1023:. The novel doesn't start in Istanbul, or on the Orient Express. It opens on the platform at Aleppo, next to the two blue-and-gold Wagons-Lits sleeping cars of the Taurus Express bound for Istanbul. The Taurus Express was inaugurated in February 1930 by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, the same company that operated the Orient Express and Simplon Orient Express, as a means of extending their services beyond Istanbul to the East. It ran several times a week from Istanbul HaydarpaĆa station to Aleppo and Baghdad, with a weekly through sleeper to Tripoli in Lebanon. After World War II, the Wagons-Lits company gradually withdrew and operation of the Taurus Express was taken over by the Turkish, Syrian and Iraqi state railways. Up until the late 1980s, a twice-weekly Istanbul-Baghdad service was maintained, with weekly through seating cars from Istanbul to Aleppo. For political reasons, the through service to Baghdad was suspended and the main train curtailed at Gaziantep, but the weekly through seat cars Istanbul-Aleppo were maintained. In 2001, the Aleppo portion of the Toros Express was upgraded to a Syrian sleeping-car replacing the two basic Turkish seat cars.
754:
70:
1336:
113:
78:
101:
485:. Completion of the line to the coast did not improve matters, since the world market was trading at still lower prices and the premium once commanded by Hauran wheatâwhich, being hand-harvested, might include pebbles or weedsâwas now lost to machine-reaped grain from the United States. It was not until 1908 that export values again reached the levels of the 1880s. The railway itself was one of the best-managed in the Ottoman Empire: It had total receipts of $ 434,000 for 1900 and in 1906 received a guarantee from the government of
90:
509:
1348:
1360:
670:
164:
1261:
2817:
1325:
2827:
848:
30:
866:
2181:
921:
caused considerable damage to the rail network, however, and services gradually ceased. During the civil war, damage was caused by militias who blew up the tracks, Israeli army shelling and Syrian security forces digging up parts of the track to sell as scrap metal in
Pakistan. A 1974 article
532:
on 12 April 1904. Aley had grown with the railroad and functioned as a summer resort for the people of Beirut. Part of the locomotive exploded on the 7% incline east of town and, not thinking to apply the brakes, the train was allowed to fly back through the station. Two cars were completely
2164:
1382:, to show the feasibility of having trains running again. The project, with a budget of ÂŁ430,000, should take only a matter of months to complete, but as of 2014, Maalouf was still waiting for the green light from the Lebanese government.
1389:, a railway line connecting Beirut to Tripoli would cost $ 3 billion to build, while a freight railway from Tripoli to Homs would cost much less. However, efforts to revive Lebanon's railway system have been stymied by the
753:
1396:
In 2011, Dr. Maroun Kassab, an architect and assistant professor, proposed a coastal metro system that can capitalize on the existing lands owned by the ministry and that can run underground from Tyr to
Tripoli.
1370:
There have been a number of proposals for reviving the
Lebanese railway system, but as yet, none have come to fruition. One such planned revival is being led by Elias Maalouf, founder of the Lebanese
2240:
160:
farmers. The
Ottoman response to the insurrection included a number of railway concessionsâquickly sold to foreign interestsâto improve the development and centralized control of the region.
415:
began in July 1894 (in time for that year's harvest) and to Beirut on 3 August 1895. The trip from the coast to
Damascus initially took 9 hours and terminated at three different stations:
230:. In the event, the Jaffa line was never extended towards Damascus and the Haifa line ran out of money having completed just 8 km (5.0 mi) or 21 mi (34 km) of track.
481:
traders had thought the Beirut railway would allow them to export their grain more cheaply; instead, as early as the 1894 harvest, the rail flooded the market, collapsing prices and
439:
opened in 1906. The HRR was built to a 1.05-meter gauge to match the BeirutâDamascus
Railway and absorbed both the former British concession and the DHP's line south from Damascus.)
2782:
766:
1464:, which lost its 1890 concession a year later after having failed to construct any track and ultimately was nationalized by the Ottomans in 1900 along with the British
2136:
489:
4320 per mile on the 200-mile Aleppo
Railway All the same, the company was never very profitable: it was at perpetual risk of bankruptcy; shares traded at 550
1517:
1951:
2792:
1570:(1915), "The Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine: Resumé of Conditions before the War; Well Managed Lines of Syria Compared with Run-down Hedjaz Railway",
1035:
DMU-5 DH (Diesel-hydraulic): Multiple units from
Hyundai Rotem, Korea for Aleppo-Damascus/Latakia long-distance services. 222-second class, 61 first class.
