876:
cement holding the implant in place. That belief prompted a search for an alternative method to attach the implants. The Austin Moore device had a small hole in the stem into which bone graft was placed before implanting the stem. It was hoped bone would then grow through the window over time and hold the stem in position. Success was unpredictable and the fixation not very robust. In the early 1980s, surgeons in the United States applied a coating of small beads to the Austin Moore device and implanted it without cement. The beads were constructed so that gaps between beads matched the size of the pores in native bone. Over time, bone cells from the patient would grow into these spaces and fix the stem in position. The stem was modified slightly to fit more tightly into the femoral canal, resulting in the
Anatomic Medullary Locking (AML) stem design. With time, other forms of stem surface treatment and stem geometry have been developed and improved.
1215:
1199:
1135:
1183:
1167:
1094: in) was common in the first modern prostheses, now even larger sizes are available from 38 to over 54 mm. Larger-diameter heads lead to increased stability and range of motion whilst lowering the risk of dislocation. At the same time they are also subject to higher stresses such as friction and inertia. Different combinations of materials have different physical properties which can be coupled to reduce the amount of wear debris generated by friction. Typical pairings of materials include metal on polyethylene (MOP), metal on crosslinked polyethylene (MOXP), ceramic on ceramic (COC), ceramic on crosslinked polyethylene (COXP), and metal on metal (MOM). Each combination has different advantages and disadvantages.
445:
contractures that make the leg behave as if it is short. When these are relieved with replacement surgery and normal motion and function are restored, the body feels that the limb is now longer than it was. This feeling usually subsides by six months after surgery as the body adjusts to the new hip joint. The cause of this feeling is variable, and usually related to abductor muscle weakness, pelvic obliquity, and minor lengthening of the hip during surgery (<1 cm) to achieve stability and restore the joint to pre-arthritic mechanics. If the limb length difference remains bothersome to the patient more than six months after surgery, a shoe lift can be used. Only in extreme cases is surgery required for correction.
851: in (22.2 mm)) was chosen for Charnley's belief that it would have lower friction against the acetabular component and thus wear out the acetabulum more slowly. Unfortunately, the smaller head dislocated more easily. Alternative designs with larger heads such as the Mueller prosthesis were proposed. Stability was improved, but acetabular wear and subsequent failure rates were increased with these designs. The Teflon acetabular components of Charnley's early designs failed within a year or two of implantation. This prompted a search for a more suitable material. A German salesman showed a polyethylene gear sample to Charnley's machinist, sparking the idea to use this material for the acetabular component. The
538:
developed for similar reasons. In the lab these show excellent wear characteristics and benefit from a different mode of lubrication. Highly cross-linked polyethylene plastic liners experience significantly reduced plastic wear debris. The newer ceramic and metal prostheses may not have long-term performance records. Ceramic piece breakage can lead to catastrophic failure. This occurs in about 2% of implants. They may also cause an audible, high pitched squeaking noise with activity. Metal-on-metal arthroplasty can release metal debris into the body. Highly cross linked polyethylene is not as strong as regular polyethylene. These plastic liners can crack or break free of the metal shell that holds them.
555:
751:. No new standards, such as routine checking of blood levels of metal ions, were set, but guidance was updated. The U.S. FDA does not require hip implants to be tested in clinical trials before they can be sold in the U.S. Instead, companies making new hip implants only need to prove that they are "substantially equivalent" to other hip implants already on the market. The exception is metal-on-metal implants, which were not tested in clinical trials, but, due to the high revision rate of metal-on-metal hips, the FDA has stated that, in the future, clinical trials will be required for approval, and that post-market studies will be required to keep metal-on-metal hip implants on the market.
1382:
1475:
885:
material improved. Highly crosslinked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene was introduced in the late 1990s. The most recent data comparing the various bearing surfaces has shown no clinically significant differences in their performance. Potential early problems with each material are discussed below. Performance data after 20 or 30 years may be needed to demonstrate significant differences in the devices. All newer materials allow use of larger diameter femoral heads. Use of larger heads significantly decreases the chance of the hip dislocating, which remains the greatest complication of the surgery.
1155:
1312:
880:
materials from which the head is formed. A modern acetabulum component is also made up of two parts: a metal shell with a coating for bone attachment and a separate liner. First the shell is placed. Its position can be adjusted, unlike the original cemented cup design which are fixed in place once the cement sets. When proper positioning of the metal shell is obtained, the surgeon may select a liner made from various materials.To combat loosening caused by polyethylene wear debris, hip manufacturers developed improved and novel materials for the acetabular liners.
719:, a record of nearly every hip implanted in that country over the previous 10 years, tracked 6,773 BHR (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) hips and found that less than 0.33% may have been revised due to the patient's reaction to the metal component. Other, similar, metal-on-metal designs have not fared as well, with some reports showing that 76β100% of people with these metal-on-metal implants with aseptic implant failures and needing revision surgery also had histological evidence of inflammation, accompanied by extensive lymphocyte infiltrates characteristic of
1259:
998:. This approach, which was commonly used for pelvic fracture repair surgery, has been adapted for use in hip replacement. When used with older hip implant systems that had a small diameter head, dislocation rates were reduced compared to posterior surgery. Modern implant designs offer similar dislocation rates across the anterior and posterior approaches. The anterior approach has been shown in studies to variably improve early functional recovery, with possible complications of femoral component loosening and early revision.
147:
457:
889:
bone that can resist the forces needed to drive the stem in tightly. Cemented devices are typically selected for patients with poor quality bone who are at risk of fracture during stem insertion. Cemented stems are less expensive due to lower manufacturing cost, but require good surgical technique to place them correctly. Uncemented stems can cause pain with activity in up to 20% of patients during the first year after placement as the bone adapts to the device. This is rarely seen with cemented stems.
547:
1300:
367:
670:) rubs against the edge of the acetabular cup. Bursitis can develop at the trochanter where a surgical scar crosses the bone, or if the femoral component used pushes the leg out to the side too far. Also some patients can experience pain in cold or damp weather. Incision made in the front of the hip (anterior approach) can cut a nerve running down the thigh leading to numbness in the thigh and occasionally chronic pain at the point where the nerve was cut (a neuroma).
1214:
1023:
359:
1198:
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that 6.2% of metal-on-metal hip implants had failed within five years, compared to 1.7% of metal-on-plastic and 2.3% of ceramic-on-ceramic hip implants. Each 1 mm (0.039 in) increase in head size of metal-on-metal hip implants was associated with a 2% increase in failure rate. Surgeons of the
British Hip Society recommended that large head metal-on-metal implants should no longer be implanted.
1134:
1182:
1031:
36:
776:
128:
768:
760:
1223:: The horizontal center of rotation is calculated as the distance between the acetabular teardrop and the center of the head (or caput) of the prosthesis and/or the native femoral head on the contralateral side. The vertical center of rotation instead uses the transischial line for reference. The parameter should be equal on both sides.
1166:
1360:. It is yet to be shown that this result will apply to a large group of patients and result in significant benefits. The FDA stated that this procedure does not conform to regulations, but Centeno claims that it is exempt from FDA regulation. It has not been shown in controlled clinical trials to be effective.
1513:: Examples, some of which were developed at the Redhill Group of Hospitals and Dorking Hospital, include a ringed titanium hip prosthesis with a screw stem and porous cup, a modular hip prosthesis with a textured femoral stem to aid bone grafting (material unspecified), two Thompson-type prostheses made of
1372:
According to the
International Federation of Healthcare Plans, the average cost of a total hip replacement in 2012 was $ 40,364 in the United States, $ 11,889 in the United Kingdom, $ 10,987 in France, $ 9,574 in Switzerland, and $ 7,731 in Spain. In the United States, the average cost of a total hip
1056:
or metal, they have their articular surface machined on the inside surface of the cup and do not rely on a locking mechanism to hold a liner in place. A monobloc polyethylene cup is cemented in place while a metal cup is held in place by a metal coating on the outside of the cup. Modular cups consist
1006:
The dual incision approach and other minimally invasive surgery seeks to reduce soft tissue damage through reducing the size of the incision. However, component positioning accuracy and visualization of the bone structures can be significantly impaired as the incisions get smaller. This can result in
884:
heads mated with regular polyethylene liners or a ceramic liner were the first significant alternative. Metal liners to mate with a metal head were also developed. At the same time these designs were being developed, the problems that caused polyethylene wear were determined and manufacturing of this
1462:
The means of attachment have also diversified. Early prostheses were attached by screws (e.g. Gluck, Wiles) with later developments using dental or bone cements (e.g. Charnley, Thompson) or cementless systems which relied on bone regrowth (Austin-Moore, Ring). The choice of alloy, bearing
431:
Infection is one of the most common causes for revision of a total hip replacement. The incidence of infection in primary hip replacement is 1% or less in the United States. Risk factors for infection include obesity, diabetes, smoking, immunosuppressive medications or diseases, history of infection
378:
mostly occurs in the first three months after insertion, mainly because of incomplete scar formation and relaxed soft tissues. The chance of this is diminished if less tissue is cut, if the cut tissue is repaired and if large diameter head balls are used. Surgeons who perform more operations tend to
274:
generally only replaces the femoral head. Hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic operations, though patient satisfaction varies widely between different techniques and implants. Approximately 58% of total hip replacements are estimated to last 25 years. The average cost of a total hip
1065:
design to mimic the trabeculae of cancellous bone and initial stability is influenced by under-reaming and insertion force. Permanent fixation is achieved as bone grows onto or into the porous coating. Screws can be used to lag the shell to the bone providing even more fixation. Polyethylene liners
879:
Initial hip designs were made of a one-piece femoral component and a one-piece acetabular component. Current designs have a femoral stem and separate head piece. Using an independent head allows the surgeon to adjust leg length (some heads seat more or less onto the stem) and to select from various
706:
reported curtailing their use of metal-on-metal implants by 80 percent over the previous year, in favor of those made from other materials, such as combinations of metal and plastic. The cause of these failures remains controversial, and may include both design factors, operative technique factors,
565:
On radiography, it is normal to see thin radiolucent areas of less than 2 mm around hip prosthesis components, or between a cement mantle and bone. These may indicate loosening of the prosthesis if they are new or changing, while areas greater than 2 mm may be harmless if they are stable.
