943:
had already had to retreat under Red Army pressure and was on the defensive. Hoepner was ordered to pause his attack, with the goal of resuming it on 6 December. In a letter home, Hoepner blamed Kluge for the inability to seize Moscow, "I alone came to within thirty kilometres to Moscow ... It's very bitter ... in the deciding moment to be left in the lurch and forced to resignation". Such "blinkered thinking" on
Hoepner's part was common among the German commanders in charge of the operation, which in Stahel's opinion "even before it began, made little practical sense". On 5 December 1941, with orders to attack the next day, Hoepner called a conference of chiefs-of-staff of his five corps. The reports were grim: only four divisions were deemed capable of attack, three of these with limited objectives. The attack was called off; the Red Army launched its winter counter-offensive on the same day.
939:, 125 km (78 mi) south of Moscow, achieved only fleeting and precarious success, while Guderian vacillated between despair and optimism, depending on the situation at the front. Facing pressure from the German High Command, Kluge finally committed his weaker south flank to the attack on 1 December. In the aftermath of the battle, Hoepner and Guderian blamed slow commitment of the south flank of the 4th Army to the attack for the German failure to reach Moscow. Stahel wrote that this assessment grossly overestimated the capabilities of Kluge's remaining forces. It also failed to appreciate the reality that Moscow was a metropolis that German forces lacked the numbers to encircle. With the outer defensive belt completed by 25 November, Moscow was a fortified position which the Wehrmacht lacked the strength to take in a frontal assault.
846:
777:
1029:
956:
773:, Hoepner demanded "ruthless and complete destruction of the enemy." On 6 July 1941, Hoepner issued an order to his troops instructing them to treat the "loyal population" fairly, adding that "individual acts of sabotage should simply be charged to communists and Jews". As with all German armies on the Eastern Front, Hoepner's Panzer Group implemented the Commissar Order that directed Wehrmacht troops to execute Red Army political officers immediately upon capture, contravening the accepted laws of war. Between 2 July and 8 July, the 4th Panzer Group shot 101 Red Army political commissars, with the bulk of the executions coming from the XLI Panzer Corps. By 19 July, 172 executions of commissars had been reported.
44:
952:
risk the matter any longer, Hoepner ordered his troops to withdraw on 8 January 1942. Afraid of what Hitler might think, Kluge immediately reported
Hoepner, causing Hitler's fury. Hoepner was dismissed from the Wehrmacht on the same day. Hitler directed that Hoepner be deprived of his pension and denied the right to wear his uniform and medals, contravening the law and Wehrmacht regulations. Hoepner filed a lawsuit against the Reich to reclaim his pension. Judges at the time could not be dismissed, even by Hitler, and Hoepner won his case.
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883:. Kluge instructed Hoepner to pause the advance, much to the latter's displeasure, as his units were needed to prevent break-outs of Soviet forces. Hoepner was confident that the clearing of the pocket and the advance on Moscow could be undertaken at the same time and viewed Kluge's actions as interference, leading to friction and "clashes" with his superior, as he wrote in a letter home on 6 October. Hoepner did not seem to appreciate that his units were very short on fuel; the
2712:
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657:) against the Soviet Union. He stated that "wanted to see the impending war against the Soviet Union conducted not according to the military principles, but as a war of extermination" against an ideological enemy, whether military or civilian. Many Wehrmacht leaders, including Hoepner, echoed the sentiment. As a commander of the 4th Panzer Group, he issued a directive to his troops:
2954:
821:, while the Panzer Group would advance from its current position. Hoepner's forces began their advance on August 8, but the attack ran into determined Soviet defences. Elsewhere, Soviet counter-attacks threatened Leeb's southern flank. By mid to late August, the German forces were making gains again, with the 4th Panzer Group taking Narva on 17 August.
817:, where they could begin an advance on Leningrad in terrain conditions relatively suitable for armoured warfare. By that time, however, the army group lacked the strength to take Leningrad, which continued to be a high priority for the German high command. A compromise solution was worked out whereas the infantry would attack north from both sides of
2926:
662:
the destruction of present-day Russia and it must therefore be conducted with unprecedented severity. Every military action must be guided in planning and execution by an iron will to exterminate the enemy mercilessly and totally. In particular, no adherents of the present
Russian-Bolshevik system are to be spared.
