Rail transport in Vietnam - Knowledge (XXG)

2602:) in 1989; since that time, railway reform has passed through a number of stages. Responsibility for rail infrastructure and operations were separated by government decree in 1994. The government of Germany began providing assistance with the restructuring of the railway sector in 2000, allowing VNR to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations, thus increasing its competitiveness. In 2003, VNR was re-organized as a state corporation, the Vietnam Railway Corporation, operating in railway transport and related services; railway administration and infrastructure management were given to the Vietnam Railway Administration, under the authority of the Ministry of Transport. A Railway Law was passed by the National Assembly on 19 May 2005; although regulations for the law's implementation have yet to be issued, it does provide a strong basis for further sector development; among other things, it proposed that 591: 2070: 770: 2589:(VNR), which operates a number of different subsidiaries involved in construction, communications, training, and other activities connected to railway maintenance. Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, the newly reunified Vietnamese railway network was centrally managed by the precursor of VNR, the government's Department of Railways. Initially, low rail tariffs and the poor state of infrastructure used in other modes of transport led to high usage, but revenue proved to be insufficient to cover the railway's operating costs. In 1986, the Government's implementation of 913: 1047: 703:. The French government approved the construction of the entire Yunnan line and several sections of the North–South line, approving a loan of 200 million francs within the following year. Work began swiftly thereafter, with the Phu Lang Thuong—Lạng Sơn line being upgraded and extended from Hanoi to the Chinese border at Dong Dang. The section between Gia Lâm and Đồng Đăng was inaugurated in July 1900 but completion of gauge conversion of the remaining section and the first section of the Yunnan line between 715: 969: 2646: 228: 2431:

36,000 m (118,000 ft). Many of the railway bridges were severely worn from age and sport damage dating from the Vietnam War, despite their restoration following the war. As of 2007, 278 bridges requiring major rehabilitation remain along the North–South Railway line. Throughout the entire Vietnamese rail network, Vietnam Railways reports a total of 1,790 railway bridges, with a total length of 45,368 m (148,845 ft).

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Linh–Hà Đông line, and the Yen Vien–Ngoc Hoi line. The Nho–Hanoi Railway Station, Cat Linh–Hà Đông and Yen Vien–Ngoc Hoi lines are currently in the research phase. Technical studies of the system were expected to be completed in 2009. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has confirmed that the Nam Thang Long–Tran Hung Dao line would begin construction in mid-2011, to be completed in 2014 for full operation by 2016.

2528: 2297: 5304: 5314: 2632: 2578: 1103:, below) valued at approximately US$ 56 billion. Due to its cost, plans for the line are currently on hold pending further study of the project. Other projects involve the restoration of previously existing lines, such as the Da Lat–Tháp Chàm and Ho Chi Minh City–Loc Ninh lines, both of which were originally built in the 1930s, but fell into disuse after decades of war. The proposed 909:, the worst to strike Vietnam in sixty-five years, damaged the railway system even further, restricting operations to five separated segments. A second reconstruction effort, assisted again by the U.S. government, began in December 1966, and progressed in those areas where security was re-established. The system reopened 340 kilometers of main line in areas where security was restored. 4865: 5384: 2618: 1032: 729:) in 1902, the largest bridge in Southeast Asia at that time. Construction on the Yunnan line continued northwestward towards the border town of Lào Cai, opening in segments beginning in 1903; the entire Hanoi–Lào Cai line was finally opened in 1906. Finally, in 1910, the line was extended to its final destination of 956:, deployed in late June 1965, were tasked with repairing the damage caused by the bombing. By late December of that year, reconstruction was complete on 363 kilometers of both the Hanoi–Lào Cai and Hanoi–Dong Dang lines, significantly increasing shipping capacity. A third rail was added to the existing lines, using 1935:). Railway service along the Chinese portion of the route is currently suspended. Cross-border service was available until 2002, when floods and landslides, which frequently caused delays along the route, caused serious damage to the tracks on the Chinese side. The railway will form the Chinese part of the 2283:

Most of Vietnam's railway infrastructure—including bridges, rail trucks, track beds, rolling stocks, signals and communication equipment, and maintenance facilities—has suffered severe deterioration, mainly due to damage inflicted during the Vietnam War and a subsequent lack of capital investment and

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The Vietnamese government is in talks with China about a faster railway link parallel to the existing Hanoi–Lào Cai railway. It is proposed to have an average speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) for passenger trains. The new line would half the travel time for goods, and also stop the need

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on 30 April 1975, the Communist government of the newly unified Vietnam took control of the former South Vietnamese railway. The heavily damaged, war-torn North–South line was restored and returned to service on 31 December 1976, promoted as a symbol of Vietnamese unity. In the short time between the

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failed to deter the Viet Minh, however, who continued sabotaging the line, making off with its rails under cover of night and using them to create a 300-kilometre (190 mi)-long clandestine rail network between Ninh Hoa and Da Nang, in a Viet Minh-controlled area. In 1954, following the signature

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The Vietnamese railway network is crossed by many roads in several crowded areas; as a result, accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians have occurred. In the first 10 months of 2009, 431 railway accidents reportedly took place throughout Vietnam, causing 166 casualties and injuring 319 people. A

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The overall condition of railway infrastructure in Vietnam varies from poor to fair; most of the network remains in need of rehabilitation and upgrading, having received only temporary repair from damages suffered during decades of war. A joint Japanese-Vietnamese evaluation team found that the poor

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system with five routes (1435mm gauge). The project is being carried out by the Hanoi Metropolitan Rail Transport Project Board (HRB). As of spring 2009, projects for four lines were under consideration: the Nho–Hanoi Railway Station (the "pilot" line), the Nam Thang Long–Tran Hung Dao line, the Cat

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Rail transport remains relatively underused as a mode of transport in Vietnam. While road transport dominates the transport sector by far—accounting for 65% of freight moved as of 2006—rail transport accounted for only 4% of freight transportation in 2008, and 5% of passenger transportation, leading

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had originally set an ambitious target, approving a 1,630 km (1,010 mi) line to be completed by 2013, with 70 percent of funding (initially estimated at US$ 33 billion) coming from Japanese ODA, and the remaining 30 percent raised through loans. Later reports raised estimated costs to US$

