Knowledge (XXG)

Hollywood accounting

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989:, as had been anticipated. Fifteen actors sued New Line Cinema, claiming that they have never received their 5% of revenue from merchandise sold in relation to the movie, which contained their likenesses. Similarly, the Tolkien estate sued New Line, claiming that their contract entitled them to 7.5% of the gross receipts of the $ 6 billion hit. According to New Line's accounts, the trilogy made "horrendous losses" and no profit at all. 42: 1350:"By the way, you called net profit participation points yesterday 'monkey points.' What's the origin of that, do you know?" I asked Eddie as I started to pick up my papers. "Well, it's like 'stupid' points. Stupid to take the points." "Won't be any net profits?" "You sit there with your points going, 'Eeeh, eeh, eeh, eeh, eeh'." 1047:
film series is one of the highest-grossing film series of all time both domestically and internationally. The Hollywood accounting in the Harry Potter case included a $ 60 million interest charge on a $ 400 million budget over two years – an interest rate far higher than industry standard – as well
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All of the above means of calculating overhead are highly controversial, even within the accounting profession. Namely, these percentages are assigned without much regard to how, in reality, these estimates relate to actual overhead costs. In short, this method does not, by any rational standard,
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the accounting of two projects and shifts losses from a flop onto a profitable project by shifting costs involving internal operations. This way, two unprofitable projects are created out of one on paper alone, primarily for the purpose of eliminating net participation liabilities. The specific
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revenue) rather than net profit participation. This practice reduces the likelihood of a project showing a profit, as a production company will claim a portion of the reported box-office revenue was diverted directly to gross point participants. The studios rarely agree to gross participation,
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at a time when most studios were located in Hollywood. Those affected can include writers and actors, but also production companies, producers and investors. A number of cases of creative accounting have been successfully pursued in court and have resulted in hundreds of millions of dollars in
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was settled for $ 200 million, plus sharing of certain future revenues. The plaintiffs had alleged that AMC had deliberately set the imputed fees "paid" by the eponymous AMC Networks cable TV channel to AMC Studios – both subsidiaries of AMC Networks – far below fair market value, and thus
1064:(1999–2007) licensed franchise in the United States: "ABC artificially deflated fees the network should have paid the production company BVT and Disney-owned Valleycrest, which in turn decreased Celador's share of revenue. Loss of merchandising revenue was also claimed." 694:
schemes can range from the simple and obvious to the extremely complex. Generally, Hollywood accounting uses permanent creative accounting practices (such as charging an arbitrary distribution fee from one sub-entity to another) rather than temporary ones (like the
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have topped $ 2 billion, with Uslan claiming to have "not seen a penny more than that since our net profit participation has proved worthless". Warner Bros. offered the pair an out-of-court pay-off, a sum described by Uslan and Melniker's attorney as "two
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has a distribution arm as a sub-entity, which will then charge the studio a "distribution fee"—essentially, the studio charging itself a sum it has total control over and hence controlling the profitability report of a project.
809:, which grossed $ 288 million, failed to make a profit, especially since the actual production costs were less than a tenth of that. Paramount settled for $ 900,000, rather than have its accounting methods closely scrutinized. 1022:
grossed $ 119 million against a production budget of $ 160 million, resulting in a $ 105 million loss for Paramount Pictures. However, due to Hollywood accounting tactics, the loss was only reported as $ 78.3 million.
1208:"Judge Must Solve Buchwald-Murphy Whodunit: Lawsuits: Final arguments in multimillion-dollar complaint against Paramount are over. Both sides accuse the other of stealing idea for $ 300-million movie" 828:
on March 26, 1992. Uslan and Melniker claimed to be "the victims of a sinister campaign of fraud and coercion that has cheated them out of continuing involvement in the production of the 1989 film
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in 2007 due to Hollywood accounting practices because the studio has claimed the film, which cost less than $ 6 million to make and made over $ 350 million at the box office, lost $ 20 million.
1092:(2005–2017) and ordered to pay $ 179 million in missing profits, with the arbitration ruling made public in 2019. Fox subsequently contested the $ 128 million punitive damages component in 934:(2002) made more than $ 800 million in revenue, but the producers claim that it did not make any profit as defined in Lee's contract, and Lee received nothing. In 2002 he filed a 2260: 1235: 1966: 1752: 633:
used by the film, video, television and music industry to budget and record profits for creative projects. Expenditures can be inflated to reduce or eliminate the reported
1060: 1037: 2048: 1999: 1907: 2160: 2191: 1933: 1096:, whereas it declared it would pay the $ 51 million in actual damages awarded by the arbitrator. In September 2019, the lawsuit was settled on confidential terms. 1271: 1041:(2007) ended up with a $ 167 million loss on paper after grossing nearly $ 1 billion. This is especially egregious given that, without inflation adjustment, the 2020: 2076: 306: 2345: 951:
was considered hugely successful for an independent film, yet according to the studio, the film lost money. Accordingly, the cast (with the exception of
1647:"My Big Fat Greek Wedding: Most Profitable Independent Film in History, With Over $ 600 Million Worldwide Receipts, Supposedly Loses Over $ 20 Million" 1881: 764:
generally only when the person has considerable leverage, such as an A-list star, producer, or director whose participation is vital to the project.
