Canton of Bern - Knowledge

6564: 119: 2491: 2416: 1669:, which provided for arbitration in disputes. They entered into another treaty in 1393 with the Valais. In 1401, Count Rudolph of Gruyère entered into a treaty with Bern which included Saanen. Two years later Saanen and Château-d'Œx negotiated their own alliances with Bern. Due to the Bernese alliance, Saanen sent troops, under their own banner, to support the Bernese invasions of Aargau in 1415 and Valais in 1418. The military losses and taxes following the Old Zürich War led Saanen to support the Evil League ( 2784:(CHF) per month (US$ 890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$ 500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$ 700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$ 830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$ 1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010, was 1.19%. 1619: 1877:, the "merciful lords", as the small number of noble families now ruling Bern came to be called. In 1605 there were 152 families that were qualified to rule, by 1691 that number was only 104, while towards the end of the 18th century there were only 69 such families. Meanwhile, the land ruled by the town was extending over more and more territory, so that finally it governed 52 bailiwicks. These offices became very lucrative as the Bernese territories grew. Patrician 2169: 95: 824: 2058: 959: 1275: 1263: 6147: 109: 1299: 7471: 144: 2326: 1677: 1283: 1905: 1064: 1291: 1469:) allowed Bern to move against the Habsburgs in Aargau. After the Bernese laid siege to Burgdorf, Neu-Kyburg was forced to concede an unfavourable peace. Bern bought Thun and Burgdorf, the most important cities of Neu-Kyburg, and their remaining towns passed to Bern and Solothurn by 1408. The last of the Neu-Kyburgs, Berchtold, died destitute in Bern in 1417. 4731: 4601: 709: 641:

period, increasing forest cover restricted the movement of hunters, fishers and gatherers. Their temporary settlements were built along lake and marsh edges, which remained free of trees due to fluctuations in water level. Important mesolithic sites in the Canton are at Pieterlenmoos and Burgäschisee

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is known around the world. In the Bernese Midlands the lands are more fertile. Agriculture is of great importance, but this part of the canton is also the most industrialized. Small and middle-sized businesses are important employers in this part of the canton of Bern. There is a nuclear power plant

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The whole area is very mountainous, with steep cliffs, many glaciers, and countless waterfalls. It is renowned for its scenic beauty and the charm of the small Swiss villages that dot the area. As a result of this, tourism is one of the main sources of income in the Bernese Oberland. The region also

1516:) from the Habsburgs. In the same year, Fribourg accepted Berns acquisition of the Iselgaus, i.e. the area between Lake Biel and the Seeland. Over the next several decades Bern continued to expand to the detriment of the Habsburgs and Fribourg. They acquired the following towns: 1391 Simmenegg, 1399 1409:

and Bern drew closer to the Swiss Forest Cantons. It entered into a permanent or eternal alliance with Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden in 1353. This date is usually considered the date of Bern's entrance into the Swiss Confederation; however, the alliance only indirectly tied Bern to Zürich and Lucerne.

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and Weissenburg under their control. Bern's continued expansion was at the expense of the feudal lords in the surrounding lands. In 1339 the Habsburgs, Kyburgs and Fribourg, marched against Bern with 17,000 men and besieged the border town of Laupen. To raise the siege, Bern raised a force of 6,000,

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was also founded in 600. In the Seeland and Aare valleys, wooden churches were first built during the Merovingian period. The current churches in Kirchlindach, Oberwil bei Buren and Bleibach were all built above the ruins of these early churches. About 30 churches in the Bern and Solothurn portions

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In 2008, the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the canton, 292,559 or about 30.6% were

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found that the proportion of German native speakers to be 85.1%, that of French speakers 10.4%, and that 3.1% were Italian speakers. The number of Romansh speakers was too small to accurately estimate, but was around 0.1%. The census also reported that 2.9% of the population spoke English as their

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became more common, many of the burial mounds were over 30 m (98 ft) in diameter and 4 m (13 ft) high and richly outfitted with grave goods. In a grave mound in Bützberg the first burial in the mound was followed by several later burials. Often, several grave mounds combined to

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The age distribution of the canton in 2014 was as follows: those from 0–19 years old made up 19.1% of the population, while those aged 20–64 years old were 60.9%, and those 65 and older comprised. The 2000 census had found these groups to represent 22%, 60.9% and 17.1% of the total, respectively.

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The grave goods show that iron was forged into swords, daggers, spearheads, knives and wagon accessories. Gold, which was probably collected from river sand, was made into diadems, rings and pendants. Thin bronze arm, leg and neck plates with geometric designs were often buried, especially in the

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In December 2020, Bern had a population of 1,043,132. In 2014, 15.0% of the population were resident foreign nationals. From 2010 to 2014, the population increased at a rate of 3.0% annually. In 2000, most of the population spoke German (804,190 or 84.0%) as their first language; French was the

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town and the surrounding district to Bern in exchange for not having to pay one-third of their income to Bern. In the treaty of Fribourg from 1476, Fribourg received rights over the Aigle district, which they gave up to Bern in 1483. Bern rebuilt Aigle Castle in 1489 and made it the seat of the

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The religious practices of the local population merged with Roman beliefs and the Canton of Bern is home to a number of unique cult centers. They include the larger than life statues of gods (including enthroned Jupiter) at Petinesca, Engehalbinsel, and Thun-Allmendingen; and a number of stone

4710:, and there were 71,233 individuals (or about 7.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 807 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish, and 28,377 (or about 2.96% of the population) who were Muslims. There were 2,662 individuals who were 1960:

Within the new canton of Oberland, historic borders and traditional rights were not considered. As there had been no previous separatist feeling amongst the conservative population, there was little enthusiasm for the new order. The situation in the canton of Léman was quite different. The

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The area of the canton is 5,959 km (2,301 sq mi). Of this area, 6.9% is occupied with houses, businesses or roads. 42.6% of the canton is agricultural land, and 31.3% is forested. Less than 19.2% is considered non-productive, which includes glaciers, cliffs and lakes.

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of the Aare valley were created over ruins of Roman villas and subsequent burial grounds in the 7th century (including Meikirch and Oberbipp). In Mett, the church was built over a 5th-century mausoleum, which was built over a 4th-century tomb. In 700, six sarcophagi were buried on

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During the Burgundian War in 1475, Saanen, together with troops from Château-d'Œx and the Simmental captured the Savoy district of Aigle for Bern. Saanen and the surrounding district enjoyed a great deal of independence during the 16th century. However, in 1555 the last

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at Bern-Engehalbinsel, there were studios for glass and ceramic production, and iron working achieved a high level of skill, along with craftsmen who worked in wood, leather and goldsmithing. There was a nearby place of worship in the Bremgarten wood, and cemeteries at

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and the Habsburg Austrian nobility. In 1300, the city acquired the four surrounding parishes of Bolligen, Vechigen, Stettlen and Muri, destroyed the threatening castles of Bremgarten and Belp and gave the Baron of Montenach Bernese citizenship. After the victory of

1226:, confirmed Bern's imperial immediacy. However, in 1285 he imposed an imperial tax which drove the city to support Rudolph's enemies. Although it withstood two sieges by the Emperor in 1288, after the defeat at Schosshalde in 1289 it had to pay taxes and a penalty. 5674: 1089:

Burgundy's influence reached across most of modern Switzerland. They established royal courts at Bümpliz, Münsingen, Uetendorf, Wimmis, Kirchberg and Utzenstorf to allow them to govern the Aare valley. Later, the Aare valley moved toward closer ties with the

2120:, some of the foothills of the Bernese Alps, as well as the plain around the capital Bern, and has many small farms and hilly forested regions with small to mid-sized towns scattered throughout. It is perhaps best known by foreigners and visitors for the 1658:, who engaged in a famous debate at the cathedral of Lausanne; but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it. Vaud was another French-speaking region in the mostly German-speaking canton, which caused several uprisings. 911:, which was probably known as Brenodor or Brenodurum. At the foot of the Jens mountain, the fort Petinesca was built to guard the roads over the Jura Mountains. This was reinforced in the late-Roman era (368–369 CE) by a fortified bridge over the 1222:. During the mid-13th century, the Empire's presence weakened in the Aare valley, forcing the local nobles to find allies to protect themselves. Bern entered into a number of treaties with its neighbors in the 13th century. In 1274, the Emperor 1045:

along the old transit route through the Pierre Pertuis Pass. By the 9th or 10th century, this abbey had property and influence all the way to Lake Biel and into the Balsthal valley. The first monastic cells of what would become the Abbey of

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overlord) moved into the Oberland. The nobles also began to found monasteries to spread their power into the Oberland. During the period between 1070 and 1150, at least ten large monasteries were founded by local nobles. These include; the

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of the canton of Bern. This seven-member collegial body is elected by the people for a period of four years. The cantonal constitution reserves one seat in the Executive Council for a French-speaking citizen from the Bernese Jura.

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In the Middle Ages, upwards mobility and access to public offices was relatively easy for successful traders and craftsmen, but Bernese society became ever more stratified and aristocratic as the power and wealth of the city grew.

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minorities. These churches also have state church status, and the small Jewish community is similarly recognised by law. As everywhere in Switzerland, there are also significant religious communities of immigrants, including

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were appointed Rector or delegate of the king in Burgundy. Their hopes for a new, independent Burgundy were dashed in 1156, and the last Zähringen count, Berchtold V, embarked on a program of city founding. The cities of

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born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 339,659 or 35.5% who were born in the same canton, while 154,709 or 16.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 129,864 or 13.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

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were all established before the new faith made inroads into the valley. The Aare valley was bordered by three dioceses; Lausanne, Constance and Basel. However, the first Christian missionaries came into the valley from

5671: 997:, the political structure of the Franks had spread into parts of what became Switzerland. In 762/778 the County of Aargau was founded, followed in 861 by the County of Oberaargau and in 965 the County of Bargen. The 3350:(33.6% in 2007 vs 29.0% in 2011). The SPS retained about the same popularity (21.2% in 2007), the BDP moved from below fourth place in 2007 to third and the GPS moved from below fourth place in 2007 to fourth. 4741:

Tourism is the main source of income in the Bernese Oberland. Other important sectors are agriculture (especially cattle breeding), cheese making, and hydroelectric power generation. The Bernese cheese

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There were 454,000 private households in the canton in 2014, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. As of 2013, the construction rate of new housing units was 4.4 new units per 1000 residents.