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The Vietnamese railway network has a total length of 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi), dominated by the north–south line running between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; as of 2007, 85% of the network's passenger volume and 60% of its cargo volume was transported along this line. There were 278 stations

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In North Vietnam, American bombing of railways was concentrated on key targets such as bridges, both along the North–South Railway and along the lines north of Hanoi, such as the Hanoi–Lào Cai and Hanoi–Dong Dang lines. At several points during the war, American bombing severely hindered transport

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and North–South railways began. Construction of the north–south line took over thirty years, finally ending in 1936, during which time other branch lines were also completed. Beginning in World War II, the entire rail network became a target of bombing attacks by a number of groups, including both

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Along with recent efforts aimed at infrastructure rehabilitation, the recent adoption of safety measures by Vietnam Railways has led to a decline in railway accidents. These measures include: public awareness campaigns on railway safety in the media; construction of fences and safety barriers at

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noted "There are numerous safety issues with level crossings...usually, an accident occurs every day." Many rail bridges and tunnels have suffered deterioration since the 1970s, requiring trains passing over or through them to reduce speeds as low as 15 km/h (9.3 mph). In addition, the

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Early in the conflict, the Viet Minh's sabotage attempts failed to seriously damage the French railways, and most trains circulated without much protection. Beginning in 1947, however, the Viet Minh began to use mines, with circulation slowing to a crawl as they became more and more powerful. In

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technology has been used along the North–South Railway line to send television signals; 64 kbit/s transmission lines are leased from the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Corporation (VPTC). Along some sections of the line—for example, from Hanoi to Vinh and from Nha Trang to Ho Chi Minh

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The north–south line goes through some congested urban areas, with very little clearance (less than 1 meter on each side), instead they rely on blazing horns. Though the line is single track, speed does pick up outside urban areas, and the rails themselves are of quality to easily outpace any

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was first proposed in 2001 as part of a comprehensive public transport network plan including Ho Chi Minh City and neighbouring provinces. The project is managed by the city's Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR), a government unit working directly under the Chairman of the People's

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The railway between Fangchenggang and Dongxing, in South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spans a distance of 46.9 kilometers (km), and has a designed speed of 200 km per hour. Infrastructure is being built with conditions to upgrade the travel speed to 250 km per hour in the future.

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Vietnam Railways reports the number of railway bridges along the North–South line to be 1,300, totalling about 28,000 m (92,000 ft), or about 63% of the national total. Considering both standard rail bridges and combined bridges, the total length along the North–South line is about

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lines. This allowed Chinese trains to connect directly with the Vietnamese railway network, without the need for a break-of-gauge. Many new stations, bridges and tunnels were also built, and an entirely new rail line, the Thái Nguyên–Kép line, was built as a strategic connection between the

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There are 27 railway tunnels along the North–South line, amounting to a total length of 8,335 m (27,346 ft). Throughout the entire Vietnamese rail network, Vietnam Railways report a total of 39 tunnels with a combined length of 11,512 m (37,769 ft). Certain tunnels are

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has been deployed; Vietnam Railways intends to extend the network along the remaining distance from Vinh to Nha Trang. A switching system featuring digital exchanges is in place, connected via the existing transmission system and the public telephone network. As the modernization of the

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in 1979 resulted in the closing of borders, including railways; particularly, the railway bridge that connected Lào Cai and Hekou on the Yunnan–Vietnam line was destroyed by sabotage during the conflict. Rail traffic between the two countries would eventually resume in 1992.

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in 2009) for a completion date in the mid-2030s. On June 19, 2010, after a month of deliberation, Vietnam's National Assembly rejected the high speed rail proposal due to its high cost; National Assembly deputies had asked for further study of the project.

1954:. Regular service generally entails stopping at the border, changing from a Vietnamese metre-gauge train to a Chinese standard-gauge train, and continuing on to Nanning. Since 2009, a daily overnight service is available; the train departs from Hanoi's 2593:

economic reforms led to the deregulation of the transport sector and the shift towards a market-led economy, forcing the railways to change in order to maintain a competitive edge. The Department of Railways was reorganized into Vietnam Railways

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critical level crossings in major cities; mobilization of volunteers for traffic control at train stations and level crossings, especially during holiday seasons; the installation of additional auto-signal systems; and the construction of

630:, began in the same year, to be completed soon afterwards in 1885. The Saigon–Mỹ Tho line reduced travel time between the two cities from 12 hours to only 3 hours, and established a connection between Saigon and the shipping lanes of the 992:. The bridge was attacked several times from 1965 to 1972. Several times, traffic over the bridge was interrupted, but every time, the North Vietnamese were able to repair the damage. The bridge was eventually destroyed by laser-guided 2475:

method used in earlier years. According to a joint Japanese-Vietnamese evaluation team, the recent installation of additional auto-signal systems at key crossings along the line has contributed to a decline in railway accidents.

683:, had been convinced of the necessity of building railways to connect the different parts of Indochina, and had identified certain key routes that should be built as a matter of priority; among these, a route connecting 618:, operated by the Cochinchina Steam Tramway Company (SGTVC). After a month of operation, the Lieutenant Governor of Cochinchina noted that ridership had already reached two thousand passengers. Construction of the first 756:

section from 1930 to 1936. On 2 October 1936, the entire 1,726 km (1,072 mi) Hanoi–Saigon link was formally put into full operation. The first journeys from end to end of the newly completed line, dubbed the

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There is currently no railway connection between Vietnam and Laos. In 2007, the Laotian Ministry of Transportation entered into discussion with Vietnam to discuss the possibility of opening a new railway line from

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stations had already been built prior to 1966. "The First Division had to construct four tunnels, ... four train stations, and several bridges along the Kép-Thái Nguyên line." Col. Hou Zhenlu, quoted in

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government to reconstruct the main line between Saigon and Huế, and several branch lines were also completed. As reconstruction efforts advanced, however, bombardments and sabotage of the railways by the

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and the North Vietnamese intensified, reducing the transportation capacity and effectiveness of the railway, and eventually forcing the abandonment of many large sections of the track. In 1964, Typhoons

891:, the Vietnamese railway network—especially the North–South Railway—was a target of bombardments and sabotage by both North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese forces. In the South, American aid allowed the 2145:

Workers began to lay tracks on China's first direct high-speed railway link to Vietnam on 8th August 2023. A track-laying machine put down a 500-meter-long track, domestic media outlet CGTN reported.

