Abigail S. Loomis, wife of Col. James Loomis...my negro slave
1837:
According to U.S. census data there were 2,764 slaves in
Connecticut as of 1790, a little over 1% of the population at the time. This declined during the early part of the 19th century, with the census indicating numbers (percentages) reported as slaves in the State of 951 (.34%) in 1800, 97 (.04%)
1833:
According to Anne Farrow, Joel Lang, and
Jenifer Frank, "In 1790 most prosperous merchants in Connecticut owned at least one slave, as did 50 percent of the ministers. ...Our economic links to slavery were deeply entwined with our religious, political, and educational institutions. Slavery was part
1779:
of slaves in 1784, through the passage by the state legislature of the "Gradual
Abolition Act" of that year. Through this "freeing the womb" act, all slaves born after March 1, 1784, would become free upon attaining the age of 25 for men and 21 for women, though it did not free the parents, or any
1539:
1802:
did not pass it until it was reintroduced in 1848 as "An Act to
Prevent Slavery". The last person held as a slave in Connecticut, Nancy Toney of Windsor, died in December 1857; she had been considered a free woman since 1830 or earlier.
2628:
1762:
provides some information about the life of northern slavery in
Connecticut. Another early confirmed account of slavery in the English colony came in 1638 when several native prisoners were taken during the
2255:
2958:
2963:
2953:
1660:
1775:
Connecticut blocked the importation of slaves in 1774, via the passage in the state legislature of the "Act for
Prohibiting the Importation of Indian, Negro or Molatto Slaves" and began a
2906:
2901:
2745:
2688:
1524:
1055:
2248:
2598:
1409:
781:
518:
2583:
1145:
786:
2750:
2613:
2877:
2841:
2676:
2241:
478:
2666:
3140:
2993:
2983:
833:
1968:
3135:
3053:
2633:
1379:
2643:
2618:
1529:
3098:
2821:
860:
2811:
2539:
2323:
2031:
1606:
358:
3145:
808:
2775:
1579:
1399:
572:
2683:
2603:
1737:
3150:
843:
261:
3093:
3043:
2856:
2073:
2010:
1421:
1098:
870:
3003:
2846:
2473:
2438:
1776:
1613:
1574:
1217:
3048:
2998:
2988:
2693:
2513:
2418:
2378:
1655:
1292:
952:
803:
599:
508:
2926:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2443:
1675:
1369:
1123:
3038:
2755:
2718:
2393:
2131:
1919:
1852:
1497:
1374:
798:
567:
434:
1344:
40:
2671:
2698:
2608:
2428:
2423:
2298:
1628:
838:
823:
769:
454:
444:
439:
268:
124:
3058:
2518:
2483:
2388:
2363:
1623:
1394:
200:
2508:
1534:
2703:
2503:
2453:
2433:
2408:
2398:
2383:
2373:
2358:
2338:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2147:
1093:
1081:
661:
473:
119:
2911:
2790:
2785:
2498:
2403:
2343:
2318:
2288:
2278:
1665:
1448:
309:
3063:
2916:
2661:
2638:
2623:
2575:
2558:
2353:
2283:
2264:
1799:
1789:
1670:
1514:
1384:
1045:
813:
793:
353:
321:
2941:
2488:
1730:
1680:
1404:
1322:
449:
230:
50:
3108:
2728:
3015:
2946:
2936:
2882:
2851:
2816:
2780:
2523:
2493:
2448:
2348:
1589:
1441:
1426:
1317:
513:
183:
2458:
2413:
2328:
3068:
2921:
2368:
2333:
2065:
2002:
1685:
1584:
1115:
1103:
693:
666:
171:
2862:
2164:
1465:
1334:
887:
676:
161:
62:
2060:. In Normen, Elizabeth J.; Harris, Katherine J.; Close, Stacey K.; Mitchell, Wm. Frank; White, Olivia (eds.).
