1608:
1486:
424:
3756:
965:
1294:
800:
1555:
54:
156:. Different cultures and countries invented their own constellations, some of which lasted into the early 20th century before today's constellations were internationally recognized. The recognition of constellations has changed significantly over time. Many changed in size or shape. Some became popular, only to drop into obscurity. Some were limited to a single culture or nation. Naming constellations also helped astronomers and navigators identify stars more easily.
45:
1306:
5009:
1080:
3788:, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved), Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1st Edition, elephant folio hardcover, with small transparency overlay coordinate grid square and separate paper magnitude legend ruler. 2nd Edition 1972 and 1978 reprint, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved), Prague, Czechoslovakia, and Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge, MA,
5911:
5935:
65:
674:
5887:
785:(in modern Iraq) dating to 3000 BC provide the earliest generally accepted evidence for humankind's identification of constellations. It seems that the bulk of the Mesopotamian constellations were created within a relatively short interval from around 1300 to 1000 BC. Mesopotamian constellations appeared later in many of the classical Greek constellations.
5923:
3548:
1485:
74:
5899:
1191:, charts depicted more stars but retained the traditional constellations. Newly observed stars were incorporated as supplementary to old constellations in the southern sky, which did not depict the traditional stars recorded by ancient Chinese astronomers. Further improvements were made during the later part of the Ming dynasty by
1607:
3850:, Epoch 2000.0, Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge, MA, and European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Subtitle: "An All-Sky Atlas Comprising One Million Stars to Visual Magnitude Eleven from the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues and Ten Thousand Nonstellar Objects". 3 volumes, hardcover,
328:). These terms historically referred to any recognisable pattern of stars whose appearance was associated with mythological characters or creatures, earthbound animals, or objects. Over time, among European astronomers, the constellations became clearly defined and widely recognised. In the 20th century, the
1589:
1339:
The history of southern constellations is not straightforward. Different groupings and different names were proposed by various observers, some reflecting national traditions or designed to promote various sponsors. Southern constellations were important from the 14th to 16th centuries, when sailors
1235:
Some of the early constellations were never universally adopted. Stars were often grouped into constellations differently by different observers, and the arbitrary constellation boundaries often led to confusion as to which constellation a celestial object belonged. Before astronomers delineated
406:
The 88 constellations recognized by the IAU as well as those by cultures throughout history are imagined figures and shapes derived from the patterns of stars in the observable sky. Many officially recognized constellations are based on the imaginations of ancient, Near
Eastern and Mediterranean
386:
Stars in constellations can appear near each other in the sky, but they usually lie at a variety of distances away from the Earth. Since each star has its own independent motion, all constellations will change slowly over time. After tens to hundreds of thousands of years, familiar outlines will
1477:
that, together, cover the entire celestial sphere; this list was finally published in 1930. Where possible, these modern constellations usually share the names of their Graeco-Roman predecessors, such as Orion, Leo, or
Scorpius. The aim of this system is area-mapping, i.e. the division of the
2127:; Damour, T; Fukushima, T; Guinot, B; Huang, T.-Y; Lindegren, L; Ma, C; Nordtvedt, K; Ries, J. C; Seidelmann, P. K; Vokrouhlický, D; Will, C. M; Xu, C (2003). "The IAU 2000 Resolutions for Astrometry, Celestial Mechanics, and Metrology in the Relativistic Framework: Explanatory Supplement".
277:
are not constellations under the formal definition, but are also used by observers to navigate the night sky. Asterisms may be several stars within a constellation, or they may share stars with more than one constellation. Examples of asterisms include the teapot within the constellation
1464:
produced a list of 88 constellations with three-letter abbreviations for them. However, these constellations did not have clear borders between them. In 1928, the IAU formally accepted the 88 modern constellations, with contiguous boundaries along vertical and horizontal lines of
1215:
Historically, the origins of the constellations of the northern and southern skies are distinctly different. Most northern constellations date to antiquity, with names based mostly on
Classical Greek legends. Evidence of these constellations has survived in the form of
524:. The zodiac appears directly overhead from latitudes of 23.5° north to 23.5° south, depending on the time of year. In summer, the ecliptic appears higher up in the daytime and lower at night, while in winter the reverse is true, for both hemispheres.
1045:; it remains unclear when this occurred, but most were placed during the Roman period between 2nd to 4th centuries AD. The oldest known depiction of the zodiac showing all the now familiar constellations, along with some original Egyptian constellations,
1207:, 1628). Traditional Chinese star maps incorporated 23 new constellations with 125 stars of the southern hemisphere of the sky based on the knowledge of Western star charts; with this improvement, the Chinese Sky was integrated with the World astronomy.
1535:
The constellations have no official symbols, though those of the ecliptic may take the signs of the zodiac. Symbols for the other modern constellations, as well as older ones that still occur in modern nomenclature, have occasionally been published.
1328:, was only partially catalogued by ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Persian astronomers of the north. The knowledge that northern and southern star patterns differed goes back to Classical writers, who describe, for example, the
1588:
848:
constellations from the 6th century BC. The Greeks adopted the
Babylonian constellations in the 4th century BC. Twenty Ptolemaic constellations are from the Ancient Near East. Another ten have the same stars but different names.
1121:
are some of the most important observations of
Chinese sky, attested from the 5th century BC. Parallels to the earliest Babylonian (Sumerian) star catalogues suggest that the ancient Chinese system did not arise independently.
2445:
Rappenglück, M. (1997). "The
Pleiades in the "Salle des Taureaux", grotte de Lascaux. Does a rock picture in the cave of Lascaux show the open star cluster of the Pleiades at the Magdalénien era (ca 15.300 BC?"".
3806:(1970), Cartographic Division of the National Geographic Society (NGS), Washington, DC, two-sided large map chart depicting the constellations of the heavens; as a special supplement to the August 1970 issue of
2181:"Resolution C1 on the Definition of a Spectroscopic "Barycentric Radial-Velocity Measure". Special Issue: Preliminary Program of the XXVth GA in Sydney, July 13–26, 2003 Information Bulletin n° 91"
1445:, with early modern modifications and additions (most importantly introducing constellations covering the parts of the southern sky unknown to Ptolemy) by Petrus Plancius (1592, 1597/98 and 1613),
423:
4739:
1041:
tradition of anthropomorphic figures represented the planets, stars, and various constellations. Some of these were combined with Greek and
Babylonian astronomical systems culminating in the
105:, showing the stars as they would appear to an observer looking down upon the imaginary celestial sphere from the outside (left); and illustration from the medieval Persian astronomical text
5326:
1267:
assigned stars to individual constellations and formalized the division by assigning a series of Greek and Latin letters to the stars within each constellation. These are known today as
367:. Depending on the definition, equatorial constellations may include those that lie between declinations 45° north and 45° south, or those that pass through the declination range of the
5045:
1236:
precise boundaries (starting in the 19th century), constellations generally appeared as ill-defined regions of the sky. Today they now follow officially accepted designated lines of
1515:
first made his proposal to designate boundaries for the celestial sphere, a suggestion on which
Delporte based his work. The consequence of this early date is that because of the
430:
1691:
1449:(1690) and Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1763), who introduced fourteen new constellations. Lacaille studied the stars of the southern hemisphere from 1751 until 1752 from the
744:
is the closest star approximating a southern pole star, but is faint in the night sky. Thus, the pole can be triangulated using the constellation Crux as well as the stars
4703:
3074:
1701:
1492:
1478:
celestial sphere into contiguous fields. Out of the 88 modern constellations, 36 lie predominantly in the northern sky, and the other 52 predominantly in the southern.
1566:
The Great Rift, a series of dark patches in the Milky Way, is most visible in the southern sky. Some cultures have discerned shapes in these patches. Members of the
4732:
4201:
5319:
1004:, dating to the 3rd century BC. The most complete existing works dealing with the mythical origins of the constellations are by the Hellenistic writer termed
5038:
3892:, Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, VA, 3 volumes, hardcover. Vol. 1 (1987): "The Northern Hemisphere to −6°", by Wil Tirion, Barry Rappaport, and George Lovi,
773:, southern France, depict star constellations such as Taurus, Orion's Belt, and the Pleiades. However, this view is not generally accepted among scientists.
4091:, New Haven, CN. Referred to commonly as "Bright Star Catalogue". Various editions with various authors historically, the longest term revising author as
4725:
1696:
1385:
969:
658:
is high up in the west. Virgo is to the west, with Libra southwest and
Scorpius south. Sagittarius and Capricorn are southeast. Cygnus (containing the
5312:
5012:
1706:
1601:– a constellation defined by dark clouds rather than by stars. The head of the emu is the Coalsack with Crux directly above. Scorpius is to the left.