1409:
inserted into the medullary canal and "fenestrated" to promote bone regrowth. A commercial version known as the "Austin Moore
Prosthesis" was introduced in 1952; it is still in use today, typically for femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Following the lead of Wiles, several UK general hospitals
1400:
Molded-glass implants were introduced in the 1920s by Smith-Peterson in the USA. Although these showed good bio-compatibility, they were mechanically fragile so he started experiments with metallic prostheses in the 1930s. In 1938, Philip Wiles of
Middlesex General Hospital, UK carried out a total
738:
published a study, based on data from the
National Joint Registry of England and Wales, finding that metal-on-metal hip implants failed at much higher rates than other types of hip implants, and calling for a ban on all metal-on-metal hip prostheses. The analysis of 402,051 hip replacements showed
495:
is for 7β10 days; however, treatment for 21+ days may be superior. Extended-duration anticoagulants (up to 35 days following surgery) may prevent VTE in people undergoing hip replacement surgery. Other research suggested that anticoagulants in otherwise healthy patients undergoing a so-called fast
888:
When available implants are used, cemented stems tend to have a better longevity than uncemented stems. No significant difference is observed in the clinical performance of the various methods of surface treatment of uncemented devices. Uncemented stems are selected for patients with good quality
875:
Early implant designs had the potential to loosen from their attachment to the bones, typically becoming painful ten to twelve years after placement. In addition, erosion of the bone around the implant was seen on x-rays. Initially, surgeons believed this was caused by an abnormal reaction to the
871:
and it was first implanted at the
Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital in Exeter in 1970. The Exeter Hip is a cemented device, but with a slightly different stem geometry. Both designs have shown excellent long-term durability when properly placed and are still widely used in slightly modified
855:
acetabular component was introduced in 1962. Charnley's other major contribution was to use polymethylmethacrylate bone cement to attach the two components to the bone. For over two decades, the
Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty, and derivative designs were the most used systems in the world. It
701:
on the implants, causing pain and disability severe enough to require revision surgery in 1β3% of patients. Design deficits of some prothesis models, especially with heat-treated alloys and a lack of specialized surgical experience, accounted for most of the failures. In 2010, surgeons at medical
435:
In revision surgery, infected tissue surrounding the joint is removed, and the artificial joint replaced. Typically, this is carried out in 2 stages: infected tissue and all joint replacement implants are removed in the first stage, and, after the infection is completely cleared, a new artificial
1288:
that forms two interphases (bipolar prosthesis) can be used. The monopolar prosthesis has not been shown to offer any advantage over bipolar designs. The procedure is recommended only for elderly/frail patients, due to their lower life expectancy and activity level. This is because over time the
1039:
The prosthetic implant used in hip replacement consists of three parts: the acetabular cup, the femoral component, and the articular interface. Options exist for different people and indications. The evidence for a number of newer devices is not very good, including: ceramic-on-ceramic bearings,
582:
masses containing necrotic tissue, around the hip joint. It appears these masses were more common in women, and these patients showed a higher level of iron in the blood. The cause was then unknown, and was probably multifactorial. There may have been a toxic reaction to an excess of particulate
444:
Most adults have a limb length inequality of 0β2 cm which causes no deficits. It is common for people to sense a larger limb length inequality after total hip replacement. Sometimes the leg seems long immediately after surgery when in fact both are equal length. An arthritic hip can develop
1083:
at the articular interface can be selected based on patient demand to optimise implant function and longevity whilst mitigating associated risks. The interface size is measured by the outside diameter of the head or the inside diameter of the socket. Common sizes of femoral heads are 28 mm
379:
have fewer dislocations. Important factors which are related to dislocation are: component positioning, preservation of the gluteal muscles and restoration of leg length and femoral offset. Keeping the leg out of certain positions during the first few months after surgery further reduces risk.
1470:
has a collection of hip prostheses which reflect developments in the US, UK and elsewhere. These show the use of different materials and different designs for different circumstances (e.g. cemented and uncemented arthroplasty.) Some are on display in the museum's "Medicine: The
Wellcome
537:
process causes bone resorption that may lead to subsequent loosening of the hip implants and even fractures in the bone around the implants. Ceramic bearing surfaces may eliminate the generation of wear particles. Metal cup liners joined with metal heads (metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty) were
723:
reactions. It is not clear to what extent this phenomenon negatively affects orthopedic implant patients. However, for patients presenting with signs of allergic reaction, testing for sensitivity should be conducted. Removal of the device should be considered, since removal may alleviate the
598:, there have been many reports of immunologic-type responses temporally associated with implantation of metal components. Individual case reports link immune hypersensitivity reactions with adverse performance of metallic cardiovascular, orthopedic and plastic surgical and dental implants.
746:
issued an advisory on metal-on-metal hip implants, stating it was continuing to gather and review all available information about metal-on-metal hip systems. On June 27β28, 2012, an advisory panel met to decide whether to impose new standards, taking into account findings of the study in
496:
track protocol with hospital stays under five days, might only be necessary while in the hospital. Emerging evidence supports the use of aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Large randomised control trials suggested that aspirin is not inferior to low-molecular weight
1034:
Cement-free implant sixteen days after surgery. Femoral component is cobalt chromium combined with titanium which induces bone growth into the implant. Ceramic head. Acetabular cup coated with bone growth-inducing material and held temporarily in place with a single
349:
appears around the hip in the hours or days following the surgery. This swelling is typically at its maximum 7 days after the operation, then decreases and disappears over the course of weeks. Only 5% of patients still have swelling 6 months after the operation.
1013:
and robotic surgery techniques are available to guide the surgeon to provide enhanced component accuracy. Several commercial CAS and robotic systems are available. Improved patient outcomes and reduced complications have not been demonstrated by these systems.
4242:
1267:
Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure that replaces one half of the joint with an artificial surface and leaves the other part unchanged. This class of procedure is most commonly performed on the hip after an intracapsular fracture of the femur neck
1333:
is an alternative to hip replacement surgery. It has been used in Europe since 1998 and became a common procedure. Health-related quality of life measures are markedly improved and patient satisfaction is favorable after hip resurfacing arthroplasty.
640:
allowed companies to have new and "improved" metal-on-metal hips approved without much clinical testing. Some people with these prostheses experienced similar reactions to the metal debris as occurred in the 20th century; some devices were recalled.
1207:
after hip replacement is calculated as the vertical distance between the middle of the minor trochanters, using the acetabular tear drops or the transischial line as references for the horizontal plane. A discrepancy of up to 1 cm is generally
696:
By 2010, reports in the orthopaedic literature increasingly cited the problem of early failure of metal-on-metal prostheses in a small percentage of patients. Failures may have related to the release of minute metallic particles or metal ions from
1262:
Femoral (neck) offset is defined as the perpendicular distance between the intramedullary or longitudinal axis of the femur and the center of rotation of the native or prosthetic femoral head. An offset of less than 33 mm is associated with hip
657:
palsy is another, but much rarer, complication. Both of these may resolve over time, but the healing process is slow. Patients with pre-existing nerve injury are at greater risk of experiencing this complication and are also slower to recover.
5281:"Hip pain and mobility deficits--hip osteoarthritis: clinical practice guidelines linked to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health from the orthopaedic section of the American Physical Therapy Association"
728:
jewelry are more likely to have reactions to orthopedic implants. There is increasing awareness of the phenomenon of metal sensitivity, and many surgeons now take this into account when planning which implant is optimal for each patient.
1078:
The articular interface is not part of either implant, rather it is the area between the acetabular cup and femoral component. The articular interface of the hip is a simple ball and socket joint. Size, material properties and machining
3055:
Anderson DR, Dunbar MJ, Bohm ER, Belzile E, Kahn SR, Zukor D, et al. (June 2013). "Aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized trial".
1057:
of two pieces, a shell and liner. The shell is made of metal; the outside has a porous coating while the inside contains a locking mechanism designed to accept a liner. Two types of porous coating used to form a friction fit are
382:
Dislocations occurring between three months and five years after insertion usually occur due to malposition of the components, or dysfunction of nearby muscles. Risk factors of late dislocation (after five years) mainly include:
1052:(hip socket). Cartilage and bone are removed from the acetabulum and the acetabular cup is attached using friction or cement. Some acetabular cups are one piece, while others are modular. One-piece (monobloc) shells are either
5243:
Shin WC, Lee SM, Lee KW, Cho HJ, Lee JS, Suh KT (May 2015). "The reliability and accuracy of measuring anteversion of the acetabular component on plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs after total hip arthroplasty".
3329:
1523:
Example of a prosthetic socket, from Sulzer
Orthopedics Inc., is the Inter-Op Hemispherical Shell. This is made from materials not recognised by the human body, so the body's immune system does not attack and reject the
977:
and the gluteus medius. The gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and hip capsule are detached from the anterior (front) for the greater trochanter and femoral neck and then repaired with heavy suture after the replacement.
961:. Although this approach has a lower dislocation risk than the posterior approach, critics note that occasionally the abductor muscles do not heal back on, leading to pain and weakness which can be difficult to treat.
6432:
4235:
1154:
932:
and thus minimizes the risk of abductor dysfunction post operatively. It has the advantage of becoming a more extensile approach if needed. Critics cite a higher dislocation rate, although repair of the capsule,
1299:
635:
Use of metal-on-metal hip replacements from the 1970s was discontinued in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly after the discovery of aseptic lymphocyte-dominant vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL). However, the
4591:
Meneghini RM, Elston AS, Chen AF, Kheir MM, Fehring TK, Springer BD (January 2017). "Direct Anterior Approach: Risk Factor for Early Femoral Failure of Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Study".
6471:
1368:
Total hip replacement incidence varies in developed countries between 30 (Romania) and 290 (Germany) procedures per 100,000 population per year. Approximately 0.8% of Americans have undergone the procedure.
6332:
5032:
2537:"Anatomic and functional leg-length inequality: a review and recommendation for clinical decision-making. Part I, anatomic leg-length inequality: prevalence, magnitude, effects and clinical significance"
6555:
5579:
van den Bekerom MP, Lamme B, Sermon A, Mulier M (August 2008). "What is the evidence for viscosupplementation in the treatment of patients with hip osteoarthritis? Systematic review of the literature".
4832:
Perets I, Walsh JP, Mu BH, Mansor Y, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, et al. (2021-03-01). "Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pair-Matched Controlled Study".
4271:
6357:
6195:
620:
into the blood. Typically, these are excreted in the urine, but in certain individuals the ions can accumulate in the body. In implants which involve metal-on-metal contact, microscopic fragments of
2901:
Sobieraj DM, Lee S, Coleman CI, Tongbram V, Chen W, Colby J, et al. (May 2012). "Prolonged versus standard-duration venous thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery: a systematic review".
1349:
Viscosupplementation is the injection of artificial lubricants into the joint. Use of these medications in the hip is off label. The cost of treatment is typically not covered by health insurance.
2171:
Holm B, Kristensen MT, Husted H, Kehlet H, Bandholm T (February 2011). "Thigh and knee circumference, knee-extension strength, and functional performance after fast-track total hip arthroplasty".
4031:
Smith AJ, Dieppe P, Vernon K, Porter M, Blom AW (March 2012). "Failure rates of stemmed metal-on-metal hip replacements: analysis of data from the National Joint Registry of England and Wales".
1007:
unintended fractures and soft tissue injury. The majority of orthopedic surgeons use a "minimally invasive" approach compared to traditional approaches which were quite large comparatively.
5544:
Koutras C, Antoniou SA, Talias MA, Heep H (November 2015). "Impact of Total Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty on Health-Related Quality of Life Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
4670:
Christensen CP, Jacobs CA (September 2015). "Comparison of Patient Function during the First Six Weeks after Direct Anterior or Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA): A Randomized Study".
1736:
1250:
Preoperative education is an important part of patient care. Some evidence indicates that it may slightly reduce anxiety before hip or knee replacement, with low risk of negative effects.
504:. However, aspirin may not be appropriate in all cases, especially for patients who have additional risk factors for venous thromboembolisms or may have an inadequate response to aspirin.
586:
Metal hypersensitivity is a well-established phenomenon and is not uncommon, affecting about 10β15% of the population. Skin contact with certain metals can cause immune reactions such as
2117:"Does bariatric surgery prior to total hip or knee arthroplasty reduce post-operative complications and improve clinical outcomes for obese patients? Systematic review and meta-analysis"
937:
and the short external rotators along with use of modern large diameter head balls reduces this risk. Limited evidence suggests that the posterior approach may cause less nerve damage.
4556:
Maratt JD, Gagnier JJ, Butler PD, Hallstrom BR, Urquhart AG, Roberts KC (September 2016). "No Difference in Dislocation Seen in Anterior Vs Posterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty".
3867:, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 2009 Annual Meeting, AAOS 2009: Certain Factors Increase Risk for Death After Total Hip Arthroplasty, Barbara Boughton, March 3, 2009.
1238:
The first line approach as an alternative to hip replacement is conservative management which involves a multimodal approach of oral medication, injections, activity modification and
1140:
Acetabular inclination. This parameter is calculated on an anteroposterior radiograph as the angle between a line through the lateral and medial margins of the acetabular cup and the
6382:
3837:
6293:
6407:
3398:
Neumann DR, Thaler C, Hitzl W, Huber M, HofstΓ€dter T, Dorn U (August 2010). "Long-term results of a contemporary metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty: a 10-year follow-up study".