942:
As late as 2 December, Hoepner urged his troops forward stating that "the goal can still be achieved". The next day, he warned Kluge that failure to break off the attack would "bleed white" his formations and make them incapable of defence. Kluge was sympathetic since the south flank of the 4th Army
661:
The war against Russia is an important chapter in the struggle for existence of the German nation. It is the old battle of
Germanic against Slav peoples, of the defence of European culture against Muscovite-Asiatic inundation, and the repulse of Jewish-Bolshevism. The objective of this battle must be
951:
In
January 1942, Hoepner requested permission from Kluge, the new commander of Army Group Centre, to withdraw his over-extended forces. Kluge advised him that he would discuss the matter with Hitler and ordered Hoepner to get ready. Assuming that Hitler's permission was on the way and not wanting to
605:
against his forces. He and the
Totenkopf unit suffered no consequences and the matter was officially forgotten. However, Hoepner continued to hold a personal and professional dislike of Eicke, calling him a "butcher" for his disregard of casualties. He also maintained his existing low opinion of the
915:
of the 4th Army, as part of the continuation of
Operation Typhoon by Army Group Centre. The Panzer Group and the army corps represented Kluge's best forces, most ready for a continued offensive. In two weeks' fighting, Hoepner's forces advanced 60 km (37 mi) (4 km (2.5 mi) per
694:
wrote that
Hoepner's directive represented an "independent transformation of Hitler's ideological intentions into an order" and illustrated a "degree of conformity or affinity" between Hitler and military leadership, which provided a sufficient basis for collaboration in the aims of conquest and
1056:
In 1956, a school in Berlin was named after
Hoepner because he had joined the 20 July plot and was executed by the Nazi regime. The school voted to drop the name in 2008. In 2009, the school director attested to the fact that "the name had been controversial from the start and was repeatedly
904:, commander of Army Group Center, was impatient to resume the offensive. In a letter home, Hoepner stated that just two weeks of the frozen ground would allow his troops to surround Moscow, not taking into account the stiffening Soviet resistance and the condition of his units.
900:(roadlessness) caused frequent damage to tracked vehicles and motor transport further hampering the advance. By early November, Hoepner's forces were depleted from earlier fighting and the weather but he, along with other Panzer Group commanders and
833:, the German assault on Moscow. Leeb objected and was given a reprieve in the transfer of his mobile forces, with the view of making one last push towards Leningrad. The 4th Panzer Group was to be the main attacking force, which reached south of the
916:
day). Lacking strength and mobility to conduct battles of encirclement, the Group undertook frontal assaults which proved increasingly costly. A lack of tanks, insufficient motor transport and a precarious supply situation, along with tenacious
525:, should Hitler move to invade Czechoslovakia. Hoepner's role in the plan was to lead the 1st Light Division toward Berlin and seize key objectives against the SS forces in the city. The conspiracy collapsed with the appeasement by
1736:
824:
On 29 August, Leeb issued orders for the blockade of
Leningrad in anticipation that the city would soon be abandoned by the Soviets. On September 5, Hitler ordered Hoepner's 4th Panzer Group and an air corps transferred to
990:
berated Hoepner, but, in an extremely unusual move given his very aggressive personality, he objected to him being made to dress in such a way. Hoepner was hanged by wire mounted from meat hooks on 8 August, at
386:
in 1941. During the invasion of Poland, he resisted mistreatment and murder of prisoners of war, but in Russia, Hoepner called for a war of extermination. Units under his authority closely cooperated with the
3034:
810:. Stahlecker described army co-operation as "generally very good" and "in certain cases, as for example, with Panzer Group 4 under the command of General Hoepner, extremely close, one might say even warm."
1800:
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3039:
586:, rumours began to spread of SS troops mistreating prisoners and on 24 May Hoepner issued a special order to his units that any soldiers caught mistreating prisoners would face immediate
2989:
2456:
1728:
798:, one of the mobile killing squads following the Wehrmacht into the occupied Soviet Union, were brought up to the Luga district with assistance from the army. "The movement of
1028:
837:, where it was faced with strong Soviet counter-attacks. By 24 September, Army Group North halted its advance and transferred the 4th Panzer Group to Army Group Centre.