215:
2706:
73:
Laying the last rail of the BeirutâDamascus line on 25 June 1895. By this time, the railway had become known as the
DamascusâHama and Extensions (DHP).
735:
717:
674:
2227:
2731:
2365:
2344:
69:
52:. The last remaining routes ended for economic reasons in the 1990s. At its peak Lebanon had about 408 kilometres (254 mi) of railway.
2456:
949:
class SP45 for this line continued to be run once a month at the Furn el
Shebbak stockyards as late as 2002, but service was not resumed.
2541:
2280:
2851:
2787:
1419:
653:
seized control of all foreign-owned railways in the country, including the DHP. The entire Hauran line was disassembled to extend the
2210:
2746:
2651:
2394:
701:
2856:
2103:
462:
2751:
2701:
2666:
2621:
858:
812:
587:. By 1898, it had only laid 19 km (12 mi) of track and the DHP's concession was emended to permit a branch line to
1955:
1335:
712:. Competition between the French port at Beirut and the British one at Haifa led to tariff wars and, in 1921, land swaps in
2591:
2586:
2481:
1461:
1371:
2711:
2686:
2601:
2581:
2531:
2501:
2491:
1011:
926:
power, uncompetitive and loss making. The line between Beirut and Damascus was closed in 1976. Commuter service between
832:
757:
Australian Army Engineers, African Auxiliary Pioneer Corps NCO and Lebanese workers in the cutting at Maameltein in 1942
2024:
2797:
2676:
2671:
2551:
2756:
972:
into Lebanon. This happens because the railway was built before this border was defined. While today in Syria, all
112:
2741:
2691:
2646:
2626:
2616:
2516:
2320:
2089:
854:
885:
in 1941 but the French did not actually permit local rule until 1943. In 1946, the Lebanese government bought the
2861:
2716:
2631:
2496:
2486:
785:
completed a standard-gauge line along the coast between Haifa and Beirut by 24 August 1942 and expanded this to
2761:
2696:
2661:
2596:
2576:
2566:
2526:
2511:
2506:
2473:
2449:
1386:
1146:
795:(HBT) was the last link connecting the European and North African standard-gauge rail networks, apart from the
470:
77:
1863:
1482:
2802:
2721:
2681:
2656:
2636:
2571:
2546:
2536:
2521:
2382:
The Syrian Land: Processes of Integration and Fragmentation: BilÄd al-ShÄm from the 18th to the 20th Century
2281:"Lebanon to get Spanish funds for railway revival plan: minister - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
1429:
958:
882:
786:
508:
141:
100:
1664:"Un bref aperçu de l'histoire des chemins de fer au Liban [A Brief History of Railways in Lebanon]"
2641:
2606:
2561:
2556:
2465:
2310:
1645:
1328:
995:
898:
549:
436:
89:
1465:
2410:
2241:"All aboard the Lebanon express: Nostalgia and a desperate need could revive Arab world's first railway"
1116:
816:
697:
192:
41:
1468:
after both ran into financial difficulties after only completing 8 km (5.0 mi) of track each.
1400:
In February 2022 media reported a proposed Spanish grant for the reestablishment of Lebanese railways.