1997:. In Normen, Elizabeth J.; Harris, Katherine J.; Close, Stacey K.; Mitchell, Wm. Frank; White, Olivia (eds.).
341:
2888:
2831:
1767:
were exchanged in the West Indies for
African slaves. Such exchanges become common in subsequent conflicts.
1650:
1389:
1339:
1267:
1040:
818:
762:
745:
176:
2181:
938:
2931:
2895:
2553:
1723:
1692:
1197:
850:
698:
422:
388:
383:
2836:
2826:
2740:
2593:
2198:
1943:
1795:
1559:
1414:
1327:
1312:
994:
982:
728:
713:
498:
273:
195:
2220:
2225:. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, 11th series, 9–10. Baltimore:
3088:
2723:
2588:
1867:
1697:
1601:
1564:
1492:
1436:
1305:
1262:
1076:
1006:
681:
461:
363:
247:
154:
3083:
2226:
2093:
1185:
1165:
1050:
1035:
904:
875:
865:
755:
703:
671:
468:
326:
294:
289:
242:
99:
3078:
3030:
1431:
1277:
1252:
1242:
1207:
1202:
1170:
1135:
1128:
1069:
1062:
919:
738:
733:
723:
493:
346:
304:
299:
252:
220:
210:
147:
3103:
368:
314:
2127:
2069:
2006:
1915:
1877:
1519:
1237:
1232:
1175:
1160:
1140:
962:
957:
892:
855:
688:
654:
483:
336:
225:
104:
2708:
2533:
2123:
1847:
1813:
1709:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1247:
1212:
1180:
1150:
1023:
1011:
989:
967:
914:
750:
718:
20:
2867:
2795:
2733:
1618:
1509:
1504:
1257:
1227:
1222:
945:
909:
708:
626:
331:
77:
1871:
1751:
1702:
1596:
488:
166:
129:
87:
3129:
3020:
2770:
2713:
1759:
1640:
1569:
1016:
999:
774:
604:
594:
378:
28:
2079:
2016:
1645:
1482:
1458:
1364:
1357:
1088:
616:
589:
552:
530:
417:
134:
114:
92:
82:
72:
67:
57:
897:
1909:
2872:
2765:
2760:
1862:
1755:
1487:
1475:
828:
631:
621:
579:
393:
2233:
3073:
3009:
1888:
1857:
1808:
1764:
1635:
932:
636:
503:
1882:
880:
545:
407:
562:
1470:
1028:
972:
924:
584:
429:
284:
190:
2120:
Complicity: How the North promoted, prolonged, and profited from slavery
2057:
1994:
1453:
535:
215:
32:
1155:
977:
557:
540:
402:
237:
205:
1816:
in 1839 because at the time slavery was still legal in
Connecticut.
2030:
Dutton, Henry; Waldo, Loren Pinckney; Booth, David Belden (1866).
412:
398:
373:
1969:"Slavery in Connecticut, ended only in 1848, had a long history"
279:
109:
2237:
2629:
Slave labor on United States military installations 1799–1863
1948:. Vol. 14. Hartford: Brown & Parsons. p. 329
2599:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
1410:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3029:
2972:
2804:
2652:
2574:
2567:
2546:
2532:
2271:
2614:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
2118:Farrow, Anne; Lang, Joel; Frank, Jenifer (2005).
1820:Nancy Toney of Windsor (1774 – December 19, 1857)
2878:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade
1525:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
2667:Slavery as a positive good in the United States
1945:The public records of the Colony of Connecticut
2634:Slavery at American colleges and universities
2249:
1798:proposed legislation to end slavery, but the
1731:
8:
2619:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States
2098:Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project
1812:into Connecticut as opposed to the state of
1530:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
3099:Family reunification ads after emancipation
2058:"Colonization and Abolition in Connecticut"
1995:"Colonization and Abolition in Connecticut"
2812:Slavery and the United States Constitution
2571:
2256:
2242:
2234:
1738:
1724:
15:
1914:. Syracuse: University Press. p. 6.