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be dismissed if evidence could be found that British prisoners had been mistreated or killed by SS forces. Eicke made an excuse to Himmler that the British had used
644:. On 30 March 1941, Hitler delivered a speech to about two hundred senior Wehrmacht officers where he laid out his plans for an ideological war of annihilation (
574:
where he covered the 230 km (140 mi) to Warsaw in only a week as part of the 10th Army. Hoepner and his corps were transferred to the 6th Army for the
3049:
3014:
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2999:
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Dismissed from the Wehrmacht after the failure of the 1941 campaign, Hoepner restored his pension rights through a lawsuit. He was implicated in the failed
2449:
750:. Again having penetrated deep into the Soviet lines with unprotected flanks, Manstein's corps was the target of a Soviet counteroffensive from 15 July at
444:
3024:
3019:
955:
758:. Manstein's forces were badly mauled and the Red Army halted the German advance at Luga. Ultimately, the army group defeated the defending Soviet
2994:
460:
1874:
The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939â1945 â The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
1870:
Die TrĂ€ger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939â1945 â Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
731:
to Leningrad. Barbarossa commenced on 22 June 1941 with a massive German attack along the whole front line. The 4th Panzer Group headed for the
2442:
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2012:
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986:, Hoepner was humiliated during the trial by being made to wear ill-fitting clothes, and not being allowed to have his false teeth. Judge
2360:
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597:. When word of the massacre reached Hoepner he ordered an investigation into the allegations, demanding that the SS division commander,
550:
337:
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was assigned to XVI Corps, starting what was to be a long period of friction and mutual dislike between Hoepner and the SS. During the
3004:
1004:(collective punishment) Hoepner's wife, daughter, son (a major in the army), brother and sister were arrested. The women were sent to
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286:
1005:
269:
1934:
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in July 1940. The German High Command had commenced planning for Operation Barbarossa, and Hoepner was appointed to command the
488:
259:
220:
1688:
802:âwhich the army intended to use in Leningradâwas effected in agreement with Panzer Group 4 and at their express wish", noted
762:, inflicting over 90,000 casualties and destroying more than 1,000 tanks and 1,000 aircraft, then advanced northeast of the
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43:
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375:
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1980:
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Once the Vyazma pocket was eliminated, other units were able to advance on 14 October. Heavy rains and onset of the
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546:
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225:
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for four weeks' additional punishment. Hoepner's son was first held at a specially created camp at KĂŒstrin (now
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wrote that Hoepner displayed "steadfast determination, and often excessive confidence" during that period.
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2501:
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976:. He refused an opportunity to commit suicide and demanded a trial. A summary trial was conducted by the
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Three days later troops from the SS Division Totenkopf killed almost a hundred British prisoners in the
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further north saw slightly better progress, averaging 6 km (3.7 mi) a day. The attack by the
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After Reinhardt's corps closed in, the two corps were ordered to encircle the Soviet formations around
678:(Wehrmacht High Command) directives that laid the groundwork for the war of extermination, such as the
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459:, serving as a company commander and staff officer for several corps and armies. He fought with the
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1802:
Crimes of State Past and Present: Government-Sponsored Atrocities and International Legal Responses
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739:. The Red Army mounted a number of counterattacks against the XLI Panzer Corps, leading to the
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2311:
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2250:
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2157:
Panzer Legions: A Guide to the German Army Tank Divisions of World War II and Their Commanders
2141:
2119:
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2033:
2008:
1986:
1962:
1940:
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1008:. His sister was soon released but Frau Hoepner and her daughter were placed in the notorious
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and Hoepner was verbally attacked and sentenced to death. Like other defendants, including
651:
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2621:
2546:
2482:
2470:
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987:
703:
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152:
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443:
as a cavalry lieutenant in 1906, joining the Schleswig-Holstein Dragoons Regiment No. 13
1040:
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2611:
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1796:
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bridgehead and had plans to advance on Leningrad. The staff and detachments 2 and 3 of
674:
The order was transmitted to the troops on Hoepner's initiative, ahead of the official
538:
389:
1847:
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2898:
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against Hitler in 1944 and after the coup failed he was arrested and tortured by the
813:
By late July, Army Group North positioned 4th Panzer Group's units south and east of
732:
728:
625:
598:
587:
440:
206:
138:
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resistance and the air superiority achieved by Soviet fighters hampered the attack.
