27:
751:
357:
mode (only supported by drivers in the FORTH or the CP/M environments; no known programs using the
Sinclair-based BASIC mode used this feature). SME worked at astonishing speed - one machine code command made an output of an entire display line. SME was capable of rendering several dozens of windows
280:
in the former Soviet Union as a low-cost personal computer solution for basic educational and office needs, in addition to its obvious use as a home computer. Schools would use it on the classrooms, interconnecting several machines and forming a 56K
338:
Domestic models often did not include the TV output, the internal speaker or both. The AY8910 chip for the domestic models was sold separately as an external extension module, hanging off the same
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255:, Russia in the late 1980s. The original circuit layout was designed on a home-made computer (built in 1979 using ASMP of three
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fans wanting a more advanced computer compatible with the familiar architecture. It was mentioned on
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Another extension was the SME (Screen and Memory
Extension) board. This featured 32 KB of
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Soviet/Russian 8-bit home computer, based on the
Sinclair ZX Spectrum hardware architecture
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per second, and its capabilities were fully utilized only in the Forth environment.
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clones), also created by Dmitry
Mikhailov. The computer was manufactured by the
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modes, with the Forth or LOGO operating environment residing in an on-board
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clone called "Beta", system language switchable between
English and Russian
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Joystick ports, Centronics, RS-232, audio in/out, system bus extension
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August and
September 1992 issues, highlighting the available
406:, audio in/out (for cassette recorder), system bus extension
524:"ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Z80-ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡ Ρ "Π₯ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈΡ""
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349:, some of which could be dedicated to a video text
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79:
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53:
43:
33:
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409:74-key keyboard (33 keys freely programmable)
288:. It was possible to use another Hobbit or a
8:
19:
692:Sinclair computers, derivatives, and clones
1252:
1238:
1230:
683:
669:
661:
25:
18:
383:drives (up to 4 connectable) or internal
1584:History of computing in the Soviet Union
573:. No. 126. August 1992. p. 19.
319:September 1990 and January 1991 issues;
441:
1604:Computer-related introductions in 1990
1614:Soviet UnionβUnited Kingdom relations
342:as the optional external disk drive.
7:
499:
497:
471:Khachaturov, Vassilii (2007-04-05).
447:
445:
311:, targeted mainly at the existing
14:
452:Pomfret, Keith (September 1990).
307:was also briefly marketed in the
749:
145:Composite video out, EGA monitor
1261:List of Soviet computer systems
624:"Sinclair β Nachbauten/Modelle"
504:Pomfret, Keith (January 1991).
198:hardware architecture. Besides
586:"Feature: The Hobbit - Tested"
1:
609:HMC: The Home Computer Museum
555:. April 1992. pp. 31β33.
526:. 2007-08-24. Archived from
651:Sinclair Nostalgia Products
630:(in German). Archived from
622:Slabihoud, Stephan (2013).
423:Operating system: built in
59:; 34 years ago
1640:
747:
605:"Hobbit Personal Computer"
584:Specman (September 1992).
379:Disk drives: external 2 x
1579:
1267:
549:"Feature: Euro software!"
323:April 1992 issue, and on
24:
1619:Z80-based home computers
1624:Soviet computer systems
292:with a special Hobbit
567:"Feature: The Hobbit"
506:"Hardware Rage Hard!"
454:"Hardware Rage Hard!"
300:host on the network.
137:external 5.25" drives
977:ZX Spectrum based:
703:Science of Cambridge
603:Walgenbach, Stefan.
477:Vassilii Khachaturov
296:by InterCompex as a
294:network adapter card
1357:Electronika MS 1504
1352:Electronika MS 1502
1185:Magnum Light Phaser
1150:Rotronics Wafadrive
1137:Beta Disk Interface
701:Sinclair Research /
394:(2 x Sinclair, 1 x
21:
1609:ZX Spectrum clones
1347:Electronika SS BIS
1121:FDD3000 Disk Drive
1107:Neptun 156 Monitor
877:ZX Spectrum clones
843:Cambridge Computer
335:operating system.
242:Mikhail Osetinskii
240:(all R&D) and
1591:
1590:
1227:
1226:
1214:Richard Altwasser
1180:Stack Light Rifle
1175:RAM Music Machine
1130:Other peripherals
1098:Timex peripherals
1065:Sinclair Research
804:Timex Corporation
794:ZX Spectrum Vega+
647:"Sinclair Clones"
362:Technical details
290:IBM PC compatible
247:ΠΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
202:it also featured
165:
164:
133:Removable storage
1631:
1254:
1247:
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1231:
1031:ZX Spectrum Next
987:CZ Spectrum Plus
789:ZX Spectrum Vega
782:Licenced systems
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479:. Archived from
468:
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251:(management) in
236:ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²
231:Dmitry Mikhailov
229:was invented by
81:Operating system
67:
65:
60:
39:Π₯ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈΡ (russian)
36:
29:
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1511:Scorpion ZS-256
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1003:Scorpion ZS-256
895:
894:related systems
893:
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735:ZX Spectrum 128
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414:Composite video
373:at 3.5 MHz
364:
259:chips - Soviet
224:
194:, based on the
63:
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1342:Electronika 85
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1337:Electronika 60
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1332:Electronika BK
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1234:
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1209:Rick Dickinson
1206:
1205:John Pemberton
1203:
1201:Clive Sinclair
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1116:FDD Disk Drive
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1104:TS2040 Printer
1101:
1099:
1095:
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1084:ZX Interface 2
1081:
1079:ZX Interface 1
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872:ZX80/81 clones
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773:ZX Spectrum +3
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768:ZX Spectrum +2
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634:on 2013-12-13.