556:. As a result, traffic between the two lines had to be transferred at Riyaq. The line opened as far as
1347:
828:
466:
274:
180:
82:
17:
2771:
2442:
713:
2826:
2429:
2266:
807:, but it never operated for civilian use. Instead, the British maintained it under the control of
2130:
1424:
1414:
1282:
1138:
918:
654:
246:
49:
2419:
2424:
2390:
2361:
2340:
2330:
2111:
2055:
1990:
1938:
1917:
1894:
1783:
1710:
1622:
1593:
1549:
1254:
946:
705:
588:
572:
454:
420:
271:
270:
around Muzeirib is Syria's breadbasket and the town also served as the point of departure for
172:
105:
94:
2376:
2071:
1822:
2336:
Across the Borders: Financing the World's Railways in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
1567:
1390:
1352:
943:
923:
762:
394:
168:
117:
1260:
734:. An alternate route ran along the Tripoli line to Beirut. The service was operated by the
2214:
2207:
2005:
1795:
1409:
1359:
1134:
1006:
878:
747:
693:
669:
646:
596:
561:
474:
226:, either of which would have undercut Beirut's status as the primary port of the northern
201:
2197:
HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (March 1991), Schienenbusse for Lebanon. Issue 12
1737:
1189:
Beersheba - Netivot - Ashkelon - Lod - Tel Aviv - Herzliya - Netanya - Hadera - Binyamina
831:
in 1946 was unsuccessful. Nowadays the only portion of the HBT still in operation is the
2150:
148:
range) or another port were planned as early as 1871 but were not enacted. In 1889, the
2314:
1340:
770:
725:
708:. The DHP's ownership of its track was reinstated and it was also given control of the
678:
650:
576:
553:
301:
149:
45:
1374:, Train Train. Maalouf is planning to relaunch the line between the coastal cities of
453:
used in pastaâwas intended to be the mainstay of the railway's income, along with the
163:
2845:
2820:
1522:
1478:
1278:
1177:
Beersheba - Kiryat Gat - Ramla - Lod - Tel Aviv - Herzliya - Hadera - Haifa - Karmiel
927:
851:
709:
545:
521:
482:
428:
347:
157:
145:
1663:
175:, depicting the original BeirutâDamascusâHauran Railway and planned route of the DHP
1324:
1002:
Background on trains from Istanbul to Syria: A brief history of the Taurus Express
778:
777:
to Riyaq but gave up the project in 1941 as too difficult. Instead, engineers from
541:
502:
498:
494:
490:
343:
2380:
2355:
2334:
1982:
591:. This was eventually extended northward to reconnect with the Aleppo Railway at
533:
destroyed upon the rocks on the other side, killing 8 and seriously injuring 21.
2830:
1082:
1016:
847:
796:
313:
29:
1115:
Damascus - Sheikh Miskin - Dera'a: under construction, to replace a section of
934:
ceased in 1993 and the last regular rail operations in Lebanonâtrains carrying
865:
477:, however, undercut that trade while the railway was still under construction.
824:
808:
658:
639:
407:
in English. The initial concession was later emended to link the two lines at
339:
2115:
1174:
Beersheba - Kiryat Gat - Ramla - Lod - Tel Aviv - Herzliya - Haifa - Nahariya
1137:, has planned a rail link from Lebanon to its own network, branching off the
1738:"CEL: Chemin de Fer de l'Etate Libanais: The Lebanese State Railway Company"
1071:
800:
782:
355:
133:
1192:
Ashkelon - Rishon LeZiyyon - Tel Aviv - Rosh Ha'Ayin - Kfar Saba - Herzliya
1102:
Extension from Homs southwards to Damascus (194 km) was opened in 1983
354:(37 km or 23 mi from Beirut) 1,487 m or 4,879 ft above
144:
connecting the two cities (90 mi or 140 km over the crest of the
2206:
Section Libanaise de lâAssociation Française des Amis des Chemins de fer.
2151:"How to travel by train from London to Syria | Train travel in Syria"
2434:
2316:
Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870â1914
1669:
Section Libanaise de l'Association Française des Amis des Chemins de fer
1050:
870:
836:
804:
565:
513:
478:
450:
424:
416:
412:
366:
305:
260:) purchased another native's concession for the 65 mi (105 km)
188:
129:
1281:
via MAS. Last one delivered in 1986â87. Apparently all destroyed during
288:
SociĂ©tĂ© des Chemins de fer Ottomans Ă©conomiques de BeyrouthâDamasâHauran
1440:
1379:
1363:
1106:
1086:
969:
886:
820:
557:
447:
362:
361:
In 1893, the company received a concession for a line from Damascus to
137:
1180:
Modi'in - Ben Gurion Airport - Tel Aviv - Binyamina - Haifa - Nahariya
922:
revealed that the 1.05-m DHP system was still working but still using
1518:"Syria's destruction revives a dream of rebuilding Lebanon's railway"
1375:
1142:
1096:
1075:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1020:
965:
939:
935:
931:
579:
line was purchased from its original holder, a Syrian, by the French
517:
443:
432:
351:
267:
241:
Compagnie des tramways de Damas et voies ferrées économiques de Syrie
227:
184:
125:
738:
and was discontinued in 1972. In 1933, the Syrian Lines to Baghdad (
1960:, Vienna: Kaiserlich-Königliche Hofbibliothek, May 1904, p. 49
1481:
was also an Ottoman response to a local uprising: in its case, the
560:
on 19 June 1902 and began service to Aleppo on 4 October 1906. The
1434:
894:
774:
731:
507:
408:
385:
Société Ottomane du Chemins de fer de Damas-Hamah et Prolongements
309:
296:
SociĂ©tĂ© des chemins de fer ottomans economiques de BeyrouthâHavran
223:
219:
162:
153:
111:
68:
28:
2389:, Vol. 6, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 97â112,
2339:, Aldershot: MPG Books for Ashgate Publishing, pp. 183â206,
1952:"Unfall auf der Hauranbahn [Accident on the Hauran Road]"
901:). In 1960 or 1961, the country's network was reorganized as the
2102:
Times, Alan Cowell, Special to the New York (24 February 1990).