624:
After the conclusion of the fighting in France, Hoepner was promoted to the rank of
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2223:
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1976:
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578:, where he spearheaded attacks on LiĂšge and then Dunkirk and Dijon. On 22 May, the
510:
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349:
248:
166:
99:
439:, the son of Prussian medical officer Kurt Hoepner. He was commissioned into the
2631:
2616:
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2182:] (in German). Vol. 2. Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall.
2047:
2029:
1921:
1333:"Dubious Role Models: Study Reveals Many German Schools Still Named After Nazis"
911:
On 17 November the 4th Panzer Group attacked again towards Moscow alongside the
763:
493:
243:
1959:
An Honourable Defeat, The Fight Against National Socialism in Germany 1933â1945
491:), an early armoured unit that was part of the nucleus of the expanding German
2833:
2789:
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2332:
2000:
1954:
1917:
1000:
896:
834:
818:
789:
736:
476:
2005:
If This Is A Woman. Inside RavensbrĂŒck: Hitler's Concentration Camp for Women
1778:
2890:
2731:
633:
607:
506:
2345:
discussing operations of the 4th Panzer Group; via the official channel of
1916:(1998). "Operation Barbarossa as a War of Conquest and Annihilation". In
917:
398:
682:
of 13 May 1941 and other orders. Hoepner's directive predates the first
2273:
973:
936:
487:
in 1936 and in 1938 was given command of the 1st Light Division (later
17:
751:
409:
359:
commander at the beginning of the war, leading his troops during the
352:. An early proponent of mechanisation and armoured warfare, he was a
95:
1690:
Ravensbruck: Life and Death in Hitler's Concentration Camp for Women
2116:
War of Annihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941
1039:
1027:
954:
844:
775:
702:
356:
2286:
World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
891:
was advancing towards Moscow amid deteriorating road conditions.
404:
immediately upon capture. Hoepner's Panzer group, along with the
2266:
Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933â1945
348:(14 September 1886 â 8 August 1944) was a German general during
2438:
695:
annihilation against a perceived threat from the Soviet Union.
2093:
Family Punishment in Nazi Germany: Sippenhaft, Terror and Myth
683:
675:
505:
in early 1938, the result of which was the subjugation of the
2936:
1254:
1252:
2176:
Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941â1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
1825:
Surrender Invites Death: Fighting the Waffen SS in Normandy
522:
521:. The group planned to kill Hitler and overthrow the Nazi
2228:
Operation Typhoon: Hitler's March on Moscow, October 1941
1105:
1103:
455:. When the First World War began he was assigned to the
1896:
Plotting Hitler's Death: The Story of German Resistance
1360:
1358:
1090:
1088:
1086:
879:. In early October, the 4th Panzer Group completed the
2247:
Field Marshal von Manstein: The Janushead â A Portrait
1982:
Operation Barbarossa: Hitler's invasion of Russia 1941
1939:. Vol. IV. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press.
1876:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.
3035:
People from Brandenburg executed at Plötzensee Prison
2914:
397:
that directed Wehrmacht troops to summarily execute
2882:
2803:
2719:
2481:
707:
Progress of Army Group North, June to December 1941
333:
239:
213:
196:
188:
176:
123:
105:
81:
50:
34:
3055:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
1846:
416:, the failed attempt to seize the Soviet capital.
2180:The German Cross 1941â1945 History and Recipients
553:in March 1939 and was promoted the next month to
1827:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books.
501:served on Hoepner's divisional staff. After the
3040:People executed by hanging at Plötzensee Prison
2990:Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
871:, the 4th Panzer Group was subordinated to the
659:
545:, Hoepner replaced him as the commander of the
2072:Erich Von Manstein: Hitler's Master Strategist
2450:
2308:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History
2268:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
788:By mid-July, the 4th Panzer Group seized the
727:). The Army Group was to advance through the
451:and was assigned to the General Staff of the
8:
570:Hoepner commanded the XVI Army Corps in the
2174:Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001).
887:, reported having no fuel at all. Only the
829:effective 15 September, in preparation for
2457:
2443:
2435:
2374:
2354:at the German Historical Museum of Berlin
1898:. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan.
1749:
42:
31:
2230:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2007:. London, United Kingdom: Little, Brown.