1170:
2469:
Cunningham, D. (2011). "The Oldest Maps of the World: Deciphering the Hand
Paintings of Cueva de El Castillo Cave in Spain and Lascaux in France".
1433:
A list of 88 constellations was produced for the IAU in 1922. It is roughly based on the traditional Greek constellations listed by Ptolemy in his
5031:
1314:
1058:
2043:
1527:, are already somewhat skewed and no longer perfectly vertical or horizontal. This effect will increase over the years and centuries to come.
4696:
3953:
3941:
3929:
3838:
3678:
3660:
3645:
3619:
3524:
3431:
3330:
2880:
2851:
2819:
2745:
2665:
2635:
2608:
2567:
2353:
2107:
2082:
1761:
1184:
of the Chinese sky on a stone plate; it is done accurately based on observations, and it shows the supernova of the year of 1054 in Taurus.
647:: also in the east (and progressively closer to the horizon) are Cancer and Leo. In addition to Taurus, Perseus and Auriga appear overhead.
4194:
2370:
3556:
2970:
1392:, who also split the ancient constellation Argo Navis into three; these new figures appeared in his star catalogue, published in 1756.
3497:
2789:
2261:
635:) appears to the northeast, while Cassiopeia is the northwest. To the west are Pisces (above the horizon) and Aries. To the southwest
1359:
Many of the 88 IAU-recognized constellations in this region first appeared on celestial globes developed in the late 16th century by
4076:
4068:
4060:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
3917:
3905:
3897:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3793:
3701:
3693:
3584:
1613:
Inca dark cloud constellations in the Mayu (Celestial River), or the Milky Way; Crux is above Yutu, while the eyes of the Llama are
1232:). Some southern constellations had long names that were shortened to more usable forms; e.g. Musca Australis became simply Musca.
3755:
5687:
4689:
3190:
2936:
1863:
329:
251:
113:
4176:. PLOS ONE 17(7): e0272270 (2022). A comparative analysis on the structure of constellation line figures across 56 sky cultures.
4138:
1686:
1657:
1575:
964:
258:, and in 1928 adopted official constellation boundaries that together cover the entire celestial sphere. Any given point in a
5975:
5965:
4187:
2187:
31:
4133:
3900:
hardcover, printed boards. Vol. 2 (1988): "The Southern Hemisphere to +6°", by Wil Tirion, Barry Rappaport and George Lovi,
539:
is inclined 60° from the ecliptic, between Taurus and Gemini (north) and Scorpius and Sagittarius (south and near which the
5970:
4211:
1918:
1428:
1293:
699:
612:
333:
255:
240:
5877:
5582:
3808:
1396:
3566:
5552:
5427:
4961:
4577:
4082:
3799:
2395:
1403:, for example, proposed constellations that were once popular but have since been dropped. The northern constellation
1196:
513:
279:
259:
982:
There is only limited information on ancient Greek constellations, with some fragmentary evidence being found in the
407:
mythologies. Some of these stories seem to relate to the appearance of the constellations, e.g. the assassination of
266:
include the constellation where a given celestial object is found to convey its approximate location in the sky. The
799:
5842:
5241:
4821:
4422:
4307:
2420:
2227:
1652:
1166:
812:
552:
287:
4761:
4222:
2304:
1807:
Britton, John P. (2010). "Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac".
1766:
1578:
also describes dark cloud constellations, the most famous being the "emu in the sky" whose head is formed by the
1474:
1389:
659:
400:
364:
5542:
1554:
1228:. Southern constellations are more modern inventions, sometimes as substitutes for ancient constellations (e.g.
829:, an expanded and revised version based on more accurate observation from around 1000 BC. However, the numerous
5562:
5557:
5547:
5462:
5437:
5392:
5377:
5357:
5347:
5281:
4891:
4881:
4766:
4587:
4417:
4397:
4237:
3882:
hardcover. Softcover version available. Supplemental separate purchasable coordinate grid transparent overlays.
794:
663:
521:
5507:
4157:
Adobe Flash interactive web browser planetarium and stardome with realistic movement of stars and the planets.
1962:
1642:
992:, who mentioned the "heavenly bodies". Greek astronomy essentially adopted the older Babylonian system in the
5502:
1173:). As maps were prepared during this period on more scientific lines, they were considered as more reliable.
207:. The traditional 48 constellations, consisting of the zodiac and 36 more (now 38, following the division of
5955:
5752:
5154:
5130:
4941:
4936:
4831:
4670:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4337:
4317:
4173:
2215:
1364:
959:
651:
556:
5477:
5452:
243:
were added from the 15th century until the mid-18th century when European explorers began traveling to the
53:
5650:
5577:
5572:
5537:
5492:
5447:
5432:
5417:
5367:
5226:
5197:
4976:
4946:
4886:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4801:
4771:
4607:
4592:
4547:
4407:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4302:
4277:
4242:
3821:
3633:
3603:
2954:
2010:
1988:
1647:
1637:
1632:
1545:
1516:
1496:
Equirectangular plot of declination vs right ascension of stars brighter than apparent magnitude 5 on the
1245:
1118:
1070:
644:
639:
is near the horizon. Up high and to the south are Orion and Taurus. To the southeast above the horizon is
584:
560:
548:
544:
493:
489:
485:
477:
321:
5847:
5757:
5597:
5497:
5472:
5407:
5397:
5352:
5335:
5256:
5246:
5115:
4996:
4931:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4871:
4786:
4647:
4517:
4502:
4482:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4437:
4427:
4387:
4252:
4099:. 3rd Edition (1964), 4th Edition, 5th Edition (1991), and 6th Edition (pending posthumous) by Hoffleit.
4087:
3846:
1681:
1671:
1416:
1329:
1288:
1284:
1142:
1134:
1102:
735:
564:
505:
501:
481:
267:
100:
85:
4047:(Cambridge) softcover. 2nd Edition (1991) with additional third author François Ochsenbein, 2 volumes,
3816:, as a special supplement to the December 1957 issue. Current version 2001 (Tirion), with 2007 reprint.
2343:
1500:, coded by spectral type and apparent magnitude, relative to the modern constellations and the ecliptic
4139:
Studies of Occidental Constellations and Star Names to the Classical Period: An Annotated Bibliography
2898:"The epoch of the constellations on the Farnese Atlas and their origin in Hipparchus's lost catalogue"
2047:
1558:
The Milky Way as seen from Earth, with prominent dark features labeled in white, as well as prominent
620:, being the North Star, is the approximate center of the northern celestial hemisphere. It is part of
387:
become unrecognizable. Astronomers can predict the past or future constellation outlines by measuring
5960:
5852:
5802:
5797:
5762:
5680:
5630:
5382:
5362:
5291:
5192:
5125:
5105:
4642:
4522:
4472:
4412:
3738:
3717:
3625:
3470:
3051:
3005:
2912:
2533:
2500:
2451:
2146:
1771:
1676:
1461:
1454:
1368:
1341:
1154:
873:
727:
580:
388:
274:
231:
188:
138:
3129:
Early Star Catalogues of the Southern Sky: De Houtman, Kepler (Second and Third Classes), and Halley
3070:
On Frederick de Houtman's Catalogue of Southern Stars, and the Origin of the Southern Constellations
2277:
5939:
5787:
5747:
5422:
5072:
4901:
4776:
4622:
4447:
4247:
3729:
Rogers, John H. (1998). "Origins of the Ancient Constellations: II. The Mediterranean Traditions".
2521:
1497:
1333:
1017:
1005:
1000:
in the 4th century BC. The original work of Eudoxus is lost, but it survives as a versification by
877:
600:
596:
497:
454:
380:
263:
244:
106:
3439:
2575:
5927:
5915:
5767:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5517:
4167:
3761:
3708:
Rogers, John H. (1998). "Origins of the Ancient Constellations: I. The Mesopotamian Traditions".
3021:
2928:
2716:
2162:
2136:
1832:
1824:
1200:
1098:
1038:
955:
869:
861:
195:
astronomy. Constellations appear in Western culture via Greece and are mentioned in the works of
3256:
3042:(1951). "Out of Old Books (Pieter Dircksz Keijser, Delineator of the Southern Constellations)".
1883:
1305:
1057:
remained the standard definition of constellations in the medieval period both in Europe and in
270:
of a star, for example, consists of a number and the genitive form of the constellation's name.