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state of railway infrastructure was the fundamental cause for most railway accidents, of which the most common types are train crashes against vehicles and persons, especially at illegal

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The Hanoi–Haiphong railway was one leg of the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway, which had begun construction in 1900, and continued northward with the erection of Paul Doumer Bridge (now known as

733:. Construction of the Yunnan line was an extremely difficult undertaking, incurring not only great expenditures but also a great loss of human life. At least 12,000 labourers died from 3698: 4601: 1004:

surrender of the South and the reopening of the line, 1334 bridges, 27 tunnels, 158 stations and 1370 switches had been repaired. Other railway lines that once existed, such as the

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project, overseen by the ASEAN–Mekong Basin Development Cooperation (AMBDC). The 129 km (80 mi) Vietnamese portion of the line would begin with a junction of the

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Besides active tracks, around 506 km (314 mi) of tracks are in use as siding, bringing the total to 3,106 km (1,930 mi) of track laid nationwide.

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have been proposed or are currently underway, including a series of projects to improve bridge and railway safety on the North-South Railway line, connections to

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Construction of the North–South Railway began in 1899, and lasted over thirty years, with individual sections completed serially: from 1899 to 1905, the Hanoi–

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lines (both of which had either existed or been considered before World War II) would establish Vietnam's first international railway links to

695:. In 1897, Doumer submitted an overarching proposal for railway development in Indochina, including plans for what would eventually become the 4572: 4100: 3603: 2753: 4609: 1609: 5422: 4943: 676: 314: 4623: 4230: 3787:"THE STUDY ON THE NATIONAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (VITRANSS) Technical Report No. 6 RAILWAY" 3702: 3215: 5028: 4039: 2003: 821: 4353: 365:

between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City has also been proposed, which would reduce journey length from 30 hours to around 6 hours. Laos has

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have allowed the most critical pieces of infrastructure along the line to be replaced, although much work still remains to be done.

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inadequately drained and suffer from deterioration in the tunnel lining, causing water leaks that necessitate reductions in speed.

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reforms of the late 1980s, the railway system has entered a renewed phase of development. A number of major projects supported by

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by Japanese forces in 1940. The Japanese used the railway system extensively during their occupation, inviting sabotage by the

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are used northeast of Hanoi. As of 2005, approximately 2,600 km (1,600 mi) of track was in use throughout Vietnam:

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According to Vietnam Railways, automatic warning systems have been installed at 230 level crossings throughout the country.

1991: 1936: 816:. The French returned several sections of the railway to full operation, allowing trains to circulate freely from Saigon to 805:

as well as airborne Allied bombing raids. The railways sustained considerable damage, including the destruction of bridges.

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center of the country is subject to violent annual flooding and bridges are often swept away, causing lengthy closures.

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in the early 20th century. The section within Vietnam is 389 km long (237 km between Hanoi and the border at

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Several railway lines have been proposed for construction in Vietnam in recent years. The largest such project is the

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The North–South Railway line uses a semi-automatic block system, which allows individual signals to work either as

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in the 1930s, with the intent of extending it further into Cambodia. It was abandoned in 1945, at the start of the

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line, were dismantled during this period to provide materials for the repair of the main line. The outbreak of the

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The first railways in Vietnam were established in the 1880s, with construction beginning in 1888; these included a

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which the Vietnamese Government plans to expand. This would revive, in part, an earlier but aborted scheme, the

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is due to begin construction in August 2010, scheduled for completion in 2016. Other proposed lines include: a

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routes (1435mm gauge) with a total length of 107 kilometres (66 mi). The network's first line, connecting

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to complete the journey in approximately thirty hours. Once completed, the high-speed rail line—using Japanese

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The following table gives an overview of rail transport volume and traffic over the period from 1998 to 2011:

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highway traffic, nevertheless this does not allow for schedule flexibility and frequency nor much safety as

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Article "Inauguration du chemin de fer de Hanoi a las Porte de Chine" in 'L'Illustration 22 Septenbre 1900'

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The Vietnamese rail network includes 4,860 sewers, with a total length of 71,439 m (234,380 ft).

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telecommunication system progresses, manual exchanges are gradually being replaced with digital exchanges.

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now remains in works, with expectations to begin constructions by 2028-2029. Furthermore, the proposed

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began, and the Viet Minh's sabotage of the rail system continued, this time against the armies of the

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technology—would allow trains to complete the Hanoi–Ho Chi Minh City journey in less than six hours.

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There is currently no railway connection between Vietnam and Cambodia. The French administration of

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on the Vietnamese railway network as of 2005, 191 of which were located along the north–south line.

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temporarily called off air raids. Large-scale air raids resumed from May 9 to October 23, 1972, for

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and the end of the First Indochina War, Vietnam—along with its railway system—was divided along the

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were once used throughout the Vietnamese rail network, but these are gradually being replaced with

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and Tourane and north of Huế were judged to be too insecure to be returned to service at the time.

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approved an overall transport development plan for Hanoi, which, among other projects, proposed a

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along both lines, on which the North Vietnamese depended for shipments from their Chinese allies.

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section was laid down, followed by the Nha Trang–Saigon section from 1905 to 1913, then the Vinh–

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Rail transport was introduced to Vietnam in the 1880s, supported by the French administration of

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Le 5e Régiment du Génie d'hier et d'aujourd'hui : l'aventure des Sapeurs de chemins de fer

1840: 824:, Saigon to Mỹ Tho and Huế to Tourane (Da Nang) by the end of 1947. The sections lying between 4834: 4379:. Engineering and Consulting Firms Association, Japan Development Institute (JDI). March 2010. 4311: 4238: 4096: 4090: 3599: 3593: 3551: 3545: 3521: 3496: 3337: 3331: 3219: 2749: 2743: 2040: 1844: 1737: 1112: 1051: 934: 4419:"North-South high-speed railway expected to begin construction in 2028 – 2029 – Talk Vietnam" 4305: 4043: 5373: 3295: 2933: 2688: 2651: 2586: 2173: 2098: 2086: 1983: 1967: 1928: 1890: 1816: 1787: 1108: 1096: 1073: 778: 726: 718: 623: 607: 294: 271: 248: 45: 4652: 3961: 1761: 661: 4897: 4702: 4374:"The Study on the Development Plan of Thakek-Vung Ang Gateway between Lao PDR and Vietnam" 3678: 3667: 3577: 3371: 3151: 2810: 2665: 2645: 2541: 2117: 2090: 1563:

Originally established in 1932. only the last 7 km still in use; see Da Lat–Trai Mat

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for transferring goods from metre gauge to standard gauge trains at the Chinese border.