1773:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1436:
1424:
1229:
467:of 1918, ending the war in the cavalry.
2949:
2921:
2310:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
1714:
1676:
1640:
1258:
1205:
1181:
1157:
1121:
1109:
1082:
735:to secure the bridges near the town of
566:Invasion of Poland and Battle of France
483:period. He was promoted to the rank of
2159:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
1920:; Förster, JĂŒrgen; Hoffmann, Joachim;
1739:from the original on 23 December 2017.
1664:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1412:
1376:
1343:from the original on 20 September 2011
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1169:
1145:
1094:
711:The 4th Panzer Group consisted of the
2396:24 February 1938 to 17 February 1941
2140:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1729:"Nazi era lives on in German schools"
1727:Crossland, David (16 February 2009).
1628:
1616:
1400:
1388:
1364:
1217:
1193:
7:
3050:Protestants in the German Resistance
3015:German Army personnel of World War I
3010:German Army generals of World War II
3000:Executed members of the 20 July plot
1702:
1652:
1133:
3030:Military personnel from Brandenburg
2138:Manstein: Hitler's Greatest General
2096:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2054:. London, United Kingdom: Penguin.
1244:www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de
2420:17 February 1941 â 8 January 1942
1868:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) .
1331:Friedmann, Jan (4 February 2009).
849:Hoepner (right) with commander of
25:
1849:The Third Reich at War: 1939â1945
1073:and commander of XVI. Armee-Korps
968:Hoepner was a participant in the
686:(Army High Command) draft of the
3025:Major generals of the Reichswehr
3020:Holocaust perpetrators in Russia
2952:
2924:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
1935:Germany and the Second World War
1067:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
1044:Memorial plaque for Hoepner and
541:'s assumption of command of the
338:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
200:
159:
145:
131:
2288:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
2995:Executed German mass murderers
2075:. Philadelphia, PA: Casemate.
1006:RavensbrĂŒck concentration camp
270:Battle of PiotrkĂłw Trybunalski
1:
1018:Buchenwald concentration camp
517:unfolded, Hoepner joined the
408:, spearheaded the advance on
275:Battle of TomaszĂłw Mazowiecki
3045:People from Frankfurt (Oder)
2118:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1937:: Attack on the Soviet Union
614:War against the Soviet Union
551:occupation of Czechoslovakia
2567:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord
2341:, lecture by the historian
2155:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2006).
998:Under the Nazi practice of
431:Early years and World War I
3071:
2206:Cambridge University Press
947:Dismissal and 20 July plot
860:
769:During his command on the
617:
549:. He led the corps in the
447:. In 1911 he attended the
346:Erich Kurt Richard Hoepner
287:German invasion of Belgium
3005:Executed military leaders
2839:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
2693:
2662:Eugen Ritter von Schobert
2422:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2025:Leningrad: State of Siege
632:that was to drive toward
119:
115:
41:
2677:Heinrich von Vietinghoff
2532:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
2264:Sydnor, Charles (1977).
2249:. Helion & Company.
2090:Loeffel, Robert (2012).
1779:10.1017/CBO9780511806162
1771:Ethics and Extermination
1571:, pp. 235â237, 250.
1032:Erich-Hoepner-StraĂe in
475:Hoepner remained in the
2022:Jones, Michael (2008).
1547:, p. 186â189, 228.
804:Franz Walter Stahlecker
782:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
533:and the signing of the
503:BlombergâFritsch affair
465:German spring offensive
461:105th Infantry Division
393:and he implemented the
2627:Eberhard von Mackensen
2347:USS Silversides Museum
2245:Stein, Marcel (2007).
2069:Lemay, Benoit (2010).
1071:General of the Cavalry
1069:on 27 October 1939 as
1053:
1037:
965:
881:encirclement at Vyazma
858:
785:
708:
670:
555:General of the Cavalry
499:Claus von Stauffenberg
449:Prussian Staff College
427:and executed in 1944.
382:, the invasion of the
370:Hoepner commanded the
2941:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
2507:Hans-JĂŒrgen von Arnim
2202:The Battle for Moscow
2112:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
1985:. The History Press.
1853:. New York: Penguin.
1805:. London: Routledge.
1451:, pp. 74â75, 95.