1121:. The Bishops of Basel and Lausanne remained loyal to King Henry IV, and took the Rheinfelden lands in Oberaargau and the upper Aare valley. After Rudolf's death in 1090, his lands went to his son, 1873:, citizenship had become an inherited prerogative, all political bodies elected one another and officials were elected for life. In effect, public offices were now the exclusive prerogative of the 1369:. Bern's support of Eberhard, their resulting expansion into the Oberland and their alliance with the Forest Cantons brought the city into conflict with the Habsburgs during the 14th century. The 724:(800–450 BCE) to abandon settlements along many waterways and in the valley floors and move to the plateaus and hills. With increased trade contacts across the Alps, the cultural influence of the 7506: 1665:. Both districts had quite a bit of independence and often entered into treaties against the will and best interests of the Counts. In 1340 the Saanen valley concluded a peace treaty with the 1417:

to Bern. However, in 1367 he sold it, without repaying Bern, to his cousin Rudolf IV of Nidau. After Rudolf's death (1375) Bern acquired clear right to the Aarberg lands from the other heirs.

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In 2000, there were 397,095 people who were single and never married in the canton. There were 449,014 married individuals, 61,206 widows or widowers and 49,882 individuals who are divorced.

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Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz, Mutationsmeldungen 2009 / Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse, Mutations 2009 / Elenco ufficiale dei Comuni della Svizzera, Mutazione 2009

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lost both districts to Bern when his county went bankrupt. Bern took over the entire Saanen valley in the following year and introduced the Protestant Reformation. They incorporated the

4853: 1211:(Count Saugern around 1130). However, in 1191 the Oberland barons revolted against Berchtold V of Zähringen and many of the Oberland barons were killed in the battle of Grindelwald. 1896:

led a revolt against Bern, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudois by the German-speaking Bernese, and was subsequently beheaded.

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had called for French intervention in liberating the area and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the

544:-speaking, and has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 1,043,132. The largest city, Bern, is also the seat of the federal government of Switzerland. Other major cities are 1338:

and the surrounding lands as collateral for a loan. In 1324, Bern acquired the pledged castle and lands. When the Emperor was unable to repay the loan, Laupen became the first

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happened relatively peacefully. One exception was the Battle of Wangen in 610, but elsewhere it generally was a slow process of cultural infiltration. By the 7th century, the

1552:(rural alpine communities). However, throughout the Late Middle Ages, the Oberland, as a whole or in part, revolted several times against Bernese authority. The Evil League ( 1451:

By the 1370s, the Kyburgs (which still held Thun as a fief for Bern) were deeply in debt to Bern. On 11 November 1382, Rudolf II of Neu-Kyburg made an unsuccessful raid on

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in 1032 allowed the Salian kings to acquire the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and with it the Aare valley. As a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the valley was involved when the

465:, Bern is the second-largest canton by both surface area and population. Located in west-central Switzerland, it is surrounded by eleven cantons. It borders the cantons of 2591: 780:(450−1st century BCE) is indicated by a sudden change of style in the metalworking and ceramic industries. Numerous graves (from unknown settlements), along with the two 1961:

French-speaking Vaudois had never felt like part of the German-speaking Canton of Bern. When they joined the Swiss Confederation in 1803, it was as the Canton of Vaud.

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in 843 put the border between Central and Eastern Frankish Empires at the Aare, and divided the Aare region in half. The population west of the Aare generally spoke a

1972:. When the Helvetic Republic collapsed in 1803, Saanen and its district became a district in the new Canton of Bern while Château-d'Oex and its district joined Vaud. 1544:

By 1400, Bern controlled the entire Bernese Oberland. Under their control, the five valleys of the Oberland enjoyed extensive rights and far-reaching autonomy in the

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in Erlach (Fenis family in 1100), Trub (Lords of Lützelflüh before 1130) and Rüegsau (possibly also the Lords of Lützelflüh in first half of the 12th century), the

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and Bützberg. Most of the knowledge about the Hallstatt culture in the Canton comes from graves. The only discovered settlement is around Blanche Church in

7408: 6521: 5474: 350: 337: 6841: 6383: 4795:). Of the 121,749 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.0% were Swiss men, 24.8% were Swiss women, 6.2% were non-Swiss men and 4.0% were non-Swiss women. 4761:

As of 2015, Bern had an unemployment rate of 2.58%, compared to the Swiss national average of 3.3%. As of 2013, there were 34,200 people employed in the

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comes from this region's forests and pastures, of hilly and low mountainous countryside in the 1,000 to 2,000 m (3,300 to 6,600 ft) range.

6992: 5993: 4707: 4663: 4047: 4773:, with 55,347 businesses in this sector. Of the working population, 31.0% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.0% used a private car. 6775: 5597: 4814: 4254: 4754:

The area around Lake Biel is renowned for its wine production. The 3 French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura and the bilingual district of

2259:. In the Western Bernese Oberland there are many other resorts and small villages catering to visitors. These are accessed from the lake town of 1587:. However, in 1350 a period of crises and conflicts led to a decline in the number of monks and nuns and increasing debt. In 1348, the people of 769:

coal. At Münchringen, the grave pottery was both shaped by hand or thrown on a potter's wheel, and was painted with multi-colored ornamentation.

4635:), although it is autonomous in its governance and is organised along democratic principles. The canton is also home to a great number of small 7511: 7078: 6836: 3519: 3335: 2625: 1886: 1749:

The area of the canton of Bern consists of lands acquired by the city of Bern mostly between the 14th and the 16th century during the original

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and Hartmann II of Neu-Kyburg started fighting with each other over who would inherit the family's lands around Thun. The fighting led to the "

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Under the Romans, many of the old fortified places were expanded and refortified. The old Helvetii oppidum at the Engehalbinsel became a Roman

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settlers had already taken most of the good locations southeast of the Aare and they began moving up the Aare to the regions of Lake Thun and

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graves at Allenlüften in Mühleberg, at Ins and at Bützberg. The jewelry that was buried included bracelets and rings which were also made of

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The official blazon specifies that the tongue, claws and penis are red—and by extension it is important to always depict the bear as male.

3784: 2646: 212: 2312: 1488:. While Bern was not involved at Sempach they took advantage of the Austrian weakness to march into the Oberland in 1386, followed by the 5808: 6499: 4786: 4655:, were founded or co-founded by Bernese emigrants to the United States. Two small Evangelical political parties are represented in the 1931: 7206: 6796: 6546: 6393: 3837: 2570: 2499: 462: 4718:

and 913 individuals who belonged to another church. 74,162 (or about 7.75% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or

1615:. The tenants of the Monastery who had expected the abolition of all owed debts, responded by rioting, which was suppressed by Bern. 853:

of the Romans. Under increasing Roman influence, the local economy and trade flourished. The main settlements lay at the foot of the

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Bern still remained the largest canton of the confederacy from 1815 to 1979, when parts of the Bernese Jura broke away to form the

1189:(Count of Hochburgund-Mâcon in the late 11th century), Hettiswil (1107), Röthenbach im Emmental (Lords of Rümligen or Signau), the 7226: 7060: 6908: 6419: 5763: 4695:

have, as elsewhere in Switzerland, caused a public stir due to vocal opposition from local conservative and evangelical leaders.

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second most common (72,646 or 7.6%) native language and Italian was the third (18,908 or 2.0%). There were 688 people who speak

2443:, has 12 seats guaranteed and 3 seats are guaranteed for the French-speaking minority of the bilingual district of Biel/Bienne. 7496: 7398: 7154: 7140: 7123: 7033: 6985: 6816: 6541: 5935: 4766: 1984: 1433: 1017: 7376: 7256: 7241: 6980: 6975: 6965: 6955: 6826: 6526: 4770: 2705: 1603:, which ended in defeat for Unterwalden and its allies. By 1472, Bern was the patron of the Monastery. During the Protestant 1021: 5568: 5539: 4758:

are renowned for their watch industry and its mechanical industry (high precision machine tools, automation and machining).

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Throughout the 14th century, Bern entered into alliances and treaties with many of its neighbors, including members of the

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which was discovered in Grächwil. Burial rituals and social classes became more developed during this time. The so-called

1646:. However, as the power of the Savoys declined at the beginning of the 15th century the land was occupied by troops from 946:

inscriptions. At the beginning of the 5th century CE, Rome withdrew its troops from the Rhine garrisons, but allowed the

7053: 6831: 6479: 6474: 6388: 4706:(or about 0.96% of the population), there were 1,064 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the 4307: 3625: 2734:: (as of 2014) both German (85.1% of the population) and French (10.4%) are spoken. The German-speaking majority speaks 1477: 1243: 1122: 1118: 838: 832: 229: 7304: 7294: 7251: 7221: 7191: 7176: 7113: 6933: 6881: 6846: 6611: 6412: 5715: 5693: 3347: 3327: 2436: 108: 94: 5868: 7461: 7231: 7038: 6938: 6886: 6506: 6469: 4872:"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit" 4098: 3343: 2603: 2046: 1078: 663: 7366: 7216: 7201: 7181: 6464: 5782: 2447: 2076:

and its tributaries. The area of the canton is commonly divided into six regions. The most populated area is the

2015: 1693: 247: 7329: 7196: 7133: 7118: 6903: 6821: 6758: 6572: 6511: 4782: 4639:

Christian denominations unaffiliated with the state church. Bernese evangelical groups are mostly found in the

3678: 2671: 2641: 2544: 2490: 2415: 1870: 1860: 1165:. Nobles from the Holy Roman Empire began to marry into the local noble families and a number of the Zähringen 216: 6362: 2466:

The canton has a two-tiered court system, consisting of district courts and a cantonal Supreme Court (German:

1357:" where Eberhard killed his brother Hartmann. To avoid punishment by his Habsburg overlords, Eberhard fled to 458:

capital of Switzerland. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background.

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Party fragmented, part remained in a coalition with the FGA and the remainder formed the Green Party of Bern

3572: 3331: 2586: 1976: 1750: 1638:. Then, in 1032 the Zähringens of Germany defeated the Burgundians, who were then replaced by the counts of 1313: 1110: 1106: 594: 6563: 7434: 7427: 7281: 7246: 7108: 7043: 7021: 6811: 6791: 6704: 6684: 6634: 6619: 6456: 6439: 6086: 6071: 6016: 5958: 5641: 2750:. In the cantonal government and administration, both languages are official languages of equal standing. 2536: 2532: 2459: 1086: 1029: 626: 474: 367: 82: 2080:

on the plateau north of the Alps, with the capital city of Bern. The northmost part of the canton is the

7334: 7299: 7211: 7065: 7002: 6624: 6484: 6021: 4699: 4656: 4624: 4208: 3943: 3579: 2759: 2633: 2616: 2424: 2160:, has more relaxed geography, although still some lower mountains and some waterfalls, and large lakes. 2137: 1799: 1729:

for five-year periods. Aigle and Grandson were the first French speaking regions in the Canton of Bern.