2841:
1145:). Chen Zhuo's work has been lost, but information on his system of constellations survives in
44:
5792:
5779:
5742:
5737:
5712:
5704:
5592:
5567:
5467:
5412:
4161:
4096:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3949:
3937:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3893:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3834:
3789:
3697:
3689:
3674:
3656:
3641:
3615:
3520:
3514:
3493:
3326:
3039:
2876:
2847:
2815:
2785:
2779:
2741:
2661:
2631:
2604:
2549:
2491:
Rogers, J. H (1998). "Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions".
2349:
2257:
2103:
2078:
2071:
1730:
1512:
1508:
1450:
1446:
1349:
1268:
1249:
1204:
1177:
1126:
1074:
1034:
997:
830:
816:
804:
408:
360:
200:
93:
4031:
softcover. Vol. 2 (1985) – "Volume 2: Double Stars, Variable Stars, and Nonstellar Objects",
3320:
2568:"History of the Constellations and Star Names – D.4: Sumerian constellations and star names?"
1153:. The oldest extant Chinese star chart dates to that period and was preserved as part of the
472:, the zodiac is distributed equally across hemispheres (along the ecliptic), approximating a
17:
5891:
5828:
5587:
5522:
4951:
4841:
4552:
4347:
3013:
2974:
2920:
2708:
2541:
2154:
2124:
1841:
he zodiac was introduced between −408 and −397 and probably within a very few years of −400.
1816:
1404:
1353:
1271:. Subsequent star atlases led to the development of today's accepted modern constellations.
1094:
1083:
838:
458:
450:
376:
348:
130:
2784:. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 171.
2123:
Soffel, M; Klioner, S. A; Petit, G; Wolf, P; Kopeikin, S. M; Bretagnon, P; Brumberg, V. A;
752:(about 30° counterclockwise from Crux) of the constellation Centaurus (arching over Crux).
5732:
5673:
5532:
4846:
4352:
4092:
3146:
1549:
1466:
1360:
1318:
1310:
1237:
993:
942:
865:
857:
853:
667:
540:
396:
3461:
Dearborn, D.S.P.; White, R.E. (1983). "The 'Torreon' of Machu Picchu as an Observatory".
3369:
2873:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
2843:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
1945:"constellation | Origin and meaning of constellation by Online Etymology Dictionary"
141:
or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object.
3742:
3721:
3474:
3319:
Marc Lachièze-Rey; Jean-Pierre Luminet; Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Paris (2001).
3055:
3009:
2916:
2537:
2504:
2455:
2150:
5864:
5857:
5487:
5402:
5177:
5149:
5081:
4342:
4282:
4272:
3966:, various editions. 2nd Deluxe Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
3796:
oversize folio softcover spiral-bound, with transparency overlay coordinate grid ruler.
3781:, Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge, MA, with coordinate grid transparency overlay.
3770:
2897:
1614:
1400:
1345:
1042:
1013:
984:
845:
745:
741:
686:
532:
313:
2545:
5949:
5527:
5482:
5457:
5442:
3991:, Cambridge University Press and Sky Publishing Corporation, 1st Edition, 2 volumes.
3920:
hardcover, printed boards. 2nd Edition 2001 as collective set of 3 volumes – Vol. 1:
3025:
2868:
2720:
2681:
1836:
1618:
1574:
in the Milky Way as animals and associated their appearance with the seasonal rains.
1298:
1221:
1114:
766:
749:
317:
149:
4148:
4109:
3234:
3186:
3165:
2932:
2166:
5903:
5387:
5251:
4487:
2180:
1897:
1793:
1372:
1264:
1188:
1162:
1158:
1106:
528:
473:
4134:
Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center Files on official IAU constellation boundaries
3409:
2735:
1079:
4143:
3347:
3212:
2809:
2762:
2655:
2625:
2598:
2027:
1857:
1794:"Constellation | Definition, Origin, History, & Facts | Britannica"
1137:. The constellations of the three schools were conflated into a single system by
461:
appears to rotate west, with stars circling counterclockwise around the northern
5286:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4612:
4297:
4292:
4287:
3830:
3666:
3107:
3087:
1944:
1922:
1571:
1470:
1380:
1325:
1280:
1260:
1241:
1217:
1181:
1146:
881:
833:
in these catalogues suggest that they built on older, but otherwise unattested,
782:
640:
517:
4179:
3017:
2924:
1332:
expedition commissioned by Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II in c. 600 BC and those of
247:. Due to Roman and European transmission, each constellation has a Latin name.
5807:
5512:
5372:
5095:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4781:
4637:
4632:
4617:
4327:
3959:
3885:
2712:
1820:
1559:
1408:
1376:
1229:
1225:
1192:
1150:
1130:
917:"heap" (Job 9:9, 38:31–32), rendered as "Arcturus, Orion and Pleiades" by the
719:
632:
628:
621:
568:
469:
435:
392:
356:
352:
303:
283:
216:
208:
145:
1507:
The boundaries developed by Delporte used data that originated back to epoch
5823:
5635:
5207:
5187:
5168:
5159:
4926:
4866:
4826:
4657:
4567:
4512:
4492:
4452:
4377:
4312:
4079:(Cambridge) softcover and 0-933346-38-7 softcover – reprint of 1985 edition.
3298:
2249:
1138:
927:
709:
682:
592:
572:
536:
462:
226:
180:
179:
all traverse). The origins of the zodiac remain historically uncertain; its
153:
5054:
The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries
4796:
4262:
3396:
The Star Book: Stargazing Throughout the Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere
2553:
1412:
655:
3322:
Celestial Treasury: From the Music of the Spheres to the Conquest of Space
3277:
2996:
Swerdlow, N. M. (August 1986). "A Star Catalogue Used by Johannes Bayer".
5837:
5231:
4966:
4876:
4582:
4392:
4332:
2216:
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/extra/constellations.html
2141:
1579:
1022:
864:
as the middle signs of the four-quarters of the Zodiac, with the Lion as
825:
715:
In July, Ara (adjacent to Triangulum Australe) and Scorpius can be seen.
509:
368:
344:
221:
164:
4681:
1828:
5202:
5182:
4971:
4956:
4749:
4602:
4597:
4572:
4442:
2699:
Lorimer, H. L. (1951). "Stars and Constellations in Homer and Hesiod".
1520:
1087:
1050:
1027:
1009:
770:
673:
617:
411:
by Scorpius, their constellations appearing at opposite times of year.
340:
212:
192:
3759:
Ottoman period celestial map, signs of the Zodiac and lunar mansions (
64:
5696:
5640:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5236:
5221:
5216:
5140:
5135:
5110:
5100:
4791:
4652:
4627:
4557:
4542:
4507:
4432:
4402:
4382:
4267:
4257:
4227:
1438:
1344:. Italian explorers who recorded new southern constellations include
1110:
1046:
1001:
989:
731:
705:
576:
372:
204:
196:
176:
160:
4154:
4052:
4004:
3996:
2228:"Forest for the Trees – Why We Recognize Faces & Constellations"
148:. People used them to relate stories of their beliefs, experiences,
5898:
3908:
hardcover, printed boards. Vol. 3 (1993) as a separate added work:
3653:
Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy
3278:"The original names and abbreviations for constellations from 1922"
2158:
1453:, when he was said to have observed more than 10,000 stars using a
1395:
Several modern proposals have not survived. The French astronomers
1097:
had a long tradition of observing celestial phenomena. Nonspecific
73:
5625:
5276:
5120:
4836:
4562:
4497:
4322:
4121:
3754:
1553:
1524:
1407:
survived into the 19th century (when its name was attached to the
1304:
1292:
1078:
963:
834:
798:
672:
636:
446:
3372:, (Centre de Donneés astronomiques de Strasbourg, February 1990).
2371:"The Solar System has a second plane where objects orbit the Sun"
1220:, whose oldest representation appears on the statue known as the
946:
in Job 38:32, and it might refer to the zodiacal constellations.
650:
From the same latitude, in July, Cassiopeia (low in the sky) and
312:, which can be translated as "set of stars"; it came into use in
5645:
5090:
5067:
4921:
4477:
4367:
4232:
4115:
1567:
723:
678:
588:
236:
172:
134:
116:(left); and photograph of the night sky with drawn lines (right)
5669:
5308:
5027:
4721:
4685:
4183:
2811:
The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society
225:. The formation of constellations was the subject of extensive
4095:. 1st Edition 1908. 2nd Edition 1940 by Frank Schlesinger and
3541:
1596:
1297:
Sketch of the southern celestial sky by Portuguese astronomer
1224:, based perhaps on the star catalogue of the Greek astronomer
918:
884:
also makes reference to a number of constellations, including
815:
of stars and constellations date back to the beginning of the
168:
3383:
Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris for the year 1833
1990:
Glossary of navigation: a vade mecum for practical navigators
654:
appear to the northeast. Ursa Major is now in the northwest.