1771:Legal history of abolition in Connecticut
2902:Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution
1834:of the social contract in Connecticut."
1535:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1400:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1380:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
2604:Indentured servitude in British America
1900:
27:
3141:Slavery in the United States by state
3044:Slavery during the American Civil War
2857:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
2062:African American Connecticut Explored
1999:African American Connecticut Explored
1422:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1099:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
3136:Pre-statehood history of Connecticut
1806:Lieutenant Thomas R. Gedney steered
1614:Slave marriages in the United States
1218:Human trafficking in the Middle East
3049:End of slavery in the United States
2094:"Nancy Toney's Lifetime in Slavery"
953:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
2927:John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
1607:last survivors of American slavery
14:
3094:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
3039:Origins of the American Civil War
2746:African American founding fathers
2689:Education during the slave period
2222:History of slavery in Connecticut
1853:Canterbury Female Boarding School
1758:is unknown, but the narrative of
568:Field slaves in the United States
435:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
3146:History of racism in Connecticut
2842:History of slavery by U.S. state
2609:Slave trade in the United States
1838:in 1820 and 25 (.008%) by 1830.
445:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
440:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
269:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
39:
1395:Committee of Experts on Slavery
946:East, Southeast, and South Asia
2704:List of American slave traders
2584:Slavery among Native Americans
1094:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
3151:Slavery in the British Empire
2912:George Washington and slavery
2791:American Colonization Society
2786:African-American slave owners
2056:Harris, Katherine J. (2014).
1993:Harris, Katherine J. (2014).
1967:Ed Stannard (June 19, 2020).
2917:Thomas Jefferson and slavery
2662:American proslavery movement
2624:Slave states and free states
2265:Slavery in the United States
2219:Steiner, Bernard C. (1883).
1790:United States v. The Amistad
1750:The exact date of the first
1385:Temporary Slavery Commission
1046:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
2942:Abraham Lincoln and slavery
2032:"An Act to Prevent Slavery"
1942:Hoadly, Charles J. (1850).
1405:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
450:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
3167:
3016:Children of the plantation
2947:Andrew Johnson and slavery
2937:Zachary Taylor and slavery
2883:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
2852:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
2817:American slave court cases
2781:Amerindian slave ownership
1911:Black Bondage in the North
1908:McManus, Edgar J. (2001).
1787:
1590:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1427:Anti-Slavery International
1192:North Africa and West Asia
3069:Emancipation Proclamation
2994:Sexual relations and rape
2922:James Madison and slavery
2066:Wesleyan University Press
2003:Wesleyan University Press
1686:Emancipation Proclamation
1358:Opposition and resistance
1116:Sex trafficking in Europe
1104:Blackbirding in Polynesia
667:Trans-Saharan slave trade
3054:Compensated emancipation
1466:Compensated emancipation
677:Indian Ocean slave trade
2889:Partus sequitur ventrem
2832:Three-fifths Compromise
1390:1926 Slavery Convention
1146:Germany in World War II
763:North and South America
285:Contract of manumission
2964:Supreme Court Justices
2932:John Tyler and slavery
2907:Presidents and slavery
2896:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1784:1848 slavery abolition
871:British Virgin Islands
423:Circassian slave trade
389:Safavid imperial harem
384:Ottoman Imperial Harem
2837:Slave and free states
2827:Fugitive Slave Clause
2741:List of abolitionists
2594:Slavery in New France
1829:Prevalence of slavery
1796:Roger Sherman Baldwin
1110:Europe and North Asia
1070:Australia and Oceania
770:Pre-Columbian America
342:Slave raid of Suðuroy
274:Slavery in al-Andalus
196:Black Sea slave trade
125:21st-century jihadism
2863:Gag rule (1836–1840)
2724:Underground Railroad
2699:Domestic slave trade
2684:Mandatory illiteracy
2589:Slavery in New Spain
2540:District of Columbia
1973:The Middletown Press
1868:New Haven Excitement
1780:other adult slaves.