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
961:
592:
529:
458:
350:
range. It ran through the Dar al-Beida Pass, with the summit at
278:
2438:
2377:"Railways in the Political Economy of Southern Syria 1890â1925"
2323:
for the National Board for Historical Service, pp. 205â211
1574:, vol. 59, SimmonsâBoardman Publishing Co., pp. 199ff
486:
1147:
the absence of diplomatic relations between the two countries
358:. The railway completed its port at Beirut in December 1892.
1207:
Hadera - Kfar Saba - Rosh Ha'Ayin - Lod (under construction)
2028:
1867:
1741:
1667:
1164:
Bombardier Double-Deck Coach (Electric and Diesel-electric)
723:
From around 1930, the Aleppo Railway formed a stage on the
191:
in 1891. Beyhum sold the concession later that year to the
1774:
Knowles, J.W. (June 1974), "The Beirut Damascus Railway",
1673:
Lebanese Section of the French Railway Friends Association
1195:
Beit Shemesh - Ramla - Lod - Tel Aviv - Herzliya - Netanya
33:
Map of the Lebanese rail network when it was in operation.
2331:"European Investments in the Ottoman Railways, 1850â1914"
179:
Hasan Beyhum Efendi received a concession to construct a
1930:
1928:
1926:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1124:
Palmyra - Deir ez-Zor - Abu Kemal (- IRR Iraq) (planned)
206:
Compagnie de la voie ferrĂ©e Ă©conomique de BeyrouthâDamas
1585:
1583:
1581:
48:
but largely ceased in the 1970s owing to the country's
583:
Société ottomane des libanais nord et sud de Beyrouth
2104:"Aleppo Journal; A Small Hotel, Its Memories Fading"
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1443:, the defunct football club of the Lebanese railways
1183:
Jerusalem - Ben Gurion Airport - Tel Aviv - Herzliya
1112:
Al Qamishli - Al-Yaarubiyah (- IRR Iraq, out of use)
599:, however, its track was removed for use elsewhere.
411:
instead of Damascus. Service from Damascus south to
2770:
2730:
2472:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1045:Damascus - Homs - Hamah - Aleppo - Maydan Ikbis (-
2085:Australian Railway Construction in the Middle East
1641:
1277:Former German railbuses, in 1982â83 acquired from
2411:Maps of Lebanon's lines, stations, and stockyards
564:reached Aleppo in 1912, connecting the line with
497:in 1909; and dividends were minuscule: 4.40
1145:. These plans are unlikely to materialize given
1095:Aleppo - Deir ez-Zor - Al-Qamishli (- Nusaybin,
369:, which prompted its name to be changed to the
2267:"PROPOSAL FOR A LEBANESE COASTAL METRO SYSTEM"
2090:Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin
1210:Rishon LeZiyyon - Modi'in (under construction)
897:nationalized its own railways in 1956 as CFS (
2450:
1985:, London: House of Commons, 1908, p. 810
473:into the European market amid the continuing
399:ĆamâHama ve Temdidi Osmanlı Demiryolu Ćirketi
8:
2135:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1658:
1656:
1654:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1121:Sheikh Miskin - Suwayda (under construction)
1067:Aleppo - Latakia - Tartus - Al Akkari - Homs
907:
823:forces to attack the HBT in two places near
740:
632:
581:
383:
294:
286:
254:
239:
214:, which was anxious to forestall two mooted
2309:Anderson, Frank Maloy; et al. (1918),
516:depicting the DHP's northward extension to
2457:
2443:
2435:
994:) network and trains are operated by CFS (
815:destroyed the bridges near the tunnels at
2067:
1934:
1913:
1818:
1589:
1460:Yusuf Ilyas Efendi and Robert Philling's
1204:Beersheba - Dimona - Rotem (freight only)
1070:Homs - Palmyra: freight only, opened for
1957:Die Lokomotive: Illustrierte Fachzeitung
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1323:
1223:
864:
846:
761:The railways saw significant use in the
752:
736:Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits
668:
595:, beginning service in 1911. During the
528:The line suffered a serious accident at
99:
88:
76:
2226:Lebanese railway revival to be studied
2018:
2016:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1502:
1453:
1161:Siemens Viaggio Light (Diesel-electric)
2239:Van Tets, Fernande (19 October 2014).