30:
This article is about the star grouping. For other uses, see
4174:
Bucur D. The network signature of constellation line figures
2516:
2514:
856:
interpreted some of the creatures mentioned in the books of
3686:
The New Patterns in the Sky: Myths and Legends of the Stars
3516:
Flags of the Night Sky: When Astronomy Meets National Pride
3112:
On the Dispersal of Knowledge of the Southern Celestial Sky
2278:"Best Constellations Season-by-Season: Southern Hemisphere"
1898:"DOCdb Deep Sky Observer's Companion – the online database"
968:
Egyptian star chart and decanal clock, from the ceiling of
4149:
Online Text: Hyginus, Astronomica translated by Mary Grant
2737:
Ancient Egyptian Science: Calendars, clocks, and astronomy
925:"the bier" actually corresponding to Ursa Major. The term
575:(near the celestial equator), and southern constellations
445:
Constellation positions change throughout the year due to
159:
Twelve (or thirteen) ancient constellations belong to the
5665:
4127:
2781:
Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth
2348:. New York: A. A. Knopf. pp. 134–162, 405–420.
547:(near the celestial equator) and northern constellations
3519:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 124–.
1550:
Molecular cloud § List of molecular cloud complexes
3610:, G. E. Stechert, New York, hardcover; reprint 1963 as
2846:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 2022.
1363:, based mainly on observations of the Dutch navigators
624:, constituting the end of the Little Dipper's handle.
3912:, by Murray Cragin, James Lucyk, and Barry Rappaport,
449:
on Earth occurring at gradually different portions of
5875:
3936:, by Wil Tirion, Barry Rappaport, and Will Remaklus,
3924:, by Wil Tirion, Barry Rappaport, and Will Remaklus,
3844:
Sinnott, Roger W. and Perryman, Michael A.C. (1997)
3492:. Mineola: Dover Publications, Inc. pp. 47–51.
2032:, Science series, American Book Company, p. 220
5816:
5776:
5703:
3044:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
1388:more were created in 1763 by the French astronomer
1180:, which was prepared with carvings of stars on the
2764:Zodiac of Dendera, epitome. (Exhib., Leic. square)
2524:(2006). "The Origin of the Greek Constellations".
2070:
1523:, the borders on a modern star map, such as epoch
1012:. The basis of Western astronomy as taught during
543:can be found). The galaxy appears to pass through
476:. Zodiacal constellations of the northern sky are
339:A constellation or star that never sets below the
3075:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2098:Kovalevsky, Jean; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2004).
2029:The story of the stars: New descriptive astronomy
1993:(3rd ed.). Portsmouth: Griffin. p. 142.
1187:Influenced by European astronomy during the late
1157:. Native Chinese astronomy flourished during the
3092:Early Explorations of the Southern Celestial Sky
2345:The Audubon Society Field Guide to the Night Sky
2077:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 369.
627:From latitudes of around 35° north, in January,
3731:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
3710:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2682:"H5906 - ʿayiš - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV)"
2493:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2044:"Do Constellations Ever Break Apart or Change?"
781:Inscribed stones and clay writing tablets from
765:It has been suggested that the 17,000-year-old
262:lies in one of the modern constellations. Some
3910:The Deep Sky Field Guide to Uranometria 2000.0
3651:Kelley, David H. and Milone, Eugene F. (2004)
3598:Mythology, lore, history, and archaeoastronomy
3213:"Constellation names, abbreviations and sizes"
1987:Harbord, John Bradley; Goodwin, H. B. (1897).
1733:correspond to the period of a constellation's
1570:civilization identified various dark areas or
643:. Appearing above and to the east of Orion is
5681:
5320:
5039:
4733:
4697:
4195:
3987:Hirshfeld, Alan and Sinnott, Roger W. (1982)
2305:"The Moving Stars of the Southern Hemisphere"
2004:
2002:
2000:
1457:with an aperture of 0.5 inches (13 mm).
1176:A well-known map from the Song period is the
1133:are attributed to astronomers of the earlier
465:and clockwise around the southern pole star.
438:with dotted line indicating zodiac (ecliptic)
8:
4007:vol. 1. "Volume 1: Stars to Magnitude 8.0",
3370:"A Catalogue of Constellation Boundary Data"
3181:
3179:
3127:Verbunt, Frank; van Gent, Robert H. (2011).
2835:
2833:
2831:
2649:
2647:
1859:Délimitation scientifique des constellations
1756:
1754:
931:
912:
907:
901:
896:
890:
885:
685:can be used to find the southern pole star,
3984:, Sky Publishing Corporation, Cambridge, MA
2875:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 910.
1411:meteor shower), but is now divided between
359:, all constellations south or north of the
307:
254:(IAU) formally accepted the modern list of
144:The first constellations likely go back to
112:Bottom: Contemporary map of Orion from the
5688:
5674:
5666:
5327:
5313:
5305:
5046:
5032:
5024:
4740:
4726:
4718:
4704:
4690:
4682:
4202:
4188:
4180:
4124:free 3D realtime space-simulation (OpenGL)
3982:Atlas of the Heavens – II Catalogue 1950.0
3827:Norton's Star Atlas and Reference Handbook
3688:, McDonald & Woodward Publishing Co.,
3325:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
2701:The Annual of the British School at Athens
2186:. IAU Secretariat. July 2002. p. 50.
1692:Constellations listed by Johannes Hevelius
726:and Triangulum Australe (near Centaurus),
718:Constellations near the pole star include
3640:, Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY,
3614:, Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY,
3585:Learn how and when to remove this message
3166:"Lacaille's southern planisphere of 1756"
2486:
2484:
2140:
1851:
1849:
211:into three constellations) are listed by
3980:, Praha, 1960 Prague. Published 1964 as
2256:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing.
1702:Constellations listed by Petrus Plancius
1199:, the German Jesuit and was recorded in
1171:Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
1008:and an early Roman writer styled pseudo-
5882:
4130:realtime sky rendering program (OpenGL)
4071:(Cambridge) softcover . Vol. 2 (1999):
3946:Uranometria 2000.0 Deep Sky Field Guide
3858:. Vol. 1, 0–8 Hours (Right Ascension),
3636:, New York, hardcover; reprint 2004 as
3257:"Nicolas Louis de Lacaille at the Cape"
2808:Xiaochun Sun; Jacob Kistemaker (1997).
1750:
1723:
1584:
1582:, a dark nebula, instead of the stars.
1315:Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography
712:(near Hydrus and Mensa, respectively).
2803:
2801:
2069:Koupelis, Theo; Kuhn, Karl F. (2007).
1877:
1875:
1873:
844:The classical Zodiac is a revision of
27:Group of stars on the celestial sphere
2630:. Coral Ridge Ministries Media, Inc.
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
1809:Archive for History of Exact Sciences
1275:Origin of the southern constellations
273:Other star patterns or groups called
7:
3638:Star Lore: Myths, Legends, and Facts
3147:"Johann Bayer's southern star chart"
2998:Journal for the History of Astronomy
2942:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2905:Journal for the History of Astronomy
1371:. These became widely known through
1141:, an astronomer of the 3rd century (
5518:Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii
3948:by Murray Cragin and Emil Bonanno,
3944:hardcover, printed boards; Vol. 3:
3932:hardcover, printed boards; Vol. 2:
3410:"A Great Week to See the Milky Way"
3368:A.C. Davenhall & S.K. Leggett,
2193:from the original on 9 October 2022
1324:The southern sky, below about −65°
932:
908:
897:
886:
756:History of the early constellations
92:Top: Baroque drawing of Orion from
5413:Honores Friderici/Gloria Frederici
3612:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
2740:. American Philosophical Society.
2657:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
2624:Dennis James Kennedy (June 1989).
2369:Sutter, Paul M. (9 October 2020).
1165:became increasingly influenced by
25:
3934:Uranometria 2000.0 Deep Sky Atlas
3922:Uranometria 2000.0 Deep Sky Atlas
2896:Schaefer, Bradley E. (May 2005).