1043:
1031:
958:
875:under the command of
848:
779:
706:
580:SS Division Totenkopf
265:Battle of Borowa GĂłra
260:Battle of CzÄstochowa
189:Years of service
2885:Oberst-GruppenfĂŒhrer
2637:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
1961:. London: Mandarin.
1643:, pp. 837, 899.
1046:Henning von Tresckow
889:20th Panzer Division
885:11th Panzer Division
725:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
699:Advance on Leningrad
620:Operation Barbarossa
435:Hoepner was born in
402:political commissars
380:Operation Barbarossa
319:Advance on Leningrad
309:Operation Barbarossa
110:Execution by hanging
2785:Hans-JĂŒrgen Stumpff
2517:Johannes Blaskowitz
2416:Fourth Panzer Group
2401:Fourth Panzer Group
2361:Umstrittener Patron
1930:UeberschÀr, Gerd R.
1926:MĂŒller, Rolf-Dieter
1717:, pp. 162â164.
1705:, pp. 396â397.
1607:, pp. 306â307.
1595:, pp. 304â305.
1583:, pp. 295â296.
1559:, pp. 229â230.
1535:, pp. 240â244.
1475:, pp. 173â174.
1439:, pp. 115â116.
1427:, pp. 104â106.
1309:, pp. 217â218.
1297:, pp. 209â210.
1273:, pp. 198â199.
1261:, pp. 519â521.
1208:, pp. 496â497.
1172:, pp. 108â109.
1148:, pp. 793â794.
1016:) and then sent to
984:Erwin von Witzleben
851:SS Polizei Division
806:, the commander of
741:Battle of Raseiniai
595:Le Paradis massacre
527:Neville Chamberlain
489:6th Panzer Division
280:Battle of the Bzura
106:Cause of death
2854:Alfred SaalwÀchter
2607:Hans-Valentin Hube
2597:Karl-Adolf Hollidt
2542:Werner von Fritsch
2527:Friedrich Dollmann
2282:Tucker, Spencer C.
1054:
1038:
966:
859:
786:
760:Northwestern Front
717:Erich von Manstein
709:
572:Invasion of Poland
515:Sudetenland Crisis
361:invasion of Poland
297:Battle of Gembloux
255:Invasion of Poland
221:1st Light Division
2912:
2911:
2849:Wilhelm Marschall
2577:Gotthard Heinrici
2537:Johannes FrieĂner
2433:
2432:
2423:Succeeded by
2399:Succeeded by
2378:Military offices
2334:Operation Typhoon
2317:978-1-59884-981-3
2304:Zabecki, David T.
2295:978-1-85109-969-6
2256:978-1-906033-02-6
2237:978-1-107-03512-6
2215:978-1-107-08760-6
2189:978-3-931533-45-8
2166:978-1-4617-5143-4
2147:978-0-297-84561-4
2125:978-0-7425-4482-6
2103:978-0-230-34305-4
2082:978-1-935149-55-2
2061:978-0-14-103588-8
2039:978-0-465-01153-7
2014:978-1-4087-0538-4
1992:978-0-7524-6070-3
1968:978-0-7493-1457-6
1946:978-0-19-822886-8
1905:978-0-8050-5648-8
1883:978-3-7909-0284-6
1860:978-0-14-311671-4
1843:Evans, Richard J.
1834:978-0-8117-4437-9
1812:978-1-317-98681-2
1767:Burleigh, Michael
1487:, pp. 78â80.
1184:, pp. 11â12.
1014:Kostrzyn nad OdrÄ
993:Plötzensee Prison
877:GĂŒnther von Kluge
869:Operation Typhoon
857:, in October 1941
831:Operation Typhoon
827:Army Group Centre
680:Barbarossa Decree
647:Vernichtungskrieg
584:Battle of Dunkirk
537:. Upon his rival
414:Operation Typhoon
343:
342:
92:Plötzensee Prison
61:14 September 1886
16:(Redirected from
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925:3rd Panzer Group
863:Battle of Moscow
841:Battle of Moscow
756:Soviet 11th Army
721:XLI Panzer Corps
713:LVI Panzer Corps
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642:Wilhelm von Leeb
638:Army Group North
630:4th Panzer Group
576:Battle of France
535:Munich Agreement
531:Ădouard Daladier
519:Oster conspiracy
437:Frankfurt (Oder)
406:3rd Panzer Group
372:4th Panzer Group
365:Battle of France
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292:Battle of Hannut
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2729:
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1912:
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1797:Crowe, David M.