2128:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1973:
1971:
1791:
1781:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1706:
1618:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1201:Beersheba - Ramat Hovev (freight only)
431:(HRR) expanded from Damascus south to
427:. Between 1900 and 1908, the separate
2051:
1890:
1545:
1437:, Lebanon's public transport operator
1092:Al Akkari (- Tripoli CEL, out of use)
7:
1778:, vol. No. 18, pp. 117â123
1133:Israel's national railway operator,
857:patrol a CEL railway as part of the
769:originally planned to connect their
638:) began service in 1895 and reached
524:'s parallel track through the Hauran
401:). The network is also known as the
284:The two lines quickly merged as the
18:History of rail transport in Lebanon
1385:According to a study funded by the
1186:Atlit - Haifa - Afula - Beit She'an
811:as late as February 1948, when the
1420:Arab Mashreq International Railway
1074:traffic, destined for the port of
1009:wrote the first part of her novel
893:, yielding its management to DHP.
25:
312:. It originally planned to use a
233:Around the same time, the French
2825:
2816:
2815:
1259:
1081:Line runs from the oilfields of
957:Only a very short length of the
909:Chemin de fer de l'Ătat Libanais
2311:"Railway Concessions in Turkey"
1105:80 km (50 mi) Tartus-
1015:during her stay in room 203 in
2783:British Indian Ocean Territory
859:Multinational Force in Lebanon
839:and Haifa in northern Israel.
813:Jewish insurgency in Palestine
1:
1462:Syria Ottoman Railway Company
1153:Trains functioning in Israel:
942:to Beirutâended in 1997. The
869:Ruin of the train station in
702:mandate for Syria and Lebanon
682:
624:)-gauge coastal railway, the
2430:Dr. Maroun Kassab's Proposal
2375:Schilcher, Linda S. (1998),
2092:, November, 1978 pp. 244â259
2033:, Halden: Ăstfold University
1872:, Halden: Ăstfold University
1746:, Halden: Ăstfold University
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1158:Siemens Desiro HC (Electric)
1085:in the north to the port of
1027:Trains functioning in Syria:
1012:Murder on the Orient Express
792:HaifaâBeirutâTripoli Railway
750:as a subsidiary of the DHP.