859:
The Exeter hip stem was developed in the United Kingdom during the same time as the Charnley device. Its development occurred following a collaboration between Orthopaedic Surgeon
1534:
include an "Anthology" titanium prosthesis, which has a flat-tapered stem placed in the thigh bone, and an "Echelon" (cobalt-chrome prosthesis for both cementless and cemented
957:
and reapplying it afterwards using wires (as per Charnley), or may be divided at their tendinous portion, or through the functional tendon (as per Hardinge) and repaired using
715:
commenced an annual monitoring regime for metal-on-metal hip replacement patients from May 2010. Data which are shown in The Australian Orthopaedic Association's 2008 National
436:
joint is inserted in the second stage. One-stage surgery is also available whereby infected tissue and implants are removed, and the new joint inserted, in a single procedure.
6268:
6126:
6548:
6453:
712:
4635:
Eto S, Hwang K, Huddleston JI, Amanatullah DF, Maloney WJ, Goodman SB (March 2017). "The Direct Anterior Approach is Associated With Early Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty".
6428:
1356:, targeting the growth and/or repair of the damaged, arthritic joint. Centeno et al. reported on the partial regeneration of an arthritic human hip joint using mesenchymal
574:
Concerns were raised in the early 2000s regarding metal sensitivity and the potential dangers of metal particulate debris from hip prostheses, including the development of
3996:
Milosev I, Trebse R, Kovac S, CΓΆr A, Pisot V (June 2006). "Survivorship and retrieval analysis of Sikomet metal-on-metal total hip replacements at a mean of seven years".
1415:
3212:
1311:
3728:
46:
4099:"Increased Mortality in Metal-on-Metal versus Non-Metal-on-Metal Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty at 10 Years and Longer Follow-Up: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
5624:
4486:
2289:
3485:
6492:
6467:
4187:
2147:
566:
The most important prognostic factors of cemented cups are absence of radiolucent lines in DeLee and Charnley zone I, as well as adequate cement mantle thickness.
6541:
6328:
4461:
6236:
3807:
3581:
Korovessis P, Petsinis G, Repanti M, Repantis T (June 2006). "Metallosis after contemporary metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. Five to nine-year follow-up".
6314:
4405:
4267:
1686:"How long does a hip replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up"
339:. They can include infection, dislocation, limb length inequality, loosening, impingement, osteolysis, metal sensitivity, nerve palsy, chronic pain and death.
6353:
4740:
Meermans G, Konan S, Das R, Volpin A, Haddad FS (June 2017). "The direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature".
4705:
Higgins BT, Barlow DR, Heagerty NE, Lin TJ (March 2015). "Anterior vs. posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty, a systematic review and meta-analysis".
3962:
3148:
van Oosterom N, Barras M, Bird R, Nusem I, Cottrell N (December 2020). "A Narrative Review of Aspirin Resistance in VTE Prophylaxis for Orthopaedic Surgery".
594:, redness and itching. Although little is known about the short- and long-term pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of circulating metal degradation products
6219:
6191:
4357:
4183:
2037:
1825:
Sokolovski, V. A.; Voloshin, V. P.; Aliev, M. D.; Zubikov, V. S.; Saravanan, S. A.; Martynenko, D. V.; Nisichenko, D. V.; Strelnikov, K. N. (2006-04-12).
323:. The aims of the procedure are pain relief and improvement in hip function. Hip replacement is usually considered only after other therapies, such as
6948:
4956:"Appraisal of evidence base for introduction of new implants in hip and knee replacement: a systematic review of five widely used device technologies"
3877:
Mikhael MM, Hanssen AD, Sierra RJ (February 2009). "Failure of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty mimicking hip infection. A report of two cases".
1550:
1397:(the ball on the femur), attaching it with nickel-plated screws. Subsequently, he used a cement made from plaster of Paris, powdered pumice and glue.
533:. This is the loss of bone caused by the body's reaction to polyethylene wear debris, fine bits of plastic that wear off the cup liner over time. An
6900:
3194:
1053:
852:
508:
155:
showing a left hip (right of image) that has been replaced, with the ball of this ball-and-socket joint replaced by a metal head that is set in the
6097:
5756:
554:
7065:
3433:
Roth TD, Maertz NA, Parr JA, Buckwalter KA, Choplin RH (2012). "CT of the hip prosthesis: appearance of components, fixation, and complications".
2486:
Fontalis, Andreas; Berry, Daniel J.; Shimmin, Andrew; Slullitel, Pablo A.; Buttaro, Martin A.; Li, Cao; Malchau, Henrik; Haddad, Fares S. (2021).
2334:
6064:
4382:
1743:
2451:
Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Vail TP, Berry DJ (January 2009). "The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States".
182:
178:
1112:
The direction of the acetabular cup influences the range of motion of the leg, and also affects the risk of dislocation. For this purpose, the
666:
A few patients who have had a hip replacement suffer chronic pain after the surgery. Groin pain can develop if the muscle that raises the hip (
1188:
Acetabular anteversion is normally between 5 and 25Β°. An anteversion below or above this range increases the risk of dislocation. There is an
3479:
3382:
3281:"Different types of intermittent pneumatic compression devices for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients after total hip replacement"
2949:"Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair"
6378:
6048:
3829:
637:
6289:
4213:
6403:
6806:
3655:
1560:
4293:
1401:
hip replacement using a stainless-steel prosthesis attached by bolts. In 1940, Dr. Austin T. Moore (1899β1963) at Columbia Hospital in
6957:
6801:
3940:
2698:
Upadhyay A, York S, Macaulay W, McGrory B, Robbennolt J, Bal BS (September 2007). "Medical malpractice in hip and knee arthroplasty".
2058:
Healy, William L.; Iorio, Richard; Clair, Andrew J.; Pellegrini, Vincent D.; Della Valle, Craig J.; Berend, Keith R. (February 2016).
1338:
901:. The approaches are posterior (Moore), lateral (Hardinge or Liverpool), antero-lateral (Watson-Jones), anterior (Smith-Petersen) and
518:
5472:
6264:
6250:
6122:
2283:
448:
The perceived difference in limb length for a patient after surgery is a common cause for lawsuits against the healthcare provider.
1474:
511:
after hip replacement. However, this kind of screening should only be done when indicated because to perform it routinely would be
5428:
Ninh CC, Sethi A, Hatahet M, Les C, Morandi M, Vaidya R (August 2009). "Hip dislocation after modular unipolar hemiarthroplasty".
6860:
6855:
1373:
replacement varies widely by geographic region, ranging from $ 11,327 (Birmingham, Alabama) to $ 73,927 (Boston, Massachusetts).
803:
resulted in a design that almost completely replaced the other designs by the 1970s. Charnley's design consisted of three parts:
370:
Liner wear, particularly when over 2 mm, increases the risk of dislocation. Liner creep, on the other hand, is normal remoulding.
2663:
Hofmann AA, Skrzynski MC (September 2000). "Leg-length inequality and nerve palsy in total hip arthroplasty: a lawyer awaits!".
2216:"Complications to 6 months following total hip or knee arthroplasty: observations from an Australian clinical outcomes registry"
3198:
1381:
468:
fractures at the end of the implant, an area of relative mechanical stress. Post-operative femoral fractures are graded by the
3799:
3720:
107:
6752:
1998:
Scott, R. D.; Sarokhan, A. J.; Dalziel, R. (1984). "Total hip and total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis".
1433:
Robert Juditt was the first to perform hip replacements via the anterior approach in 1947 in Paris. He taught this method to
1293:. Independently mobile older adults with hip fractures may benefit from a total hip replacement instead of hemiarthroplasty.
419:
Liner wear, particularly when it allows head movement of more than 2 mm within the cup compared to its original position
79:
6511:
5644:
1943:"Common hip conditions requiring primary total hip arthroplasty and comparison of their post-operative functional outcomes"
6149:"A historical and economic perspective on Sir John Charnley, Chas F. Thackray Limited, and the early arthoplasty industry"
2060:"Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty: Standardized List, Definitions, and Stratification Developed by The Hip Society"
1489:: The "Gosset-style" prosthesis was first introduced in 1949, although the specific example was made by Lusterlite Ltd of
720:
320:
7080:
7060:
3860:
2116:
1598:
1189:
743:
5495:"Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for independently mobile older adults with intracapsular hip fractures"
4457:
4161:
2864:"Epidemiology of periprosthetic fracture of the femur in 32 644 primary total hip arthroplasties: a 40-year experience"
1444:. Joel Matta, who had studied with Letournel, brought this approach to the United States and went on to popularize it.
86:
3986:
Table HT 46. Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report. Adelaide: AOA; 2008
995:
561:
according to DeLee and Charnley, and Gruen. These are used to describe the location of for example areas of loosening.
456:
4322:
Rising JP, Reynolds IS, Sedrakyan A (July 2012). "Delays and difficulties in assessing metal-on-metal hip implants".
6528:
3008:"Thromboprophylaxis only during hospitalisation in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty, a prospective cohort study"
2357:"Effect of Femoral Head Diameter and Operative Approach on Risk of Dislocation After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty"
6789:
5799:
3966:
1305:
Hip prosthesis for hemiarthroplasty. This example is bipolar, meaning that the head has two separate articulations.
716:
312:
6893:
4482:
2029:
1285:
1066:
are placed into the shell and connected by a rim locking mechanism; ceramic and metal liners are attached with a
1010:
823:
275:
replacement in 2012 was $ 40,364 in the United States, and about $ 7,700 to $ 12,000 in most European countries.
93:
54:
4443:
3006:
Jørgensen CC, Jacobsen MK, Soeballe K, Hansen TB, Husted H, Kjærsgaard-Andersen P, et al. (December 2013).
1768:
Ansari, Sajid; Gupta, Kshitij; Gupta, Tushar; Raja, Balgovind S.; J., Pranav; Kalia, Roop Bhushan (2024-03-01).
1447:
Metal/Acrylic prostheses were tried in the 1950s but were found to be susceptible to wear. In the 1960s,
1258:
6915:
6706:
5707:
Maradit Kremers H, Larson DR, Crowson CS, Kremers WK, Washington RE, Steiner CA, et al. (September 2015).
1577:
1402:
1317:
1106:
469:
464:
Intraoperative fractures may occur. After surgery, bones with internal fixation devices in situ are at risk of
296:
189:
3830:"Hip replacement is not viewed as high-risk surgery; Death is rare, but underlying medical condition a factor"
2395:
1463:
material, attachment and detailed geometry has led to the wide variety of prosthesis designs available today.
146:
4210:"Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee Meeting Announcement"
2973:
4301:
1452:
929:
679:
512:
75:
65:
50:
2326:
1272:). The procedure is performed by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal or composite
6825:
6696:
6664:
3230:"Preventing venous thromboembolic disease in patients undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasty"
1467:
546:
316:
248:. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi(half) replacement. Such
6794:
6093:
5763:
5625:"Partial regeneration of the human hip via autologous bone marrow nucleated cell transfer: A case study"
3619:
Hallab N, Merritt K, Jacobs JJ (March 2001). "Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants".
1588:
1160:
Acetabular inclination is normally between 30 and 50Β°. A larger angle increases the risk of dislocation.
1080:
411:
366:
6972:
2824:
1493:
in 1960. It has a perspex "ball" and simple rod-like shaft made of nickel-plated stainless-steel.
1192:
in this method because the pelvis may be tilted in various degrees in relation to the transverse plane.
374:
Dislocation (the ball coming out of the socket) is one of the most common complication. Hip prosthesis
6072:
4372:
3279:
Zhao JM, He ML, Xiao ZM, Li TS, Wu H, Jiang H, et al. (Cochrane Vascular Group) (December 2014).