1777:gradual emancipation
1565:Indentured servitude
1493:Underground Railroad
1293:United Arab Emirates
682:Zanzibar slave trade
649:By country or region
462:Atlantic slave trade
364:Ma malakat aymanukum
248:Venetian slave trade
3084:Radical Republicans
3031:Civil War and after
2959:Members of Congress
2776:List of plantations
2559:U.S. Virgin Islands
2227:Johns Hopkins Press
1651:Slave Route Project
782:Americas indigenous
672:Red Sea slave trade
662:Contemporary Africa
525:Topics and practice
295:Crimean slave trade
290:Bukhara slave trade
243:Genoese slave trade
120:Contemporary Africa
100:Forced prostitution
3079:Reconstruction era
1794:In 1844, Governor
1432:Blockade of Africa
739:Somali slave trade
655:Sub-Saharan Africa
347:Turkish Abductions
305:Khivan slave trade
300:Khazar slave trade
253:Balkan slave trade
211:Prague slave trade
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3089:Freedmen's Bureau
2126:. p. xviii.
2075:978-0-8195-7398-8
2012:978-0-8195-7398-8
1878:Samuel Joseph May
1748:
1747:
1698:Freedmen's Bureau
1520:Third Servile War
1515:International law
1082:Human trafficking
844:Human trafficking
519:Thirteen colonies
337:Sack of Baltimore
105:Human trafficking
3158:
2805:Law and politics
2729:Freedmen's towns
2709:Runaway slave ad
2572:
2534:Federal district
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2230:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:"US Census 1830"
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:"US Census 1820"
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:"US Census 1800"
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:"US Census 1790"
2144:
2138:
2137:
2124:Ballantine Books
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1905:
1848:Andrew T. Judson
1800:General Assembly
1740:
1733:
1726:
1710:Emancipation Day
1543:
1510:Slave Trade Acts
201:Byzantine Empire
43:
16:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3104:Freedmen's town
3025:
3004:Slave marriages
2977:and procreation
2976:
2974:
2968:
2954:Vice presidents
2868:Nullifier Party
2847:Fugitive slaves
2800:
2796:Slave narrative
2734:Black Canadians
2654:
2648:
2563:
2542:
2528:
2267:
2262:
2218:
2215:
2213:Further reading
2210:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2076:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2013:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1844:
1831:
1822:
1792:
1786:
1773:
1744:
1715:
1714:
1619:Slave narrative
1575:Fugitive slaves
1555:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1505:Slave rebellion
1360:
1350:
1349:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1120:United Kingdom
1056:Yankee princess
650:
642:
641:
369:Avret Pazarları
315:Avret Pazarları
184:Medieval Europe
150:
140:
139:
78:Forced marriage
53:
12:
11:
5:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:Colored Troops
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2999:Slave breeding
2996:
2991:
2989:Female slavery
2986:
2984:Sexual slavery
2980:
2978:
2975:sexual slavery
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Slave quarters
2691:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2655:social history
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:South Carolina
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2439:North Carolina
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2190:
2173:
2156:
2139:
2132:
2110:
2085:
2074:
2068:. p. 64.
2048:
2022:
2011:
2005:. p. 67.
