155:, in particular, became the spokesman for the representatives, who had demanded that the Jews deserved extended rights with increased integration. in 1835, the Grand Duke abolished all special charges against the Jews. As late as 1862, there was fierce resistance in Freiburg, especially against the freedom of movement. The merchants in particular wanted to keep the banning of the Jews in Freiburg, which had existed since 1425 and confirmed in 1809, in fear of competition. In a petition to the state parliament, it was said that
171:
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36:
120:
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On 1 December 1948, the city and state carried out a settlement with the Jewish community, according to which the city would remain the owner of the former synagogue site. In return, the city undertook a restoration of the Jewish cemetery, the walled-in cemetery and the building of a guard house with
303:
In 1953, the rabbis of the Jewish community, supported by the French military, set up a prayer room on
Holbeinstraße 25. The number of Jews living in Freiburg in 1968 was 225. On 16 June 1985, the foundations were laid for a new synagogue, which was opened on 5 November 1985. It was built near the
143:
in 1782. The patent formally lifted the existing "Jewish laws" but there were still restrictions on Jewish people's everyday lives. Although Jews were now allowed to attend higher schools and universities, they were still not considered as full-time citizens in
Freiburg. In 1809, the city council
59:
from the
Emperor, but the taxes paid were not enough for them, meaning that Count Konrad II had amassed 400 silver marks in debts in 1326. Probably because of this dependence, Konrad, alongside his co-ruling son Friedrich, issued a comprehensive writ of protection for the city's inhabitants on 12
189:
at
Freiburg's City Hall. On 17 March, between 4 and 5 o'clock, the Social Democratic and Jewish parliamentary representative Christian Daniel Nußbaum was arrested, who then fatally injured a police officer with a shot through the apartment door. In the course of events, the publishing house of
264:
Numerous "Stolpersteine" were installed across
Freiburg as a way of recollecting those taken to the camps. The project "Vordtriede-Haus Freiburg" is devoted to the journalist Käthe Vordtriede and her children who had emigrated. She was the first female journalist of the newspaper
67:
When, in 1348, the plague spread across the territory of the German Reich, the writ of protection suddenly no longer applied. On 1 January 1349, before the plague had spread to the Upper Rhine, suspicious Jews were arrested in
Freiburg at the instigation of the city council for
161:
Between 1869 and 1870, the Old
Synagogue was built according to plans set out by Georg Jakob Schneider in Rempartstraße (later Werthmannplatz, now the Platz der Alten Synagoge). In 1870, the Jewish Cemetery in Freiburg was first used and is still in use to this day.
103:(no Jews may set foot in Freiburg ever again). Jews were only allowed to stay in Freiburg with the aid of a municipal court and an hourly fee. From 1411 onwards, Jews were accepted again in Freiburg, but during the time of the imperial city (1415-1527), King
151:, who recognized the constitutional monarchy as a learned political scientist, had taken office, the state parliament debated about the emancipation of the Jews. There was however resistance to the debates of 1831 in the second chamber.
304:
minster on land which the city had provided free of charge. The city paid over one million
Deutschmarks for the construction costs, the state provided a further 3.5 million out of the 7 million Deutschmarks required.
228:
78:
with the exception of pregnant women, all Jews living in
Freiburg were burned on the Friday before Candlemas Day on 31 January due to their misdeeds and murders, which they had instigated and admitted to
216:, who threw 16,000 freshly printed newspapers onto the street and tried to light them. Journalist and Social Democrat Käthe Vordtriede thereby lost her job. On 18 March, all local organisations of the
99:
against
Christians in distant Bavaria, on 4 July 1401, the city council, after consulting Duke Leopold, announced the expulsion of all Jews from the pulpits. The councillors solemnly signed the decree
257:
On 22 October 1940, as across Baden, the deportation of the Jews took place in Freiburg in accordance to the framework set out by the Wagner-Bürckel campaign. They were originally taken to
83:
In 1360, the city council allowed the Jews to resettle, but there was great uncertainty and at the request of the city on 14 September 1394, the Austrian landlord, Duke
285:
On 7 September 1945, a Jewish worship service took place in Freiburg for the first time in five years. For this purpose, the city provided a room at the
470:
Dieser Schritt wurde von Karl von Rotteck kritisiert, der dafür war, den 'bisherigen Rechtszustand beizubehalten', so: Astrid Fritz, Bernhard Thill:
629:
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624:
584:
530:
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by the National Socialists quickly spread through Freiburg. On 6 March, the Nazis, without the consent of Mayor Karl Bender, hoisted the
217:
296:
On 11 November 1947 the city made former city councilor, Robert Grumbach, the deputy for all Jews in Freiburg, an honorary citizen.