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1637:
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1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
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1598:
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1577:
1574:
1570:
1565:
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1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:, p. 77.
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:, p. 95.
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:Megargee 2006
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:Megargee 2006
1421:
1418:
1415:, p. 37.
1414:
1409:
1406:
1403:, p. 35.
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1379:, p. 28.
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1342:
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1327:
1324:
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1296:
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1272:
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1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1232:, p. 76.
1231:
1230:Burleigh 1997
1226:
1223:
1220:, p. 90.
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1160:, p. 14.
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:, p. 68.
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:, p. 76.
1123:
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1111:
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1024:Commemoration
1023:
1021:
1019:
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1007:
1003:
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989:
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907:
903:
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886:
882:
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874:
870:
864:
856:
855:Walter KrĂŒger
852:
847:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
783:
780:Hoepner with
778:
774:
772:
771:Eastern Front
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Baltic States
726:
722:
718:
714:
705:
698:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
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653:
648:
643:
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635:
631:
627:
626:Generaloberst
621:
613:
611:
609:
604:
600:
599:Theodor Eicke
596:
591:
589:
588:court-martial
585:
581:
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565:
560:
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548:
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532:
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513:, and as the
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:Western Front
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:Prussian Army
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
391:
385:
381:
377:
376:Eastern Front
373:
368:
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207:Generaloberst
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154:
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139:German Empire
129:
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104:
101:
97:
93:
85:8 August 1944
84:
80:
77:
76:German Empire
73:
69:
65:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:Erich Hoepner
33:
30:
19:
2964:from Commons
2959:
2938:
2904:Paul Hausser
2883:
2874:Karl Witzell
2816:Kriegsmarine
2809:
2795:Hubert Weise
2780:Kurt Student
2740:Otto DeĂloch
2725:
2602:Hermann Hoth
2591:
2587:Carl Hilpert
2582:Walter Heitz
2562:Franz Halder
2522:Eduard Dietl
2502:Wilhelm Adam
2487:
2475:Nazi Germany
2413:
2389:
2364:
2343:David Stahel
2307:
2285:
2265:
2246:
2227:
2201:
2179:
2175:
2156:
2137:
2115:
2092:
2071:
2051:
2048:Kershaw, Ian
2024:
2004:
1981:
1958:
1933:
1922:Klink, Ernst
1895:
1873:
1869:
1848:
1824:
1801:
1770:
1745:
1732:
1722:
1715:Loeffel 2012
1710:
1698:
1689:
1684:
1677:Loeffel 2012
1672:
1660:
1648:
1641:Kershaw 2009
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1345:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1259:Förster 1998
1243:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1206:Förster 1998
1201:
1189:
1182:English 2011
1177:
1165:
1158:English 2011
1153:
1141:
1129:
1122:Mitcham 2006
1117:
1110:Zabecki 2014
1055:
1009:
999:
997:
977:
970:20 July plot
967:
960:
950:
941:
922:
913:V Army Corps
910:
906:David Stahel
895:
893:
866:
823:
812:
807:
799:
794:
787:
768:
745:
710:
673:
671:
660:
645:
623:
592:
569:
561:World War II
511:Adolf Hitler
509:to dictator
492:
485:Generalmajor
474:
434:
425:Adolf Hitler
421:20 July plot
418:
388:
384:Soviet Union
369:
350:World War II
345:
344:
249:World War II
247:
240:Battles/wars
205:
167:Nazi Germany
100:Nazi Germany
87:(1944-08-08)
29:
2985:1944 deaths
2980:1886 births
2682:Walter WeiĂ
2632:Erhard Raus
2617:Alfred Jodl
2572:Josef Harpe
2512:Ludwig Beck
2370:(in German)
2356:(in German)
2030:Basic Books
2001:Helm, Sarah
1955:Gill, Anton
1918:Boog, Horst
1665:Tucker 2016
1605:Stahel 2015
1593:Stahel 2015
1581:Stahel 2015
1569:Stahel 2015
1557:Stahel 2015
1545:Stahel 2015
1533:Stahel 2015
1521:Stahel 2015
1509:Stahel 2015
1497:Stahel 2015
1485:Stahel 2015
1473:Stahel 2013
1461:Stahel 2013
1449:Stahel 2013
1413:Stahel 2015
1377:Stahel 2015
1319:Glantz 2012
1307:Melvin 2010
1295:Melvin 2010
1283:Melvin 2010
1271:Melvin 2010
1170:Sydnor 1977
1146:Tucker 2016
1095:Tucker 2016
995:in Berlin.
