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353:(winged reproductives) emerge from their underground nests during summer evenings. When sufficiently distant from the parent nest, they land, shrug off their wings, and scout about for a mate. The pair then excavates a burrow to start a new colony. A week after swarming, the female lays her first eggs, which are tended by the couple, a task soon taken over by the maturing workers. After some four months, the nest is sufficiently developed to send foraging workers to the surface. For the next few years, most of the eggs develop into workers and a small number of
59:
340:
is known to exhibit a seasonal cycle in its activities, which involves intensive diurnal winter surface foraging followed by a shift to sporadic nocturnal foraging at the beginning of the rainy season. With the advent of spring a shift from a diurnal to a nocturnal foraging pattern is evident.
245:
regions of southern Africa. As with harvester termites in general, they have serrated inner edges to their mandibles, and all castes have functional compound eyes. They forage for grass at night and during the day, and their pigmented workers are often observed outside the nest.
258:
may contain several spherical hives which may be 60 cm in diameter. They are interconnected by galleries and are located from near the surface to more than 6 m deep. Loose particles of excavated soil are brought to the surface and dumped at various points around the nest.
421:
and contribute to soil erosion, but are less effective when grasslands are not overgrazed or disturbed. Over the long term, however, their decomposing and recycling of plant material contribute to soil fertility and the global cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements.
194:
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in east and southern Africa. For this unusual diet, these foxes have 48 small teeth compared to the 42 teeth of all other dogs. They also have large ears to hear the insects in their underground chambers, before they are dug up. Though the
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consists of two types, named "small" and "large", and the larger workers are characterized by very large flattened heads. Soldiers of the genus stay near the nest, and are not known to accompany workers on their expeditions.
275:, the grass component was found to constitute upwards of 94% of their food intake. In this species, the sixth instar larvae digest and distribute food within the colony by means of
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380:, they may assume a partially diurnal habit in winter to obtain harvester termites. The worker castes present the dominant, and seasonally the exclusive food item of some
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consists primarily of ripe and/or frost- or drought-killed grass, though tree and shrub material is consumed to a lesser degree. In a stable isotope study of
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279:. The mutual feeding also reinforces the colony's integrity, as the feeders discriminate against individuals with unfamiliar intestinal microbiota.
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569:"Estimation of food composition of Hodotermes mossambicus (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae) based on observations and stable carbon isotope ratios"
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Coaton, W. G. H.; Sheasby, J. L. 1975. National survey of the
Isoptera of Southern Africa. 10. The genus
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Nel, J. J. C. 1968. Distribution of the foraging holes and soil temperatures of the harvester termite
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148:
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workers cutting dry grass at dusk, and a soldier defending workers at the unobtrusive nest entrance,
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females especially, seem to gorge on nocturnal foraging congregations in spring to supplement their
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666:"Utilization of the termite (Hagen) by gekkonid lizards near Keetmanshoop, South West Africa"
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241:. They range from Palaearctic North Africa, through the East African savannas to the
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782:. KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs. Archived from
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Harvester termites in general form the main component in the diet of the diurnal
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Watson, J. A. L. 1973. The worker caste of the hodotermitid harvester termites.
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Some three to five days after the first major rains, swarms of flying termites,
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Coaton, W. G. H. 1958. The hodotermitid harvester termites of South Africa.
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They nest by excavating in the soil, and the diffuse subterranean system of
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357:. When the nest is sufficiently large, winged reproductives again develop.
473:. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 35–36.
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608:"Nestmate discrimination in the harvester termite Hodotermes mossambicus"
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Nel, J. J. C.; Hewitt, P. H. 1978. Swarming in the harvester termite
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Sands, W. A. 1965. Mound population movements and fluctuations in
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Bauer, A. M.; Russell, A. P.; Edgar, B. D. (2 October 2015).
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Symes, Craig T.; Woodborne, Stephan (1 April 2011).
895:
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471:Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology
700:Sjöst. (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae).