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and Bern were all founded by Berchtold V. When he died without an heir, the Zähringen lands went to the

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villages that existed between 3800 and 2950 BC. One of the oldest examples of bread from Switzerland, a

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The earliest traces of a human presence in the area of the modern Canton is found in three caves in the

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native language. Respondents could choose up to three native languages, leading to a total above 100%.

1841: 1436:, in 1367–68. The bishop marched south and destroyed Biel along with a number of towns in the southern 1182: 4647:, where they have a long tradition; several contemporary North American religious groups, such as the 2512: 1055:

next to a Roman temple complex. A wooden monastery was built over the complex in the 8th–9th century.

509:. The geography of the canton includes a large share of all three natural regions of Switzerland: the 7443: 7393: 7371: 7271: 7186: 6806: 6699: 6330: 6101: 4575: 3632: 3420: 2654: 2620: 1818: 1734: 1572: 1497: 1473: 1365:, its castle and the land surrounding Thun to Bern. Bern then granted the land back to Eberhard as a 1223: 1072: 725: 618: 584: 986:. All areas west of the Aare belonged to the romanised Burgundian kingdom, which became part of the 7314: 7048: 6709: 6358: 6171: 6136: 6096: 4769:

and there were 11,925 businesses in this sector. Approximately 453,800 people were employed in the

4613: 4314: 3791: 3738: 3473: 2692: 2599: 2574: 2548: 1618: 1484:, troops from Zürich, Lucerne and the Forest Cantons marched out and defeated the Austrians at the 1250:

in the battle of Mühldorf (Bavaria) in 1322, Bern entered an alliance with the anti-Habsburg Swiss

987: 630: 494: 470: 1983:, two years later, with the abolition of the Helvetic Republic and the partial restoration of the 7475: 7448: 7381: 7088: 6960: 6950: 6654: 6350: 6334: 6041: 2688: 2650: 2637: 2252: 2105: 2077: 2027: 1969: 1942: 1814: 1718: 1635: 1525: 1247: 1219: 1013: 994: 842: 678: 498: 478: 6338: 2168: 1965: 1950: 777: 696:

has been found on the dried out lake bed, it was part of lake village near Twann, a stone-lined

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and about 11,563 businesses involved in this sector. About 132,800 people were employed in the

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Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton

5459: 5104: 5001: 4871: 4702:, while 153,357 or 16.0% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 9,153 3685: 2696: 2675: 2658: 2582: 2578: 2540: 2333: 2256: 2145: 2057: 1935: 1923: 1913: 1642:

in 1218. Under the counts of Savoy the area was given political unity, and established as the

1631: 1557: 1485: 1267: 1208: 1201: 1091: 1006: 975: 958: 721: 674: 567:, the canton of Bern entered an alliance with the Swiss Forest Cantons in 1323 and joined the 564: 502: 1125:. He and his son, Berchtold III, tried to use these lands to expand their power. In 1127 the 17: 7361: 7349: 6970: 6749: 6714: 6664: 6659: 6644: 6354: 6346: 6091: 6051: 6046: 6026: 5985: 3844: 3526: 3413: 2755: 2700: 2565: 2089: 1980: 1927: 1738: 1722: 1714: 1600: 1406: 1389: 1370: 1158: 1154: 1095: 1042: 1038: 1002: 998: 971: 742: 526: 506: 486: 435: 427: 5464: 2116:

The Bernese Mittelland (Bernese Midlands) is made up of the valley of the rivers Aare, the

1575:

grew to become the largest landholder in the region. The Monastery controlled the towns of

1274: 1262: 6342: 6326: 6307: 5792: 5767: 5745: 5722: 5700: 5678: 5543: 4829: 4644: 4360: 4261: 4201: 2713: 2561: 2528: 2248: 2042: 2009: 1721:, Charles' forces retreated and the Bernese retook Grandson. After Charles' defeat at the 1710: 1685: 1461: 1346: 1238: 1186: 1143: 1052: 935: 877: 650:, the Toteisbecken (Lobsigensee, Moossee, Burgäschisee and Inkwilersee) and along rivers ( 580: 541: 537: 419: 411: 68: 53: 4722:, and 37,059 individuals (or about 3.87% of the population) did not answer the question. 3361:

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the federal elections, 1971–2019

2435:) is the parliament of the canton of Bern. It consists of 160 representatives elected by 1444:

in 1375, there were several battles between Bernese troops and English mercenaries under

798:) along with silver and bronze coins first start to appear during this era. A sword with 5739:

Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850–2000

1634:

were the next area into which Bern expanded. The region had originally been part of the

7354: 7319: 7007: 6674: 6601: 6061: 4819: 4791: 4636: 4105: 2735: 2345: 2197: 2153: 2085: 2038: 2031: 1643: 1608: 1437: 1378: 1099: 1025: 889: 854: 799: 738: 717: 682: 510: 482: 466: 343: 143: 5760: 2325: 2136:

In the north of the canton lies the predominantly French-speaking Three Lakes Region (

1892:

In Vaud the Bernese occupation was not popular amongst the population. In 1723, Major

1725:, Grandson became a shared territory between Bern and Fribourg. Each city appointed a 1298: 7485: 7344: 7309: 6945: 6744: 6729: 6596: 6494: 6131: 6116: 5976: 5967: 5822: 5469: 4824: 2524: 2381: 2316: 2228: 2172: 2111: 1893: 1806: 1580: 1331: 1251: 1166: 773: 762: 754: 518: 490: 1650:. By 1536 the area was completely annexed. Reformation was started by co-workers of 7339: 7261: 6312: 6251: 6166: 5096: 4628: 4616: 4585: 3897: 2743: 2739: 2725: 2440: 2308: 2268: 2240: 2189: 2117: 2081: 2066: 2019: 1885:, ruled the politically powerless countryside, often using armed force to put down 1697: 1676: 1655: 1529: 1501: 1328: 1198: 1194: 939: 897: 885: 787: 514: 234: 6241: 4748: 4691:. As of 2006, the plans to expand a backyard mosque in Langenthal with a symbolic 4623:

Most Bernese are Protestant (as of 2000, 67%), and most Protestants belong to the

4590:

Gules, on a bend or, a bear passant sable, langued, armed and vilené of the field.

3346:(9.4%). The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the 2742:

dialect. French-speakers live in the western and northern part of the canton, the

1282: 1126: 812: 5576: 5536: 2780:

In 2003, the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern city was 1108.92

2215:

The well known hiking and ski resorts in the eastern Oberland are located around

1611:

received a financial settlement and the properties were now managed by a Bernese

7289: 7070: 6649: 6435: 6317: 6196: 6031: 5847: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5075: 5069: 5063: 4781:

In Bern about 385,640 or (40.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory

4755: 2781: 2747: 2557: 2506: 2363: 2300: 2232: 2152:, which rises from the plain up to the northernmost Swiss mountain chain of the 2149: 2023: 1964:

Under the Helvetic Republic, Pays-d'Enhaut with Château-d'Œx became part of the

1941:

In 1798, with the establishment of the Helvetic Republic, Bern was divided, the

1662: 1651: 1627: 1622:

Map of the modern Canton of Vaud, which was annexed by Bern from 1536 until 1798

1604: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1561: 1493: 1425: 1354: 1190: 1175: 1047: 983: 947: 893: 693: 634: 549: 447: 356: 311: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5036: 5030: 5024: 4956: 4950: 4944: 3334:

which received 29.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the

1904: 1294:

The districts of the Bernese Aargau before the creation of the Canton of Aargau

7093: 6591: 6276: 6201: 6181: 4899:"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle" 4743: 4734: 4652: 2629: 2612: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2329: 2284: 2264: 2216: 2193: 2179: 2125: 1592: 1571:

In the Bernese Oberland during the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century

1405:, Weissenbur and Oberhasli). The allied Bernese forces were victorious at the 1350: 1215: 1205: 1063: 881: 869: 750: 690: 638: 553: 4898: 172: 159: 6689: 6302: 6266: 6076: 5897: 4785:, and 121,749 or (12.7%) have completed additional higher education (either 4703: 4054: 4003: 3950: 2731: 2304: 2276: 2272: 2244: 2157: 2141: 2062: 1765: 1706: 1666: 1513: 1509: 1452: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1339: 919: 873: 865: 850: 686: 647: 643: 614: 552:. The canton is also renowned for its numerous Alpine resort towns, notably 533: 123: 4854:

Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen

2439:

for four-year terms of office. The French-speaking part of the canton, the

2220: 2196:

within the canton of Bern. The highest mountain in the Bernese Alps is the

1545: 1290: 1009:. The region between the rivers Saane and Aare became the language border. 4878:(in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020 1556:) in 1445 fought against Bernese military service and taxes following the 1401:

consisting of Bernese, supported by the Forest Cantons, and other allies (

1214:

During the 13th century a number of the cities near Bern were granted the

7324: 6694: 6226: 6206: 6081: 4834: 4715: 4711: 4672: 4640: 4156: 2595: 2393: 2357: 2351: 2236: 2209: 2205: 2121: 1954: 1847: 1780: 1521: 1413:

In 1358 the cash-strapped Count Peter II of Aarberg pawned the County of

1374: 1234: 979: 846: 795: 791: 622: 327: 1536:, 1412 Oltigen and in 1413 (together with Solothurn) Bipp and Bechburg. 637:

settlement at Moosbühl in Moosseedorf. During the warmer climate of the

6719: 6669: 6404: 6236: 6231: 6221: 6106: 6056: 5478:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 795. 4978: 4730: 4719: 4692: 2684: 1957:

as its capital were detached from what was left of the Canton of Bern.