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was in service on the Saigon-Nha Trang section of the North–South line, manned by the

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during separate raids on April 27 and May 13, 1972, as part of Operation Linebacker.

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caused by failure to decrease speed were also noted as a common cause of accidents.

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The Vietnamese railway network is owned and operated by the state-owned enterprise

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as both a cargo-carrier and a mobile surveillance unit. In February 1951 the first

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VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam

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Check the timetable from Ha Noi to Sai Gon (or vice versa) to see journey times.

2577: 2317: 2309: 2258: 2105:(ODA). Current technology allows trains travelling on the current, single-track 1920: 1855: 1827: 1752: 1637: 1595: 1578: 1558: 1478: 1443: 1410: 1282: 1201: 1174: 961: 888: 672: 615: 403: 374: 335: 331: 310: 309:. Railway construction flourished soon afterwards, during the administration of 283: 275: 154: 95: 4092:

Voices from the Vietnam War: Stories from American, Asian, and Russian Veterans

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Voices from the Vietnam War: Stories from American, Asian, and Russian Veterans

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Voices from the Vietnam War: Stories from American, Asian, and Russian Veterans

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technology has been suggested for use in the express railway project. (Photo:

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lines with a total length of 37 kilometres (23 mi) and six underground

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Les chemins de fer de la France d'outre-mer, tome 1 l'Indochine, le Yunnan.

4294:. Zimmermann, Maurice. In: Annales de Géographie. 1895, t. 4, n°16. p. 389. 4825:

Adolf Dannehl (19 March 1999), "Zugforderung und lokomotiven in Vietnam",

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Committee of Ho Chi Minh City. The city's plan envisages developing three

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has been partially rehabilitated for the last 7 km out of 84 km

831: 398:

it to be considered the "least relevant" of all modes of transport in the

4921: 2851: 2562: 2451: 2178: 1882: 1116: 708: 350: 4869: 3298:. Robert Lee. University of Western Sydney, Macarthur. 11 February 2003. 2245:; and a line stretching from Ba Queo in Tân Bình District to Phu Lam in 749: 4470:"Trains travelling up to 350kmh by 2030 in Vietnam | New Straits Times" 4190: 3456:"Le train blindé "La Rafale" longe la corniche de Ca Na (ANN 51-4 R41)" 2590: 2020: 1943: 1886: 1791: 1055: 734: 730: 378: 370: 342: 243: 5383: 3875: 3474:"Le train blindé "La Rafale" sur la corniche de Ca Na (ANN 51-4 R43)" 2566: 2484:; most of the railway lines in northern Vietnam have been converted. 2301: 1005: 790: 688: 635: 595: 197: 179: 4674:"Hanoi: construction of first metro route to start in first quarter" 317:

from 1897 to 1902. It was during this time that construction of the

4550: 2617: 1031: 988:, a well-defended combined road/rail bridge along the main line in 2576: 2532: 2438: 2295: 2094: 2068: 1092: 1045: 1030: 967: 911: 830: 768: 713: 704: 684: 610:. The earliest rail project to be completed was the Saigon–Cholon 589: 357:, and the restoration of a number of defunct lines, including the 267: 4494:"China begins construction of high-speed railway link to Vietnam" 2284:

maintenance. More recently, rehabilitation projects sustained by

2201:, is scheduled for completion in 2015, and a second line between 3821: 2993:. European Union Economic and Commercial Counsellors. June 2010. 2024: 1120: 745: 611: 354: 290: 5332: 4925: 3296:

Potential railway world heritage sites in Asia and the Pacific

2899:. Japan International Cooperation Agency. 2007. Archived from 2894:"Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh City Railway Bridge Rehabilitation Project" 929:

was the first large-scale bombing campaign carried out by the

916:

An American attack squadron bombs the Hải Dương bridge during

3307:

Hoàng Cơ Thụy. Việt sử khảo luận. Paris: Nam Á, 2002. p.1495.

671:

Railway construction multiplied during the administration of

3062:

Archives nationales d'outre-mer, carton 306, dossier U 50-1.

1958:, and runs on standard-gauge tracks all the way to Nanning. 3927:(Train Schedule from Gia Lam (Vietnam) to Nanning (China))" 4885: 4760:(in Vietnamese). VNExpress.net. 2009-11-25. Archived from 4206:"Đề xuất làm 5 tuyến đường sắt kết nối TP HCM - VnExpress" 3925:

Giờ tàu du lịch Gia Lâm (Việt Nam) - Nam Ninh (Trung Quốc)

3476:. French Defense Ministry archives (ECPAD). Archived from 3458:. French Defense Ministry archives (ECPAD). Archived from 3082:"Saigon - Ho Chi Minh City: Trade Port, Trade and Service" 2450:

A Vietnam Railways train passes through a tunnel north of

752:

section from 1913 to 1927, and finally, the remaining Huế–

3434:"L'audace du rail : les trains blindés du Sud-Annam" 1206:

Main Line, sometimes recorded as Yen Vien – Lao Cai line

4890: 4602:"The work begins: HCM City to have first subway in 2015" 4040:"Lịch sử các nhà ga của Đường sắt Việt Nam: Ga Đông Anh" 3364:

L'Indochine française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

4903:

Collected postcards depicting the Railways of Indochina

3547:

Like rolling thunder: the air war in Vietnam, 1964-1975

2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 367:

held a ceremony but construction remains stalled (2019)

4279:"Vietnam to have additional 18 railway routes by 2050" 3330:

Nick Ray; Yu-Mei Balasingamchow; Iain Stewart (2009).

