1576:
214:
When the
Norwegian royal hird had developed into a formal court, hirdman became the title of the highest of its four ranks, those magnates who were allowed to sit in the royal council (the closest feudal equivalent of a cabinet) and thus had a say in governmental and other important matters.
202:
It is used as a title, originally, even in Norse mythology, for informal companions or retainers of the powerful, in the unruly old (often still pagan) times especially as companions in arms, later more refined like courtiers, a development not unlike that of the
169:(1299–1319) the Norse titles were dropped entirely in favor of continental titles. Emphasis was put on the Norwegian king's hird as a community of equals, a chivalresque corporation of warriors in which, technically, the king was the first among equals.
156:
was read or recited. The upper levels of the hird were a recruitment ground for numerous royal officials, and most external officials were also incorporated into the hird. Somewhere during the reign of
95:, it is a medieval term – the sagas were primarily written down in the 12th century using the language of their own time. There is some uncertainty as to what the term replaced, although the term
1605:
114:(1204–1263) the Norwegian hird was no longer exclusively focused on the military function, and had acquired several subdivisions on continental patterns, with
486:
1533:
1551:
142:, who received only half pay and served as a sort of intelligence service, and were not allowed to sit at the king's table for supper, apart from
364:
79:'marriage', both of which can mean "body of men" or more directly linked to the term for hearthguard, or men of one's own home and hearth.
284:'body of followers' is also used in modern literature; it was even adopted by powerful Romans in the late empire, by such Latin names as
1600:
632:
594:
1556:
764:
1546:
814:
619:
479:
339:
53:. Over time, it came to mean not only the nucleus ('Guards') of the royal army but also a more formal royal court household.
260:, but seems to mean 'warrior' in the Danish literature. However they were undoubtedly some form of standing mercenary force.
695:
1561:
574:
722:
1579:
759:
666:
659:
637:
472:
799:
784:
599:
584:
914:
804:
794:
789:
609:
589:
546:
1316:
749:
744:
727:
671:
566:
439:
614:
504:
31:
306:
111:
705:
676:
579:
1541:
754:
457:
446:
408:
924:
776:
715:
604:
536:
512:
192:
122:, literally "candle-men", which were ceremonially required to hold candles at hird ceremonies),
700:
551:
526:
360:
326:
178:
1123:
495:
196:
104:
732:
710:
654:
624:
508:
422:
1406:
1190:
854:
541:
1594:
1267:
1165:
1128:
1088:
954:
683:
642:
384:
859:
849:
832:
649:
433:
302:
357:
Alfred's Wars
Sources and Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Warfare in the Viking Age
1341:
1299:
1222:
1135:
1003:
993:
904:
688:
257:
123:
69:
42:
1518:
1306:
1289:
1237:
1227:
1212:
1180:
1170:
1048:
998:
874:
869:
837:
556:
451:
427:
390:
166:
1513:
1508:
1498:
1431:
1336:
1232:
1195:
1185:
1145:
1098:
1093:
1043:
983:
909:
899:
879:
842:
827:
414:
162:
158:
152:
150:
day, when the entire hird was assembled and sections of their law code, the
143:
62:
50:
1486:
1471:
1451:
1436:
1416:
1391:
1376:
1371:
1351:
1321:
1311:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1078:
1063:
1038:
1018:
988:
978:
973:
944:
939:
929:
864:
822:
531:
229:
224:
1503:
1491:
1481:
1456:
1446:
1441:
1421:
1411:
1386:
1326:
1284:
1257:
1175:
1108:
1103:
1083:
1073:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1008:
949:
934:
884:
46:
17:
75:'household, family, retinue, court' or perhaps the old German cognate
1523:
1476:
1461:
1426:
1401:
1366:
1361:
1294:
1279:
1217:
1155:
1140:
1118:
1068:
1058:
1053:
966:
961:
919:
889:
147:
131:
115:
27:
Informal retinue of personal armed companions in
Scandinavian history
464:
341:
Anglo-Saxon
Military Institutions on the Eve of the Norman Conquest
1396:
1381:
1356:
1346:
1331:
1274:
1242:
1207:
1202:
1160:
1150:
1033:
894:
737:
208:
204:
92:
1466:
1113:
88:
468:
385:
Realencyclopädie der
Klassischen Altertumswissenschaft: Hird
256:
is an ambiguous term which is thought to mean 'sailor' in
199:), literally for a member of a Hird 'household, family'.
