44:
2245:. Accordingly, pursuant to such agreement, the Reid Commission, consisting of constitutional experts from fellow Commonwealth countries and headed by, a distinguished Lord-of-Appeal-in-Ordinary, was appointed to make recommendations for a suitable constitution. The report of the Commission was completed on 11 February 1957. The report was then examined by a working party appointed by the British Government, the
2070:
2131:
of 1874 between the Sultan of Perak and the
British, the Sultan was obliged to accept a British Resident. Hugh Low, the second British Resident, convinced the Sultan to set up advisory Council of State, the forerunner of the state legislative assembly. Similar Councils were constituted in the other
2210:
with its own elected chairman. Each of the states had its own
Executive Council and Council of States to deal with all matters not specifically reserved to the Federation. The Federal Government was responsible for defence, the police, and the railways, labour, broadcasting, post and finance. This
2154:
where
Constitutions had already been in place since 1895 and 1911 respectively. The Rulers were also required to distinguish the legislative power in their respective states from the executive power, by constituting a legislative body, called the Council of State and State Executive Council whose
2265:
In the United
Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957, together with the Orders in Council made under it. The Federation of Malaya Independence Act, 1957 passed by the British Parliament gave parliamentary approval to Her Britannic Majesty
2299:
In the
Federation, the Federal Constitution Ordinance 1957, passed on 27 August 1957 by the Federal Legislative Council of the Federation of Malaya formed under the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948. The new constitutions of the Federation as well as
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The
Federation of Malaya Agreement that served as the core for the current federal system of central government was concluded as a compromise to the much-opposed. The Federation consisted of the (FMS), the Unfederated Malay States as well as
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The
Constitution came into force on 27 August 1957 but formal independence was only achieved on 31 August however. The constitutional machinery devised to bring the new constitution into force consisted of:
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Originally playing an advisory role, the function of the council was later extended to include both legislative and executive functions. This continued until 1948 when the
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with the advice and concurrence of the traditional chiefs and elders of the states promulgated their respective State
Constitutions except for
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768:
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1959:
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The federal government comprised the High
Commissioner, an Executive Council and Legislative Council. The agreement also provided for a
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1948 Constitution remained in force with some essential amendments, until 1957 when the
Federation of Malaya gained its independence.
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The Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957, made on 5 August 1957 between the British High Commissioner on behalf of Queen and the
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The conference proposed the appointment of a commission to devise a constitution for a fully self-governing and independent
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The State Agreement was of great significance to Malaysia's constitutional development. By virtue of this agreement, the
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from 18 January to 6 February 1956 when the British promised Independence and self-government to the
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2234:) and three other ministers, and also by the British High Commissioner in Malaya and his advisers.
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Wu Min Aun (2005).The Malaysian Legal System, 3rd Ed., pp. 47 and 48.: Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
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was formed by two agreements, namely the State Agreement and the Federation of Malaya Agreement.
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and all powers and jurisdiction in respect of the Malay States or the Federation as a whole.
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was laid on 10 September 1877. It began with the first meeting of the Council of State in
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to terminate her sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of the Straits Settlements of
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Malay states as and when they came under British protection.
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Report by the Federation of Malaya Constitutional Conference
42:
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The Federal Constitution was significantly amended when
2311:
In each of the Malay states, State Enactments, and in
2284:. The Agreement contained the new Constitution of the
2257:was enacted on the basis of its recommendations.
2123:first started to assert their influence in the
2397:"Sorry! This Site is Currently Not Available!"
2353:"Sorry! This Site is Currently Not Available!"
2331:, and Singapore joined the Federation to form
2308:were given the force of law by the Ordinance.
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8:
2226:, consisting of four representatives of the
2222:. It was attended by a delegation from the
2099:
2085:
17:
2241:. This proposal was accepted by and the
2230:, the Chief Minister of the Federation (
2214:A constitutional conference was held in
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1670:1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak
31:
20:
7:
2155:advice he was required to obtained.