1600:

Originally established in 1933, abandoned c.1959. See

793:

served as a channel for arms shipments to the Chinese

4805:

Gov't Decree No. 34/2003/QĐ-TTg, dated March 04, 2003

4758:"Những điểm giao cắt đường sắt nguy hiểm giữa thủ đô" 4722: 4720: 4624:"City sets to start construction of metro route No.2" 4547:"Overview of Management Authority for Urban Railways" 4388: 4386: 2934:"Fact Sheet: The Singapore–Kunming Rail Link Project" 1889:

was originally built by the French administration of

1287:

Main Line. Some recorded as Gia Lam – Haiphong line

4697: 4695: 1076:

is almost nonexistent and level crossings the norm.

5446: 5398: 5391: 5366: 5257: 5217: 4959: 3699:"National Assembly rejects express railway project" 2888: 220: 206: 196: 188: 178: 173: 163: 153: 101: 94: 84: 74: 64: 56: 51: 41: 36: 31: 4095:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 216–222. 3440:. French Defense Ministry archives. Archived from 3134:. Vol. 3. J.B. Lippincott. 1889. p. 319. 3039:Volume of passengers traffic by type of transport 3027:Volume of passengers carried by type of transport 2967:"Critics urge brakes on Vietnam's high-speed rail" 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2531:Residences directly adjacent to railway tracks in 4573:"Vietnam to build first subway with Japanese aid" 4518:"Ho Chi Minh City plans to build a metro network" 4067:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 4042:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 4017:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 3992:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 3929:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 3900:(in Vietnamese). Vietnam Railways. Archived from 381:. Two project for high-speed railway include the 341:With increased economic growth brought on by the 4847:Тяговый подвижной состав железных дорог Вьетнама 4630:. Sai Gon Giai Phong. 2010-06-02. Archived from 3186: 3184: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 1623: 1601: 3980: 3978: 3701:. VietNamNet Bridge. 2010-06-21. Archived from 3693: 3691: 3689: 3015:Volume of freight traffic by type of transport 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 3844:"Các ga trên tuyến đường sắt Hà Nội - Lào Cai" 3739: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3210: 3208: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 2581:The Da Nang branch office of Vietnam Railways. 5344: 4937: 4874:United States Army Center of Military History 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3598:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 221. 3528:United States Army Center of Military History 3503:United States Army Center of Military History 2848:"Infrastructure Maintenance and Construction" 2798: 2796: 2794: 2748:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 221. 2141:Work begins on High Speed connection to China 965:Hanoi–Dong Dang and Hanoi–Thái Nguyên lines. 8: 4114: 4112: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3523:Base Development in South Vietnam, 1965–1970 3498:Base Development in South Vietnam, 1965–1970 3071:Archives nationales d'outre-mer, carton 327. 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3382: 3380: 3172:Les chemins de fer de l'Indochine française 2324:2,169 km (1,348 mi) metre gauge ( 2308:Most existing Vietnamese railway lines use 2121:56 billion (almost 60 percent of Vietnam's 1317:Some recorded as Dong Anh – Quan Trieu line 941:, and again from December 18–29, 1972, for 848:response, the French began using the armed 5395: 5351: 5337: 5329: 4944: 4930: 4922: 4310:. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. 3655: 3653: 3539: 3537: 3405:(in French). Anai-asso.org. Archived from 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2606:be invited to invest in Vietnam Railways. 2349:178 km (111 mi) standard gauge ( 217: 4728:"Hanoi to have first metro route in 2014" 3990:(Combined Schedule for Trains R157/R158)" 3550:. Vol. 3. Rowman & Littlefield. 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 679:from 1897 to 1902. Doumer's predecessor, 247:is owned and operated by the state-owned 3808: 3806: 2526: 2135:Ho Chi Minh City–Cần Thơ express railway 2039:, connecting to the national railway at 1990:, Cambodia, was proposed as part of the 1690: 1644:Ho Chi Minh City–Cần Thơ Express Railway 1534:Ho Chi Minh City–Cần Thơ Express Railway 1493: 1483:Branch line on Yen Vien – Lao Cai line 1130: 960:spacing, effectively converting them to 415: 406:on Vietnam. According to reports by the 387:Ho Chi Minh City–Cần Thơ express railway 3193:. Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan. 1895. 3191:La Colonisation française en Indo-Chine 3041:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 3029:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 3017:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 3005:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 3003:Volume of freight by type of transport 2770: 2724: 2374:253 km (157 mi) mixed gauge ( 1728:Refurbished and extended to create the 614:, established in 1881 in what was then 4854:(in Russian) (1), 2000, archived from 4394:"High-speed train planned for Vietnam" 3573: 3563: 3147: 3137: 1383:Branch line on Yen Vien – Lao Cai line 945:, with fewer target restrictions than 808:Shortly after World War II ended, the 28: 4905:. Society of Indo-China Philatelists. 2991:2010 Report on Vietnam ("Green Book") 2471:or manual signals. These replace the 2221:; a line running from Lang Cha Ca in 2065:North–South Express Railway (Vietnam) 737:or accidents, 10,000 of these in the 7: 4886:Official Website of Vietnam Railways 4337:This Train Beats Walking (Sometimes) 4089:Xiaobing Li; Robert McMahon (2010). 3814:"Vietnam Railways Website (English)" 3592:Xiaobing Li; Robert McMahon (2010). 2742:Xiaobing Li; Robert McMahon (2010). 1525: 1100: 980:A particularly difficult target for 976:, damaged by American bombs in 1972. 952:Railway engineering troops from the 677:Governor-General of French Indochina 377:, across from the Thai rail head to 315:Governor-General of French Indochina 18:History of rail transport in Vietnam 4354:"China to bridge missing rail link" 3633:"A Brief History of Dalat Railroad" 3403:"Les chemins de fer de l'Indochine" 1642:Planned to be revived as a part of 1350:Some recorded as Luu Xa – Kep line 691:, and another connecting Hanoi and 286:lines in the north of the country. 4872:from websites or documents of the 3747:. Vietnam Railways. Archived from 3178:. 1924, t. 33, n°185. pp. 501-503. 2850:. Vietnam Railways. Archived from 1564: 361:first established in the 1930s. A 25: 4468:Times, New Straits (2021-03-21). 2969:. AFP. 2010-06-12. Archived from 1972:a railway from Saigon to Lộc Ninh 664:to Phu Lang Thuong (now known as 5382: 5312: 5303: 5302: 4868: This article incorporates 4863: 3438:Revue historique des armées #234 2658: 2644: 2630: 2616: 1027:List of railway lines in Vietnam 226: 60:2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) 3218:(in Vietnamese). Archived from 3051:Archives nationales d'outre-mer 2809:. November 2006. Archived from 2286:official development assistance 2103:official development assistance 1602:International links to Cambodia 711:were not completed until 1902. 