2546:10.1038/scientificamerican1106-96
1697:Constellations listed by Lacaille
1627:List of dark cloud constellations
5933:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5338:(including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)
5008:
5007:
3874:hardcover; Vol. 3, 16–24 Hours,
3546:
3348:"Benjamin Apthorp Gould and the
3191:International Astronomical Union
2254:The Stars: A New Way to See Them
2230:. Nautilus Magazine. 19 May 2014
1864:International Astronomical Union
1707:Constellations listed by Ptolemy
1606:
1587:
1484:
996:, first introduced to Greece by
876:, and the Eagle standing in for
422:
391:of individual stars by accurate
330:International Astronomical Union
252:International Astronomical Union
215:, a Greco-Roman astronomer from
84:Four views of the constellation
72:
63:
52:
43:
5064:Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c
4151:Greco-Roman constellation myths
3866:hardcover; Vol. 2, 8–16 Hours,
2574:. 21 April 2015. Archived from
1687:Lists of stars by constellation
1576:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
1086:with a cylindrical projection (
704:January constellations include
681:and the 'Southern Pointers' of
4112:, including high quality maps.
3819:Norton, Arthur Philip. (1910)
3408:Rao, Joe (11 September 2009).
2627:The Real Meaning of the Zodiac
2102:. Cambridge University Press.
1967:Oxford Dictionary of Astronomy
1919:"A Complete List of Asterisms"
1030:, written in the 2nd century.
761:Lascaux Caves, southern France
666:is high in the sky along with
343:when viewed from a particular
32:Constellation (disambiguation)
1:
3978:Atlas Coeli II Katalog 1950.0
3962:and Sinnott, Roger W. (1998)
3608:Star-Names And Their Meanings
3569:and help improve the section.
2840:Selin, Helaine Elise (2008).
2597:E. William Bullinger (2015).
2303:Dyer, Alan (19 August 2016).
1762:"Definition of constellation"
1429:IAU designated constellations
1252:1875.0 in his star catalogue
973:
700:Southern celestial hemisphere
613:Northern celestial hemisphere
316:during the 14th century. The
184:
18:History of the constellations
5612:obsolete constellation names
4748:48 constellations listed by
3956:, hardcover, printed boards.
3673:2nd ed., Lutterworth Press,
3513:Bordeleau, André G. (2013).
3385:(Board of Admiralty, London)
3133:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3078:, Vol. 77, pp. 414–32)
2212:What Are the Constellations?
2026:Steele, Joel Dorman (1884),
1317:, by the Dutch cartographer
1113:, dating back to the middle
803:Babylonian tablet recording
239:. Constellations in the far
133:in which a group of visible
5553:Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae
4083:Yale University Observatory
3802:. (1957, 1970, 2001, 2007)
3800:National Geographic Society
3684:Staal, Julius D. W. (1988)
3490:Echoes of the Ancient Skies
3235:"Star Tales – The Almagest"
2342:Chartrand, Mark R. (1991).
2214:, University of Wisconsin,
1197:Johann Adam Schall von Bell
1125:Three schools of classical
1101:, later categorized in the
913:
902:
891:
264:astronomical naming systems
260:celestial coordinate system
183:divisions became prominent
5992:
5843:Ecliptic coordinate system
4170:short essay by Gavin White
3751:Atlases and celestial maps
3299:"Constellation boundaries"
3118:, 35–37, pp. 211–30)
3018:10.1177/002182868601700304
2953:Norton, Arthur P. (1919).
2925:10.1177/002182860503600202
2100:Fundamentals of Astrometry
2009:Norton, Arthur P. (1959).
1884:"Star Tales: The final 88"
1653:Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex
1543:
1426:
1278:
1244:based on those defined by
1167:medieval Islamic astronomy
1068:
953:
792:
697:
610:
500:. In the southern sky are
320:word for constellation is
29:
5621:
5606:
5343:
5304:
5059:
5023:
5005:
4757:
4717:
4666:
4218:
4088:Catalogue of Bright Stars
2734:Marshall Clagett (1989).
2713:10.1017/S0068245400018359
2654:Richard H. Allen (2013).
1856:Delporte, Eugène (1930).
1821:10.1007/S00407-010-0064-Z
1767:Oxford English Dictionary
1737:due to the Sun's transit.
1540:Dark cloud constellations
1390:Nicolas Louis de Lacaille
1203:(Calendrical Treatise of
1178:Suzhou Astronomical Chart
468:Because of Earth's 23.5°
401:astronomical spectroscopy
5548:Sceptrum Brandenburgicum
4212:88 modern constellations
4160:Audio – Cain/Gay (2009)
3976:Becvar, Antonin. (1959)
3784:Becvar, Antonin. (1962)
2778:Needham, Joseph (1959).
2600:The Witness of the Stars
2396:"January Constellations"
2129:The Astronomical Journal
2073:In Quest of the Universe
1423:88 modern constellations
1330:African circumnavigation
795:Old Babylonian astronomy
286:in the constellation of
102:Firmamentum Sobiescianum
5336:Obsolete constellations
5087:Keyser & de Houtman
4671:Lists of constellations
4144:Table of Constellations
4110:IAU: The Constellations
4093:(Ellen) Dorrit Hoffleit
4063:(Cambridge) hardcover;
4039:(Cambridge) hardcover,
3825:, 20th Edition 2003 as
3604:Allen, Richard Hinckley
1437:in the 2nd century and
1365:Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser
960:Ancient Greek astronomy
872:, the Man representing
5573:Telescopium Herschelii
3766:
3068:Knobel, E. B. (1917).
2867:Sun, Xiaochun (1997).
2046:. NASA. Archived from
1648:Dark Horse (astronomy)
1633:Great Rift (astronomy)
1563:
1546:Great Rift (astronomy)
1321:
1302:
1211:Early modern astronomy
1091:
1071:Chinese constellations
979:
808:
690:
677:The Southern Cross in
334:88 constellations
308:
256:88 constellations
229:, most notably in the
5976:Concepts in astronomy
5966:Celestial cartography
5498:Officina Typographica
4712:Constellation history
3847:Millennium Star Atlas
3786:Atlas Borealis 1950.0
3758:
3630:Star Lore of All Ages
3626:Olcott, William Tyler
3488:Krupp, Edwin (1994).
3350:Uranometria Argentina
3098:44, pp. 439–70)
2448:Astronomy and Culture
2421:"July Constellations"
1882:Ridpath, Ian (2018).
1682:Former constellations
1672:Celestial cartography
1557:
1544:Further information:
1308:
1296:
1289:Former constellations
1285:Harmonia Macrocosmica
1259:The 1603 star atlas "
1254:Uranometria Argentina
1143:Three Kingdoms period
1135:Warring States period
1105:, have been found on
1103:twenty-eight mansions
1082:
1069:Further information:
967:
813:Babylonian catalogues
802:
676:
457:toward the east, the
389:common proper motions
268:Flamsteed designation
5971:History of astronomy
5853:Planets in astrology
3989:Sky Catalogue 2000.0
3814:A Map of The Heavens
3812:. Forerunner map as
3779:Atlas of the Heavens
3436:Astronomy.pomona.edu
3381:For example, in the
3187:"The Constellations"
2971:"Astronomical Epoch"
2522:Schaefer, Bradley E.
1925:on 29 September 2012
1677:Constellation family
1462:Henry Norris Russell
1455:refracting telescope
1369:Frederick de Houtman
1342:celestial navigation
1155:Dunhuang Manuscripts
1149:records, notably by
5423:Globus Aerostaticus
5073:Triangulum Australe
4623:Triangulum Australe
4118:, di Felice Stoppa.
3822:Norton's Star Atlas
3809:National Geographic
3743:1998JBAA..108...79R
3722:1998JBAA..108....9R
3634:G. P. Putnam's Sons
3475:1983JHAS...14...37D
3442:on 16 December 2010
3394:Peter Grego (2012)
3056:1951JRASC..45..215S
3010:1986JHA....17..189S
2956:Norton's Star Atlas
2917:2005JHA....36..167S
2578:on 7 September 2015
2538:2006SciAm.295e..96S
2526:Scientific American
2505:1998JBAA..108....9R
2456:1997ascu.conf..217R
2425:Constellation Guide
2400:Constellation Guide
2151:2003AJ....126.2687S
2012:Norton's Star Atlas
1643:Serpens–Aquila Rift
1498:Hipparcos Catalogue
1340:used the stars for
1334:Hanno the Navigator
1018:Early Modern period
1006:pseudo-Eratosthenes
950:Classical antiquity
938:a garland of crowns
819:, most notably the
694:Southern hemisphere
607:Northern hemisphere
597:Triangulum Australe
453:around the Sun. As
347:on Earth is termed
245:Southern Hemisphere
139:a perceived pattern
107:Book of Fixed Stars
5705:Astrological signs
4168:The Greek Star-Map
3890:Uranometria 2000.0
3767:
3762:Zubdat al-Tawarikh
3040:Hogg, Helen Sawyer
2603:. eKitap Projesi.