1882: 1612: 1533: 1481: 1414: 912: 807: 766: 746: 589:

List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Bern

5809:

Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)

4600: 1926:, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the 6739: 6724: 6629: 6286: 6256: 6246: 6216: 6211: 6121: 6111: 6011: 4581: 2667: 2292: 2288: 2224: 1830: 1810: 1786: 1759: 1717:

retook the castle and executed the Bernese garrison. In 1476, at the

1689: 1517: 1505: 1441: 1385: 1335: 1178: 1170: 1135: 1034: 990: 931: 782: 729: 557: 5287: 1979:

proposed reuniting the Oberland with Bern, but it was not until the

708: 642:

lake along with alpine valleys at Diemtig and Simmental. During the

5281: 5275: 5140: 2200:

at 4,274 m (14,022 ft), but the best known mountains are

689:

from 3560 to 3530 BC, came from one of these villages. A preserved

6271: 6176: 6161: 5922: 5463: 5134: 5128: 4729: 4688: 4648: 4599: 4525:"*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton. 2489: 2414: 2369: 2324: 2201: 2167: 2056: 1903: 1795: 1701: 1675: 1639: 1617: 1297: 1289: 1281: 1273: 1261: 1185:(Lords of Rümligen in 1072), Münchenwiler (Wiler family in 1080), 1162: 1161:

were divided into a number of small counties, each with their own

1062: 957: 930:) of a Roman villa have been discovered. The villas at Münsingen, 908: 822: 707: 670: 360: 2746:. Both German and French are spoken in the bilingual district of 2092:

is the mountainous region which lies in the south of the canton.

1384:

In 1334, Bern fought with the Barons of Weissenburg and occupied

1012:

Christianity spread slowly into the Aare valley. The dioceses of

6734: 6191: 6186: 6126: 5596:(Report). Federal Statistical Office. 2009. nden. Archived from 5212: 4668: 4609: 4605: 2709: 2280: 2260: 2073: 1946: 1824: 1726: 1709:

of Aigle. Also in 1475, the Confederation attacked and captured

1647: 1565: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1147: 1139: 970:, the transition from the Gallo-Roman dominated population to a 967: 697: 655: 651: 545: 522: 451: 200: 6408: 5931: 5206: 5200: 1560:, in 1528 the Oberland rose up in resistance to the Protestant 6281: 2795: 1696:, who were allied with Bern, attacked and burned the tower of 1077:

During the 10th century, the Aare valley came fully under the

1968:

while Saanen and the rest of the district became part of the

5638:"Regional comparison of selected indicators (Cantons)Kanton" 1480:

invaded eastern Switzerland. When they besieged the city of

646:

period, there were a number of settlements on the shores of

2792:

The historical population is given in the following chart:

2482:) as well as other specialised courts and judicial boards. 2339: 1741:

with Château-d'Œx into the new Bernese district of Saanen.

5761:

Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Elections in Switzerland

1392:

in the Oberland. Bern's victory allowed them to bring the

1113:

broke out in 1056. In 1077, the Regent of Burgundy, Count

918:

A number of Roman villas were built around the Canton. At

5569:"Gerichte und Strafverfolgungsbehörden des Kantons Bern" 1755:

Acquired districts, with dates of acquisition, include:

1661:

Both Château-d'Œx and Saanen were part of the county of

633:. The first open-air settlement in the area is an upper 4698:

From the 2000 census, 607,358 or 63.5% belonged to the

1492:(the region south of the Jura Mountains containing the 1218:

and appointed mayors and city councils. Bern became an

7459: 5517: 597:

in 1353. Between 1803 and 1814 it was one of the six

5511: 5505: 5439: 5367: 5101:

A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages Vol.2

2687:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2653:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2632:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2615:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2598:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2577:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2527:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 629:. These caves were used at various times during the 389: 7280: 7153: 7020: 6868: 6784: 6610: 6584: 6571: 6455: 6371: 6295: 6154: 6004: 5829:. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 20 October 2019 5433: 5427: 5361: 5355: 5251: 4662:Bern features substantial Roman Catholic (16%) and 1599:. Bern responded with a military expedition to the 1302:

Districts of the Canton of Bern in the 18th century

728:grew in the area. Evidence of this trade include a 384: 376: 366: 349: 336: 326: 318: 307: 302: 294: 286: 281: 273: 268: 254: 240: 227: 222: 206: 196: 188: 37: 7507:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages 5640:. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Archived from 5328: 5245: 5239: 5176: 2474:). There is also an administrative court (German: 2307:, with the highest train station in Europe at the 2072:The canton of Bern is mainly drained by the river 962:Burgundian and Allamanni lands between 534 and 843 5811:(Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. 5322: 5316: 5170: 5164: 4957: 1508:in 1389. In the peace agreement of 1389 Bern got 1204:in Interlaken (Oberhofen family in 1130) and the 1067:Lands held by the main noble families around 1200 864:The existing roads were expanded, especially the 4951: 4945: 1424:. Bern entered into a series of agreements with 1117:, declared himself as an anti-king against King 489:. East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of 5858: 5856: 4681:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2299:has an extensive train network as well as many 1680:Siege and execution of the garrison at Grandson 669:One of the best explored neolithic sites is at 5716:Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices 4998:Making Archaeology Happen: Design Versus Dogma 1992:Between 1803 and 1814 Bern was one of the six 1783:and other towns in the Bernese Oberland (1400) 1105:The succession dispute following the death of 790:, mark the population centers during the late 700:had been dug near the preserved boat in 1874. 677:). In the Twannbach delta there were about 25 6420: 5943: 5076: 4866: 4864: 4862: 1607:, the Monastery was secularized in 1528. The 1428:, which led to a conflict with Biel's ruler, 1361:. In the following year, he sold the town of 1169:families (unfree knights in the service of a 473:to the north. To the west lie the cantons of 8: 5491:, Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland. 5070: 5064: 5055: 5053: 4979:"Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps" 4897:Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). 4515:FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009 2670:, made up of all of the former districts of 60: 45: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5659: 2712:, made up of all of the former district of 2560:, made up of all of the former district of 2322:Mountains in the Bernese Oberland include: 2287:and the Saanenland with the famous resorts 1777:Unterseen and the Upper Simme valley (1386) 712:Helveto-Roman settlement Bern-Engehalbinsel 277:5,959.59 km (2,301.01 sq mi) 7404:Cultural Property of National Significance 7159: 7026: 6874: 6581: 6577: 6427: 6413: 6405: 5950: 5936: 5928: 5672:STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 5346: 5344: 3357: 2799: 2419:The Grand Council, the cantonal parliament 884:, was added to the traditional three; the 660:Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps 658:). Several of these sites are part of the 34: 5863:Federal Department of Statistics (2004). 5307: 5305: 5303: 5230: 5228: 5037: 4535:Part of a coalition with Separatist Party 2564:and about half of the former district of 1548:(farming cooperative municipalities) and 1286:The Swiss Confederacy in the 18th century 5694:Statistical office of the Canton of Bern 5460:Coolidge, Rev. William Augustus Brevoort 5403: 5031: 5025: 4751:; however, it is no longer operational. 4565:Part of a coalition with the Green Party 1229:In 1298 Bernese forces won a victory at 849:were forced to return to their homes as 7466: 5894:"Minaret row rumbles on in Switzerland" 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5397: 5391: 4846: 4815:List of mountains of the canton of Bern 3368: 2510:) were combined into 10 new districts ( 2030:, while the canton of Léman became the 1908:The Helvetic Republic from 1798 to 1801 1626:The lands around the northern shore of 1381:area ended without resolving anything. 950:to settle on Helvetii lands in 443 CE. 383: 365: 335: 325: 301: 280: 267: 221: 195: 187: 152: 132: 88: 4627:, which is officially recognised as a 2124:. The classic Swiss cheese with holes 1989:, that the two cantons were reunited. 786:at Bern-Engehalbinsel and Jensberg by 5103:. London: Greenhill. pp. 241–5. 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4810:Canton of Bern castles and fortresses 2504:On 1 January 2010, the 26 districts ( 2315:in the world from Grindelwald to the 1345:In 1322, the brothers Eberhard II of 375: 348: 317: 306: 293: 285: 272: 253: 239: 226: 205: 7: 5558:– Key Data. Retrieved 18 August 2020 5524:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5446:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5410:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5374:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5335:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5294:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5258:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5219:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5183:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5147:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5083:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5044:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5000:. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. 4964:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4805:Municipalities of the canton of Bern 1595:joined a mutual defense league with 1037:and other western areas. In 630 the 5959:Cantons and capitals of Switzerland 2758:. Using different methodology, the 2263:, and the most notable of them are 2219:and the Jungfrau, such as car-free 2188:) constitute the north side of the 2132:Three Lakes Region and Bernese Jura 1855:Social changes in Early Modern Bern 806:was found at the Port site. At the 485:. To the south lies the cantons of 5783:Swiss Federal Statistical Office, 4996:Martin Oswald Hugh Carver (2016). 2500:Subdivisions of the canton of Bern 2247:, famous for the fateful scene of 1813:(1528, all the suppression of the 1005:, while those to the east spoke a 915:river between Aegerten and Brügg. 25: 5271:Interlaken Monastery and District 3330:, the most popular party was the 2034:and remained separate from Bern. 1377:over rights and influence in the 1266:The Swiss Confederacy before the 880:roads. A fourth alpine pass, the 521:(the Bernese Mittelland) and the 7502:Cantons of the Helvetic Republic 7469: 6562: 6145: 5556:Swiss Federal Statistical Office 5546:(german). Retrieved 30 July 2009 5124:Aarberg (Herrschaft, Amtsbezirk) 4545:Part of a coalition with the FGA 2156:. This area, culminating at the 1918:Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic) 1753:, both by conquest and purchase. 1455:. The ensuing conflict with the 896:passes. In the Bernese Jura the 827:Baths at Engehalbinsel near Bern 737:become a necropolis, such as at 142: 117: 107: 93: 6389:By gross regional product (GRP) 5865:"Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion" 4977:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 2494:Districts of the canton of Bern 2396:– 3,248 m (10,656 ft) 2390:– 3,503 m (11,493 ft) 2384:– 3,664 m (12,021 ft) 2378:– 3,698 m (12,133 ft) 2372:– 3,969 m (13,022 ft) 2366:– 4,078 m (13,379 ft) 2360:– 4,107 m (13,474 ft) 2354:– 4,158 m (13,642 ft) 2348:– 4,274 m (14,022 ft) 993:kingdom in the 534. During the 942:that are still partly visible. 342:4,274 m (14,022 ft): 248:Regierungsrat, Conseil exécutif 6922:President of the Confederation 2402:– 2,971 m (9,747 ft) 2184:The Bernese Oberland (German: 1998:Napoleonic Swiss Confederation 1805:Interlaken, with Grindelwald, 1792:Lower Simme valley (1439–1449) 926:) and the industrial section ( 720:changes in climate forced the 603:Napoleonic Swiss Confederation 355:401.5 m (1,317 ft): 1: 7512:1353 establishments in Europe 5196:Böser Bund in Berner Oberland 4714:, 5,991 individuals who were 4704:members of an Orthodox church 2065:across the Mittelland to the 1278:The Swiss Confederacy in 1416 1157:both the Aare valley and the 18:History of the canton of Bern 5823:"Eidgenössische Wahlen 2019" 4983:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2848: 1512:and the Upper Simme valley ( 833:Switzerland in the Roman era 6318:Unterwalden (-15th century) 6017:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR) 5751:. Retrieved 29 January 2011 5684:. Retrieved 2 February 2011 4657:Bernese cantonal parliament 2437:proportional representation 2251:'s 'death' at the hands of 1869:By the 17th century in the 7528: 6022:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI) 5850:. Retrieved 8 January 2012 5773:. Retrieved 5 January 2012 5706:. Retrieved 4 January 2012 4573: 4560: 4550: 4540: 4530: 4520: 4510: 4458:Voter participation % 3360: 2802: 2723: 2497: 2341: 2177: 2109: 2103: 2047:canton of Basel-Landschaft 2007: 1932:Frédéric-César de La Harpe 1911: 1858: 1688:, the mountain regions of 1305: 1079:Second Kingdom of Burgundy 1070: 830: 664:UNESCO World Heritage Site 617:region; Schnurenloch near 578: 262:Grosser Rat, Grand conseil 7421: 7162: 7029: 6877: 6580: 6560: 6446: 6143: 5744:30 September 2014 at the 4783:upper secondary education 4708:Christian Catholic Church 3365: 3291: 3253: 3225: 3197: 3169: 3134: 3106: 3078: 3050: 3022: 2988: 2960: 2932: 2904: 2876: 2845: 2803:Historic Population Data 2448:Executive Council of Bern 2342: 2192:and the west side of the 2014:With the post−Napoleonic 1930:. Vaud nationalists like 1583:and numerous farms along 1373:in 1333 between Bern and 1123:Berchtold II of Zähringen 1041:established the Abbey of 153: 133: 89: 80: 6882:Administrative divisions 6769:list of cities and towns 5699:15 February 2012 at the 4856:accessed 27 October 2017 3354:Federal election results 2592:Frutigen-Niedersimmental 1861:Early Modern Switzerland 1774:Thun and Burgdorf (1384) 1751:Swiss Confederacy period 1673:) in 1445 against Bern. 1150:reverted to the empire. 1146:, while the offices and 922:both the main building ( 815:and Bern-Engehalbinsel. 625:and Chilchlihöhle above 135:Location in Switzerland 7079:Pharmaceutical industry 5994:Flags and coats of arms 5798:. Retrieved 28 May 2010 5766:11 January 2012 at the 5729:. Retrieved 26 May 2010 5475:Encyclopædia Britannica 4903:Bundesamt für Statistik 4763:primary economic sector 4685:Bern Switzerland Temple 2235:. Further east, in the 2140:), concentrated around 2045:was transferred to the 1949:as its capital and the 1504:lakes) in 1388 and the 1396:region, its capital of 1314:Old Swiss Confederation 1111:Investiture Controversy 595:Old Swiss Confederation 319: • Per capita 298:180/km (450/sq mi) 7497:Cantons of Switzerland 7084:Science and technology 6927:Federal administration 5848:Flags of the World.com 5542:1 January 2009 at the 4738: 4671:(who have a prominent 4632: 4620: 2730:The canton of Bern is 2495: 2486:Political subdivisions 2480:Tribunal administratif 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2455: 2451: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2337: 2275:. Further west is the 2185: 2175: 2069: 1977:Malmaison Constitution 1909: 1681: 1623: 1434:Prince-Bishop of Basel 1303: 1295: 1287: 1279: 1271: 1068: 963: 828: 772:The transition to the 713: 532:The canton of Bern is 439: 431: 423: 415: 61: 46: 6027:Basel-Landschaft (BL) 5721:23 April 2010 at the 5537:Kanton Bern, Regionen 5489:Histoire de la Suisse 4733: 4700:Swiss Reformed Church 4625:Swiss Reformed Church 4603: 4209:National conservatism 3580:National conservatism 3348:2007 Federal election 3328:2011 federal election 2493: 2425:Grand Council of Bern 2418: 2328: 2171: 2060: 2008:Further information: 1912:Further information: 1907: 1859:Further information: 1679: 1621: 1457:Old Swiss Confederacy 1308:Old Swiss Confederacy 1301: 1293: 1285: 1277: 1265: 1258:Old Swiss Confederacy 1224:Rudolph I of Habsburg 1115:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 1071:Further information: 1066: 961: 938:have richly detailed 831:Further information: 826: 711: 569:Old Swiss Confederacy 563:Formerly part of the 314:80.209 billion (2020) 32:Canton in Switzerland 27:Canton of Switzerland 7409:World Heritage Sites 6313:Outer Schwyz (-1833) 5874:on 24 September 2016 5677:9 April 2014 at the 5579:on 1 September 2005. 