347:official development assistance 5481:Lộ Phong–Nam Cầu Trắng railway 5270:British Indian Ocean Territory 4891:Ministry of Transport, Vietnam 3988:Bảng giờ tàu hỗn hợp R157/R158 2107:Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City line 1946:is done through the border at 547:Passenger traffic (Mpeople-km) 192:11,512 m (37,769 ft) 1: 5486:Bình Thuận–Phan Thiết railway 4782:A.Maria Toyoda (2007-08-17). 4522:International Railway Journal 3544:Ronald Bruce Frankum (2005). 3053:, carton 306, dossier U 50-3. 1165:1,726 km (1,072 mi) 861:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment 293:running between the ports of 278:, although there are several 159:2,169 km (1,348 mi) 4734:. 2009-03-31. Archived from 4608:. 2010-04-30. Archived from 4524:. 2002-05-01. Archived from 3387:Wohl, Paul (February 1953). 3110:"Indian Mail: International" 2523:Railway accidents in Vietnam 2137:is also a project underway. 799:Invasion of French Indochina 775:Indochina Expeditionary Army 668:), was established in 1895. 305:line connecting Saigon with 259:). The principal route, the 5491:Quan Triều–Núi Hồng railway 5476:Vàng Danh–Điền Công railway 5471:Diêu Trì – Quy Nhơn railway 4352:Vong Sokheng (2010-10-31). 3590:Col. Hou Zhenlu, quoted in 2131:North-South Express Railway 1866:International railway links 1799:17.5 km (10.9 mi) 1624:International links to Laos 1516:1,570 km (980 mi) 1512:North–South Express Railway 1089:North–South Express Railway 545: 513: 481: 449: 383:North-South Railway Express 5552: 5501:Yên Trạch–Na Dương railway 4304:Martin Stuart-Fox (1997). 4252:VietnamPlus (2019-01-04). 4119:Nguyen Trong Bach (1997). 3389:"INDOCHINA'S RAILROAD WAR" 2698:Rail transport in Cambodia 2520: 2497:Asynchronous Transfer Mode 2256: 2161: 2116:Vietnamese prime minister 2062: 1874: 1807:Line was left incomplete. 1397:10.5 km (6.5 mi) 1024: 954:People's Republic of China 789:in 1937, the railway into 785:From the beginning of the 546: 515:Passenger volume (Mpeople) 514: 482: 450: 5531:Rail transport in Vietnam 5506:Mai Pha–Nai Dương railway 5496:Phủ Lý–Thịnh Châu railway 5456:Bắc Hồng–Văn Điển railway 5380: 5360:Rail transport in Vietnam 5298: 4277:Khanh, Phi (2021-08-26). 3876:"Train travel in Vietnam" 3422:, Lavauzelle, 1997, p. 73 3084:. Ho Chi Minh City Museum 2694:State Railway of Thailand 2265:Vietnamese Prime Minister 2085:National railway company 1992:Kunming–Singapore Railway 1937:Kunming–Singapore Railway 1676:100 km (62 mi) 1653:394 km (245 mi) 1614:103 km (64 mi) 1572:Ho Chi Minh City–Vũng Tàu 1465:4.1 km (2.5 mi) 1219:163 km (101 mi) 1192:296 km (184 mi) 1041:Long Biên Railway Station 927:Operation Rolling Thunder 225: 216: 169:178 km (111 mi) 32:Rail transport in Vietnam 5423:Hanoi–Quán Triều railway 5019:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4846: 4705:. railway-technology.com 4655:. Railway-technology.com 4653:"Ho Chi Minh City Metro" 3516:Carroll H. Dunn (1991). 3491:Carroll H. Dunn (1991). 3432:Alexis Neviaski (2004). 3242:"Vietnam and the French" 2049:Thakhek - Tân Ấp railway 1824:15 km (9.3 mi) 1650:Lào Cai–Ha Noi–Hai Phong 1592:129 km (80 mi) 1575:110 km (68 mi) 1555:127 km (79 mi) 1538:139 km (86 mi) 1364:11 km (6.8 mi) 1273:102 km (63 mi) 1246:106 km (66 mi) 1105:Ho Chi Minh City–Moc Bai 787:Second Sino-Japanese War 660:) gauge line connecting 359:Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm railway 5466:Khe Sim–Cửa Ông railway 5428:Hanoi–Đồng Đăng railway 5280:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4953:Rail transport in Asia 3962:"Description du Réseau" 3391:. cCatskillarchive.com. 3374:, Jean-Philippe Liardet 2708:Rail transport in China 2263:In July 2008, the then- 1956:Gia Lâm Railway Station 1927:, since it can also be 1885:to the Chinese city of 1852:31 km (19 mi) 1775:20 km (12 mi) 1749:30 km (19 mi) 1730:Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway 1720:31 km (19 mi) 1634:87 km (54 mi) 1430:7 km (4.3 mi) 1331:57 km (35 mi) 1300:75 km (47 mi) 943:Operation Linebacker II 634:. The first railway in 483:Freight traffic (Mt-km) 5461:Phố Lu–Pom Hán railway 5418:Hanoi–Haiphong railway 4870:public domain material 4703:"Hanoi Metro, Vietnam" 3174:. Arnaud Georges. In: 2704:Rail transport in Laos 2679:Ho Chi Minh City Metro 2599: 2582: 2536: 2495:Since 1998, microband 2455: 2305: 2300:A level crossing near 2164:Ho Chi Minh City Metro 2158:Ho Chi Minh City Metro 2153:Subways and light rail 2082: 2079:Taiwan High Speed Rail 2033:Tân Ấp Railway Station 1881:The railway link from 1877:Yunnan–Vietnam Railway 1059: 1043: 977: 921: 918:Operation Linebacker I 844: 782: 722: 697:Yunnan–Vietnam Railway 681:Jean Marie de Lanessan 603: 408:Asian Development Bank 256: 5413:Hanoi–Lào Cai railway 4571:M.Vong (2007-04-10). 3526:. Washington, D. C.: 3501:. Washington, D. C.: 3176:Annales de Géographie 2684:Gia Lam Train Company 2580: 2569:to redirect traffic. 2530: 2449: 2299: 2129:However, the project 2072: 2000:Dĩ An Railway Station 1448:Isolated Line since 1067:Operational realities 1049: 1034: 971: 915: 865:French Foreign Legion 834: 772: 717: 593: 90:0 km (0 mi) 80:0 km (0 mi) 70:0 km (0 mi) 5536:Transport in Vietnam 5194:United Arab Emirates 4916:Detailed Railway Map 4852:Железные дороги мира 4152:"Lịch Sử Phát Triển" 2715:Notes and references 2674:Transport in Vietnam 2554:Villanova University 2482:colour light signals 2233:; a line connecting 1897:). The railway used 939:Operation Linebacker 594:Inauguration of the 363:high-speed rail link 5433:Kép–Hạ Long railway 5408:North–South railway 5221:limited recognition 4821:La Régordane. 1990. 4423:www.talkvietnam.com 3960:Sébastien Schramm. 2939:. ASEAN. 2007-09-26 2502:fiber-optic network 2231:Bình Thạnh District 2037:Quảng Bình Province 2008:Bình Phước Province 2002:, and would end in 1996:North–South Railway 1976:First Indochina War 1158:North-South Railway 1014:Sino–Vietnamese War 843:used by the French. 810:First Indochina War 701:North–South Railway 586:Colonial beginnings 451:Freight volume (kt) 264:North-South Railway 5438:Kép–Lưu Xá railway 4918:. Daumaytoaxe.com. 4896:2014-11-28 at the 4827:Eisenbahningenieur 4680:. 18 February 2009 4241:on April 14, 2018. 3677:2011-01-13 at the 3666:2011-01-13 at the 3370:2012-02-05 at the 2600:Đường sắt Việt Nam 2583: 2573:Railway management 2537: 2456: 2306: 2241:with Can Giuoc in 2205:and Tham Luong in 2083: 1942:Railway access to 1457:Tien Kien–Lam Thao 1389:Tien Kien–Bai Bang 1060: 1044: 990:Thanh Hóa Province 978: 922: 882:Quảng Trị Province 845: 783: 723: 604: 369:on a rail line to 330:troops during the 257:Đường sắt Việt Nam 242:railway system in 5518: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5326: 5325: 5263:other territories 4817:Hulot, Frédéric. 4606:VietnamNet Bridge 4425:. 4 November 2021 4307:A history of Laos 4235:www.xinhuanet.com 4102:978-0-8131-2592-3 3745:"Railway Network" 3605:978-0-8131-2592-3 3336:. Lonely Planet. 