1960:2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack
1760:2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia
2437:See the Malaysia Act (Act 26/1963)
1600:Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire
1520:Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident
14:
1770:Attacks against places of worship
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1730:2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods
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1590:Penang terminal bridge collapse
575:Separation of Perlis from Kedah
2288:(and the new constitutions of
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1:
2464:Political history of Malaysia
1710:2002 Taman Hillview landslide
765:Japanese occupation of Malaya
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1870:Kim Jong-nam's Assassination
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1029:North Borneo self-governance
1800:Genting Highlands bus crash
1780:Cameron Highlands bus crash
1480:AIA building hostage crisis
1450:Ligitan and Sipadan dispute
1399:Philippine militant attacks
1204:Federal Territory of Labuan
1134:Declaration of Rukun Negara
1124:National Operations Council
1089:Second communist insurgency
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2249:and the Government of the
1930:2022 Batang Kali landslide
1244:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
2459:Legal history of Malaysia
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1610:Bright Sparklers disaster
1510:Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash
1490:National Monument bombing
1460:Kuala Lumpur flash floods
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999:Singapore self-governance
910:Crown Colony of N. Borneo
525:Siamese invasion of Kedah
2454:Constitution of Malaysia
2383:4 September 2012 at the
2113:Constitution of Malaysia
1880:Darul Quran madrasa fire
1700:2001 Kampung Medan riots
1620:Highland Towers collapse
1317:Pakatan Harapan takeover
719:Unfederated Malay States
311:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2183:while the non-FMS were
2167:. The FMS consisted of
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1920:2021-22 Malaysia floods
1900:2020-21 Malaysia floods
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1850:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
1830:2014–15 Malaysia floods
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2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2102:
2097:
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2079:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2054:
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2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:MH17 incident
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
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1773:
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1768:
1767:
1763:
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1758:
1757:
1753:
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1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1668:
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1663:
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1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
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1633:
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1628:
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1623:
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1618:
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1608:
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1563:
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1548:
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1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
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1428:
1427:
1423:
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1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:Brunei revolt
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1305:
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1297:
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1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:Modern period
1103:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
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1052:
1050:
1047:
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1037:
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1027:
1026:
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997:
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986:
978:
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965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:Malayan Union
932:
931:
927:
925:
922:
921:
917:
915:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
897:
896:BMA of Malaya
894:
893:
885:
884:
874:
872:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
858:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
842:
839:
838:
834:
832:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
812:
809:
808:
804:
802:
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
782:
779:
778:
773:
770:
766:
762:
761:
753:
752:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
677:
676:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
650:
646:
643:
642:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
626:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
606:
603:
602:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
586:
583:
582:
578:
576:
573:
572:
568:
566:
563:
562:
558:
556:
553:
552:
548:
546:
545:Burney Treaty
543:
542:
538:
536:
533:
532:
528:
526:
523:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
496:
495:Dutch Malacca
493:
492:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
476:
473:
472:
464:
463:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:Reman Kingdom
438:
437:
433:
431:
430:Setul Kingdom
428:
427:
423:
421:
420:Besut Kingdom
418:
417:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
398:
395:
394:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
335:
332:
331:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
312:
309:
308:
301:
299:
296:
295:
287:
286:
276:
274:
271:
270:
266:
264:
261:
260:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
244:
241:
240:
237:424–775
236:
234:
231:
230:
223:
221:
220:Gangga Negara
218:
217:
213:
211:
208:
207:
203:
201:
198:
197:
193:
191:
190:Ancient Kedah
188:
187:
179:
178:
168:
166:
160:
159:
155:
149:
148:
144:
138:
137:
134:
132:
131:
127:
126:
122:
120:
119:Niah cultures
114:
113:
110:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
96:
90:
89:
82:
80:
74:
73:
70:
68:
67:
63:
62:
57:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
37:
30:
25:
19:
16:
2433:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2322:
2282:Malay Rulers
2259:
2243:Malay Rulers
2236:
2228:Malay Rulers
2213:
2205:
2157:
2144:Malay Rulers
2141:
2134:
2119:, where the
2110:
2034:Kuala Lumpur
1988:
1474:1972–present
1404:1962–present
1304:1MDB scandal
964:Baling Talks
861:Si Rat Malai
767: /
756:World War II
669:North Borneo
128:
104:
64:
15:
2044:George Town
1999:Immigration
1039:Konfrontasi
194:<100 BCE
99:235,000 BCE
66:Paleolithic
33:History of
2448:Categories
2339:References
2197:Terengganu
2152:Terengganu
1690:Sauk Siege
1357:Green Wave
831:Sook Ching
605:Larut Wars
555:Naning War
378:1516– 1902
253:Old Pahang
210:Langkasuka
145:16,000 BCE
106:Mesolithic
2335:in 1963.