867:As part of
764:Stalin line
733:Dvina River
650: [
636:as part of
494:Panzerwaffe
479:during the
244:World War I
169:(1933-1942)
155:(1918-1933)
141:(1905-1918)
68:Brandenburg
2974:Categories
2834:Rolf Carls
2790:Ernst Udet
2557:Curt Haase
2274:B001Y18PZ6
1759:References
1629:Lemay 2010
1617:Evans 2008
1401:Jones 2008
1389:Lemay 2010
1365:Stein 2007
1347:7 November
1337:Spiegel.de
1241:see also
1218:Crowe 2013
1194:Evans 2008
1057:debated".
1050:Bundeshaus
1034:DĂŒsseldorf
1010:Strafblock
1001:Sippenhaft
897:rasputitsa
835:Neva River
819:Lake Ilmen
737:Daugavpils
719:) and the
667:2 May 1941
477:Reichswehr
357:army corps
124:Allegiance
57:1886-09-14
2931:Biography
2891:Waffen-SS
2732:Luftwaffe
2352:Biography
1703:Helm 2015
1653:Gill 1994
1134:Fest 1997
1078:Citations
1052:, Berlin.
634:Leningrad
608:Waffen-SS
507:Wehrmacht
453:XVI Corps
354:Wehrmacht
2306:(2014).
2284:(2016).
2226:(2013).
2200:(2015).
2136:(2010).
2114:(2006).
2050:(2009).
2003:(2015).
1979:(2012).
1957:(1994).
1932:(eds.).
1894:(1997).
1845:(2008).
1823:(2011).
1799:(2013).
1769:(1997).
1737:Archived
1341:Archived
918:Red Army
873:4th Army
665:â
423:against
399:Red Army
363:and the
214:Commands
177:Service/
2889:of the
2814:of the
2730:of the
2492:of the
2465:German
2339:YouTube
1048:in the
974:Gestapo
937:Kashira
784:in 1941
754:by the
463:in the
378:during
374:on the
192:1905â42
72:Prussia
18:Hoepner
2917:Portal
2314:
2292:
2272:
2253:
2234:
2212:
2186:
2163:
2144:
2122:
2100:
2079:
2058:
2052:Hitler
2036:
2011:
1989:
1965:
1943:
1902:
1880:
1857:
1831:
1809:
1785:
1061:Awards
752:Soltsy
640:under
410:Moscow
334:Awards
179:branch
164:
150:
136:
96:Berlin
2961:Media
2178:[
1872:[
654:]
2494:Army
2469:and
2385:none
2312:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2270:ASIN
2251:ISBN
2232:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2009:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1349:2016
935:and
933:Tula
923:The
790:Luga
748:Luga
529:and
445:(de)
197:Rank
183:Army
82:Died
51:Born
2473:of
2337:on
1775:doi
931:on
684:OKH
676:OKW
412:in
2976::
2208:.
2032:.
2028:.
1928:;
1924:;
1781:.
1735:.
1731:.
1357:^
1339:.
1335:.
1251:^
1102:^
1085:^
1020:.
853:,
766:.
743:.
690:.
652:de
610:.
590:.
557:.
523:SS
497:.
367:.
98:,
94:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
2947::
2919::
2812:)
2808:(
2728:)
2724:(
2490:)
2486:(
2458:e
2451:t
2444:v
2320:.
2298:.
2276:.
2259:.
2240:.
2218:.
2192:.
2169:.
2150:.
2128:.
2106:.
2085:.
2064:.
2042:.
2017:.
1995:.
1971:.
1949:.
1908:.
1886:.
1863:.
1837:.
1815:.
1791:.
1777::
1351:.
1321:.
723:(
715:(
59:)
55:(
20:)
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