2863:
2621:
McWilliams AB, Douglas SL, Redmond AC, Grainger AJ, O'Connor PJ, Stewart TD, Stone MH (January 2013).
1172:
Acetabular anteversion. This parameter is calculated on a lateral radiograph as the angle between the
7075:
6883:
6603:
4509:"Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis"
4110:
3694:
1434:
974:
864:
558:
484:
288:
3506:
Pandit H, Glyn-Jones S, McLardy-Smith P, Gundle R, Whitwell D, Gibbons CL, et al. (July 2008).
2776:"Digital Fluoroscopic Navigation for Limb Length Restoration During Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty"
856:
formed the basis for all modern hip implants. An example can be seen at the Science Museum, London.
7035:
6845:
6767:
5471:. VA Palo Alto Health Care System's Bone and Joint Rehabilitation Research and Development Center.
1882:
Hanna, Sammy A; Dawson-Bowling, Sebastian; Millington, Steven; Bhumbra, Rej; Achan, Pramod (2017).
1517:
alloy and an Austin Moore type prosthesis (material unspecified), with a porous metal femoral stem.
300:
252:
5279:
Cibulka MT, White DM, Woehrle J, Harris-Hayes M, Enseki K, Fagerson TL, et al. (April 2009).
3965:. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. 22 April 2010. MDA/2010/033. Archived from
6977:
6910:
6711:
6659:
6575:
5605:
4901:
4858:
4765:
4617:
4056:
3173:
3130:
3081:
2926:
2196:
1654:
1390:
1277:
954:
902:
488:
292:
241:
5053:
4209:
4097:
Pijls BG, Meessen JM, Schoones JW, Fiocco M, van der Heide HJ, Sedrakyan A, Nelissen RG (2016).
3913:
632:
with hip replacement, particularly metal-on-metal hip replacements, which are no longer in use.
521:(IPC) devices are sometimes used for prevention of blood clots following total hip replacement.
3099:
Anderson DR, Dunbar M, Murnaghan J, Kahn SR, Gross P, Forsythe M, et al. (February 2018).
2273:
1567:
to develop the saws eventually leading to a commercial product made by De Soutter Brothers Ltd.
7013:
6967:
6762:
6757:
6608:
6170:
6044:
6016:
5956:
5892:
5851:
5738:
5689:
5636:
5597:
5561:
5526:
5445:
5410:
5359:
5310:
5261:
5222:
5158:
5109:
5024:
5004:
4985:
4936:
4893:
4850:
4814:
4757:
4722:
4687:
4652:
4609:
4573:
4538:
4435:
4339:
4138:
4048:
4013:
3894:
3781:
3636:
3598:
3570:
3529:
3475:
3469:
3450:
3415:
3378:
3372:
3353:
3345:
3310:
3259:
3165:
3122:
3073:
3037:
2988:
2918:
2883:
2844:
2805:
2756:
2715:
2680:
2645:
2603:
2568:
2517:
2468:
2433:
2415:
2376:
2279:
2247:
2188:
2139:
2097:
2079:
2011:
2003:
1980:
1962:
1923:
1905:
1864:
1846:
1807:
1789:
1715:
1531:
921:
480:
375:
340:
336:
249:
173:
5379:"The Dislocated Hip Hemiarthroplasty: Current Concepts of Etiological factors and Management"
3666:
3069:
2914:
1542:
The Science Museum's collection also includes specialised surgical tools for hip operations:
100:
6953:
6878:
6160:
6006:
5998:
5946:
5938:
5882:
5841:
5833:
5728:
5720:
5679:
5671:
5658:
Kurtz SM, Ong KL, Lau E, Widmer M, Maravic M, GΓ³mez-Barrena E, et al. (December 2011).
5589:
5553:
5516:
5506:
5437:
5400:
5390:
5349:
5341:
5300:
5292:
5253:
5212:
5204:
5148:
5140:
5099:
5091:
5016:
4975:
4967:
4928:
4885:
4842:
4804:
4796:
4749:
4714:
4679:
4644:
4601:
4565:
4528:
4520:
4425:
4417:
4331:
4128:
4118:
4040:
4005:
3932:
3886:
3771:
3763:
3628:
3590:
3560:
3519:
3442:
3407:
3337:
3300:
3292:
3249:
3241:
3228:
Mont M, Jacobs J, Lieberman J, Parvizi J, Lachiewicz P, Johanson N, Watters W (April 2012).
3157:
3112:
3065:
3027:
3019:
2978:
2968:
2960:
2910:
2875:
2836:
2795:
2787:
2746:
2707:
2672:
2637:
2595:
2558:
2548:
2507:
2499:
2460:
2423:
2407:
2368:
2237:
2227:
2180:
2131:
2087:
2071:
1970:
1954:
1913:
1895:
1854:
1838:
1797:
1781:
1705:
1697:
1666:
1439:
1276:. The most commonly used prosthesis designs are the Austin Moore and Thompson prostheses. A
1239:
1173:
1022:
991:
358:
324:
271:
5463:
van der Meulen MC, Allen WA, Giddings VL, Athanasiou KA, Poser RD, Goodman SB, et al.
2622:
1507:(Co/Cr alloy) with curved standard or slender femoral stems. One example has a studded cup.
1084:(1.1 in), 32 mm (1.3 in) and 36 mm (1.4 in). While 22.25 mm (
7070:
6933:
6716:
6493:"Prototype version of the Dobbie bone saw, England, 1967, Science Museum Group Collection"
6468:"Prototype version of the Dobbie bone saw, England, 1966, Science Museum Group Collection"
5464:
4458:"Anterolateral Approach to Hip Joint: (Watson Jones) β Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics"
3864:
3207:
3203:
2586:
Maloney WJ, Keeney JA (June 2004). "Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty".
1608:
1423:
1330:
958:
950:
924:
and the short external rotators of the femur. This approach gives excellent access to the
807:
708:
691:
629:
613:
4919:
Jacofsky DJ, Allen M (October 2016). "Robotics in Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review".
1405:
performed a hip replacement using a prototype prosthesis made of the cobalt-chrome alloy
1389:
The earliest recorded attempts at hip replacement were carried out in Germany in 1891 by
6533:
4114:
2983:
2948:
1802:
1769:
7028:
6943:
6888:
6747:
6701:
6454:"Instrument set by Downs Ltd. for ring hip prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
6165:
6148:
6011:
5986:
5951:
5927:"Historical overview of hip arthroplasty: From humble beginnings to a high-tech future"
5926:
5887:
5870:
5846:
5821:
5733:
5708:
5684:
5659:
5521:
5494:
5405:
5378:
5354:
5329:
5305:
5280:
5217:
5192:
5153:
5144:
5128:
5104:
5079:
5003:
Amirouche F, Solitro G, Broviak S, Gonzalez M, Goldstein W, Barmada R (December 2014).
4980:
4955:
4809:
4784:
4533:
4508:
4430:
4133:
4098:
3776:
3751:
3341:
3305:
3280:
3254:
3229:
3032:
3007:
2862:
Abdel, M. P.; Watts, C. D.; Houdek, M. T.; Lewallen, D. G.; Berry, D. J. (April 2016).
2800:
2775:
2563:
2536:
2512:
2487:
2428:
2242:
2215:
2092:
1975:
1942:
1918:
1883:
1859:
1826:
1710:
1685:
1593:
1353:
1125:
898:
838:
583:
metal wear debris or a hypersensitivity reaction to a "normal" amount of metal debris.
465:
284:
5020:
4044:
1884:"Total hip arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease of bone: A systematic review"
1701:
1670:
7054:
6838:
6737:
6680:
6598:
4862:
3632:
3177:
3085:
2774:
O'Leary R, Saxena A, Arguelles W, Hernandez Y, Osondu CU, Suarez JC (December 2022).
1564:
1448:
1121:
920:(Moore or Southern) approach accesses the joint and capsule through the back, taking
796:
654:
650:
492:
6329:"Modular hip prosthesis with textured femoral stem, Science Museum Group Collection"
6043:. Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, University College London, UK.
5193:"Postoperative radiograph of the hip arthroplasty: what the radiologist should know"
4769:
4483:"Anterior Approach to the Hip (Smith Petersen) β Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics"
2930:
2200:
2059:
1176:
and a line going through the (anterior and posterior) margins of the acetabular cup.
335:
Risks and complications in hip replacement are similar to those associated with all
6998:
6962:
6905:
6654:
6639:
6624:
6237:"Austin Moore type prosthesis for hip replacement, Science Museum Group Collection"
5609:
5345:
4905:
4621:
4524:
4377:
4060:
3296:
3134:
2964:
1535:
1456:
1394:
1269:
834:
813:
788:
653:
palsy is another possible complication. The frequency of this complication is low.
534:
304:
263:
6429:"Instrument set for Austin-Moore hip replacement, Science Museum Group Collection"
2840:
2676:
266:. A total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty) consists of replacing both the
209:
6315:"Ringed titanium hip prosthesis with screw stem, Science Museum Group Collection"
5257:
4846:
4753:
4123:
3565:
3548:
3524:
3507:
2879:
2751:
2734:
2641:
2135:
1684:
Evans JT, Evans JP, Walker RW, Blom AW, Whitehouse MR, Sayers A (February 2019).
1559:
made by Kenneth Dobbie in the 1960s. Dobbie was electrical engineer at the
491:
are relatively common following hip replacement surgery. Standard treatment with
195:
7008:
7003:
6833:
6649:
6634:
6507:
5395:
3023:
1067:
827:
725:
703:
579:
501:
394:
203:
6220:"Thompson type prosthesis for hip replacement, Science Museum Group Collection"
6192:"Thompson type prosthesis for hip replacement, Science Museum Group Collection"
5757:"A study of cost variations for knee and hip replacement surgeries in the U.S."
5557:
5441:
5191:
Vanrusselt J, Vansevenant M, Vanderschueren G, Vanhoenacker F (December 2015).
5095:
4932:
4889:
4718:
4683:
4648:
4569:
3411:
3161:
2791:
2711:
2599:
2411:
2356:
2232:
2184:
1958:
7023:
6993:
6850:
6644:
6629:
5837:
5675:
5593:
5511:
5208:
4800:
3767:
2075:
1842:
1628:
1603:
1290:
1273:
1062:
1049:
1030:
949:
approach approach requires elevation of the hip abductors (gluteus medius and
934:
925:
860:
734:
607:
530:
308:
267:
6354:"Replacement hip joint, United States, 1998, Science Museum Group Collection"
4157:
4075:
3857:
3349:
2887:
2848:
2503:
2419:
2380:
2083:
2007:
1966:
1909:
1850:
1793:
1242:. Conservative management can prevent or delay the need for hip replacement.
283:
Total hip replacement is most commonly used to treat joint failure caused by
6781:
6742:
6732:
5296:
4785:"Does Surgical Approach Affect Patient-reported Function After Primary THA?"
2553:
1785:
1514:
1504:
1406:
1357:
1058:
908:. The literature offers no compelling evidence for any particular approach.
905:
868:
800:
775:
759:
667:
256:
6174:
6020:
5960:
5896:
5855:
5742:
5693:
5640:
5601:
5565:
5530:
5449:
5414:
5363:
5314:
5265:
5226:
5162:
5113:
5028:
4989:
4940:
4897:
4854:
4818:
4761:
4726:
4691:
4656:
4613:
4577:
4542:
4406:"A comparison of three lateral approaches in primary total hip replacement"
4343:
4142:
4052:
4017:
3898:
3785:
3640:
3602:
3574:
3533:
3454:
3419:
3357:
3328:
Saleh, Khaled J.; Thongtrangan, Issada; Schwarz, Edward M. (October 2004).