378:DamascusâHama and Extensions
2229:. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
2217:. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
1776:Continental Railway Journal
742:Lignes Syriennes de Baghdad
300:, with its headquarters in
2878:
789:by 18 December 1942. This
704:under the auspices of the
493:in 1891 and only 468
346:sections to deal with the
2852:Rail transport in Lebanon
2811:
2023:Ludvigsen, BĂžrre (2008),
1862:Ludvigsen, BĂžrre (2008),
1736:Ludvigsen, BĂžrre (2008),
1642:Anderson & al. (1918)
1351:A Lebanese locomotive at
263:DamascusâMuzeirib Railway
38:Rail transport in Lebanon
2532:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1387:European Investment Bank
1032:LDE DE (Diesel-electric)
819:. An earlier attempt by
132:were first connected by
2857:Rail transport in Syria
2793:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2466:Rail transport in Asia
2360:, Abingdon: Routledge,
2329:Bilmez, BĂŒlent (2008),
1483:Hauran Uprising of 1898
1430:Tripoli Railway Station
1366:Railway Station in 2009
883:independence of Lebanon
787:Tripoli Railway Station
571:The concession for the
342:, along with expensive
197:BeirutâDamascus Tramway
2030:Al Mashriq: The Levant
1869:Al Mashriq: The Levant
1743:Al Mashriq: The Levant
1367:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1329:Beirut Railway Station
1311:998 862-7 > C 10453
1309:998 153-1 > B 10453
1307:798 708-4 > A 10453
1305:998 672-0 > C 10452
1303:998 010-3 > B 10452
1301:798 707-6 > A 10452
1299:998 876-7 > C 10451
1297:998 032-7 > B 10451
1295:798 789-4 > A 10451
1293:998 771-0 > C 10450
1291:998 143-2 > B 10450
1289:798 672-2 > A 10450
996:Chemins de Fer Syriens
908:
899:Chemins de Fer Syriens
891:ÂŁ5 000 000
874:
862:
758:
741:
689:
633:
582:
550:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
525:
501:in 1902 and 6.31
398:
384:
295:
287:
256:Chemin de fer en Syrie
255:
240:
205:
176:
120:
109:
97:
86:
74:
40:began in the 1890s as
34:
2387:Berliner Islamstudien
1362:
1350:
1338:
1327:
1139:Haifa-Karmiel railway
1060:Aleppo (- Gaziantep,
889:âTripoli Railway for
868:
850:
756:
672:
511:
372:DamascusâHama Railway
166:
116:The steep incline at
115:
103:
92:
80:
72:
32:
2707:United Arab Emirates
2354:Burns, Ross (2005),
2213:24 July 2011 at the
829:Night of the Bridges
730:s southern route to
152:broke out among the
2734:limited recognition
2357:Damascus: A History
1572:Railway Age Gazette
1466:HaifaâDarÊŸa Railway
843:Independent Lebanon
308:) and an office in
44:projects under the
2287:. 24 February 2022
2285:www.al-monitor.com
2108:The New York Times
1979:Reports and Papers
1425:Palestine Railways
1415:Transport in Syria
1368:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1283:Lebanese Civil War
1198:Beersheba - Dimona
970:crosses the border
919:Lebanese Civil War
875:
863:
759:
690:
655:Palestine Railways
526:
177:
121:
110:
98:
87:
85:, with a DHP train
75:
35:
2839:
2838:
2776:other territories
2367:978-0-415-41317-6
2346:978-0-7546-6029-3
1998:External link in
1568:Freeman, Lewis R.
1526:. 5 October 2017.
1317:
1316:
1312:
1255:Uerdingen railbus
947:diesel locomotive
706:League of Nations
457:trade during the
455:Muslim pilgrimage
316:but ended with a
235:Damascus Tramways
222:and another from
136:in 1861 and by a
16:(Redirected from
2869:
2862:Ottoman railways
2829:
2819:
2818:
2788:Christmas Island
2474:Sovereign states
2459:
2452:
2445:
2436:
2399:
2370:
2349:
2324:
2297:
2296:
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2271:
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2265:Kassab, Maroun.
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2081:
2075:
2068:Schilcher (1998)
2065:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1975:
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1948:
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1935:Schilcher (1998)
1932:
1921:
1914:Schilcher (1998)
1911:
1898:
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1880:
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1877:
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1819:Schilcher (1998)
1816:
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1799:
1794:has extra text (
1793:
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1590:Schilcher (1998)
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1527:
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1486:
1475:
1469:
1458:
1391:Syrian Civil War
1288:
1263:
1239:Year in Service
1224:
993:
991:
990:
986:
983:
975:
911:
903:Lebanese Railway
892:
794:
763:Second World War
744:
720:railway rights.