2050:on 13 October 2011
1949:www.etymonline.com
1731:Astrological signs
1564:
1322:
1303:
1269:Bayer designations
1099:Chinese star names
1092:
988:of the Greek poet
980:
956:Egyptian astronomy
837:traditions of the
809:
691:
662:) is to the east.
375:) ranging between
235:of the Latin poet
129:is an area on the
5873:
5872:
5780:Western astrology
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5593:Turdus Solitarius
5568:Taurus Poniatovii
5563:Tarandus/Rangifer
5468:Machina Electrica
5300:
5299:
5019:
5018:
4679:
4678:
4155:Neave Planetarium
4097:Louise F. Jenkins
4085:. (1908, et al.)
3954:978-0-943396-73-6
3942:978-0-943396-72-9
3930:978-0-943396-71-2
3839:978-0-13-145164-3
3679:978-0-718-89478-8
3661:978-0-387-95310-6
3646:978-0-486-43581-7
3620:978-0-486-21079-7
3595:
3594:
3587:
3526:978-1-4614-0929-8
3332:978-0-521-80040-2
3096:Annals of Science
2882:978-0-7923-4066-9
2853:978-1-4020-4559-2
2821:978-90-04-10737-3
2761:Denderah (1825).
2747:978-0-87169-214-6
2686:Blue Letter Bible
2667:978-0-486-13766-7
2637:978-1-929626-14-4
2610:978-963-527-403-1
2355:978-0-679-73354-6
2109:978-0-521-64216-3
2084:978-0-7637-4387-1
1774:on 2 January 2013
1513:Benjamin A. Gould
1511:, which was when
1451:Cape of Good Hope
1447:Johannes Hevelius
1350:Antonio Pigafetta
1161:, and during the
1127:Chinese astronomy
1075:Chinese astronomy
1059:Islamic astronomy
1043:Zodiac of Dendera
1035:Ptolemaic Kingdom
998:Eudoxus of Cnidus
852:Biblical scholar
817:Middle Bronze Age
789:Ancient Near East
531:'s 60° tilt, the
434:Spanish-language
397:radial velocities
361:celestial equator
332:(IAU) recognized
94:Johannes Hevelius
16:(Redirected from
5983:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5902:
5901:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5881:
5829:Axial precession
5690:
5683:
5676:
5667:
5588:Triangulum Minus
5523:Quadrans Muralis
5329:
5322:
5315:
5306:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5025:
5011:
5010:
4952:Piscis Austrinus
4842:Corona Australis
4742:
4735:
4728:
4719:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4683:
4553:Piscis Austrinus
4348:Corona Australis
4204:
4197:
4190:
4181:
4015:(Cambridge) and
3999:both vols., and
3964:Sky Atlas 2000.0
3888:; et al. (1987)
3746:
3725:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3570:
3565:Please read the
3561:may need cleanup
3550:
3549:
3542:
3531:
3530:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3463:Archaeoastronomy
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3438:. Archived from
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3405:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3373:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3142:
3136:
3125:
3119:
3116:Der Globusfreund
3105:
3099:
3085:
3079:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3036:
3030:
3029:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2973:. Archived from
2967:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2660:. Courier Corp.
2651:
2642:
2641:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2572:Gary D. Thompson
2564:
2558:
2557:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2471:Midnight Science
2466:
2460:
2459:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2339:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2144:
2142:astro-ph/0303376
2120:
2114:
2113:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1921:. Archived from
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1868:
1867:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1758:
1738:
1728:
1610:
1591:
1562:labeled in black
1488:
1405:Quadrans Muralis
1397:Pierre Lemonnier
1354:Amerigo Vespucci
1205:Chongzhen period
1084:Chinese star map
978:
975:
936:, translated as
935:
934:
916:
911:
910:
905:
900:
899:
894:
889:
888:
839:Early Bronze Age
821:Three Stars Each
631:(containing the
459:celestial sphere
426:
381:23.5° south
377:23.5° north
311:
219:, Egypt, in his
186:
163:(straddling the
131:celestial sphere
98:
76:
67:
56:
47:
21:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5934:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5910:
5908:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5812:
5778:
5772:
5699:
5694:
5664:
5655:
5617:
5602:
5533:Robur Carolinum
5339:
5333:
5296:
5055:
5052:
5015:
5001:
4847:Corona Borealis
4753:
4746:
4713:
4710:
4680:
4675:
4662:
4353:Corona Borealis
4214:
4208:
4106:
3973:
3777:. Published as
3771:Becvar, Antonin
3753:
3728:
3707:
3600:
3591:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3564:
3557:Further reading
3551:
3547:
3540:
3538:Further reading
3535:
3534:
3527:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3376:
3367:
3363:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3126:
3122:
3106:
3102:
3086:
3082:
3067:
3063:
3038:
3037:
3033:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2977:on 24 July 2011
2969:
2968:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2911:(123): 167–19.
2900:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2839:
2838:
2829:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2341:
2340:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2309:The Amazing Sky
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2135:(6): 2687–706.
2122:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1963:"Constellation"
1961:
1960:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1796:. 5 March 2024.
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1668:
1629:
1622:
1611:
1602:
1592:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1475:Eugene Delporte
1467:right ascension
1431:
1425:
1361:Petrus Plancius
1319:Frederik de Wit
1291:
1277:
1238:right ascension
1213:
1201:Chongzhen Lishu
1077:
1067:
1039:native Egyptian
994:Hellenistic era
976:
970:Senenmut's tomb
962:
952:
943:hapax legomenon
880:. The biblical
854:E. W. Bullinger
797:
791:
779:
763:
758:
702:
696:
668:Corona Borealis
615:
609:
541:Galactic Center
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:
432:
427:
417:
302:comes from the
296:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
96:
79:
78:
77:
69:
68:
59:
58:
57:
49:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5956:Constellations
5948:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5930:
5918:
5906:
5894:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5865:Zodiacal light
5862:
5861:
5860:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5834:Constellations
5831:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5782:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5631:Phoenicopterus
5628:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5488:Musca Borealis
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Custos Messium
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Canes Venatici
5171:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5150:Camelopardalis
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5084:
5082:Coma Berenices
5075:
5070:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5028:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Coma Berenices
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Canes Venatici
4280:
4275:
4273:Camelopardalis
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4164:Constellations
4162:Astronomy Cast
4158:
4152:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4116:Atlascoelestis
4113:
4105:
4104:External links
4102:
4101:
4100:
4080:
3985:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3883:
3842:
3817:
3797:
3782:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3726:
3705:
3682:
3664:
3649:
3623:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3554:
3552:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3505:
3499:978-0486428826
3498:
3480:
3453:
3423:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3338:
3331:
3311:
3290:
3269:
3247:
3225:
3203:
3175:
3156:
3137:
3120:
3100:
3080:
3061:
3031:
2988:
2962:
2945:
2888:
2881:
2859:
2852:
2827:
2820:
2797:
2791:978-0521058018
2790:
2770:
2753:
2746:
2726:
2691:
2673:
2666:
2643:
2636:
2616:
2609:
2589:
2559:
2510:
2480:
2461:
2437:
2412:
2387:
2375:Universe Today
2361:
2354:
2321:
2295:
2284:. 22 June 2023
2269:
2263:978-0547132808
2262:
2241:
2219:
2204:
2172:
2159:10.1086/378162
2115:
2108:
2090:
2083:
2061:
2035:
2018:
1996:
1979:
1954:
1936:
1910:
1889:
1869:
1845:
1799:
1785:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:Emu in the sky
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1593:
1586:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1427:Main article:
1424:
1421:
1401:Joseph Lalande
1346:Andrea Corsali
1336:in c. 500 BC.