3314:
3263:
3169:
3126:
3101:"Aspirin or Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis after Hip or Knee Arthroplasty"
3077:
3041:
2992:
2922:
2809:
2760:
2719:
2684:
2649:
2607:
2572:
2521:
2472:
2437:
2251:
2192:
2143:
2101:
1984:
1927:
1868:
1811:
1719:
767:
17:
4954:
Nieuwenhuijse MJ, Nelissen RG, Schoones JW, Sedrakyan A (September 2014).
4605:
4439:
4421:
4358:"Charnley-type artificial hip prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
3245:
3117:
3100:
2947:
Forster R, Stewart M, et al. (Cochrane Vascular Group) (March 2016).
2623:"Litigation after hip and knee replacement in the National Health Service"
2015:
1900:
953:) to access the joint. The abductors may be lifted up by osteotomy of the
612:
Most hip replacements consist of cobalt and chromium alloys, or titanium.
219:
5942:
5724:
4335:
4009:
3890:
3594:
3446:
2464:
2372:
1827:"Total hip replacement for proximal femoral tumours: our midterm results"
1419:
1109:
is routinely performed to ensure proper configuration of hip prostheses.
799:
at Wrightington Hospital in the United Kingdom. His work in the field of
780:
625:
497:
407:
6002:
5788:
4876:
Parsley BS (August 2018). "Robotics in Orthopedics: A Brave New World".
1941:
Kumar, Prasoon; Sen, Ramesh K.; Aggarwal, Sameer; Jindal, Karan (2020).
2735:"The importance of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty"
2394:
Karachalios, Theofilos; Komnos, George; Koutalos, Antonios (May 2018).
1500:
1411:
1145:
881:
784:
233:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
5493:
Metcalfe D, Judge A, Perry DC, Gabbe B, Zogg CK, Costa ML (May 2019).
4971:
1352:
Some authorities claim that the future of osteoarthritis treatment is
5762:. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. 21 January 2015. Archived from
5660:"International survey of primary and revision total knee replacement"
5005:"Factors influencing initial cup stability in total hip arthroplasty"
3914:"As Use of Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants Grows, Studies Raise Concerns"
3549:"A benign psoas mass following metal-on-metal resurfacing of the hip"
1427:
817:
621:
591:
4236:
FDA Executive Summary Memorandum β Metal-on-Metal Hip Implant System
1770:"Total Hip Arthroplasty in Protrusio Acetabuli: A Systematic Review"
1451:
at Wrightington General Hospital combined a metal prosthesis with a
628:
can be absorbed into the person's bloodstream. There are reports of
5709:"Prevalence of Total Hip and Knee Replacement in the United States"
4783:
Graves SC, Dropkin BM, Keeney BJ, Lurie JD, Tomek IM (April 2016).
2488:"Prevention of early complications following total hip replacement"
820:), acetabular component, both of which were fixed to the bone using
6816:
5328:
McDonald S, Page MJ, Beringer K, Wasiak J, Sprowson A (May 2014).
1490:
1473:
1380:
1281:
1029:
1021:
774:
766:
758:
587:
545:
357:
346:
156:
152:
6290:"Vitallium total hip prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
3963:"Medical Device Alert: All metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements"
1653:
Learmonth, Ian D; Young, Claire; Rorabeck, Cecil (October 2007).
6583:
6565:
5080:"Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty: should everyone get one?"
4212:. Food and Drug Administration. 27 March 2012. FDA-2012-N-0293.
698:
617:
529:
Many long-term problems with hip replacements are the result of
259:
6537:
3508:"Pseudotumours associated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacings"
1097:
Dual mobility hip replacements reduce the risk of dislocation.
5987:"Total Hip Arthroplasty - over 100 years of operative history"
5129:"Dual mobility in hip arthroplasty: What evidence do we need?"
4294:"Study Suggests Women Have Higher Risk of Hip Implant Failure"
2115:
Smith TO, Aboelmagd T, Hing CB, MacGregor A (September 2016).
795:
The modern artificial joint owes much to the 1962 work of Sir
616:
is no longer used. Any metal implant releases its constituent
237:
29:
3471:
The Well-Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: Theory and Practice
1563:, Stanmore, UK. He worked closely with the hip surgeon
1430:
developed metal-based prostheses during the 1950s and 1960s.
1048:
The acetabular cup is the component which is placed into the
682:
for elective hip replacements is significantly less than 1%.
343:
before a hip replacement does not appear to change outcomes.
6265:"Vitallium Hip prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
6251:"Vitallium Hip Prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
6123:"Vitallium Hip prosthesis, Science Museum Group Collection"
2327:"Hip β Arthroplasty β Normal and abnormal imaging findings"
1459:
design. Ceramic bearings were developed in the late 1970s.
833:
The replacement joint, which was known as the low friction
5623:
Centeno CJ, Kisiday J, Freeman M, Schultz JR (July 2006).
5078:
Blakeney WG, Epinette JA, Vendittoli PA (September 2019).
1742:. International Federation of Health Plans. Archived from
1553:
UK. Tools include head punches, reamers, drills and rasps.
6379:"ANTHOLOGY Hip System, Science Museum Group Collection"
6065:"What You Need to Know About Joint Replacement Surgery"
2396:"Total hip arthroplasty: Survival and modes of failure"
2214:
Heo SM, Harris I, Naylor J, Lewin AM (September 2020).
1837:(5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 399β402.
1040:
modular femoral necks, and uncemented monoblock cups.
61:
5713:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
5285:
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
4594:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
4241:(Report). Food and Drug Administration. 27 June 2012.
3998:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
3879:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
3621:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
3583:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
3474:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 336.
3234:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
2453:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
1478:
Hip prostheses on display in the London Science Museum
1341:
procedure is a further refinement to hip resurfacing.
6404:"ECHELON Hip System, Science Museum Group Collection"
5925:
Bota NC, Nistor DV, Caterev S, Todor A (March 2021).
5822:"Biographical sketch: Themistocles Gluck (1853-1942)"
4076:"Metal-on-metal hip replacements 'high failure rate'"
3553:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
3547:
Boardman DR, Middleton FR, Kavanagh TG (March 2006).
3512:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
3199:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2739:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
1655:"The operation of the century: total hip replacement"
5871:"Early attempts at hip arthroplasty--1700s to 1950s"
5465:"Effect of hemiarthroplasty on acetabular cartilage"
5330:"Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement"
1538:. Both have porous coating to promote bone adhesion.
550:
Hip prosthesis displaying aseptic loosening (arrows)
507:
Some physicians and patients may consider having an
6986:
6926:
6871:
6824:
6815:
6780:
6725:
6689:
6673:
6617:
6591:
6582:
4186:. Food and Drug Administration. February 10, 2011.
3689:
3687:
1144:which is tangential to the inferior margins of the
713:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
202:
188:
172:
164:
139:
27:
Surgery replacing hip joint with prosthetic implant
3752:"Metal-on-metal: history, state of the art (2010)"
3377:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 958.
724:symptoms. Patients who have allergic reactions to
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5172:
4270:. Food and Drug Administration. 17 January 2013.
4158:"Surgeons call for end to metal hip replacements"
3656:"Cobalt Toxicity in Two Hip Replacement Patients"
2974:20.500.11820/3f5a887a-031a-43bd-8406-b85ab02d6618
897:Each technique is defined by its relation to the
6508:""Prototypes", Science Museum Blog (April 2011)"
5985:Knight SR, Aujla R, Biswas SP (September 2011).
2361:The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American)
2325:Watt I, Boldrik S, van Langelaan E, Smithuis R.
1894:(4). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 357β363.
1320:of the hips, with a right-sided hemiarthroplasty
5377:Jones C, Briffa N, Jacob J, Hargrove R (2017).
1521:Example of acetabular cup prosthesis from 1998:
5238:
5236:
3371:Callaghan JJ, Rosenberg AG, Rubash HE (2007).
60:Please review the contents of the article and
6549:
3933:"Concerns Over 'Metal on Metal' Hip Implants"
3695:"FDA seeks more advice on metal hip implants"
3330:"Osteolysis: medical and surgical approaches"
2825:"Periprosthetic fractures: bespoke solutions"
2823:Yasen, A. T.; Haddad, F. S. (November 2014).
8:
6529:Edheads Virtual Hip Surgery + Surgery Photos
4268:"Concerns about Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants"
3663:State of Alaska Epidemiology Bulletin No. 14
3211:, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons,
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2064:Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
5820:Brand RA, Mont MA, Manring MM (June 2011).
5334:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4513:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3614:
3612:
3285:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3189:
3187:
2953:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1947:Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
1393:(1853β1942), who used ivory to replace the
1289:prosthesis tends to loosen or to erode the
973:approach develops the interval between the
6821:
6588:
6556:
6542:
6534:
6041:Early Development of Total Hip Replacement
5826:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
5582:Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
5054:"Total Hip Replacement - OrthoInfo - AAOS"
4789:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
3804:Health Center for Devices and Radiological
3725:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
3334:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
2278:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1035.
2000:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
1455:acetabular cup before settling on a metal/
1120:are measurements of cup angulation in the
145:
6949:Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
6164:
6010:
5950:
5886:
5845:
5732:
5683:
5520:
5510:
5404:
5394:
5353:
5304:
5216:
5152:
5103:
4979:
4808:
4532:
4429:
4132:
4122:
3775:
3564:
3523:
3304:
3253:
3116:
3031:
2982:
2972:
2799:
2750:
2733:Konyves A, Bannister GC (February 2005).
2562:
2552:
2511:
2427:
2241:
2231:
2091:
1974:
1917:
1899:
1858:
1801:
1709:
1549:made by Downs Ltd for the City Hospital,
6901:Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction
3195:American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
3070:10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00004
2915:10.7326/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00423
1497:Examples of prostheses from 1970 to 1985
1257:
1054:ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
853:ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
553:
509:ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis
455:
365:
5340:(5) (published 13 May 2014): CD003526.
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
1620:
1295:
1130:
6231:
6229:
6214:
6212:
6186:
6184:
6117:
6115:
6096:. Steadman Clinic. September 5, 2017.
6034:
6032:
6030:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5906:
1731:
1729:
990:approach uses an interval between the
136:
4385:from the original on 12 November 2020
4248:from the original on 7 September 2012
2942:
2940:
1511:Examples of prostheses from the 1990s
1385:Gosset-style hip prosthesis from 1960
7:
5127:Horriat S, Haddad FS (August 2018).
3943:from the original on August 13, 2017
1780:(1). The Korean Hip Society: 12β25.
6807:Autologous chondrocyte implantation
4324:The New England Journal of Medicine
3105:The New England Journal of Medicine
1953:(Suppl 2). Elsevier BV: S192βS195.
1561:Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
422:Prosthesis loosening with migration
327:and pain medications, have failed.
215:
6958:Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
6802:Knee cartilage replacement therapy
5145:10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0217
4507:Jolles BM, Bogoch ER (July 2006).
4274:from the original on 24 April 2019
4164:from the original on 10 April 2012
3731:from the original on 12 April 2020
3342:10.1097/01.blo.0000142288.66246.4d
1339:minimally invasive hip resurfacing
686:Metal-on-metal hip implant failure
519:Intermittent pneumatic compression
460:Intraoperative acetabular fracture
255:is generally conducted to relieve
240:joint is replaced by a prosthetic
25:
6100:from the original on June 1, 2024
6094:"Dr. Matta and Anterior Approach"
5021:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.09.006
4190:from the original on June 1, 2024
3215:from the original on 8 April 2015
771:Different parts of hip prosthesis
6514:from the original on 2021-07-30.
4371:Timperley AJ (20 October 2017).
4216:from the original on 10 May 2012
3633:10.2106/00004623-200103000-00017
1528:Examples of prostheses from 2006
1310:
1298:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1165:
1153:
1133:
928:and femur and preserves the hip
159:and the socket replaced by a cup
126:
34:
6474:from the original on 2022-04-01
6435:from the original on 2022-04-01
6410:from the original on 2022-04-01
6385:from the original on 2022-04-01
6360:from the original on 2022-04-08
6335:from the original on 2022-04-01
6296:from the original on 2021-12-02
6271:from the original on 2022-04-01
6198:from the original on 2022-04-01
6147:Gomez PF, Morcuende JA (2005).