4841:Notes and references 4683:(who have built the 4576:Coat of arms of Bern 3679:Ring of Independents 3633:Classical liberalism 3421:Classical liberalism 2664:Obersimmental-Saanen 2609:Interlaken-Oberhasli 2018:, Bern acquired the 1819:Interlaken Monastery 1713:. In the next year, 1684:In 1475, during the 1573:Interlaken Monastery 1073:Medieval Switzerland 726:Mediterranean region 585:Coat of arms of Bern 450:. Its capital city, 295: • Density 7207:Firearms regulation 6776:Statistical regions 6585:Physiographic areas 6005:Present-day cantons 5791:14 May 2015 at the 5644:on 14 February 2016 5603:on 18 November 2010 4315:Right-wing populism 3792:Christian socialism 3739:Christian democracy 3474:Christian democracy 2832:Christian Catholic 2788:Historic population 2575:Langnau im Emmental 2016:Restoration of 1815 1994:directorial cantons 1871:Early Modern period 1478:Leopold of Habsburg 1446:Enguerrand de Coucy 1422:Swiss Confederation 1244:Louis IV of Bavaria 794:. Gold coins (from 621:, Ranggiloch above 599:directorial cantons 448:Swiss Confederation 169: / 7172:Capital punishment 7104:Telecommunications 6998:Popular initiative 6296:Historical cantons 5900:. 5 September 2006 5501:Canton of Oberland 4739: 4664:Christian Catholic 4621: 4361:Separatist parties 3944:PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL 2835:No religion given 2651:Wangen an der Aare 2496: 2476:Verwaltungsgericht 2421: 2338: 2253:Professor Moriarty 2176: 2106:Bernese Mittelland 2100:Bernese Mittelland 2078:Bernese Mittelland 2070: 2028:bishopric of Basel 1970:Canton of Oberland 1943:canton of Oberland 1910: 1833:or Gessenay (1555) 1815:Augustinian Canons 1745:Acquired districts 1719:Battle of Grandson 1682: 1636:Carolingian Empire 1624: 1304: 1296: 1288: 1280: 1272: 1248:Frederick the Fair 1246:over the Habsburg 1187:St. Peter's Island 1069: 1053:St. Peter's Island 974:population in the 964: 843:Battle of Bibracte 829: 714: 679:Cortaillod culture 308: • Total 287: • Total 274: • Total 213:388 municipalities 7457: 7456: 7417: 7416: 7227:Human trafficking 7149: 7148: 7016: 7015: 6993:Political parties 6986:Council of States 6909:Foreign relations 6864: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6402: 6401: 6323:Helvetic Republic 6303:Appenzell (-1597) 6252:Schaffhausen (SH) 6087:Schaffhausen (SH) 5872:(Interactive Map) 5423:Grandson district 4505: 4504: 3686:Social liberalism 3319: 3318: 2811:Total Population 2513:Verwaltungskreise 2408: 2407: 2334:Joseph Anton Koch 2257:Reichenbach Falls 1936:Helvetic Republic 1924:French Revolution 1914:Helvetic Republic 1900:Napoleonic period 1700:. They then gave 1486:Battle of Sempach 1326:Emperor Henry VII 1268:Battle of Sempach 1209:Frienisberg Abbey 1202:Collegiate church 1092:Holy Roman Empire 1007:Germanic language 976:Early Middle Ages 954:Early Middle Ages 722:Hallstatt culture 565:Holy Roman Empire 442:), is one of the 400: 399: 322:CHF 77,027 (2020) 16:(Redirected from 7519: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7465: 7437: 7430: 7160: 7141:Waste management 7074: 7034:Economic history 7027: 6981:National Council 6966:National Redoubt 6875: 6582: 6578: 6566: 6542:Military history 6512:Early Modern era 6429: 6422: 6415: 6406: 6149: 6032:Basel-Stadt (BS) 5996: 5989: 5986:Thirteen Cantons 5980: 5971: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5929: 5923:Official website 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5867:. Archived from 5860: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5805: 5799: 5797: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5669: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5634: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5575:. Archived from 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5534: 5528: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5467: 5456: 5450: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5420: 5414: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5309: 5298: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5268: 5262: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235:Bernese Oberland 5232: 5223: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5193: 5187: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5157: 5151: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5093: 5087: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5018: 5012: 5011: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4974: 4968: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4938: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4868: 4857: 4851: 4767:secondary sector 4675:, or temple, in 4604:Capital city of 4564: 4554: 4544: 4534: 4524: 4514: 3845:Green liberalism 3527:Social democracy 3414:FDP.The Liberals 3358: 3342:(14.9%) and the 2817:French Speaking 2814:German Speaking 2800: 2456:Conseil-éxecutif 2340: 2313:gondola cableway 2311:and the longest 2243:and the town of 2164:Bernese Oberland 2090:Bernese Oberland 1981:Act of Mediation 1928:Lemanic Republic 1922:Inspired by the 1735:Count of Gruyère 1723:Battle of Murten 1715:Charles the Bold 1601:Bernese Oberland 1407:Battle of Laupen 1312:Bern joined the 1159:Bernese Oberland 1155:High Middle Ages 1043:Moutier-Grandval 1039:Abbey of Luxeuil 1003:Romance language 999:Treaty of Verdun 800:Greek characters 609:Early prehistory 593:Bern joined the 527:Bernese Oberland 396: 393: 391: 184: 183: 181: 180: 179: 174: 170: 167: 166: 165: 162: 146: 121: 111: 97: 72: 64: 57: 49: 35: 21: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7460: 7458: 7453: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7413: 7377:Public holidays 7276: 7257:Social security 7145: 7072: 7012: 6956:Law enforcement 6917:Federal Council 6856: 6837:Mountain passes 6780: 6606: 6567: 6558: 6490:Federal Charter 6485:Old Confederacy 6451: 6442: 6433: 6403: 6398: 6367: 6291: 6277:St. Gallen (SG) 6202:Frauenfeld (TG) 6182:Bellinzona (TI) 6150: 6141: 6102:St. Gallen (SG) 6000: 5999: 5992: 5983: 5974: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5919: 5914: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5793:Wayback Machine 5781: 5777: 5770: 5768:Wayback Machine 5759: 5755: 5748: 5746:Wayback Machine 5737: 5733: 5726: 5723:Wayback Machine 5714: 5710: 5703: 5701:Wayback Machine 5692: 5688: 5681: 5679:Wayback Machine 5670: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5544:Wayback Machine 5535: 5531: 5499: 5495: 5487: 5483: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5421: 5417: 5385: 5381: 5349: 5342: 5312:Saanen district 5310: 5301: 5269: 5265: 5233: 5226: 5194: 5190: 5160:Burgdorferkrieg 5158: 5154: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5058: 5051: 5019: 5015: 5008: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4939: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4830:Bieler Tagblatt 4801: 4779: 4771:tertiary sector 4728: 4645:Berner Oberland 4598: 4578: 4572: 4558: 4548: 4538: 4528: 4518: 4508: 4262:Christian right 3467:CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD 3356: 3324: 2798: 2796: 2790: 2728: 2722: 2604:Niedersimmental 2521:Bern-Mittelland 2502: 2488: 2413: 2249:Sherlock Holmes 2186:Berner Oberland 2182: 2166: 2134: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2055: 2043:Laufen District 2012: 2010:Jura separatism 2006: 1966:Canton of Léman 1951:canton of Léman 1920: 1902: 1887:peasant revolts 1863: 1857: 1754: 1747: 1711:Grandson Castle 1686:Burgundian Wars 1542: 1462:Burgdorferkrieg 1322: 1310: 1260: 1239:County of Savoy 1144:House of Kyburg 1075: 1061: 995:Carolingian era 956: 936:Herzogenbuchsee 904:passes opened. 878:Augusta Raurica 859:Central Plateau 845:in 58 BCE, the 835: 821: 778:La Tène culture 734:princely graves 706: 611: 591: 581:History of Bern 577: 424:canton de Berne 388: 177: 175: 171: 168: 163: 160: 158: 156: 155: 149: 148: 147: 141: 139: 129: 128: 127: 126: 115: 114: 103: 102: 101: 100: 85: 76: 75: 66: 62:Canton de Berne 51: 40: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7525: 7523: 7515: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7492:Canton of Bern 7484: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7439: 7438: 7431: 7423: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7089:Stock exchange 7086: 7081: 7076: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7008:Federal decree 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6802:Extreme points 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6764:Municipalities 6761: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6616: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6602:Jura Mountains 6599: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6554:Historiography 6551: 6550: 6549: 6539: 6537:Modern history 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6517:Napoleonic era 6514: 6509: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6409: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6372:Lists by topic 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6267:Solothurn (SO) 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6242:Neuchâtel (NE) 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6172:Appenzell (AI) 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6097:Solothurn (SO) 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6077:Nidwalden (NW) 6074: 6072:Neuchâtel (NE) 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5990: 5981: 5972: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5918: 5917:External links 5915: 5912: 5911: 5885: 5852: 5840: 5827:opendate.swiss 5814: 5800: 5775: 5753: 5731: 5708: 5686: 5655: 5614: 5582: 5560: 5548: 5529: 5521:in the online 5493: 5481: 5470:Chisholm, Hugh 5451: 5443:in the online 5415: 5407:in the online 5379: 5371:in the online 5340: 5332:in the online 5299: 5291:in the online 5263: 5255:in the online 5224: 5216:in the online 5188: 5180:in the online 5152: 5144:in the online 5116: 5109: 5088: 5080:in the online 5049: 5041:in the online 5013: 5006: 4988: 4969: 4961:in the online 4941:Canton of Bern 4916: 4889: 4858: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4820:Berner Zeitung 4817: 4812: 4807: 4800: 4797: 4792:Fachhochschule 4778: 4775: 4727: 4724: 4597: 4594: 4574:Main article: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4556: 4546: 4536: 4526: 4516: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4106:Green politics 