628:8Bit-Museum.de
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412:Video output:
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223:
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200:Sinclair BASIC
163:
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86:Sinclair BASIC
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1219:Steve Vickers
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1089:ZX Microdrive
1087:
1085:
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1024:
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1016:
1015:Komputer 2086
1012:
1008:
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926:
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918:
915:ZX81 based:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
897:
892:Compatible or
889:
883:
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852:
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592:. p. 23.
591:
590:Sinclair User
587:
580:
577:
572:
571:Sinclair User
568:
562:
559:
554:
550:
544:
541:
530:on 2007-08-24
529:
525:
519:
516:
512:. p. 73.
511:
510:Your Sinclair
507:
500:
498:
494:
483:on 2007-04-05
482:
478:
474:
467:
464:
460:. p. 37.
459:
458:Your Sinclair
455:
448:
446:
442:
435:
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:Connections:
389:
386:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
367:
361:
359:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
340:extension bus
336:
334:
331:language and
330:
326:
325:Sinclair User
322:
318:
317:Your Sinclair
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
279:
275:
271:
269:
266:
265:joint venture
262:
258:
254:
250:
248:
243:
239:
237:
232:
228:
221:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:home computer
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
173:
169:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
127:
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119:
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108:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
56:
52:
49:
48:Home computer
46:
42:
38:
35:Also known as
32:
28:
23:
1581:
1376:
1111:TS2050 Modem
1041:One Per Desk
998:
949:CZ 1500 Plus
945:CZ 1000 Plus
901:ZX80 based:
731:ZX Spectrum+
650:
640:
632:the original
627:
617:
608:
598:
589:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
532:. Retrieved
528:the original
518:
509:
485:. Retrieved
481:the original
476:
466:
457:
425:disassembler
365:
347:cache memory
344:
337:
312:
304:
302:
273:
272:
267:
246:
244:
241:
235:
233:
230:
226:
225:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
158:Connectivity
72:Discontinued
54:Release date
1067:peripherals
1055:Jupiter Ace
961:Ringo R-470
953:CZ Spectrum
925:Lambda 8300
727:ZX Spectrum
645:Arn, Lift.
313:ZX Spectrum
268:InterCompex
196:ZX Spectrum
1598:Categories
1582:See also:
1566:Vector-06C
1531:Specialist
1506:Radio-86RK
1074:ZX Printer
1035:QL based:
534:2022-12-30
487:2023-02-15
436:References
400:Centronics
261:Intel 8080
245:(Russian:
234:(Russian:
1467:Orion-128
1312:Dubna 48K
1292:ATM Turbo
1155:Multiface
1051:SAM CoupΓ©
995:Dubna 48K
917:Apply 300
882:QL clones
861:Lists of
824:(TC 2068)
253:Leningrad
111:Zilog Z80
109:clone of
1472:Pentagon
1437:Microsha
1432:Micro-80
1170:SpecDrum
1160:Kempston
1142:DISCiPLE
1037:CST Thor
1011:Kay 1024
1007:Sprinter
991:Didaktik
983:Pentagon
957:NE-Z8000
903:MicroAce
822:T/S 2068
817:T/S 1500
812:T/S 1000
473:"Hobbit"
416:TV out,
396:Kempston
392:joystick
366:Source:
278:marketed
222:Overview
172:Russian:
1496:PS-3000
1492:PS-2000
1487:Promina
1482:Pravetz
1382:Hrazdan
1372:GVS-100
1367:ES PEVM
1282:Aragats
1049:Other:
1045:Q40/Q60
941:CZ 1500
937:CZ 1000
933:CZ 2000
921:AS-1000
833:TC 3256
828:TC 2048
760:Amstrad
420:monitor
376:64K RAM
286:network
185:Russian
179:) is a
142:Display
62: (
1536:Strela
1521:SM EVM
1412:Korvet
1392:Irisha
1377:Hobbit
1362:ES EVM
1317:Elbrus
1194:People
1165:Currah
999:Hobbit
929:CP-200
911:NE-Z80
863:clones
404:RS-232
351:buffer
305:Hobbit
298:master
274:Hobbit
227:Hobbit
218:chip.
181:Soviet
176:Π₯ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈΡ
168:Hobbit
153:Beeper
121:Memory
113:@ 3.5
20:Hobbit
1571:Vesna
1561:UT-88
1546:CUM-1
1516:Setun
1501:Radon
1477:Poisk
1462:Nairi
1457:MIR-3
1452:MIR-2
1442:Minsk
1407:KVM-1
1387:Iskra
1307:Dnepr
1302:Besta
1287:Argon
1027:Robik
1019:TK90X
965:TK82C
553:Crash
387:drive
381:5.25"
329:Forth
321:Crash
257:KR580
208:Forth
150:Sound
98:Forth
1556:Ural
1526:Sneg
1427:MESM
1402:Kiev
1397:Juku
1322:UKNC
1297:BESM
1277:Agat
1146:MB02
1023:TK95
973:TK85
969:TK83
907:TK80
722:ZX81
717:ZX80
712:MK14
429:CP/M
385:3.5"
371:Z80A
333:CP/M
309:U.K.
303:The
283:baud
276:was
212:LOGO
204:CP/M
94:CP/M
90:Logo
75:1993
64:1990
57:1990
44:Type
1541:SVS
1447:MIR
1417:M-1
1327:DVK
979:ATM
851:Z88
418:EGA
398:),
355:CGA
353:in
216:ROM
210:or
189:bit
124:64
115:MHz
105:CPU
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1551:UM
1494:,
1053:,
1043:,
1039:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
1009:,
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997:,
993:,
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967:,
963:,
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496:^
475:.
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444:^
427:,
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270:.
206:,
187:8-
126:KB
96:,
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1272:A
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653:.
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490:.
249:)
238:)
183:/
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