479:
458:
437:
232:
182:
72:. Whilst being tortured, most of them denied the allegations and accused Jews from other areas through mortal fear. After a
136:
104:
148:
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assigned a Jewish inn to the Jews in Grünwälderstraße. The inn's first tenant was the first Jewish citizen of Freiburg.
84:
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91:
and jackets. They also prohibited the wearing of liturgical colours such as red and green and prohibited them from
243:
242:
on 10 November 1938, the Old Synagogue went up in flames. Subsequently, 100 men aged 18 or older were taken to
564:
170:
272:
231:. On 31 March 1933, SPD city councillor Robert Grumbach also resigned his mandate for the same reason. The
315:
At present, the Orthodox Israeli community in Freiburg has about 750 active members. Alongside this, the
266:
251:
191:
307:
322:
258:
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128:
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On 28 March 1933, the Jewish SPD city councillor Max Mayer resigned his mandate as a result of the
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52:
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21:
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founded in Freiburg at the end of 1945, had its headquarters located on Hansjakobstraße 8.
186:
39:
Former Old Freiburg Synagogue ca. 1869/78 which was destroyed on 10 November 1938 during
606:
Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
316:
203:
96:
69:
224:, including their auxiliary and subsidiary organisations, were dissolved in Freiburg.
618:
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40:
24:
when, at the site of today's Wasserstraße and Weberstraße, there was reference to a
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56:
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near the Spanish border in France and then later to the extermination camps.
269:. In the city district of Rieselfeld, a street was named after her in 2003.
29:
379:
Von Schutz und Autonomie zur Verbrennung und Vertreibung: Juden in Freiburg
35:
119:
80:. The children of those who had been executed were forced to be baptised.
519:
Die Geschichte des Freiburger Gemeinderats unter dem Nationalsozialismus.
276:
Stolpersteine for the Abraham and Grumbacher families, Eisenbahnstraße 66
73:
25:
353:
Auf Jahr und Tag: Freiburgs Geschichte im Mittelalter. Vortragsreihe
472:
Unbekanntes Freiburg. Spaziergänge zu den Geheimnissen einer Stadt.
451:
Unbekanntes Freiburg. Spaziergänge zu den Geheimnissen einer Stadt.
430:
Unbekanntes Freiburg. Spaziergänge zu den Geheimnissen einer Stadt.
321:
306:
271:
169:
118:
34:
229:
Provisional Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich
508:
Verlag Armbruster, Brändle, Hubert, Freiburg im Breisgau 1989.
319:
Jewish Chawurah Gescher community is also active in Freiburg.
235:
was only followed halfheartedly by the citizens of Freiburg.
349:
22. Februar 1424 – Die Juden werden aus der Stadt vertrieben
135:
The situation regarding the Jews only changed when Emperor
506:
Verfolgung, Widerstand, Neubeginn in Freiburg 1933-1945.
174:
Commemorative plaque „Wagner-Bürckel“ campaign at the
76:
took place at the beginning of January 1349 in Basel,
87:, issued an order stating that all Jews had to wear
389:Bd. 1, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, S. #.
326:Monument to the murdered Jews at the Wiwilí bridge
131:(in southern France) in the form of a traffic sign
523:Neue Reihe des Stadtarchivs Freiburg im Breisgau.
107:officially confirmed the decree of 1401 with the
417:Achthundert Jahre Freiburg im Breisgau 1120–1920
238:As in many places across Germany, during the
8:
517:Ulrich P. Ecker, Christiane Pfanz-Sponagel:
398:Berent Schwineköper und Franz Lauenberger:
602:"Jewish Community of Freiburg Im Breisgau"
400:Geschichte und Schicksal Freiburger Juden
62:in order to avert damages from the Counts
560:
558:
556:
101:dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol
589:Gedenkbuch der Synagogen in Deutschland
544:Als die Synagogen im Breisgau brannten.