4103: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3736: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 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In 1994 the 2039:canton of Jura 2032:canton of Vaud 2005: 2004:Modern history 2002: 1901: 1898: 1875:gnädige Herren 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1838:Pays d'En-Haut 1834: 1828: 1822: 1803: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771:Aarberg (1375) 1769: 1763: 1746: 1743: 1644:Barony of Vaud 1632:Lake Neuchâtel 1558:Old Zürich War 1541: 1538: 1494:Morat (Murten) 1459:(known as the 1438:Jura Mountains 1430:Jean de Vienne 1321: 1318: 1306:Main article: 1259: 1256: 1252:Forest Cantons 1060: 1057: 955: 952: 902:Pierre Pertuis 855:Jura Mountains 820: 817: 739:Grossaffoltern 718:Early Iron Age 705: 702: 683:Horgen culture 675:Twann-Tüscherz 610: 607: 576: 573: 511:Jura Mountains 454:, is also the 404:canton of Bern 398: 397: 386: 382: 381: 380:German, French 378: 374: 373: 370: 364: 363: 353: 347: 346: 344:Finsteraarhorn 340: 334: 333: 330: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 309: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 279: 278: 275: 271: 270: 266: 265: 259: 252: 251: 245: 238: 237: 232: 225: 224: 220: 219: 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 173:46.84°N 7.60°E 151: 150: 140: 137: 136: 134: 131: 130: 122: 116: 112: 106: 105: 104: 98: 92: 91: 90: 87: 86: 81: 78: 77: 74: 73: 58: 42: 41: 39:Canton of Bern 38: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7524: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7477: 7467: 7463: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7432: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7054:Private banks 7052: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6946:Landsgemeinde 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6897:Supreme Court 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6597:Swiss Plateau 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6527:Federal state 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6475:Early history 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6425: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6308:Basel (-1833) 6306: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6227:Lausanne (VD) 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6207:Fribourg (FR) 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6197:Delémont (JU) 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Obwalden (OW) 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6042:Fribourg (FR) 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5977:Eight Cantons 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968:Three Cantons 5964: 5963: 5960: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5886: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5844: 5841: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5779: 5776: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5757: 5754: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5735: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5712: 5709: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5599: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5351:Château-d'Oex 5347: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5112: 5110:1-85367-105-3 5106: 5102: 5098: 5097:Oman, Charles 5092: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5007:9781315425047 5003: 4999: 4992: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4904: 4900: 4893: 4890: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4847: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:Bernese March 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3338:(19.3%), the 3337: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3290: 3252: 3224: 3196: 3168: 3133: 3105: 3077: 3049: 3021: 2987: 2959: 2931: 2903: 2875: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2708:with capital 2707: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2683:with capital 2682: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2672:Obersimmental 2669: 2666:with capital 2665: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2649:with capital 2648: 2645: 2643: 2642:La Neuveville 2639: 2635: 2631: 2628:with capital 2627: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611:with capital 2610: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594:with capital 2593: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2573:with capital 2572: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2556:with capital 2555: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2545:Schwarzenburg 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2525:Ostermundigen 2523:with capital 2522: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2492: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452:Regierungsrat 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:Grand conseil 2430: 2426: 2417: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229:Lauterbrunnen 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2174: 2173:Staubbachfall 2170: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118:(Grosse) Emme 2113: 2112:Swiss Plateau 2107: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1986:ancien régime 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1894:Abraham Davel 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807:Lauterbrunnen 1804: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1739:Pays-d'Enhaut 1736: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1694:Pays-d'Enhaut 1691: 1687: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581:Lauterbrunnen 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:Bienne (Biel) 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1472:In 1386, the 1470: 1468: 1467:Kyburgerkrieg 1464: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1440:. During the 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1379:Sense/Singine 1376: 1372: 1371:Gümmenenkrieg 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Laupen Castle 1330: 1327: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1309: 1300: 1292: 1284: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1220:imperial city 1217: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1195:St. Johannsen 1193:monastery at 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1167:Ministerialis 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1081:. Under King 1080: 1074: 1065: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 960: 953: 951: 949: 943: 941: 940:Roman mosaics 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920:Oberwichtrach 916: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 834: 825: 818: 816: 814: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 779: 775: 774:Late Iron Age 770: 768: 764: 758: 756: 755:La Neuveville 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 710: 703: 701: 699: 695: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 608: 606: 604: 600: 596: 590: 586: 582: 574: 572: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 536:, officially 535: 530: 528: 524: 520: 519:Swiss Plateau 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 463:ten districts 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:Chantun Berna 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 395: 387: 379: 371: 369: 362: 358: 354: 352: 345: 341: 339: 338:Highest point 331: 329: 328:ISO 3166 code 321: 313: 310: 297: 289: 276: 263: 260: 258: 255: • 249: 246: 244: 241: • 236: 233: 231: 228: • 218: 214: 211: 209: 202: 199: 191: 182: 154:Coordinates: 145: 125: 120: 110: 96: 84: 79: 70: 63: 59: 55: 48: 44: 43: 36: 30: 19: 7382:National Day 7305:Coat of arms 7295:Architecture 7262:Swiss people 7252:Prostitution 7222:Homelessness 7192:Demographics 7177:Conscription 7114:Trade unions 7049:Central bank 6934:Human rights 6887:Constitution 6639: 6612:Subdivisions 6547:list of wars 6449:Major topics 6448: 6394:By elevation 6379:Legislatures 6322: 6237:Lucerne (LU) 6232:Liestal (BL) 6222:Herisau (AR) 6167:Altdorf (UR) 6107:Thurgau (TG) 6067:Lucerne (LU) 6057:Grisons (GR) 6036: 5984: 5975: 5966: 5902:. Retrieved 5888: 5876:. Retrieved 5869:the original 5843: 5831:. Retrieved 5826: 5817: 5803: 5784: 5778: 5756: 5734: 5711: 5689: 5646:. Retrieved 5642:the original 5605:. Retrieved 5598:the original 5585: 5577:the original 5572: 5563: 5551: 5532: 5522: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5473: 5465:"Bern" 5454: 5444: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5350: 5333: 5311: 5292: 5270: 5266: 5256: 5234: 5217: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5123: 5119: 5100: 5091: 5081: 5059: 5042: 5020: 5016: 4997: 4991: 4982: 4972: 4962: 4940: 4907:. Retrieved 4902: 4892: 4882:21 September 4880:. Retrieved 4876:bfs.admin.ch 4875: 4849: 4790: 4780: 4760: 4753: 4740: 4697: 4661: 4633:Landeskirche 4629:state church 4622: 4617:Nydeggkirche 4589: 4586:coat of arms 4579: 4570:Coat of arms 4559: 4549: 4539: 4529: 4519: 4509: 3898:Conservatism 3325: 2791: 2782:Swiss francs 2779: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2752: 2744:Bernese Jura 2740:Swiss German 2729: 2726:Bernese Jura 2720:Demographics 2626:Jura bernois 2587:Trachselwald 2511: 2505: 2503: 2472:Cour suprême 2465: 2445: 2441:Bernese Jura 2422: 2321: 2309:Jungfraujoch 2297: 2269:Oeschinensee 2241:Aareschlucht 2231:valley, and 2214: 2190:Bernese Alps 2183: 2135: 2115: 2094: 2082:Bernese Jura 2071: 2067:Bernese Alps 2036: 2020:Bernese Jura 2013: 1993: 1991: 1985: 1974: 1963: 1959: 1940: 1921: 1891: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1842:Château-d'Œx 1837: 1748: 1731: 1698:Aigle Castle 1683: 1670: 1660: 1654:, including 1630:and between 1625: 1570: 1564:and in 1641 1553: 1550:Talverbänden 1549: 1543: 1540:15th century 1530:Trachselwald 1471: 1466: 1460: 1450: 1419: 1412: 1383: 1344: 1323: 1320:14th century 1311: 1237:against the 1228: 1213: 1152: 1104: 1085:and his son 1076: 1011: 966:East of the 965: 944: 928:pars rustica 927: 923: 917: 913:Thielle/Zihl 906: 898:Mont Raimeux 863: 836: 803: 781: 771: 759: 733: 715: 668: 631:last ice age 612: 598: 592: 562: 531: 515:Bernese Jura 460: 455: 446:forming the 440:Canton Berna 407: 403: 401: 351:Lowest point 235:Evi Allemann 217:10 districts 210: 207:Subdivisions 113:Coat of arms 29: 7476:Switzerland 7355:Röstigraben 7232:Immigration 7039:Agriculture 6913:Government 6797:Earthquakes 6522:Restoration 6507:Reformation 6470:Enlargement 6436:Switzerland 6363:Waldstätten 6287:Zurich (ZH) 6257:Schwyz (SZ) 6247:Sarnen (OW) 6217:Glarus (GL) 6212:Geneva (GE) 6137:Zürich (ZH) 6122:Valais (VS) 6112:Ticino (TI) 6092:Schwyz (SZ) 6052:Glarus (GL) 6047:Geneva (GE) 6012:Aargau (AG) 5904:10 February 5833:12 November 5796:(in German) 5771:(in German) 5749:(in German) 5727:(in German) 5704:(in German) 5682:(in German) 5573:Kanton Bern 4905:(in German) 4756:Biel/Bienne 4637:Evangelical 3344:Green Party 2820:Protestant 2760:2014 census 2748:Biel/Bienne 2558:Biel/Bienne 2554:Biel/Bienne 2537:Konolfingen 2533:Fraubrunnen 2507:Amtsbezirke 2468:Obergericht 2429:Grosser Rat 2364:Schreckhorn 2233:Grindelwald 2024:Biel/Bienne 1652:John Calvin 1628:Lake Geneva 1605:Reformation 1597:Unterwalden 1589:Grindelwald 1585:Lake Brienz 1577:Grindelwald 1562:Reformation 1426:Biel/Bienne 1355:Thun Castle 1199:Augustinian 1191:Benedictine 1183:Rüeggisberg 1153:During the 1107:Rudolph III 1102:dynasties. 