846:. IUCN, Hyaena Specialist Group. Archived from
813:. New York: Cornell University Press. p.
764:(Hagen). J. Entom. Soc. South Afr. 41: 195-198
541:. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. p. 176.
8:
883:
192:
31:
20:
681:
507:Scholtz, Clarke H.; et al. (1985).
659:
657:
655:
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539:Field Guide to Insects of South Africa
469:Abe, Takuya; et al. (2000–2002).
873:Wolf spider's termite hunt goes wrong
634:Imprimerie Industrielle et Financiere
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374:is a specialized predator of certain
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511:. Durban: Butterworths. p. 57.
751:, S. Afr., Entomol. Ser. 375: 1-112
1045:Taxa named by Hermann August Hagen
844:The extant (living) hyaena species
776:"Insect Pests: Harvester Termites"
537:Picker, Mike; et al. (2004).
233:, woodworm) is a genus of African
14:
670:South African Journal of Zoology
593:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01344.x
317:
300:
57:
838:Holekamp, Kay E.; et al.
683:10.1080/02541858.1989.11448159
1:
840:"Aardwolf: Diet and Foraging"
632:Hegh, E. 1922. Les Termites.
331:The foraging worker caste of
283:Castes and activity patterns
606:Minkley, Nina; et al.
1061:
780:Veld in KwaZulu-Natal 11.1
698:Trinervitermes ebenerianus
509:Insects of Southern Africa
417:They can deplete grass in
224:ὁδός (hodós), travelling;
205: core range of
738:, Ser. A. Vol. 3: 105-138
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191:
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54:Scientific classification
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734:Hagen (Hodotermitidae).
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610:. IUSSI. Archived from
762:Hodotermes mossambicus
749:Dept. Agri. Sci. Bull.
719:S. Afr. J. Agric. Sci.
715:Hodotermes mossambicus
277:stomodeal trophallaxis
1012:Paleobiology Database
805:Ewer, R. F. (1973).
774:Bell, R. A. (1999).
585:2011InsSc..18..175S
269:H. mossambicus
786:on 10 January 2011
235:harvester termites
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889:Taxon identifiers
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548:978-1-77007-061-5
480:978-0-7923-6361-3
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16:Genus of termites
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676:(4): 239–243.
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444:Hagen, 1853"
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117:Infraorder:
47:South Africa
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973:iNaturalist
877:Earth Touch
721:11: 173-182
636:, Bruxelles
450:. biolib.cz
1034:Categories
897:Hodotermes
854:18 October
790:21 October
736:Cimbebasia
732:Hodotermes
618:18 October
454:5 February
442:Hodotermes
426:References
217:Hodotermes
142:Hodotermes
91:Arthropoda
25:Hodotermes
912:Q16575587
717:(Hagen).
704:12: 49-58
401:species.
361:Predators
111:Blattodea
77:Kingdom:
71:Eukaryota
906:Wikidata
649:20: 1-20
448:Isoptera
419:pastures
403:Ptenopus
395:Ptenopus
372:aardwolf
355:soldiers
345:Breeding
172:Sjöstedt
158:Species
127:Family:
121:Isoptera
87:Phylum:
81:Animalia
67:Domain:
991:1060746
965:4802726
581:Bibcode
324:Soldier
243:karroid
237:in the
137:Genus:
107:Order:
101:Insecta
97:Class:
1017:176892
1004:187540
978:558313
952:1HODOG
926:180019
821:
545:
515:
477:
351:alates
230:termes
220:(from
151:, 1853
986:IRMNG
939:8NSLH
399:gecko
250:Nests
226:Latin
222:Greek
174:, 192
149:Hagen
999:NCBI
960:GBIF
947:EPPO
921:BOLD
856:2012
819:ISBN
792:2012
620:2012
543:ISBN
513:ISBN
475:ISBN
456:2013
392:and
263:Diet
934:CoL
815:161
678:doi
589:doi
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