1276:
1273:
1246:Benjamin Gould
1212:
1209:
1119:constellations
1066:
1063:
1016:and until the
1014:Late Antiquity
985:Works and Days
977: 1473 BC
951:
948:
868:, the Bull as
846:Neo-Babylonian
831:Sumerian names
823:texts and the
805:Halley's Comet
790:
787:
778:
775:
767:cave paintings
762:
759:
757:
754:
742:Sigma Octantis
698:Main article:
695:
692:
687:Sigma Octantis
660:Northern Cross
611:Main article:
608:
605:
571:), as well as
533:galactic plane
451:its orbit
433:
429:
428:
421:
420:
419:
418:
416:
413:
314:Middle English
295:
292:
118:
117:
110:
82:
81:
80:
71:
70:
62:
61:
60:
51:
50:
42:
41:
40:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5988:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5941:
5931:
5929:
5919:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5893:
5883:
5879:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5684:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5652:
5651:Vultur volans
5649:
5647:
5646:Vultur cadens
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5528:Ramus Pomifer
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:Mons Maenalus
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Lochium Funis
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5443:Leo Palatinus
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5323:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5014:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4077:0-521-27721-3
4074:
4070:
4069:0-521-42736-3
4066:
4062:
4061:0-521-41743-0
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4045:0-521-27721-3
4042:
4038:
4037:0-521-25818-9
4034:
4030:
4029:0-933346-34-4
4026:
4022:
4021:0-933346-35-2
4018:
4014:
4013:0-521-24710-1
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3918:0-943396-38-7
3915:
3911:
3907:
3906:0-943396-15-8
3903:
3899:
3898:0-943396-14-X
3895:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3880:0-933346-83-2
3877:
3873:
3872:0-933346-82-4
3869:
3865:
3864:0-933346-81-6
3861:
3857:
3856:0-933346-84-0
3853:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:0-933346-01-8
3791:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3702:0-939923-04-1
3699:
3695:
3694:0-939923-10-6
3691:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3586:
3578:
3568:
3567:editing guide
3562:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3346:Ian Ridpath.
3342:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3315:
3312:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3258:
3255:Ian Ridpath.
3251:
3248:
3236:
3233:Ian Ridpath.
3229:
3226:
3214:
3211:Ian Ridpath.
3207:
3204:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3164:Ian Ridpath.
3160:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3145:Ian Ridpath.
3141:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:(5): 189–97.
3003:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:Helaine Selin
2863:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:(5): 96–101.
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2062:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1980:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:(6): 617–63.
1814:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1619:Beta Centauri
1616:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1479:
1476:
1473:developed by
1472:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:celestial map
1307:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Farnese Atlas
1219:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:Shang dynasty
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Ancient China
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1065:Ancient China
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:
971:
966:
961:
957:
949:
947:
945:
944:
939:
930:
929:
924:
920:
915:
904:
893:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
806:
801:
796:
788:
786:
784:
776:
774:
772:
768:
760:
755:
753:
751:
750:Beta Centauri
747:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
713:
711:
707:
701:
693:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
614:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
455:Earth rotates
452:
448:
437:
431:
425:
414:
412:
410:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Ancient Greek
315:
310:
305:
301:
300:constellation
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:In 1922, the
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
232:Metamorphoses
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:constellation
115:
111:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
89:
87:
75:
66:
55:
46:
37:
33:
19:
5940:Solar System
5833:
5777:Concepts in
5636:Serpentarius
5611:
5610:
5388:Cancer Minor
5252:Microscopium
5212:
5173:
5164:
5145:
5086:
5077:
5063:
4752:after 150 AD
4488:Microscopium
4086:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3963:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3889:
3845:
3841:, hardcover.
3833:, Pi Press,
3831:Ridpath, Ian
3829:, edited by
3826:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3760:
3734:
3730:
3713:
3709:
3685:
3670:
3667:Ridpath, Ian
3655:, Springer,
3652:
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3629:
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3508:
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3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:the original
3435:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3403:
3398:. F+W Media.
3395:
3390:
3382:
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3355:
3349:
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3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3169:
3159:
3150:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3108:Dekker, Elly
3103:
3095:
3091:
3088:Dekker, Elly
3083:
3073:
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3064:
3047:
3043:
3034:
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2997:
2991:
2979:. Retrieved
2975:the original
2965:
2959:. p. 1.
2955:
2948:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2872:
2862:
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2580:. Retrieved
2576:the original
2571:
2562:
2529:
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2470:
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2440:
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2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2344:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2253:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2222:
2211:
2207:
2197:28 September
2195:. Retrieved
2175:
2132:
2128:
2125:Capitaine, N
2118:
2099:
2093:
2072:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2038:
2028:
2021:
2015:. p. 1.
2011:
1989:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1929:21 September
1927:. Retrieved
1923:the original
1913:
1903:21 September
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1858:
1840:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1765:
1744:
1743:
1735:invisibility
1734:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1595:
1572:dark nebulae
1565:
1534:
1506:
1459:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1394:
1379:
1373:Johann Bayer
1358:
1338:
1323:
1301:(1 May 1500)
1265:Johann Bayer
1258:
1253:
1234:
1214:
1189:Ming dynasty
1186:
1175:
1163:Yuan dynasty
1159:Song dynasty
1124:
1107:oracle bones
1093:
1054:
1053:. Ptolemy's
1032:
1021:
983:
981:
941:
937:
926:
922:
851:
843:
824:
820:
810:
780:
764:
740:
717:
714:
703:
649:
626:
616:
529:Solar System
526:
474:great circle
467:
444:
405:
385:
338:
325:
309:cōnstellātiō
299:
297:
272:
249:
241:southern sky
230:
220:
181:astrological
167:, which the
158:
143:
126:
124:
101:
83:
36:
5961:Sky regions
5928:Outer space
5916:Spaceflight
5753:Sagittarius
5428:Hippocampus
5287:Telescopium
5213:de Lacaille
4962:Sagittarius
4817:Capricornus
4812:Canis Minor
4807:Canis Major
4613:Telescopium
4578:Sagittarius
4298:Capricornus
4293:Canis Minor
4288:Canis Major
4023:hardcover,
3960:Tirion, Wil
3886:Tirion, Wil
3804:The Heavens
3775:Atlas Coeli
3696:hardcover,
3575:August 2016
3432:"Night sky"
2054:27 November
1638:Cygnus Rift
1560:star clouds
1471:declination
1381:Uranometria
1326:declination
1281:Uranometria
1261:Uranometria
1242:declination
1218:star charts
1182:planisphere
1147:Tang period
906:"fool" and
882:Book of Job
811:The oldest
783:Mesopotamia
777:Mesopotamia
641:Canis Major
527:Due to the
518:Capricornus
514:Sagittarius
415:Observation
365:circumpolar
351:. From the
349:circumpolar
294:Terminology
280:Sagittarius
99:star atlas
5950:Categories
5808:Triplicity
5543:Scarabaeus
5513:Polophylax
5373:Argo Navis
5242:Horologium
5096:Chamaeleon
4992:Ursa Minor
4987:Ursa Major
4982:Triangulum
4822:Cassiopeia
4782:Argo Navis
4638:Ursa Minor
4633:Ursa Major
4618:Triangulum
4423:Horologium
4328:Chamaeleon
4308:Cassiopeia
4128:Stellarium
4055:. Vol. 1:
3704:softcover.
3681:softcover.
3671:Star Tales
3663:hardcover.
3648:softcover.
3628:. (1911);
3622:softcover.
3559:" section
3469:(5): S37.
3356:Star Tales
3283:31 January
3170:Star Tales
3151:Star Tales
2707:: 86–101.
2250:Rey, H. A.
2234:3 February
1713:References
1599:in the sky
1517:precession
1409:Quadrantid
1377:star atlas
1299:João Faras
1279:See also:
1230:Argo Navis
1226:Hipparchus
1193:Xu Guangqi
1151:Qutan Xida
1131:Han period
954:See also:
862:Revelation
793:See also:
720:Chamaeleon
633:Big Dipper
629:Ursa Major
622:Ursa Minor
569:Betelgeuse
553:Cassiopeia
470:axial tilt
436:star chart
395:and their
393:astrometry
357:South Pole
353:North Pole
304:Late Latin
288:Ursa Major
284:big dipper
217:Alexandria
209:Argo Navis
189:Babylonian
187:400 BC in
146:prehistory
5892:Astronomy
5848:Ophiuchus
5824:Astronomy
5758:Capricorn
5463:Lumbricus
5208:Vulpecula
5188:Leo Minor
5169:Reticulum
5160:Monoceros
4927:Ophiuchus
4867:Delphinus
4827:Centaurus
4762:Andromeda
4658:Vulpecula
4568:Reticulum
4513:Ophiuchus
4493:Monoceros
4453:Leo Minor
4378:Delphinus
4313:Centaurus
4223:Andromeda
4005:83-240310
3737:: 79–89.
3669:. (2018)
3606:. (1899)
3240:30 August
3218:30 August
3196:29 August
3026:118829690
2814:. Brill.
2721:192976174
2582:30 August
2282:Star Walk
1837:122004678
1745:Citations
1718:Footnotes
1521:equinoxes
1460:In 1922,
1443:Phenomena
1384:of 1603.