2022:By region
1924:2021–2022
1834:2014–2015
1734:2006–2007
1674:1998–1999
1540:Dawn Raid
1454:1969–2002
1424:1967–2009
1389:1962–1966
1377:Incidents
1351:2021–2023
1341:2020–2022
1331:2020–2022
1288:2009–2010
1278:1998–2022
1268:1997–1998
1238:1987–1988
1178:1979–2008
1148:1971–1990
1128:1969–1971
1093:1968–1989
1073:1963–1965
1043:1963–1966
1023:1962–1990
1013:1960–2012
958:1948–1960
948:1948–1963
938:1946–1948
928:1946–1963
918:1946–1963
904:1945–1946
875:1943–1944
865:1943–1945
855:1942–1945
795:1941–1942
785:1941–1942
775:1941–1945
723:1909–1946
703:1895–1946
693:1894–1905
683:1891–1895
673:1882–1946
653:1874–1946
639:1875–1876
635:Perak War
619:1867–1874
615:Klang War
609:1861–1874
599:1857–1863
589:1848–1946
569:1841–1946
559:1831–1832
529:1821–1826
519:1786–1946
509:1770–1881
499:1641–1824
489:1601–1661
479:1511–1641
454:1839–1864
444:1810–1902
434:1808–1916
424:1780–1899
401:1599–1641
368:1496–1903
358:1470–1623
348:1450–1899
338:1402–1511
315:1267–1521
273:Majapahit
263:Srivijaya
243:Old Kedah
130:Neolithic
2381:Archived
2333:Malaysia
2253:and the
2193:Kelantan
2173:Selangor
2009:Military
1994:Economic
1977:By topic
1009:ISA 1960
257:449–1454
35:Malaysia
24:a series
22:Part of
2406:20 June
2362:20 June
2329:Sarawak
2056:Sarawak
1363:present
1310:present
1197:present
1189:Spratly
914:Sarawak
413:present
390:present
327:present
304:present
233:Pan Pan
2424:
2317:Penang
2313:Melaka
2306:Melaka
2302:Penang
2294:Melaka
2290:Penang
2275:Penang
2271:Melaka
2216:London
2189:Perlis
2177:Pahang
2165:Melaka
2161:Penang
2039:Penang
900:Borneo
841:Syburi
769:Borneo
649:Borneo
200:Chi Tu
162:
151:
140:
116:
92:
76:
26:on the
2325:Sabah
2266:Queen
2201:Johor
2185:Kedah
2169:Perak
2148:Johor
2125:Malay
2117:Perak
2051:Sabah
2029:Kedah
2004:Legal
1361:2022–
1308:2015–
1195:1980–
411:1766–
388:1528–
325:1368–
302:1136–
277:1300s
2422:ISBN
2408:2023
2364:2023
2315:and
2304:and
2292:and
2273:and
2199:and
2179:and
2163:and
2150:and
1964:2024
1954:2024
1944:2023
1934:2022
1914:2021
1904:2021
1894:2018
1884:2017
1874:2017
1864:2016
1854:2015
1844:2015
1824:2014
1814:2014
1804:2013
1794:2011
1784:2010
1774:2010
1764:2009
1754:2008
1744:2007
1724:2004
1714:2002
1704:2001
1694:2000
1684:2000
1664:1996
1654:1996
1644:1995
1634:1995
1624:1993
1614:1991
1604:1989
1594:1988
1584:1987
1574:1986
1564:1985
1554:1985
1544:1981
1534:1977
1524:1977
1514:1976
1504:1976
1494:1975
1484:1975
1464:1971
1444:1969
1434:1967
1414:1964
1321:2018
1298:2014
1258:1993
1248:1989
1228:1987
1218:1985
1208:1984
1168:1977
1158:1974
1138:1970
1118:1969
1083:1967
1063:1963
1053:1963
1033:1963
1003:1959
993:1957
968:1955
845:1942
835:1942
825:1942
815:1942
805:1942
743:1915
733:1914
713:1909
663:1879
629:1874
579:1843
549:1826
539:1824
2450::
2399:.
2355:.
2327:,
2296:).
2203:.
2195:,
2191:,
2187:,
2175:,
2171:,
647:/
225:c.
84:c.
2428:.
2410:.
2366:.
2100:e
2093:t
2086:v
1401:)
1397:(
1191:)
1187:(
912:/
898:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