6129:from the original on 2022-04-01
5869:Gomez PF, Morcuende JA (2005).
5802:from the original on 2020-01-19
5475:from the original on 2012-11-20
5035:from the original on 2024-06-01
4489:from the original on 2024-06-01
4464:from the original on 2007-12-18
4304:from the original on 2024-06-01
3840:from the original on 2010-05-27
3810:from the original on 2024-06-01
3488:from the original on 2024-06-01
2355:Berry, Daniel J. (2005-11-01).
2337:from the original on 2019-09-22
2292:from the original on 2024-06-01
2153:from the original on 2024-06-01
2040:from the original on 2024-05-23
1737:"2012 comparative price report"
1557:Prototype oscillating bone saws
1551:Nottingham University Hospitals
810:one-piece femoral stem and head
742:On February 10, 2011, the U.S.
707:and factors related to patient
406:Recent onset or progression of
7066:Orthopedic surgical procedures
5789:"History of Artificial Joints"
5346:10.1002/14651858.CD003526.pub3
4525:10.1002/14651858.cd003828.pub3
3297:10.1002/14651858.CD009543.pub3
2965:10.1002/14651858.CD004179.pub2
2272:Berry DJ, Lieberman J (2012).
1532:Smith & Nephew Orthopedics
62:add the appropriate references
1:
5499:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
5383:The Open Orthopaedics Journal
4184:"Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants"
4074:Gallagher J (13 March 2012).
4045:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60353-5
3468:Breusch S, Malchau H (2005).
2841:10.1302/0301-620X.96B11.34300
2677:10.3928/0147-7447-20000901-20
2541:Chiropractic & Osteopathy
2220:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
1702:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31665-9
1671:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60457-7
1026:Metal on metal prosthetic hip
1002:Minimally invasive approaches
721:delayed-type hypersensitivity
711:. In the United Kingdom, the
321:juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
6153:The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
5875:The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
5258:10.1302/0301-620X.97B5.34735
5246:The Bone & Joint Journal
4847:10.3928/01477447-20201119-10
4754:10.1302/0301-620X.99B6.38053
4742:The Bone & Joint Journal
4124:10.1371/journal.pone.0156051
3858:Medscape Conference Coverage
3566:10.1302/0301-620X.88B3.16748
3525:10.1302/0301-620X.90B7.20213
2880:10.1302/0301-620X.98B4.37201
2868:The Bone & Joint Journal
2829:The Bone & Joint Journal
2752:10.1302/0301-620X.87B2.14878
2642:10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.30908
2630:The Bone & Joint Journal
2136:10.1302/0301-620x.98b9.38024
2124:The Bone & Joint Journal
1888:World Journal of Orthopedics
1599:Femoroacetabular impingement
1190:intra-individual variability
397:without complete dislocation
311:, arthritis associated with
287:. Other indications include
5792:(ppt video online download)
5546:The Journal of Arthroplasty
5430:The Journal of Arthroplasty
5396:10.2174/1874325001711011200
4921:The Journal of Arthroplasty
4878:The Journal of Arthroplasty
4707:The Journal of Arthroplasty
4672:The Journal of Arthroplasty
4637:The Journal of Arthroplasty
4558:The Journal of Arthroplasty
3750:Triclot P (February 2011).
3400:The Journal of Arthroplasty
3058:Annals of Internal Medicine
3024:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003965
2903:Annals of Internal Medicine
2700:The Journal of Arthroplasty
2588:The Journal of Arthroplasty
1229:Alternatives and variations
638:FDA's 510k approval process
270:and the femoral head while
47:reliable medical references
7097:
6790:Articular cartilage repair
5664:International Orthopaedics
5558:10.1016/j.arth.2015.05.014
5442:10.1016/j.arth.2008.02.019
5389:(Suppl-7, M4): 1200β1212.
5096:10.1302/2058-5241.4.180045
4933:10.1016/j.arth.2016.05.026
4890:10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.032
4719:10.1016/j.arth.2014.10.020
4684:10.1016/j.arth.2014.12.038
4649:10.1016/j.arth.2016.09.012
4570:10.1016/j.arth.2016.02.071
4410:International Orthopaedics
4156:Roberts M (5 March 2012).
3756:International Orthopaedics
3412:10.1016/j.arth.2009.05.018
3162:10.1007/s40265-020-01413-w
2792:10.1016/j.artd.2022.08.021
2712:10.1016/j.arth.2007.05.003
2600:10.1016/j.arth.2004.02.018
2412:10.1302/2058-5241.3.170068
2233:10.1186/s12891-020-03612-8
2185:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.019
1959:10.1016/j.jcot.2019.02.009
1831:International Orthopaedics
1575:
841:. The small femoral head (
717:Joint replacement registry
689:
605:
432:and previous hip surgery.
6573:
5838:10.1007/s11999-011-1836-8
5676:10.1007/s00264-011-1235-5
5594:10.1007/s00402-007-0447-z
5512:10.1186/s12891-019-2590-4
5209:10.1007/s13244-015-0438-5
5133:Bone & Joint Research
4801:10.1007/s11999-015-4639-5
3931:Meier B (March 3, 2010).
3912:Meier B (March 3, 2010).
3768:10.1007/s00264-010-1180-8
3654:Tower SS (May 28, 2010).
2076:10.1007/s11999-015-4341-7
1843:10.1007/s00264-006-0124-9
1503:Hospital, UK are made of
1286:high-density polyethylene
1011:Computer-assisted surgery
824:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
362:Dislocated artificial hip
216:
144:
53:or relies too heavily on
6916:Finger joint replacement
6707:Distraction osteogenesis
3828:CotΓ© J (July 22, 2007).
3727:. FDA. 9 February 2019.
2535:Knutson GA (July 2005).
1578:Hip replacement (animal)
1403:Columbia, South Carolina
1107:projectional radiography
470:Vancouver classification
5297:10.2519/jospt.2009.0301
3834:San Francisco Chronicle
3374:The Adult Hip, Volume 1
3206:: an initiative of the
2554:10.1186/1746-1340-13-11
2179:(2): 117β24, quiz 124.
1786:10.5371/hp.2024.36.1.12
1499:: Examples provided by
1234:Conservative management
783:hip prosthesis, with a
763:Hip prosthesis 3D model
680:perioperative mortality
513:unnecessary health care
403:Substantial weight loss
307:, benign and malignant
236:procedure in which the
6697:Femoral head ostectomy
6665:Vertebral augmentation
2835:(11_Supple_A): 48β55.
2594:(4 Suppl 1): 108β110.
2504:10.1051/sicotj/2021060
1479:
1386:
1264:
1205:Leg length discrepancy
1118:acetabular anteversion
1114:acetabular inclination
1036:
1027:
837:, was lubricated with
792:
772:
764:
562:
551:
461:
440:Limb length inequality
416:Malposition of the cup
371:
363:
317:ankylosing spondylitis
6894:WeaverβDunn procedure
6795:Microfracture surgery
6564:Procedures involving
5197:Insights into Imaging
5009:Clinical Biomechanics
4606:10.2106/JBJS.16.00060
4422:10.1007/s002640050193
4373:"Robin Ling obituary"
4298:media.jamanetwork.com
3672:on September 18, 2020
3246:10.2106/JBJS.9408edit
3118:10.1056/NEJMoa1712746
1901:10.5312/wjo.v8.i4.357
1589:2010 DePuy Hip Recall
1477:
1384:
1261:
1033:
1025:
778:
770:
762:
557:
549:
459:
412:neurological disorder
369:
361:
6884:Shoulder replacement
6846:Intervertebral discs
6604:Orthognathic surgery
6039:Reynolds LA (2006).
5943:10.4081/or.2021.8773
5725:10.2106/JBJS.N.01141
5469:1996 Project Reports
4564:(9 Suppl): 127β130.
4336:10.1056/NEJMp1206794
4010:10.2106/JBJS.E.00604
3891:10.2106/JBJS.H.00603
3595:10.2106/JBJS.D.02916
3447:10.1148/rg.324115183
2465:10.2106/JBJS.H.00155
2373:10.2106/JBJS.D.02860
1487:Prosthesis from 1960
1345:Viscosupplementation
996:tensor fasciae latae
975:tensor fasciae latae
865:University of Exeter
702:centers such as the
559:Hip prosthesis zones
485:deep vein thrombosis
289:rheumatoid arthritis
7081:Orthopedic implants
7061:Implants (medicine)
7036:Arthroscopic lavage
6768:Tension band wiring
6003:10.4081/or.2011.e16
4115:2016PLoSO..1156051P
4039:(9822): 1199β1204.
3806:. FDA. 2019-02-09.
3800:"510(k) Clearances"
3721:"510(k) Clearances"
2331:Radiology Assistant
1749:on 12 November 2020
1665:(9597): 1508β1519.
1530:: Examples made by
1482:The items include:
1364:Prevalence and cost
1074:Articular interface
732:On March 12, 2012,
341:Weight loss surgery
301:protrusio acetabuli
297:traumatic arthritis
253:orthopaedic surgery
6978:Triple arthrodesis
6973:BrostrΓΆm procedure
6911:Brunelli procedure
6712:Ilizarov apparatus
6660:Vertebral fixation
6576:Orthopedic surgery
5991:Orthopedic Reviews
5931:Orthopedic Reviews
5769:on 22 October 2015
5084:EFORT Open Reviews
4966:(sep09 1): g5133.
4678:(9 Suppl): 94β97.
3937:The New York Times
3918:The New York Times
3863:2017-06-28 at the
2780:Arthroplasty Today
2706:(6 Suppl 2): 2β7.
2400:EFORT Open Reviews
2275:Surgery of the Hip
1696:(10172): 647β654.
1480:
1471:Galleries".
1391:Themistocles Gluck
1387:
1265:
1221:Center of rotation
1037:
1028:
955:greater trochanter
903:greater trochanter
793:
773:
765:
563:
552:
489:pulmonary embolism
462:
372:
364:
337:joint replacements
293:avascular necrosis
7048:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7014:Joint replacement
6968:Ankle replacement
6776:
6775:
6763:External fixation
6758:Internal fixation
6609:Chin augmentation
6506:Hurley S (2011).
5719:(17): 1386β1397.
5670:(12): 1783β1789.
5552:(11): 1938β1952.
5058:www.orthoinfo.org
5015:(10): 1177β1185.
4972:10.1136/bmj.g5133
4927:(10): 2353β2363.
3481:978-3-540-24197-3
3384:978-0-7817-5092-9
3197:(February 2013),
3156:(18): 1889β1899.
1629:"Hip Replacement"
1565:Sir John Charnley
1407:Vitallium; it was
1246:Preoperative care
1142:transischial line
922:piriformis muscle
570:Metal sensitivity
481:Venous thrombosis
250:joint replacement
227:
226:
135:
134:
111:
76:"Hip replacement"
16:(Redirected from
7088:
6954:Knee replacement
6879:Shoulder surgery
6822:
6589:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6535:
6516:
6515:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6450:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6233:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6188:
6179:
6178:
6168:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6119:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6071:. Archived from
6061:
6055:
6054:
6050:978-085484-111-0
6036:
6025:
6024:
6014:
5982:
5965:
5964:
5954:
5922:
5901:
5900:
5890:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5849:
5832:(6): 1525β1527.
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5793:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5768:
5761:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5736:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5687:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5643:. Archived from
5620:
5614:
5613:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5524:
5514:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5398:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5357:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5308:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5240:
5231:
5230:
5220:
5188:
5167:
5166:
5156:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4884:(8): 2355β2357.