1985:
1959:
1934:
1920:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1872:Simeon Jocelyn
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1785:
1782:
1772:
1769:
1752:African slaves
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1597:List of slaves
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1141:Dutch Republic
1138:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
997:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
965:
960:
955:
949:
948:
942:
941:
936:
929:
928:
927:
922:
912:
907:
902:
901:
900:
890:
885:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
858:
853:
848:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
791:
790:
789:
779:
778:
777:
766:
765:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
742:
741:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
685:
684:
674:
669:
664:
658:
657:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
612:
608:
607:
602:
600:Child soldiers
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
576:
575:
565:
560:
555:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
527:
526:
522:
521:
516:
511:
509:Spanish Empire
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Middle Passage
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
464:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
351:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
319:
318:
317:
310:Ottoman Empire
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
271:
265:
264:
258:
257:
256:
255:
245:
240:
235:
234:
233:
228:
223:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
186:
180:
179:
174:
169:
164:
158:
157:
151:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
132:
130:Sexual slavery
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
96:
95:
90:
88:Child marriage
85:
75:
70:
65:
63:Child soldiers
60:
54:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3163:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3021:Shadow family
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Freedom suits
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Planter class
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Slave catcher
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:West Virginia
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:New Hampshire
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Massachusetts
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2133:9780345467836
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1923:
1921:0-8156-2893-5
1917:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:Venture Smith
1757:
1753:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:Slave catcher
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Forced labour
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:Abolitionists
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:comfort women
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:Chukri System
998:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
947:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
889:
888:Latin America
886:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:
839:interregional
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:prison labour
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:United States
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
652:
646:
645:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
605:White slavery
603:
601:
598:
596:
595:Slave raiding
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
564:
563:Corvée labour
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
532:
529:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
459:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Abbasid harem
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
352:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
322:Barbary Coast
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
259:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
144:
143:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
52:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:Forced labour
26:
22:
18:
17:
3008:
2894:
2887:
2756:Field slaves
2719:Abolitionism
2653:Cultural and
2644:Bibliography
2479:South Dakota
2469:Rhode Island
2464:Pennsylvania
2444:North Dakota
2308:
2221:
2193:
2176:
2159:
2142:
2122:. New York:
2119:
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2100:. 2020-01-19
2097:
2088:
2080:Project MUSE
2078:– via
2061:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2036:Google Books
2035:
2025:
2017:Project MUSE
2015:– via
1998:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1944:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1910:
1903:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1807:
1805:
1793:
1774:
1749:
1646:Slave patrol
1483:Freedom suit
1459:Sierra Leone
1449:Colonization
1365:Abolitionism
1345:Baháʼí Faith
1318:Christianity
1268:Saudi Arabia
1124:Penal Labour
1089:Blackbirding
995:Debt bondage
983:penal system
809:Contemporary
799:Field slaves
787:U.S. Natives
746:South Africa
617:Galley slave
590:Slave market
580:House slaves
553:Blackbirding
531:Conscription
455:21st century
418:Umm al-walad
262:Muslim world
231:Emancipation
135:Wage slavery
115:Penal labour
93:Wife selling
83:Bride buying
68:Conscription
58:Child Labour
51:Contemporary
2873:Fire-Eaters
2766:Task system
2761:Gang system
2751:Plantations
2554:Puerto Rico
2547:Territories
2394:Mississippi
2309:Connecticut
1863:Nero Hawley
1756:Connecticut
1661:court cases
1538: [
1488:Slave Power
1476:Manumission
1323:Catholicism
1198:Afghanistan
939:Puerto Rico
851:The Bahamas
829:Slave codes
632:Shanghaiing
622:Impressment
514:Slave Coast
394:Qajar harem
354:Concubinage
327:slave trade
3130:Categories
3074:Juneteenth
3059:Contraband
2509:Washington
2429:New Mexico
2424:New Jersey
2299:California
2104:2022-03-10
1978:October 1,
1895:References
1889:Titus Kent
1885:aka Old Ti
1858:James Mars
1809:La Amistad
1788:See also:
1765:Pequot War
1676:J.Q. Adams
1666:Washington
1636:Slave name
1585:convention
1560:Common law
933:Encomienda
729:Seychelles
714:Mauritania
637:Slave ship
504:Panyarring
499:New France
148:Historical
2973:Marriage,
2672:Treatment
2519:Wisconsin
2484:Tennessee
2389:Minnesota
2364:Louisiana
1883:Titus Gay
1671:Jefferson
1328:Mormonism
1263:Palestine
1077:Australia
1007:Indonesia
898:Lei Áurea
881:Code Noir
861:Caribbean
834:Treatment
573:Treatment
546:Devshirme
408:Odalisque
226:In Russia
167:Babylonia
155:Antiquity
2639:Glossary
2504:Virginia
2454:Oklahoma
2434:New York
2409:Nebraska
2399:Missouri
2384:Michigan
2374:Maryland
2359:Kentucky
2339:Illinois
2314:Delaware
2304:Colorado
2294:Arkansas
1842:See also
1814:New York
1703:Iron bit
1693:40 acres
1656:breeding
1471:Freedman
1306:Religion
1166:Portugal
1051:Thailand
1041:Maldives
1036:Malaysia
1029:Kwalliso
973:Booi Aha
925:Restavek
905:Colombia
876:Trinidad
866:Barbados
756:Zanzibar
704:Ethiopia
585:Saqaliba
479:Database
430:Saqaliba
191:Ancillae
21:a series
19:Part of
3010:Plaçage
2576:History
2524:Wyoming
2499:Vermont
2404:Montana
2344:Indiana
2324:Georgia
2319:Florida
2289:Arizona
2279:Alabama
2041:19 July
1952:20 July
1927:20 July
1681:Lincoln
1554:Related
1454:Liberia
1340:Judaism
1278:Tunisia
1253:Morocco
1243:Lebanon
1208:Bahrain
1203:Algeria
1171:Romania
1136:Denmark
1129:Slavery
1063:Vietnam
734:Somalia
724:Nigeria
699:Comoros
627:Pirates
536:Ghilman
469:Bristol
359:history
332:pirates
221:History
110:Peonage
33:slavery
2859:(1808)
2677:Health
2568:Topics
2459:Oregon
2414:Nevada
2354:Kansas
2329:Hawaii
2284:Alaska
2272:States
2130:
2072:
2009:
1918:
1602:owners
1238:Kuwait
1233:Jordan
1186:Sweden
1176:Russia
1161:Poland
1156:Norway
978:Laogai
963:Brunei
958:Bhutan
920:revolt
893:Brazil
856:Canada
819:partus
804:female
689:Angola
558:Coolie
541:Mamluk
494:Nantes
474:Brazil
403:Cariye
238:Thrall
206:Kholop
172:Greece
2489:Texas
2369:Maine
2334:Idaho
2202:(PDF)
2185:(PDF)
2168:(PDF)
2151:(PDF)
1629:songs
1624:films
1542:]
1498:songs
1335:Islam
1313:Bible
1288:Yemen
1283:Qatar
1273:Syria
1248:Libya
1213:Egypt
1181:Spain
1151:Malta
1024:Korea
1012:Japan
990:India
968:China
915:Haiti
775:Aztec
751:Sudan
719:Niger
611:Naval
484:Dutch
413:Qiyan
399:Jarya
374:Harem
216:Serfs
162:Egypt
3109:list
2494:Utah
2449:Ohio
2349:Iowa
2128:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2043:2019
2007:ISBN
1980:2020
1954:2020
1929:2020
1916:ISBN
1580:laws
1442:U.S.
1437:U.K.
1375:U.S.
1370:U.K.
1258:Oman
1228:Iraq
1223:Iran
910:Cuba
814:maps
709:Mali
694:Chad
280:Baqt
177:Rome
73:Debt
31:and
1754:in
3132::
2096:.
2064:.
2034:.
2001:.
1971:.
1540:fa
23:on
2257:e
2250:t
2243:v
2229:.
2204:.
2187:.
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2153:.
2136:.
2107:.
2082:.
2045:.
2019:.
1982:.
1956:.
1931:.
1874:)
1870:(
1739:e
1732:t
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