103:
is used in Danish sources for the warrior following of
161:
the older laws of the Hird were incorporated into the
395:
Konge og gode menn i norsk riksstyring ca. 1150-1319
280:
For this
Germanic tradition the German generic term
1532:
813:
775:
565:
519:
359:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydel press. p. 155.
138:, literally "table-men"). In addition there were
1606:Military units and formations of the Middle Ages
41:(also named "Håndgangne Menn" in Norwegian), in
321:See for instance, 'hirð' in Cleasby-Vigfusson,
191:) is a word in Scandinavian languages (notably
480:
8:
511:origin primarily identified as speakers of
487:
473:
465:
344:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 16–17.
49:of personal armed companions, hirdmen or
1552:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
273:
241:
311:. Vol. 1. The MacMillan Company.
7:
402:Norge blir en stat : 1130-1319
45:history, was originally an informal
68:, (meaning Herd) again from either
177:For people with this surname, see
25:
1575:
1574:
87:While the term is often used in
1557:Christianization of Scandinavia
308:History of the Norwegian People
1547:Christianization of the Franks
620:Continental Germanic mythology
165:law code. During the reign of
1:
338:Hollister, C. Warren (1962).
323:Icelandic-English Dictionary
1562:Christianization of Iceland
1622:
1601:Military history of Norway
176:
29:
1570:
502:
800:North Germanic languages
785:Germanic parent language
805:West Germanic languages
795:East Germanic languages
790:Proto-Germanic language
610:Proto-Germanic folklore
547:Romano-Germanic culture
355:Lavelle, Ryan (2010).
615:Anglo-Saxon mythology
505:Ethnolinguistic group
32:Hird (disambiguation)
61:The term comes from
30:For other uses, see
1542:Gothic Christianity
447:Sagas of Icelanders
288:or the more common
925:Germani cisrhenani
633:Funerary practices
537:Pre-Roman Iron Age
513:Germanic languages
1588:
1587:
760:Gothic and Vandal
552:Germanic Iron Age
527:Nordic Bronze Age
509:Northern European
366:978-1-84383-569-1
179:Hirdman (surname)
16:(Redirected from
1613:
1578:
1577:
1534:Christianization
1124:Ripuarian Franks
496:Germanic peoples
489:
482:
475:
466:
440:Óláfs saga helga
409:Konungs Skuggsjá
371:
370:
352:
346:
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110:By the reign of
105:Canute the Great
21:
1621:
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1614:
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1610:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1566:
1528:
809:
771:
733:Gothic alphabet
625:Norse mythology
561:
515:
498:
493:
458:Fornmanna Sögur
380:
378:Further reading
375:
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1199:
1198:
1193:
1191:Thracian Goths
1188:
1183:
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542:Roman Iron Age
539:
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494:
492:
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484:
477:
469:
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419:
405:
404:, Bergen 1974.
398:
397:, Bergen 1972.
388:
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1192:
1189:
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1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Crimean Goths
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:Salian Franks
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
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583:
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573:
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570:
568:
567:Early culture
564:
558:
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553:
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411:
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406:
403:
400:Helle, Knut:
399:
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389:
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382:
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368:
362:
358:
351:
348:
343:
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331:
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324:
318:
315:
310:
309:
304:
303:Gjerset, Knut
298:
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287:
283:
277:
274:
267:
259:
255:
251:
245:
242:
235:
231:
228:
226:
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218:
216:
212:
210:
207:or the Roman
206:
200:
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74:
71:
67:
64:
56:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
860:Anglo-Saxons
850:Adrabaecampi
833:Bucinobantes
575:Architecture
456:
450:
438:
434:Heimskringla
432:
426:
423:Kings' sagas
413:
407:
401:
394:
383:
356:
350:
340:
333:
322:
317:
307:
297:
289:
285:
282:Gefolgschaft
281:
276:
253:
249:
244:
213:
201:
188:
184:
183:
151:
139:
136:skutilsveinr
135:
127:
120:kertilsveinr
119:
109:
100:
96:
86:
76:
72:
65:
60:
43:Scandinavian
38:
36:
1300:Nahanarvali
1223:Hilleviones
1136:Frisiavones
1004:Cananefates
994:Burgundians
905:Banochaemae
755:Anglo-Saxon
706:Anglo-Saxon
672:Anglo-Saxon
655:Anglo-Saxon
638:Anglo-Saxon
391:Helle, Knut
327:online copy
258:Anglo-Saxon
124:men-at-arms
93:law codices
89:Norse sagas
70:Old English
1595:Categories
1519:Vinoviloth
1307:Marcomanni
1290:Helveconae
1268:Heaðobards
1238:Istvaeones
1228:Ingaevones
1213:Hermunduri
1181:Ostrogoths
1171:Greuthungi
1049:Chattuarii
875:Angrivarii
870:Ampsivarii
838:Lentienses
667:Literature
557:Viking Age
452:Egils Saga
428:Fagrskinna
286:bucellarii
268:References
51:housecarls
1514:Vidivarii
1509:Victohali
1499:Vangiones
1432:Thuringii
1337:Nuithones
1233:Irminones
1196:Visigoths
1186:Thervingi
1146:Gambrivii
1099:Dulgubnii
1094:Dauciones
1044:Chasuarii
984:Brondings
910:Bastarnae
900:Baiuvarii
880:Armalausi
843:Raetovari
777:Languages
745:Symbology
605:Folklore
600:Festivals
415:Hirdskraa
290:comitatus
248:The name
193:Norwegian
163:Hirdskraa
159:Magnus VI
153:Hirdskraa
144:Christmas
63:Old Norse
57:Etymology
1580:Category
1487:Hasdingi
1472:Usipetes
1452:Tubantes
1437:Toxandri
1417:Tencteri
1392:Suarines
1377:Sicambri
1372:Semnones
1352:Reudigni
1322:Mattiaci
1312:Marsacii
1263:Lombards
1253:Lacringi
1248:Juthungi
1079:Corconti
1064:Cherusci
1039:Charudes
1019:Chaedini
989:Bructeri
974:Bateinoi
945:Eburones
940:Condrusi
935:Caeroesi
930:Atuatuci
865:Ambrones
828:Brisgavi
823:Alemanni
701:Paganism
590:Clothing
585:Calendar
532:Germania
305:(1915).
254:lithsmen
230:Druzhina
225:Thingmen
219:See also
187:(plural
146:day and
128:hirdmenn
112:Håkon IV
1504:Varisci
1492:Silingi
1482:Vandals
1457:Tulingi
1447:Triboci
1442:Treveri
1422:Teutons
1412:Taifals
1387:Sitones
1327:Nemetes
1285:Helisii
1258:Lemovii
1176:Gutones
1109:Firaesi
1104:Favonae
1084:Cugerni
1074:Cobandi
1029:Chamavi
1024:Chaemae
1014:Casuari
1009:Caritni
979:Betasii
950:Paemani
885:Auiones
750:Warfare
728:Scripts
696:Numbers
520:History
197:Swedish
189:Hirdmen
185:Hirdman
173:Hirdman
167:Håkon V
132:knights
116:squires
83:History
73:hir(e)d
47:retinue
18:Hirdman
1524:Warini
1477:Vagoth
1462:Tungri
1427:Thelir
1407:Swedes
1402:Sunici
1367:Saxons
1362:Rugini
1295:Manimi
1280:Diduni
1218:Heruli
1156:Gepids
1141:Frisii
1119:Franks
1069:Cimbri
1059:Chauci
1054:Chatti
967:Nervii
962:Morini
920:Belgae
915:Batavi
890:Avarpi
855:Angles
815:Groups
765:Viking
711:Gothic
689:Gothic
595:Family
421:Norse
363:
148:Easter
140:gestir
130:) and
77:heirat
1397:Suebi
1382:Sciri
1357:Rugii
1347:Quadi
1332:Njars
1317:Marsi
1275:Lugii
1243:Jutes
1208:Harii
1203:Gutes
1161:Goths
1151:Geats
1089:Danes
1034:Chali
955:Segni
895:Baemi
738:Runes
723:Rings
716:Norse
684:Names
677:Norse
660:Norse
643:Norse
236:Notes
209:comes
205:thegn
1467:Ubii
1114:Fosi
999:Buri
412:and
361:ISBN
195:and
97:hlid
91:and
66:hirð
39:hird
37:The
1342:Osi
650:Law
580:Art
507:of
252:or
250:lið
101:lið
99:or
1597::
455:,
449::
437:,
431:,
425::
393::
325:,
211:.
107:.
627:)
488:e
481:t
474:v
461:.
443:.
418:.
369:.
292:.
181:.
134:(
126:(
118:(
34:.
20:)
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