1313:from the
1139:Chen Zhuo
933:מַזָּרוֹת
928:Mazzaroth
807:in 164 BC
710:Reticulum
683:Centaurus
593:Centaurus
573:Monoceros
537:Milky Way
463:pole star
298:The word
282:, or the
275:asterisms
227:mythology
154:mythology
5838:Ecliptic
5803:Polarity
5798:Modality
5763:Aquarius
5558:Solarium
5508:Phaethon
5438:Jordanus
5393:Cerberus
5378:Asterion
5358:Antinous
5348:Anguilla
5282:Sculptor
5232:Circinus
5174:Hevelius
5165:Habrecht
5146:Plancius
5013:Category
4967:Scorpius
4892:Hercules
4882:Eridanus
4877:Equuleus
4767:Aquarius
4588:Sculptor
4583:Scorpius
4418:Hercules
4398:Eridanus
4393:Equuleus
4333:Circinus
4238:Aquarius
4122:Celestia
4053:91-26764
3997:81-17975
3971:Catalogs
3716:: 9–28.
3446:12 March
3189:. IAU –
3110:(1987).
3090:(1987).
2937:Archived
2933:15431718
2554:17076089
2252:(1954).
2188:Archived
2167:32887246
1829:41134332
1778:2 August
1666:See also
1580:Coalsack
1435:Almagest
1386:Fourteen
1117:. These
1055:Almagest
1023:Almagest
895:"bier",
874:Aquarius
835:Sumerian
826:MUL.APIN
664:Hercules
522:Aquarius
510:Scorpius
369:ecliptic
345:latitude
222:Almagest
193:Chaldean
165:ecliptic
150:creation
5878:Portals
5858:symbols
5836:of the
5817:Related
5788:Element
5748:Scorpio
5641:Xiphias
5578:Testudo
5503:Patella
5203:Sextans
5183:Lacerta
5155:Columba
5131:Phoenix
4972:Serpens
4957:Sagitta
4942:Perseus
4937:Pegasus
4832:Cepheus
4750:Ptolemy
4603:Sextans
4598:Serpens
4573:Sagitta
4538:Phoenix
4533:Perseus
4528:Pegasus
4443:Lacerta
4338:Columba
4318:Cepheus
3739:Bibcode
3718:Bibcode
3471:Bibcode
3416:22 July
3412:. Space
3052:Bibcode
3050:: 215.
3006:Bibcode
2981:16 July
2913:Bibcode
2871:(ed.).
2534:Bibcode
2501:Bibcode
2452:Bibcode
2450:: 217.
2430:24 June
2405:24 June
2314:24 June
2288:24 June
2147:Bibcode
1972:26 July
1531:Symbols
1519:of the
1509:B1875.0
1441:' work
1129:in the
1088:Su Song
1051:planets
1033:In the
1028:Ptolemy
1020:is the
1010:Hyginus
940:, is a
878:Scorpio
858:Ezekiel
771:Lascaux
652:Cepheus
618:Polaris
557:Perseus
535:of the
341:horizon
213:Ptolemy
201:Eudoxus
177:planets
109:(right)
5768:Pisces
5728:Cancer
5723:Gemini
5718:Taurus
5697:Zodiac
5583:Tigris
5493:Noctua
5448:Lilium
5433:Hirudo
5418:Gallus
5368:Aranea
5272:Puppis
5267:Pictor
5262:Octans
5237:Fornax
5227:Carina
5222:Caelum
5217:Antlia
5215:1763:
5198:Scutum
5176:1683:
5167:1621:
5148:1613:
5141:Volans
5136:Tucana
5111:Hydrus
5101:Dorado
5089:1596:
5080:1536:
4977:Taurus
4947:Pisces
4887:Gemini
4862:Cygnus
4857:Crater
4852:Corvus
4802:Cancer
4797:Boötes
4792:Auriga
4772:Aquila
4653:Volans
4628:Tucana
4608:Taurus
4593:Scutum
4558:Puppis
4548:Pisces
4543:Pictor
4508:Octans
4433:Hydrus
4408:Gemini
4403:Fornax
4383:Dorado
4373:Cygnus
4363:Crater
4358:Corvus
4303:Carina
4278:Cancer
4268:Caelum
4263:Boötes
4258:Auriga
4243:Aquila
4228:Antlia
4075:
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4051:
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3262:4 July
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2931:
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2719:
2664:
2634:
2607:
2552:
2380:5 July
2352:
2260:
2165:
2106:
2081:
1835:
1827:
1439:Aratus
1413:Boötes
1352:, and
1287:, and
1111:Anyang
1049:, and
1047:decans
1002:Aratus
990:Hesiod
923:‘Ayish
921:, but
914:chimah
903:chesil
892:‘Ayish
870:Taurus
734:, and
732:Hydrus
706:Pictor
656:Boötes
645:Gemini
599:, and
585:Carina
577:Puppis
567:(near
563:, and
561:Auriga
549:Cygnus
545:Aquila
520:, and
496:, and
494:Cancer
490:Gemini
486:Taurus
478:Pisces
373:zodiac
326:astron
322:ἄστρον
205:Aratus
197:Hesiod
175:, and
161:zodiac
152:, and
137:forms
5904:Stars
5793:House
5743:Libra
5738:Virgo
5713:Aries
5598:Vespa
5478:Manis
5473:Malus
5453:Limax
5408:Felis
5398:Chara
5353:Anser
5277:Pyxis
5257:Norma
5247:Mensa
5121:Musca
5116:Indus
5078:Vopel
4997:Virgo
4932:Orion
4917:Lupus
4912:Libra
4907:Lepus
4897:Hydra
4872:Draco
4837:Cetus
4787:Aries
4648:Virgo
4563:Pyxis
4518:Orion
4503:Norma
4498:Musca
4483:Mensa
4468:Lupus
4463:Libra
4458:Lepus
4438:Indus
4428:Hydra
4388:Draco
4323:Cetus
4253:Aries
3022:S2CID
2940:(PDF)
2929:S2CID
2901:(PDF)
2717:S2CID
2499:: 9.
2191:(PDF)
2184:(PDF)
2163:S2CID
2137:arXiv
1833:S2CID
1825:JSTOR
1615:Alpha
1525:J2000
1417:Draco
1263:" of
1250:epoch
1169:(see
1109:from
746:Alpha
736:Mensa
637:Cetus
565:Orion
506:Libra
502:Virgo
482:Aries
447:night
409:Orion
306:term
135:stars
97:'
86:Orion
5626:Apis
5538:Rosa
5383:Bufo
5363:Apes
5292:Vela
5193:Lynx
5126:Pavo
5106:Grus
5091:Apus
5068:Crux
4922:Lyra
4643:Vela
4523:Pavo
4478:Lyra
4473:Lynx
4413:Grus
4368:Crux
4233:Apus
4210:The
4073:ISBN
4065:ISBN
4057:ISBN
4049:LCCN
4041:ISBN
4033:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4017:ISBN
4009:ISBN
4001:LCCN
3993:LCCN
3950:ISBN
3938:ISBN
3926:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3902:ISBN
3894:ISBN
3876:ISBN
3868:ISBN
3860:ISBN
3852:ISBN
3835:ISBN
3790:ISBN
3698:ISBN
3690:ISBN
3675:ISBN
3657:ISBN
3642:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3494:ISBN
3448:2019
3418:2024
3327:ISBN
3306:2011
3285:2010
3264:2022
3242:2015
3220:2015
3198:2015
3135:530)
2983:2010
2909:36/2
2877:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2786:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2605:ISBN
2584:2015
2550:PMID
2477:: 3.
2432:2024
2407:2024
2382:2024
2350:ISBN
2316:2024
2290:2024
2258:ISBN
2236:2020
2199:2017
2104:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2056:2014
1974:2019
1931:2018
1905:2018
1780:2016
1617:and
1594:The
1568:Inca
1548:and
1469:and
1415:and
1399:and
1367:and
1240:and
1195:and
1073:and
958:and
909:כימה
898:כסיל
860:and
748:and
728:Pavo
724:Apus
708:and
679:Crux
589:Crux
581:Vela
379:and
371:(or
363:are
237:Ovid
203:and
173:Moon
5733:Leo
4902:Leo
4777:Ara
4448:Leo
4248:Ara
3735:108
3714:108
3131:. (
3114:. (
3094:. (
3072:. (
3014:doi
2921:doi
2709:doi
2542:doi
2530:295
2497:108
2155:doi
2133:126
1817:doi
1597:Emu
1375:'s
1248:in
1026:by
919:KJV
887:עיש
866:Leo
769:in
601:Ara
498:Leo
399:by
355:or
191:or
169:Sun
114:IAU
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