1094:during the 1059:Middle Ages 1048:Saint-Imier 988:Merovingian 984:Lake Brienz 948:Burgundians 924:pars urbana 857:and on the 841:victory at 716:During the 694:dugout boat 635:paleolithic 550:Biel/Bienne 461:Comprising 416:Kanton Bern 257:Legislative 192:Switzerland 178:46.84; 7.60 176: / 138:Map of Bern 47:Kanton Bern 7486:Categories 7362:Literature 7217:Healthcare 7202:Euthanasia 7182:Corruption 7094:Swiss made 7073:(currency) 6976:Parliament 6971:Neutrality 6592:Swiss Alps 6532:World wars 6495:Rütli Oath 6384:Executives 6331:Bellinzona 6272:Stans (NW) 6177:Basel (BS) 6162:Aarau (AG) 5878:15 January 5725:2003 data 5648:8 February 5060:von Kyburg 4787:university 4744:Emmentaler 4735:Emmentaler 4677:Langenthal 4653:Mennonites 2841:Non-Swiss 2724:See also: 2647:Oberaargau 2634:Courtelary 2630:Courtelary 2617:Interlaken 2613:Interlaken 2478:; French: 2470:, French: 2460:government 2411:Government 2400:Schilthorn 2388:Sustenhorn 2382:Blümlisalp 2376:Wetterhorn 2330:Wetterhorn 2317:Männlichen 2305:funiculars 2301:cable cars 2285:Zweisimmen 2265:Kandersteg 2217:Interlaken 2194:Urner Alps 2180:Swiss Alps 2178:See also: 2126:Emmentaler 2110:See also: 1840:including 1671:Böser Bund 1593:Wilderswil 1568:revolted. 1554:Böser Bund 1442:Gugler war 1351:fratricide 1347:Neu-Kyburg 1231:Oberwangen 1216:city right 1206:Cistercian 1087:Rudolph II 882:Rawil pass 870:Vindonissa 837:After the 802:that said 751:Langenthal 691:Bronze Age 639:mesolithic 579:See also: 554:Interlaken 444:26 cantons 282:Population 223:Government 7330:Languages 7197:Education 7119:Transport 7061:Companies 6904:Elections 6842:Mountains 6822:Hydrology 6759:Districts 6573:Geography 6480:Roman era 6325:(-1803): 6262:Sion (VS) 6192:Chur (GR) 6187:Bern (BE) 6127:Vaud (VD) 6062:Jura (JU) 6037:Bern (BE) 5898:Swissinfo 5099:(1991) . 4777:Education 4749:Mühleberg 4631:(German: 4608:with the 4055:Communism 4004:Socialism 3951:Socialism 2823:Catholic 2732:bilingual 2655:Aarwangen 2621:Oberhasli 2458:) is the 2454:/French: 2450:(German: 2431:/French: 2427:(German: 2277:Simmental 2273:Adelboden 2267:with the 2245:Meiringen 2158:Chasseral 2146:Neuchâtel 2142:Lake Biel 2063:Chasseral 2053:Geography 2026:from the 1975:The 1801 1879:Landvögte 1766:Oberhasli 1707:bailiwick 1667:Simmental 1514:Simmental 1510:Unterseen 1498:Neuchâtel 1474:Austrians 1453:Solothurn 1403:Simmental 1398:Meiringen 1394:Oberhasli 1390:Unspunnen 1342:of Bern. 1340:bailiwick 1316:in 1353. 1254:in 1323. 1127:Zähringer 1083:Rudolph I 1030:Constance 980:Alamannic 874:Petinesca 866:Aventicum 851:foederati 839:Roman era 819:Roman era 813:Münsingen 687:sourdough 648:Lake Biel 644:neolithic 627:Erlenbach 615:Simmental 571:in 1353. 534:bilingual 495:Nidwalden 475:Neuchâtel 471:Solothurn 377:Languages 290:1,043,132 243:Executive 230:President 124:Brandmark 7444:Category 7389:Religion 7325:Helvetia 7320:Folklore 7237:Pensions 7167:Abortion 7099:Taxation 6961:Military 6870:Politics 6817:Glaciers 6785:By topic 6465:Timeline 6440:articles 6351:Oberland 6335:Fricktal 6282:Zug (ZG) 6155:Capitals 6132:Zug (ZG) 6117:Uri (UR) 5789:Archived 5764:Archived 5742:Archived 5719:Archived 5697:Archived 5675:Archived 5540:Archived 5462:(1911). 4835:Der Bund 4799:See also 4712:Buddhist 4673:Gurdwara 4641:Emmental 4596:Religion 4157:Feminism 3369:Ideology 3322:Politics 2600:Frutigen 2596:Frutigen 2579:Burgdorf 2571:Emmental 2549:Seftigen 2394:Wildhorn 2352:Jungfrau 2239:are the 2237:Haslital 2210:Jungfrau 2122:Emmental 1955:Lausanne 1883:sheriffs 1800:Grandson 1781:Frutigen 1546:Bäuerten 1522:Frutigen 1375:Fribourg 1324:In 1310 1132:Burgdorf 1119:Henry IV 1096:Ottonian 1014:Lausanne 991:Frankish 972:Germanic 872:and the 847:Helvetii 804:Korisios 796:Melchnau 792:Iron Age 704:Iron Age 623:Boltigen 499:Obwalden 479:Fribourg 456:de facto 7428:Outline 7399:Symbols 7350:Romansh 7345:Italian 7310:Cuisine 7282:Culture 7267:Welfare 7247:Poverty 7242:Prisons 7155:Society 7109:Tourism 7044:Banking 7022:Economy 6827:Islands 6812:Forests 6792:Climate 6620:Cantons 6457:History 5607:6 March 5518:Italian 5472:(ed.). 5440:Italian 5404:Italian 5368:Italian 5329:Italian 5288:Italian 5252:Italian 5213:Italian 5177:Italian 5141:Italian 5077:Italian 5038:Italian 4958:Italian 4726:Economy 4720:atheist 4693:minaret 4689:Muslims 4619:on left 4584:of the 4308:FPS/PSL 4255:EDU/UDF 4099:GPS/PES 3891:BDP/PBD 3838:GLP/PVL 3785:CSP/PCS 3732:EVP/PEV 3626:LPS/PLS 3573:SVP/UDC 3326:In the 3295:957,197 3287:97,537 3284:860,655 3269:172,906 3266:691,812 3260:802,740 3257:958,192 3229:898,397 3201:901,706 3173:813,601 3150:122,971 3147:671,817 3144:120,566 3141:665,702 3138:801,943 3110:662,683 3082:623,665 3054:607,107 3026:578,381 3001:506,699 2995:483,388 2992:589,433 2964:476,564 2936:471,991 2908:444,430 2880:413,887 2856:403,768 2849:458,301 2829:Jewish 2756:Romansh 2689:Aarberg 2685:Aarberg 2681:Seeland 2638:Moutier 2227:in the 2138:Seeland 1996:of the 1850:(1729). 1663:Gruyère 1613:bailiff 1534:Huttwil 1528:, 1408 1524:, 1407 1520:, 1400 1490:Seeland 1482:Sempach 1415:Aarberg 1329:pledged 1176:Cluniac 886:Grimsel 808:oppidum 776:of the 767:lignite 747:Bannwil 619:Oberwil 601:of the 575:History 517:), the 503:Lucerne 436:Italian 428:Romansh 385:Website 197:Capital 189:Country 161:46°50′N 7462:Portal 7449:Portal 7340:French 7335:German 7300:Cinema 7290:Anthem 7212:Health 7071:Franc 7066:Energy 7003:Voting 6892:Courts 6852:Rivers 6500:Growth 6438: 6359:Säntis 6355:Raetia 6347:Lugano 5512:French 5506:German 5434:French 5428:German 5398:French 5392:German 5362:French 5356:German 5323:French 5317:German 5282:French 5276:German 5246:French 5240:German 5207:French 5201:German 5171:French 5165:German 5135:French 5129:German 5107: 5071:French 5065:German 5032:French 5026:German 5021:Laupen 5004: 4952:French 4946:German 4909:1 July 4737:cheese 4687:) and 4614:Gothic 4582:blazon 4410:Other 3281:41,350 3272:53,880 3263:74,338 3004:80,489 2998:97,789 2859:54,045 2838:Swiss 2826:Other 2697:Erlach 2676:Saanen 2668:Saanen 2659:Wangen 2583:Signau 2541:Laupen 2336:, 1824 2293:Saanen 2289:Gstaad 2225:Wengen 2221:Mürren 2208:, and 2150:Murten 2148:, and 2088:. The 1844:(1555) 1831:Saanen 1827:(1536) 1811:Brienz 1802:(1475) 1789:(1415) 1787:Aargau 1768:(1334) 1762:(1324) 1760:Laupen 1690:Saanen 1609:canons 1526:Wangen 1518:Signau 1506:Aargau 1476:under 1432:, the 1386:Wimmis 1336:Laupen 1270:(1387) 1179:Priory 1171:feudal 1136:Murten 1100:Salian 1035:Alsace 932:Toffen 894:Susten 890:Brünig 788:Studen 783:oppida 730:hydria 587:, and 558:Gstaad 542:French 540:- and 538:German 507:Aargau 487:Valais 481:, and 420:French 412:German 368:Joined 164:7°36′E 83:Canton 69:French 65: 54:German 50: 7435:Index 7394:Sport 7372:Music 7367:Media 7272:Women 7187:Crime 6847:Parks 6832:Lakes 6807:Fauna 6343:Linth 6339:Léman 6327:Baden 5601:(PDF) 5594:(PDF) 5468:. In 5387:Aigle 4789:or a 4716:Hindu 4669:Sikhs 4649:Amish 4501:47.3 4202:SD/DS 4146:13.6 3620:30.0 3567:16.8 3520:SP/PS 3408:2019 3366:Party 3336:SP/PS 3292:2000 3278:1,263 3254:1990 3226:1980 3198:1970 3170:1960 3159:3,256 3156:1,403 3153:3,189 3135:1950 3107:1941 3079:1930 3051:1920 3023:1910 3010:1,543 2989:1900 2961:1888 2933:1880 2905:1870 2877:1860 2846:1850 2808:Year 2701:Nidau 2693:Büren 2566:Nidau 2370:Eiger 2358:Mönch 2279:with 2206:Mönch 2202:Eiger 2022:with 1953:with 1945:with 1848:Köniz 1796:Aigle 1702:Aigle 1656:Viret 1640:Savoy 1235:Köniz 1163:baron 1148:fiefs 1018:Basel 909:vicus 673:(now 671:Twann 525:(the 513:(the 408:Berne 406:, or 361:Wynau 332:CH-BE 264:(160) 7315:Flag 7134:road 7129:rail 6939:LGBT 5906:2006 5880:2009 5835:2019 5650:2016 5609:2010 5515:and 5503:in 5437:and 5425:in 5401:and 5389:in 5365:and 5353:in 5326:and 5314:in 5285:and 5273:in 5249:and 5237:in 5210:and 5198:in 5174:and 5162:in 5138:and 5126:in 5105:ISBN 5074:and 5062:in 5035:and 5023:in 5002:ISBN 4955:and 4943:in 4911:2023 4884:2021 4651:and 4643:and 4610:Aare 4606:Bern 4580:The 4498:49.1 4495:50.4 4492:46.4 4489:42.1 4486:41.1 4483:40.4 4480:46.2 4477:45.7 4474:49.9 4471:49.8 4468:54.3 4465:58.0 4453:3.9 4302:2.5 4249:0.4 4151:FGA 4137:12.9 4048:POCH 3991:0.6 3938:8.0 3935:11.8 3932:14.9 3885:9.7 3779:4.2 3617:33.1 3614:29.0 3611:33.6 3608:29.6 3605:28.6 3602:26.0 3599:26.3 3596:27.8 3593:29.0 3590:31.5 3587:27.1 3584:29.2 3564:19.7 3561:19.3 3558:21.2 3555:27.9 3552:27.6 3549:24.7 3546:20.0 3543:22.3 3540:28.3 3537:30.5 3534:31.0 3531:31.0 3514:1.9 3461:8.4 3452:15.1 3449:14.8 3446:17.2 3443:15.6 3440:13.7 3437:16.1 3434:15.1 3431:18.0 3428:17.6 3425:17.3 3405:2015 3402:2011 3399:2007 3396:2003 3393:1999 3390:1995 3387:1991 3384:1987 3381:1983 3378:1979 3375:1975 3372:1971 2738:, a 2714:Thun 2710:Thun 2706:Thun 2699:and 2674:and 2657:and 2640:and 2619:and 2602:and 2585:and 2562:Biel 2547:and 2529:Bern 2446:The 2423:The 2303:and 2291:and 2283:and 2281:Lenk 2271:and 2261:Thun 2223:and 2154:Jura 2074:Aare 1947:Thun 1916:and 1836:the 1825:Vaud 1809:and 1798:and 1727:vogt 1692:and 1648:Bern 1591:and 1566:Thun 1532:and 1500:and 1388:and 1367:fief 1363:Thun 1359:Bern 1140:Thun 1098:and 1028:and 1026:Chur 1022:Sion 968:Aare 934:and 900:and 892:and 765:and 698:well 681:and 662:, a 656:Zihl 652:Aare 556:and 548:and 546:Thun 523:Alps 505:and 483:Vaud 469:and 467:Jura 452:Bern 402:The 372:1353 357:Aare 269:Area 201:Bern 99:Flag 7124:air 6951:Law 6337:, 4747:at 4679:), 4588:is 4450:1.7 4447:3.2 4444:1.3 4441:1.1 4438:1.6 4435:0.5 4432:1.2 4429:2.6 4426:5.2 4423:0.6 4420:0.2 4417:0.0 4393:1.9 4387:1.5 4384:1.7 4381:1.0 4378:2.2 4375:2.8 4372:1.8 4346:0.6 4343:1.1 4340:2.7 4337:5.9 4334:6.8 4331:3.2 4299:2.8 4296:3.1 4293:3.6 4290:4.1 4287:4.0 4284:4.2 4281:3.4 4278:2.7 4275:1.8 4272:1.2 4269:1.1 4246:0.4 4243:0.6 4240:1.5 4237:2.7 4234:3.7 4231:5.5 4228:6.0 4225:3.2 4222:6.0 4219:3.6 4216:3.4 4213:3.7 4179:2.5 4176:2.0 4173:2.6 4170:2.2 4167:1.1 4143:8.5 4140:9.4 4134:9.3 4131:7.5 4128:5.9 4125:9.9 4122:9.2 4068:1.6 4065:1.4 4062:0.5 3997:PSA 3988:0.5 3985:0.3 3970:0.2 3961:0.3 3958:0.6 3882:6.0 3879:5.3 3799:0.9 3796:0.9 3776:4.3 3773:4.2 3770:5.4 3767:5.2 3764:4.0 3761:3.8 3758:3.3 3755:3.4 3752:3.3 3749:3.4 3746:3.5 3743:4.1 3711:0.8 3708:1.9 3705:2.9 3702:3.6 3699:3.2 3696:3.1 3693:4.7 3690:6.3 3655:0.3 3511:1.8 3508:2.1 3505:4.7 3502:2.3 3499:2.4 3496:1.9 3493:2.6 3490:2.4 3487:2.1 3484:2.5 3481:5.3 3478:5.3 3458:9.3 3455:8.7 3340:BDP 3332:SVP 3275:802 3007:970 2864:488 2516:): 1817:at 1465:or 1353:at 1233:in 1181:of 763:jet 743:Ins 529:). 491:Uri 394:.ch 392:.be 390:www 359:at 312:CHF 303:GDP 250:(7) 7488:: 6750:ZH 6745:ZG 6740:VS 6735:VD 6730:UR 6725:TI 6720:TG 6715:SZ 6710:SO 6705:SH 6700:SG 6695:OW 6690:NW 6685:NE 6680:LU 6675:JU 6670:GR 6665:GL 6660:GE 6655:FR 6650:BS 6645:BL 6640:BE 6635:AR 6630:AG 6625:AI 6361:, 6357:, 6353:, 6349:, 6345:, 6341:, 6333:, 6329:, 5896:. 5855:^ 5825:. 5658:^ 5617:^ 5571:. 5509:, 5431:, 5395:, 5359:, 5343:^ 5320:, 5302:^ 5279:, 5243:, 5227:^ 5204:, 5168:, 5132:, 5068:, 5052:^ 5029:, 4981:. 4949:, 4919:^ 4901:. 4874:. 4861:^ 4659:. 4612:, 4561:^f 4551:^e 4541:^d 4531:^c 4521:^b 4511:^a 4405:* 4355:* 4196:* 4093:* 4042:* 3832:* 3726:* 3673:* 2695:, 2691:, 2636:, 2581:, 2543:, 2539:, 2535:, 2531:, 2319:. 2295:. 2212:. 2204:, 2144:, 2049:. 2000:. 1938:. 1889:. 1881:, 1579:, 1496:, 1448:. 1334:, 1138:, 1134:, 1024:, 1020:, 1016:, 888:, 861:. 757:. 749:, 745:, 741:, 666:. 654:, 605:. 583:, 560:. 501:, 497:, 493:, 477:, 438:: 434:; 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