687:
684:
636:
634:Tramway Libanais
629:
627:Lebanese Tramway
623:
621:
620:
616:
613:
605:
585:
471:Australian wheat
406:
387:
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374:
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218:lines, one from
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2766:
2747:Northern Cyprus
2733:
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2290:
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2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2245:The Independent
2238:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2215:Wayback Machine
2205:
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1489:
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1455:
1450:
1410:Syrian railways
1406:
1339:The railway at
1322:
1320:Planned revival
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
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1296:
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1135:Israel Railways
1131:
1007:Agatha Christie
1004:
988:
984:
981:
979:
978:4 ft
977:
973:
955:
890:
881:proclaimed the
879:Georges Catroux
845:
833:Coastal Railway
790:
748:Baghdad Railway
746:) arranged the
694:First World War
685:
667:
647:First World War
625:
618:
614:
611:
609:
608:3 ft
607:
603:
597:First World War
562:Baghdad Railway
475:Long Depression
461:. The entry of
442:Wheat from the
437:branch to Haifa
421:Qanawat Station
417:Baramke Station
404:Syrian Railways
402:
376:
370:
332:
328:
325:
323:
322:3 ft
321:
317:
261:
249:
234:
211:Lebanon Railway
209:
195:
167:An 1896 map of
142:Syrian railways
123:
122:
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2405:External links
2403:
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2326:
2319:, Washington:
2304:
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2088:Knowles, J.W.
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1003:
1000:
954:
951:
861:in August 1983
844:
841:
809:their military
771:standard-gauge
726:Taurus Express
692:Following the
679:Taurus Express
666:
665:French Mandate
663:
651:Ottoman Empire
554:standard gauge
548:range and the
538:Aleppo Railway
514:Turkey in Asia
512:A 1911 map of
302:Constantinople
250:Syrian Railway
150:Ammiyya Revolt
140:road in 1863.
93:The tunnel at
81:The bridge at
67:
66:
64:
63:Ottoman Empire
61:
57:
54:
46:Ottoman Empire
24:
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2757:South Ossetia
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2019:
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2013:
2007:
2001:|volume=
1992:
1984:
1980:
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1968:
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1707:Bilmez (2008)
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1619:Bilmez (2008)
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1524:
1523:The Economist
1519:
1513:
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1497:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1479:Hejaz Railway
1474:
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1233:Axle Formula
1225:
1219:
1215:Rolling stock
1214:
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1188:
1185:
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1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Hejaz railway
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:(750 km)
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
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1018:
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997:
974:1,435 mm
971:
967:
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960:
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948:
945:
941:
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933:
929:
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916:
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904:
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888:
884:
880:
872:
867:
860:
856:
853:
852:United States
849:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Ras al-Nakura
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:network from
772:
768:
764:
755:
751:
749:
745:
743:
737:
733:
729:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
710:Hejaz Railway
707:
703:
699:
695:
680:
676:
671:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
635:
628:
604:1,050 mm
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
584:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:was built to
551:
547:
546:Mount Lebanon
543:
539:
534:
531:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:Hejaz Railway
426:
425:Midan Station
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
386:
379:
373:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:Mount Lebanon
345:
341:
318:1,050 mm
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
291:
289:
282:
280:
276:
273:
269:
264:
259:
257:
248:
244:
242:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
170:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:Mount Lebanon
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
119:
114:
107:
102:
96:
91:
84:
79:
71:
62:
60:
55:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
27:
19:
2772:Dependencies
2702:Turkmenistan
2667:Saudi Arabia
2611:
2425:UN Map Syria
2414:
2386:
2381:
2356:
2335:
2315:
2303:Bibliography
2289:. Retrieved
2284:
2275:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2244:
2234:
2222:
2202:
2193:
2176:
2159:
2145:
2119:. Retrieved
2107:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2063:
2052:Burns (2005)
2047:
2037:16 September
2035:, retrieved
2029:
2025:"RiyaqâHoms"
1981:, vol.
1978:
1956:
1946:
1891:Burns (2005)
1886:
1876:16 September
1874:, retrieved
1868:
1864:"Background"
1775:
1750:16 September
1748:, retrieved
1742:
1680:, retrieved
1676:
1672:
1668:
1571:
1546:Burns (2005)
1521:
1473:
1456:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1369:
1287:
1246:Constructor
1168:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1132:
1109:line in 1992
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1010:
1005:
956:
914:
906:
902:
876:
791:
779:South Africa
760:
739:
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2831:Asia portal
2732:States with
2652:Philippines
2592:South Korea
2587:North Korea
2482:Afghanistan
1964:(in German)
1689:(in French)
1083:Al Qamishli
1017:Baron Hotel
827:during the
799:across the
686: 1930
657:toward the
645:During the
602:A separate
314:meter gauge
277:during the
104:A train at
2846:Categories
2712:Uzbekistan
2687:Tajikistan
2602:Kyrgyzstan
2582:Kazakhstan
2502:Bangladesh
2492:Azerbaijan
2415:Al Mashriq
2070:, p.