4873:
4867:
4866:
4841:(2): e236βe242.
4829:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4643:(3): 1001β1005.
4632:
4626:
4625:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4442:. Archived from
4433:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4136:
4126:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4004:(6): 1173β1182.
3993:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:on 25 April 2010
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3874:
3868:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3779:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3665:. Archived from
3660:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3589:(6): 1183β1191.
3578:
3568:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3441:(4): 1089β1107.
3430:
3424:
3423:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3336:(427): 138β147.
3325:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3291:(12): CD009543.
3276:
3270:
3267:
3257:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3120:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2322:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2130:(9): 1160β1166.
2121:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1903:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1774:Hip & Pelvis
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1625:
1443:
1314:
1302:
1254:Hemiarthroplasty
1240:physical therapy
1217:
1201:
1185:
1174:transverse plane
1169:
1157:
1137:
1128:, respectively.
1093:
1092:
1088:
992:sartorius muscle
941:Lateral approach
850:
849:
845:
325:physical therapy
272:hemiarthroplasty
220:edit on Wikidata
212:
198:
168:Hip arthroplasty
149:
137:
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7096:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7040:
6982:
6939:Hip replacement
6934:Hip resurfacing
6922:
6867:
6811:
6772:
6721:
6717:Phemister graft
6685:
6669:
6613:
6578:
6569:
6562:
6525:
6520:
6519:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6477:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6438:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6413:
6411:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6388:
6386:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6363:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6338:
6336:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6299:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6274:
6272:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6235:
6234:
6227:
6218:
6217:
6210:
6201:
6199:
6190:
6189:
6182:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6132:
6130:
6121:
6120:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6078:
6076:
6069:Verywell Health
6063:
6062:
6058:
6051:
6038:
6037:
6028:
5984:
5983:
5968:
5924:
5923:
5904:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5805:
5803:
5796:slideplayer.com
5791:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5478:
5476:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5242:
5241:
5234:
5190:
5189:
5170:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5038:
5036:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4519:(3): CD003828.
4506:
4505:
4501:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4404:Pai VS (1997).
4403:
4402:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4305:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4109:(6): e0156051.
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4030:
4029:
4025:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3972:
3970:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3865:Wayback Machine
3856:
3852:
3843:
3841:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3813:
3811:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3701:. 29 March 2012
3693:
3692:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3580:
3579:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3227:
3218:
3216:
3208:ABIM Foundation
3204:Choosing Wisely
3193:
3192:
3185:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3064:(11): 800β806.
3054:
3053:
3049:
3018:(12): e003965.
3005:
3004:
3000:
2959:(3): CD004179.
2946:
2945:
2938:
2909:(10): 720β727.
2900:
2899:
2895:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2304:
2295:
2293:
2286:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1633:medlineplus.gov
1627:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1609:Hip examination
1585:
1580:
1574:
1547:Instrument sets
1437:
1435:Γmile Letournel
1379:
1366:
1347:
1331:Hip resurfacing
1328:
1326:Hip resurfacing
1321:
1315:
1306:
1303:
1256:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1149:
1138:
1105:Post-operative
1103:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1046:
1020:
1004:
984:
967:
951:gluteus minimus
943:
914:
895:
847:
843:
842:
808:stainless steel
757:
709:immune response
694:
692:Implant failure
688:
676:
664:
649:Post operative
647:
630:cobalt toxicity
614:Stainless steel
610:
604:
572:
544:
527:
478:
476:Vein thrombosis
454:
442:
429:
400:Previous trauma
356:
333:
313:Paget's disease
281:
230:Hip replacement
223:
208:
194:
160:
140:Hip replacement
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7094:
7092:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7053:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7029:Arthrocentesis
7026:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6951:
6946:
6944:Rotationplasty
6941:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6903:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6889:Bankart repair
6886:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6830:
6828:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6748:Epiphysiodesis
6745:
6740:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6702:Astragalectomy
6699:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6524:
6523:External links
6521:
6518:
6517:
6498:
6484:
6459:
6445:
6420:
6395:
6370:
6345:
6320:
6306:
6281:
6256:
6242:
6225:
6208:
6180:
6139:
6111:
6085:
6056:
6049:
6026:
5966:
5902:
5861:
5812:
5780:
5748:
5699:
5650:
5647:on 2009-02-12.
5635:(3): 253β256.
5629:Pain Physician
5615:
5588:(8): 815β823.
5571:
5536:
5485:
5455:
5436:(5): 768β774.
5420:
5369:
5320:
5271:
5252:(5): 611β616.
5232:
5203:(6): 591β600.
5168:
5139:(8): 508β510.
5119:
5090:(9): 541β547.
5070:
5045:
4995:
4946:
4911:
4868:
4824:
4795:(4): 971β981.
4775:
4748:(6): 732β740.
4732:
4713:(3): 419β434.
4697:
4662:
4627:
4583:
4548:
4499:
4474:
4449:
4446:on 2002-01-08.
4416:(6): 393β398.
4396:
4363:
4349:
4314:
4285:
4259:
4227:
4201:
4175:
4148:
4089:
4066:
4023:
3988:
3979:
3954:
3923:
3904:
3885:(2): 443β446.
3869:
3850:
3820:
3791:
3762:(2): 201β206.
3742:
3712:
3683:
3646:
3627:(3): 428β436.
3608:
3559:(3): 402β404.
3539:
3518:(7): 847β851.
3498:
3480:
3460:
3425:
3406:(5): 700β708.
3390:
3383:
3363:
3320:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3240:(8): 673β674.
3224:, which cites
3183:
3140:
3111:(8): 699β707.
3091:
3047:
2998:
2936:
2893:
2874:(4): 461β467.
2854:
2815:
2766:
2745:(2): 155β157.
2725:
2690:
2671:(9): 943β944.
2655:
2636:(1): 122β126.
2613:
2578:
2527:
2478:
2459:(1): 128β133.
2443:
2406:(5): 232β239.
2386:
2347:
2302:
2284:
2257:
2206:
2163:
2107:
2070:(2): 357β364.
2050:
2021:
2002:(182): 90β98.
1990:
1933:
1874:
1817:
1760:
1725:
1676:
1645:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Abductor wedge
1591:
1584:
1581:
1576:Main article:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1540:
1539:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1494:
1468:Science Museum
1378:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1354:bioengineering
1346:
1343:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1297:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1139:
1132:
1126:sagittal plane
1102:
1099:
1075:
1072:
1045:
1044:Acetabular cup
1042:
1019:
1016:
1003:
1000:
983:
980:
966:
965:Antero-lateral
963:
942:
939:
913:
910:
899:gluteus medius
894:
891:
839:synovial fluid
831:
830:
821:
811:
791:acetabular cup
756:
755:Modern process
753:
687:
684:
675:
672:
663:
660:
646:
643:
606:Main article:
603:
602:Metal toxicity
600:
571:
568:
543:
540:
526:
523:
493:anticoagulants
477:
474:
466:periprosthetic
453:
450:
441:
438:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
404:
401:
398:
391:
388:
355:
352:
332:
329:
285:osteoarthritis
280:
277:
246:hip prosthesis
225:
224:
217:
214:
213:
206:
200:
199:
192:
186:
185:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
150:
142:
141:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7093:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6839:Spinal fusion
6837:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6814:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6738:Bone grafting
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6681:Acromioplasty
6679:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6599:Jaw reduction
6597:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6559:
6554:
6552:
6547:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6485:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6371:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6270:
6266:
6260:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6140:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6075:on 2015-09-06
6074:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5865:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5813:
5801:
5797:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5765:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5744:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5700:
5695:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5654:
5651:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5616:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5540:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5486:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5424:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5071:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4915:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4701:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4600:(2): 99β105.
4599:
4595:
4587:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4500:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4077:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3499:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:Radiographics
3429:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2285:9781455727056
2281:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1572:Other animals
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:John Charnley
1445:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:coronal plane
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1101:Configuration
1100:
1098:
1095:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
989:
981:
979:
976:
972:
971:anterolateral
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
940:
938:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
911:
909:
907:
904:
900:
892:
890:
886:
883:
877:
873:
870:
866:
862:
857:
854:
840:
836:
829:
825:
822:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
804:
802:
798:
797:John Charnley
790:
786:
782:
777:
769:
761:
754:
752:
750:
745:
740:
737:
736:
730:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
700:
693:
685:
683:
681:
673:
671:
669:
661:
659:
656:
655:Femoral nerve
652:
651:sciatic nerve
644:
642:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
609:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
581:
577:
569:
567:
560:
556:
548:
541:
539:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
473:
471:
467:
458:
451:
449:
446:
439:
437:
433:
426:
421:
418:
415:
413:
409:
405:
402:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
385:
384:
380:
377:
368:
360:
353:
351:
348:
344:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:hip fractures
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
276:
273:
269:
265:
264:hip fractures
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:, that is, a
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
211:
207:
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78: β
77:
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72:Find sources:
67:
63:
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56:
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48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
7018:
6999:Arthroplasty
6963:Ankle fusion
6938:
6906:Hand surgery
6861:Arthroplasty
6856:Annuloplasty
6655:Foraminotomy
6640:Laminoplasty
6625:Coccygectomy
6501:
6487:
6476:. Retrieved
6462:
6448:
6437:. Retrieved
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6398:
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6073:the original
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4452:
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4378:The Guardian
4376:
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3667:the original
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2176:
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2033:
2024:
1999:
1993:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1891:
1887:
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1834:
1830:
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1777:
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1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1693:
1689:
1679:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:arthroplasty
1527:
1520:
1510:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1457:polyethylene
1446:
1432:
1416:Wrightington
1399:
1395:femoral head
1388:
1371:
1367:
1351:
1348:
1336:
1329:
1270:hip fracture
1266:
1263:dislocation.
1249:
1237:
1220:
1204:
1141:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1077:
1061:beads and a
1047:
1038:
1009:
1005:
987:
985:
970:
968:
946:
944:
917:
915:
896:
887:
878:
874:
858:
835:arthroplasty
832:
816:(originally
814:polyethylene
794:
789:polyethylene
748:
741:
733:
731:
695:
678:The rate of
677:
665:
662:Chronic pain
648:
634:
611:
595:
585:
576:pseudotumors
575:
573:
564:
535:inflammatory
528:
517:
506:
479:
463:
447:
443:
434:
430:
381:
373:
345:
334:
282:
279:Medical uses
245:
229:
228:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
7076:Prosthetics
7009:Arthroscopy
7004:Synovectomy
6834:Arthrodesis
6650:Facetectomy
6635:Laminectomy
5937:(1): 8773.
4835:Orthopedics
3676:January 13,
2665:Orthopedics
1466:The London
1438: [
1068:Morse taper
828:bone cement
704:Mayo Clinic
645:Nerve palsy
580:soft tissue
502:rivaroxaban
395:subluxation
390:Younger age
376:dislocation
354:Dislocation
309:bone tumors
262:or in some
204:MedlinePlus
165:Other names
45:needs more
18:Hip surgery
7055:Categories
7024:Arthrogram
6994:Arthrotomy
6851:Discectomy
6645:Corpectomy
6630:Laminotomy
6568:and joints
6478:2022-04-01
6439:2022-04-01
6414:2022-04-01
6389:2022-04-01
6364:2022-04-08
6339:2022-04-01
6300:2022-04-08
6275:2022-04-01
6202:2022-04-01
6133:2022-04-01
6079:2016-02-28
5997:(2): e16.
5806:2016-02-28
5505:(1): 226.
5479:2012-07-14
5039:2023-06-19
4493:2007-11-26
4468:2007-11-26
4389:22 October
4308:2013-08-08
4194:January 4,
3973:2010-05-07
3844:2010-02-27
3814:2020-04-15
3492:2020-09-18
2341:2017-05-21
2296:2020-09-18
2226:(1): 602.