2755:978-0-8131-2592-3 2604:foreign investors 2478:Semaphore signals 2469:automatic signals 2447: 2223:Tân Bình District 2172:network to serve 1970:originally built 1952:Lạng Sơn Province 1863: 1862: 1684: 1683: 1487: 1486: 1293:Hanoi–Thái Nguyên 1052:diesel locomotive 935:Lyndon B. Johnson 622:project, linking 578: 577: 238: 237: 234: 233: 16:(Redirected from 5543: 5396: 5386: 5374:Vietnam Railways 5353: 5346: 5339: 5330: 5316: 5306: 5305: 5275:Christmas Island 4961:Sovereign states 4946: 4939: 4932: 4923: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4841: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4579:. Archived from 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4549:. Archived from 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4349: 4343: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4237:. Archived from 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4208:. Archived from 4202: 4196: 4195: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4154:. Archived from 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4132: 4126:. Archived from 4125: 4116: 4107: 4106: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4001: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3957: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3820:. Archived from 3818:Vietnam Railways 3810: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3783: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3741: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3695: 3684: 3683: 3657: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3629: 3610: 3609: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3561: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3384: 3375: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3327: 3308: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3269: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3240:Sanderson Beck. 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3212: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3179: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3135: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3106: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2973:on June 16, 2010 2963: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2938: 2930: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2890: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2844: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2808: 2800: 2760: 2759: 2729: 2689:Vietnam Railways 2668: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2652:Transport portal 2649: 2648: 2640: 2635: 2634: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2587:Vietnam Railways 2552:researcher from 2448: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2377: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2327: 2211:Bến Thành Market 2203:Bến Thành Market 2191:Bến Thành Market 2174:Ho Chi Minh City 2099:Ho Chi Minh City 2087:Vietnam Railways 2045:Hà Tĩnh Province 1984:Ho Chi Minh City 1918: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1900: 1691: 1551:Da Lat–Thap Cham 1494: 1356:Pho Lu–Xuan Giao 1131: 1123:, respectively. 1097:Ho Chi Minh City 1074:grade separation 986:Thanh Hóa Bridge 984:bombers was the 974:Thanh Hóa Bridge 893:South Vietnamese 759:Transindochinois 727:Long Bien Bridge 721:, built in 1902. 719:Long Bien Bridge 659: 657: 656: 652: 649: 641: 416: 328:South Vietnamese 324:North Vietnamese 272:Ho Chi Minh City 266:running between 249:Vietnam Railways 230: 218: 148: 146: 145: 141: 138: 130: 125: 123: 122: 118: 115: 107: 46:Vietnam Railways 42:National railway 29: 21: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5510: 5442: 5387: 5378: 5362: 5357: 5327: 5322: 5294: 5262: 5253: 5234:Northern Cyprus 5220: 5213: 4955: 4950: 4912: 4898:Wayback Machine 4882: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4824: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4765: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4738:on 12 June 2009 4726: 4725: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4637: 4635: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4584: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4531: 4529: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4500: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4403: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4335: 4331: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4262: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4184: 4181:Wayback Machine 4174: 4170: 4161: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3999: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3945: 3936: 3934: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3907: 3905: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3862: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3812: 3811: 3804: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3763: 3754: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3717: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3687: 3682:(in Vietnamese) 3681: 3679:Wayback Machine 3668:Wayback Machine 3658: 3651: 3642: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3613: 3606: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3572: 3562: 3558: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3385: 3378: 3372:Wayback Machine 3361: 3357: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3329: 3328: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3255: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3182: 3170: 3159: 3146: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3096: 3087: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2951: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2866: 2857: 2855: 2846: 2845: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2772: 2763: 2756: 2741: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2710:(1.435mm gauge) 2666:Railways portal 2664: 2659: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2622: 2615: 2612: 2575: 2542:level crossings 2525: 2519: 2511: 2493: 2465: 2439: 2437: 2428: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2402:3 ft 2401: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2380:4 ft 2379: 2375: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2355:4 ft 2354: 2350: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2330:3 ft 2329: 2325: 2294: 2281: 2268:Nguyễn Tấn Dũng 2261: 2255: 2166: 2160: 2155: 2143: 2118:Nguyen Tan Dung 2091:high-speed rail 2089:has proposed a 2067: 2061: 2059:High-speed rail 1913: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1903:3 ft 1902: 1898: 1879: 1868: 1712:Phủ Lạng Thương 1689: 1610:Mụ Giạ–Vung Ang 1526:High-speed rail 1524:Cancelled, See 1492: 1450:Da Lat–Trai Mat 1423:Da Lat–Trai Mat 1324:Thái Nguyên–Kép 1212:Hanoi–Đồng Đăng 1129: 1101:High-speed rail 1082: 1069: 1029: 1023: 947:Rolling Thunder 887:Throughout the 767: 654: 650: 647: 645: 644:1 ft 643: 639: 588: 583: 419:Transport type 395: 143: 139: 136: 134: 133:4 ft 132: 128: 127: 120: 116: 113: 111: 110:3 ft 109: 105: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5549: 5547: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5452: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5333: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5310: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4900: 4888: 4881: 4880:External links 4878: 4861: 4860: 4842: 4822: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4798: 4774: 4749: 4716: 4691: 4665: 4644: 4615: 4612:on 2010-09-03. 