2054:, p.
1937:, p.
1916:, p.
1893:, p.
1821:, p.
1709:, p.
1644:, p.
1621:, p.
1592:, p.
1548:, p.
1493:References
1072:phosphates
825:Nahal Kziv
659:Suez Canal
640:Maameltein
156:and other
83:Khan-M'rad
2798:Hong Kong
2752:Palestine
2677:Sri Lanka
2672:Singapore
2552:Indonesia
2208:Actualité
2131:cite news
2116:0362-4331
1983:Vol. CXVI
1682:24 August
1498:Citations
1169:Networks:
1078:, in 1980
1040:Networks:
801:Bosphorus
783:Australia
714:Palestine
700:held the
642:in 1908.
505:in 1909.
479:Damascene
435:, with a
356:sea level
134:telegraph
50:civil war
2821:Category
2742:Abkhazia
2692:Thailand
2647:Pakistan
2627:Mongolia
2622:Maldives
2617:Malaysia
2517:Cambodia
2291:19 March
2211:Archived
1991:citation
1784:citation
1404:See also
1051:Istanbul
992: in
877:General
871:Bhamdoun
837:Nahariya
835:between
805:Istanbul
681:network
622: in
566:Istanbul
540:via the
520:and the
463:American
451:semolina
413:Muzeirib
367:Anatolia
344:Abt rack
336: in
306:Istanbul
275:caravans
189:Damascus
183:between
130:Damascus
106:Yahfufah
95:Medarije
2717:Vietnam
2632:Myanmar
2612:Lebanon
2542:Georgia
2497:Bahrain
2487:Armenia
2250:6 April
2182:"Error"
2165:"Error"
1441:AS DPHB
1380:Batroun
1364:Baalbek
1355:in 2007
1353:Tripoli
1343:in 2007
1331:in 2007
1236:Number
1220:Retired
1107:Latakia
1087:Latakia
987:⁄
917:). The
887:Naqoura
855:Marines
821:Haganah
767:British
617:⁄
589:Tripoli
573:Tripoli
558:Baalbek
483:margins
448:protein
395:Turkish
363:Birecik
331:⁄
272:pilgrim
247:Belgian
216:British
181:tramway
138:macadam
108:Station
56:History
2762:Taiwan
2697:Turkey
2662:Russia
2597:Kuwait
2577:Jordan
2567:Israel
2527:Cyprus
2512:Brunei
2507:Bhutan
2420:UN Map
2393:
2364:
2343:
2121:20 May
2114:
1376:Byblos
1249:Notes
1230:Image
1227:Class
1143:Ahihud
1129:Israel
1097:Turkey
1076:Tartus
1062:Turkey
1055:Turkey
1047:Ankara
1021:Aleppo
966:Tartus
959:Syrian
944:Polish
940:Chekka
936:cement
932:Byblos
873:(2012)
765:. The
718:Syrian
698:France
649:, the
518:Aleppo
469:, and
467:Indian
446:âhigh-
444:Hauran
433:Medina
423:, and
352:Beidar
268:Hauran
266:. The
228:Levant
202:French
193:French
185:Beirut
173:Beirut
158:Syrian
126:Beirut
118:Tekieh
42:French
2803:Macau
2722:Yemen
2682:Syria
2657:Qatar
2637:Nepal
2572:Japan
2547:India
2537:Egypt
2522:China
2185:(PDF)
2168:(PDF)
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1671:[
1448:Notes
1435:OCFTC
1341:SaĂŻda
1242:Power
1099:TCDD)
1064:TCDD)
1057:TCDD)
968:line
953:Syria
938:from
924:steam
895:Syria
797:ferry
775:Haifa
732:Cairo
577:Saida
409:Riyaq
340:gauge
310:Paris
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224:Haifa
220:Jaffa
208:) or
169:Syria
154:Druze
2642:Oman
2607:Laos
2562:Iraq
2557:Iran
2391:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2293:2022
2252:2015
2137:link
2123:2017
2112:ISSN
2039:2015
2006:help
1878:2015
1796:help
1752:2015
1684:2008
1477:The
1378:and
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930:and
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781:and
716:for
675:CIWL
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530:Aley
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279:Hajj
187:and
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2056:259
1939:105
1918:100
1895:258
1711:196
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