373:
371:
369:
335:
343:
341:
339:
291:Israeli Rural Community of South Baden
181:At the end of January 1933 in Berlin,
351:. In: Jürgen Dendorfer u.a. (Hrsg.):
7:
311:Käthe-Vordtriede-Weg in Rieselfeld
115:Enlightenment and the 19th century
14:
233:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
198:, was stormed by members of the
630:History of Freiburg im Breisgau
495:Husum Verlag, Husum 1987, S. #.
474:Rombach Verlag, Freiburg 2005,
453:Rombach Verlag, Freiburg 2005,
432:Rombach Verlag, Freiburg 2005,
18:History of the Jews in Freiburg
573:Synagogen in Baden-Württemberg
449:Astrid Fritz, Bernhard Thill:
428:Astrid Fritz, Bernhard Thill:
419:. Herder, Freiburg 1920, S. #.
157:we are become a nest for Jews.
32:was located at 6 Weberstraße.
1:
625:Jewish German history by city
387:Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg
149:Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
579:. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007,
491:Diethard H. Klein (Hrsg.):
55:had acquired the lucrative
51:From as early as 1310, the
646:
355:. Rombach, Freiburg 2013,
287:Historical Merchants' Hall
127:of Freiburg's Jews to the
244:Dachau concentration camp
95:. As a result of news of
575:. Band 2: Joachim Hahn:
504:Hans und Inge Kaufmann:
385:, Hans Schadek (Hrsg.):
176:Platz der alten Synagoge
493:Freiburg. Ein Lesebuch.
347:Heinrich Schwendemann:
577:Orte und Einrichtungen
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312:
277:
183:the seizing of control
178:
132:
43:
404:Freiburger Stadthefte
325:
310:
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252:immigration detention
246:north of Munich for "
192:Volkswacht (Freiburg)
173:
122:
38:
548:Freiburger Almanach.
259:Gurs internment camp
141:Patent of Toleration
129:Gurs internment camp
542:Wolf Middendorff:
328:
313:
278:
248:protective custody
179:
166:National Socialism
133:
53:Counts of Freiburg
44:
20:dates back to the
585:978-3-8062-1843-5
531:978-3-89155-336-7
415:Peter P. Albert:
361:978-3-7930-5100-8
300:a cemetery hall.
109:Eternal Expulsion
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610:
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525:Heft 21). 2008,
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153:Karl von Rotteck
123:Memorial to the
22:Late Middle Ages
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406:6). 1963, S. #.
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377:Peter Schickl:
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139:proclaimed the
117:
97:ritual killings
49:
47:The Middle Ages
12:
11:
5:
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196:People's Guard
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147:In 1830, when
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70:well poisoning
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45:
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10:
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569:Jürgen Krüger
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550:30, 67, 1979.
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480:3-7930-0879-7
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459:3-7930-0879-7
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438:3-7930-0879-7
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383:Heiko Haumann
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363:, S. 123-142.
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240:Kristallnacht
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213:Der Stahlhelm
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187:Swastika flag
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60:October 1338
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42:
41:Kristallnacht
37:
33:
31:
28:. In 1328, a
27:
23:
19:
605:
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588:
576:
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565:Joachim Hahn
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281:Modern times
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50:
17:
15:
317:egalitarian
125:deportation
93:Easter Week
89:Jewish hats
619:Categories
587:, S. 131 (
331:References
267:Volkswacht
85:Leopold IV
57:Schutzjude
591:. Band 4)
482:, S. 45f.
461:, S. 45f.
137:Joseph II
111:in 1424.
105:Sigismund
30:synagogue
533:, S. 20.
440:, S. 45.
583:
529:
478:
457:
436:
359:
289:. The
250:" and
74:pogrom
26:ghetto
381:. In
200:NSDAP
194:, or
581:ISBN
546:In:
527:ISBN
476:ISBN
455:ISBN
434:ISBN
402:(=
357:ISBN
220:and
210:and
16:The
521:(=
222:KPD
218:SPD
64:.
621::
604:.
571::
567:,
555:^
368:^
338:^
254:.
208:SS
206:,
204:SA
202:,
608:.
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