2157:2023-07-18
2044:2024-05-23
2030:"UpToDate"
1659:The Lancet
1615:References
1604:Gruen zone
1410:including
1358:stem cells
1291:acetabulum
1274:prosthesis
1208:tolerated.
1081:tolerances
1063:foam metal
1050:acetabulum
935:piriformis
926:acetabulum
893:Techniques
872:versions.
861:Robin Ling
826:(acrylic)
749:The Lancet
735:The Lancet
690:See also:
608:Metallosis
531:osteolysis
525:Osteolysis
387:Female sex
303:, certain
268:acetabulum
87:newspapers
6782:Cartilage
6753:Reduction
6743:Osteotomy
6733:Ostectomy
6159:: 30β37.
6104:March 26,
5881:: 25β29.
5773:4 October
4863:227176201
4330:(1): e1.
3350:0009-921X
3178:222234431
3086:207536641
2888:2049-4394
2849:2049-4394
2786:: 11β15.
2547:(1): 11.
2420:2396-7544
2381:0021-9355
2084:0009-921X
2008:0009-921X
1967:0976-5662
1910:2218-5836
1851:0341-2695
1794:2287-3260
1753:4 October
1515:Vitallium
1505:Vitallium
1278:composite
930:abductors
918:posterior
912:Posterior
906:osteotomy
869:Clive Lee
867:engineer
801:tribology
787:head and
668:iliopsoas
542:Loosening
427:Infection
393:Previous
257:arthritis
7019:imaging:
6512:Archived
6472:Archived
6470:. 2022.
6433:Archived
6431:. 2022.
6408:Archived
6406:. 2022.
6383:Archived
6381:. 2022.
6358:Archived
6356:. 2022.
6333:Archived
6331:. 2022.
6294:Archived
6292:. 2022.
6269:Archived
6267:. 2022.
6196:Archived
6194:. 2022.
6175:16089068
6127:Archived
6125:. 2022.
6098:Archived
6021:22355482
5961:33897987
5897:16089067
5856:21403990
5800:Archived
5743:26333733
5694:21404023
5641:16886034
5602:17874246
5566:26067708
5531:31101041
5473:Archived
5450:18555648
5415:29290857
5364:24820247
5315:19352008
5266:25922453
5227:26487647
5163:30258569
5114:31598332
5033:Archived
5029:25266242
4990:25208953
4941:27325369
4898:29605151
4855:33238012
4819:26620966
4770:21287407
4762:28566391
4727:25453632
4692:26096071
4657:27843039
4614:28099299
4578:27067754
4543:16856020
4487:Archived
4462:Archived
4383:Archived
4344:22716934
4302:Archived
4278:15 March
4272:Archived
4252:15 March
4243:Archived
4214:Archived
4188:Archived
4162:Archived
4143:27295038
4103:PLOS ONE
4053:22417410
4018:16757748
3941:Archived
3899:19181991
3861:Archived
3838:Archived
3808:Archived
3786:21234564
3735:15 April
3729:Archived
3641:11263649
3603:16757749
3575:16498023
3534:18591590
3486:Archived
3455:22786996
3420:19596544
3358:15552150
3315:25528992
3264:22517384
3213:archived
3170:33037568
3127:29466159
3078:23732713
3042:24334158
3012:BMJ Open
2993:27027384
2984:10332795
2931:22797561
2923:22412039
2810:36267390
2761:15736733
2720:17823005
2685:11003095
2650:23307685
2608:15190563
2573:16026625
2522:34851264
2473:19122087
2438:29951261
2335:Archived
2290:Archived
2252:32912197
2201:21003271
2193:21333950
2173:PM&R
2148:Archived
2144:27587514
2102:26040966
2038:Archived
2034:UpToDate
1985:32189938
1928:28473965
1869:16821012
1812:38420735
1803:10929539
1720:30782340
1583:See also
1420:Stanmore
1124:and the
1116:and the
1059:sintered
1018:Implants
988:anterior
982:Anterior
781:titanium
626:chromium
498:heparins
483:such as
452:Fracture
408:dementia
234:surgical
174:ICD-9-CM
117:May 2024
6987:General
6726:General
6495:. 2022.
6456:. 2022.
6317:. 2022.
6253:. 2022.
6239:. 2022.
6222:. 2022.
6166:1888784
6012:3257425
5952:8054655
5888:1888777
5847:3094624
5734:4551172
5685:3224613
5610:9983894
5522:6525472
5406:5721319
5355:7154584
5306:3963282
5218:4656234
5154:6138808
5105:6771074
4981:4159610
4906:4557610
4810:4773324
4622:6299470
4534:8740306
4440:9498150
4431:3619565
4360:. 2022.
4160:. BBC.
4134:4905643
4111:Bibcode
4061:9913872
3777:3032111
3699:Reuters
3306:7100582
3255:3326687
3135:3625978
3033:3863129
2801:9576486
2564:1232860
2513:8634898
2492:SICOT-J
2429:5994632
2243:7488141
2093:4709292
2016:6692630
1976:7067986
1919:5396022
1860:3172771
1711:6376618
1501:Ipswich
1424:Redhill
1412:Norwich
1377:History
1146:ischium
1089:⁄
959:sutures
947:lateral
882:Ceramic
846:⁄
785:ceramic
596:in vivo
242:implant
196:D019644
101:scholar
66:removed
7071:Pelvis
6817:Joints
6173:
6163:
6047:
6019:
6009:
5959:
5949:
5895:
5885:
5854:
5844:
5741:
5731:
5692:
5682:
5639:
5608:
5600:
5564:
5529:
5519:
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5413:
5403:
5362:
5352:
5313:
5303:
5264:
5225:
5215:
5161:
5151:
5112:
5102:
5063:2 June
5027:
4988:
4978:
4939:
4904:
4896:
4861:
4853:
4817:
4807:
4768:
4760:
4725:
4690:
4655:
4620:
4612:
4576:
4541:
4531:
4438:
4428:
4342:
4220:20 May
4168:20 May
4141:
4131:
4082:20 May
4059:
4051:
4033:Lancet
4016:
3897:
3784:
3774:
3705:20 May
3639:
3601:
3573:
3532:
3478:
3453:
3418:
3381:
3356:
3348:
3313:
3303:
3262:
3252:
3219:19 May
3176:
3168:
3133:
3125:
3084:
3076:
3040:
3030:
2991:
2981:
2929:
2921:
2886:
2847:
2808:
2798:
2759:
2718:
2683:
2648:
2606:
2571:
2561:
2520:
2510:
2498:: 61.
2471:
2436:
2426:
2418:
2379:
2282:
2250:
2240:
2199:
2191:
2142:
2100:
2090:
2082:
2014:
2006:
1983:
1973:
1965:
1926:
1916:
1908:
1867:
1857:
1849:
1810:
1800:
1792:
1718:
1708:
1690:Lancet
1638:2 June
1524:joint.
1428:Exeter
1148:bones.
1035:screw.
818:Teflon
622:cobalt
592:eczema
210:002975
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
6826:Spine
6618:Spine
6584:Bones
6566:bones
5767:(PDF)
5760:(PDF)
5606:S2CID
4902:S2CID
4859:S2CID
4766:S2CID
4618:S2CID
4246:(PDF)
4239:(PDF)
4078:. BBC
4057:S2CID
3670:(PDF)
3659:(PDF)
3174:S2CID
3150:Drugs
3131:S2CID
3082:S2CID
2927:S2CID
2626:(PDF)
2197:S2CID
2151:(PDF)
2120:(PDF)
1747:(PDF)
1740:(PDF)
1491:Leeds
1442:]
1318:X-ray
1282:metal
726:alloy
674:Death
588:hives
410:or a
347:Edema
331:Risks
232:is a
218:[
183:81.53
179:81.51
157:femur
153:X-ray
108:JSTOR
94:books
6592:Face
6171:PMID
6106:2023
6045:ISBN
6017:PMID
5957:PMID
5893:PMID
5852:PMID
5775:2015
5739:PMID
5690:PMID
5637:PMID
5598:PMID
5562:PMID
5527:PMID
5446:PMID
5411:PMID
5360:PMID
5338:2014
5311:PMID
5262:PMID
5250:97-B
5223:PMID
5159:PMID
5110:PMID
5065:2024
5025:PMID
4986:PMID
4937:PMID
4894:PMID
4851:PMID
4815:PMID
4758:PMID
4746:99-B
4723:PMID
4688:PMID
4653:PMID
4610:PMID
4574:PMID
4539:PMID
4517:2006
4436:PMID
4391:2017
4340:PMID
4280:2013
4254:2013
4222:2012
4196:2012
4170:2012
4139:PMID
4084:2012
4049:PMID
4014:PMID
3949:2017
3895:PMID
3782:PMID
3737:2020
3707:2012
3678:2011
3637:PMID
3599:PMID
3571:PMID
3530:PMID
3476:ISBN
3451:PMID
3416:PMID
3379:ISBN
3354:PMID
3346:ISSN
3311:PMID
3289:2014
3260:PMID
3221:2013
3166:PMID
3123:PMID
3074:PMID
3038:PMID
2989:PMID
2957:2016
2919:PMID
2884:ISSN
2872:98-B
2845:ISSN
2833:96-B
2806:PMID
2757:PMID
2716:PMID
2681:PMID
2646:PMID
2634:95-B
2604:PMID
2569:PMID
2518:PMID
2469:PMID
2434:PMID
2416:ISSN
2377:ISSN
2280:ISBN
2248:PMID
2189:PMID
2140:PMID
2128:98-B
2098:PMID
2080:ISSN
2012:PMID
2004:ISSN
1981:PMID
1963:ISSN
1924:PMID
1906:ISSN
1865:PMID
1847:ISSN
1808:PMID
1790:ISSN
1755:2015
1716:PMID
1640:2024
1453:PTFE
1426:and
1337:The
1284:and
994:and
986:The
969:The
945:The
916:The
863:and
699:wear
624:and
618:ions
500:and
487:and
319:and
260:pain
190:MeSH
80:news
49:for
6927:Leg
6872:Arm
6690:Leg
6674:Arm
6161:PMC
6007:PMC
5999:doi
5947:PMC
5939:doi
5883:PMC
5842:PMC
5834:doi
5830:469
5729:PMC
5721:doi
5680:PMC
5672:doi
5590:doi
5586:128
5554:doi
5517:PMC
5507:doi
5438:doi
5401:PMC
5391:doi
5350:PMC
5342:doi
5301:PMC
5293:doi
5254:doi
5213:PMC
5205:doi
5149:PMC
5141:doi
5100:PMC
5092:doi
5017:doi
4976:PMC
4968:doi
4964:349
4960:BMJ
4929:doi
4886:doi
4843:doi
4805:PMC
4797:doi
4793:474
4750:doi
4715:doi
4680:doi
4645:doi
4602:doi
4566:doi
4529:PMC
4521:doi
4426:PMC
4418:doi
4332:doi
4328:367
4129:PMC
4119:doi
4041:doi
4037:379
4006:doi
3887:doi
3772:PMC
3764:doi
3629:doi
3591:doi
3561:doi
3520:doi
3443:doi
3408:doi
3338:doi
3301:PMC
3293:doi
3250:PMC
3242:doi
3158:doi
3113:doi
3109:378
3066:doi
3062:158
3028:PMC
3020:doi
2979:PMC
2969:hdl
2961:doi
2911:doi
2907:156
2876:doi
2837:doi
2796:PMC
2788:doi
2747:doi
2708:doi
2673:doi
2638:doi
2596:doi
2559:PMC
2549:doi
2508:PMC
2500:doi
2461:doi
2424:PMC
2408:doi
2369:doi
2238:PMC
2228:doi
2181:doi
2132:doi
2088:PMC
2072:doi
2068:474
1971:PMC
1955:doi
1914:PMC
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