4593: 4563: 4538: 4509: 4485: 4460: 4435: 4410: 4398:New York Times 4382: 4365: 4344: 4340:New York Times 4329: 4316: 4296: 4284: 4269: 4244: 4222: 4197: 4194:. 17 May 2021. 4168: 4143: 4108: 4101: 4081: 4056: 4031: 4006: 3974: 3943: 3914: 3889: 3860: 3835: 3802: 3761: 3715: 3685: 3649: 3611: 3604: 3583: 3556: 3533: 3508: 3483: 3480:on 2007-09-27. 3465: 3462:on 2007-09-30. 3447: 3444:on 2007-11-01. 3424: 3412: 3409:on 2010-10-29. 3394: 3376: 3355: 3342: 3309: 3300: 3288: 3253: 3232: 3216:"Ga Hải Phòng" 3204: 3195: 3180: 3157: 3121: 3094: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3019: 3007: 2995: 2983: 2949: 2916: 2864: 2826: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2701: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2655: 2641: 2638:Vietnam portal 2627: 2611: 2608: 2574: 2571: 2521:Main article: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2492: 2491:Communications 2489: 2464: 2461: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2372: 2347: 2314:standard gauge 2293: 2290: 2280: 2279:Infrastructure 2277: 2257:Main article: 2254: 2251: 2227:Van Thanh Park 2195:Suoi Tien Park 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2142: 2139: 2063:Main article: 2060: 2057: 2016: 2015: 1964: 1963: 1933:standard gauge 1873: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1657:Standard gauge 1654: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1588:Dĩ An–Lộc Ninh 1584: 1583: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1542:Standard gauge 1539: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1522: 1520:Standard gauge 1517: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1491: 1490:Proposed lines 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1345:Standard gauge 1342: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1266:Hanoi–Haiphong 1262: 1261: 1258: 1256:Standard gauge 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1081: 1078: 1068: 1065: 1039:locomotive in 1022: 1019: 1001:Fall of Saigon 982:U.S. Air Force 958:standard gauge 931:U.S. Air Force 874:Geneva Accords 867:). Use of the 850:armoured train 841:armoured train 766: 763: 741:Valley alone. 602:tramway, 1881. 587: 584: 582: 579: 576: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 544: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 512: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 480: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 448: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 400:European Union 394: 391: 319:Yunnan–Vietnam 280:standard gauge 236: 235: 232: 231: 223: 222: 214: 213: 210: 204: 203: 200: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 182: 176: 175: 171: 170: 167: 165:Standard gauge 161: 160: 157: 151: 150: 103: 99: 98: 92: 91: 88: 82: 81: 78: 72: 71: 68: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 43: 39: 38: 34: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5548: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5392:Railway lines 5390: 5385: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5309: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5244:South Ossetia 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4858:on 2007-08-16 4857: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4829:(in German), 4828: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4802: 4799: 4785: 4778: 4775: 4764:on 2017-07-20 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4704: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4634:on 2010-06-15 4633: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4583:on 2012-03-08 4582: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4564: 4553:on 2012-07-12 4552: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4528:on 2010-06-01 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4461: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4436: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4355: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4319: 4317:0-521-59746-3 4313: 4309: 4308: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4270: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4212:on 2021-09-11 4211: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4158:on 2010-07-10 4157: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4133:on 2011-06-08 4129: 4122: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4085: 4082: 4071:on 2010-04-07 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4046:on 2009-09-13 4045: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4021:on 2010-05-29 4020: 4016: 4010: 4007: 3996:on 2010-05-05 3995: 3991: 3989: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3963: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3933:on 2010-05-10 3932: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3915: 3904:on 2010-12-14 3903: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3850:on 2010-05-02 3849: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3824:on 2008-05-10 3823: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3751:on 2010-04-18 3750: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3705:on 2010-06-28 3704: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3639:on 2016-11-07 3638: 3634: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3587: 3584: 3579: 3567: 3559: 3557:0-7425-4302-1 3553: 3549: 3548: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3390: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3345: 3343:9781742203898 3339: 3335: 3334: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3243: 3236: 3233: 3222:on 2010-12-14 3221: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3141: 3133: 3132: 3125: 3122: 3111: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2984: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2906:on 2011-09-28 2902: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2854:on 2010-04-14 2853: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2816:on 2011-06-07 2812: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2628: 2625: 2624:Trains portal 2619: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2579: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2516: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2460: 2453: 2434: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2398:1,000 mm 2376:1,435 mm 2373: 2351:1,435 mm 2348: 2326:1,000 mm 2323: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2298: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272:rapid transit 2269: 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