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and its sequels. We were denied proper credits, and deprived of any financial rewards for our indispensable creative contribution to the success of
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after an audit. Jackson stated this is regarding "certain accounting practices". In response, New Line stated that their rights to a film of
296: 605: 456: 160: 57: 1804: 1477: 967: 311: 301: 67: 876:'s commercial success was converted into a net loss, and Groom received only $ 350,000 for the rights and an additional $ 250,000 from 803:(1990). The court found Paramount's actions "unconscionable", noting that it was impossible to believe that Eddie Murphy's 1988 comedy 363: 1377: 1443: 1093: 491: 368: 1701: 1245: 942:. The case was settled in January 2005, with Marvel paying $ 10 million to "finance past and future payments claimed by Mr. Lee". 739:
as opposed to a percentage of the gross income of a film) are sometimes referred to as "monkey points". The term is attributed to
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were time-limited, and since Jackson would not work with them again until the suit was settled, he would not be asked to direct
2132: 1187: 787:(1983) "has never gone into profit", despite having earned $ 475 million at the box office against a budget of $ 32.5 million. 713:
Production overhead: Studios, on average, calculate production overhead by using a figure around 15% of total production costs.
400: 1362: 1080:(1996–2001) off the books to reduce Johnson's 50% backend stake to zero; the jury awarded Johnson $ 23.2 million in damages. 906: 752: 705:
Three main factors in Hollywood accounting reduce the reported profit of a movie, and all have to do with the calculation of
353: 1325: 1943: 1148: 1007:, in February 2011, claiming that they had used creative accounting to deprive him of his share of profits for the film 2335: 657: 1505: 1086:
was found guilty of using Hollywood accounting practices to defraud the producers and stars of the procedural drama
897:, a 1997 film he wrote, has never broken even, despite grossing nearly $ 600 million against a $ 90 million budget. 1775: 1532: 955:
who had a separate deal) sued the studio for their part of the profits. The original producers of the film sued
2340: 1109: 947: 893: 642: 598: 405: 1908:"STUDIO SHAME! Even Harry Potter Pic Loses Money Because Of Warner Bros' Phony Baloney Net Profit Accounting" 2049:"'Bones' Profit Battle Ends As Fox & Disney Settle With Stars Emily Deschanel, David Boreanaz & EPs" 1139: 1051: 911: 690: 239: 115: 1675: 531: 466: 41: 2165: 2025: 2004: 1971: 1938: 1809: 1780: 1461: 1167: 930: 190: 2223: 1723: 1404: 1399: 1207: 1177: 1118: 1013:(2004). Eventually, Moore reached a settlement with the Weinsteins and the lawsuit was dropped in 2012. 799: 723:
Marketing overhead: To determine this number, studios usually choose about 10% of all advertising costs.
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as high distribution and advertising fees paid out to Warner Bros. subsidiaries and sister companies.
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Hollywood accounting gets its name from its prevalence in the entertainment industry—that is, in the
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I hired my own bookkeepers to keep a watch on everything. Hollywood bookkeeping can be very suspect.
2261:"Hollywood Accounting: How A $ 19 Million Movie Makes $ 150 Million ... And Still Isn't Profitable" 1431: 1162: 1153:
illegitimately curtailed the payments due to the plaintiffs under their profit-sharing agreements.
928:, had a contract awarding him 10% of the net profits of anything based on his characters. The film 706: 634: 626: 591: 556: 551: 526: 521: 461: 390: 348: 330: 283: 264: 195: 100: 25: 2196: 2137: 2109: 2081: 2053: 1832: 1482: 1123: 1018: 877: 830: 821: 794: 783: 673:
is formed to perform a given activity and the parent entity will extract money out of the film's
630: 395: 230: 185: 2307: 1859: 2240: 2218: 1837: 1621: 1439: 1435: 1423: 1240: 1212: 1172: 1088: 956: 817: 805: 760: 743:, who is said to have also stated that only a fool would accept net points in their contract. 576: 571: 150: 125: 2292: 1083: 1000: 717: 358: 244: 2192:"STUDIO SHAME! Harry Potter Pic Loses Money Because of Warner Bros' Net Profit Accounting" 1330: 1104: 1043: 1009: 976: 446: 410: 200: 180: 165: 110: 95: 52: 637:
of the project, thereby reducing the amount which the corporation must pay in taxes and
2105:"'Yesterday' Net Profit Statement Shows It's The Same Old Song On Hollywood Accounting" 2000:"Fox Rocked by $ 179M 'Bones' Ruling: Lying, Cheating and 'Reprehensible' Studio Fraud" 1584: 1182: 1135: 1116:
Despite grossing $ 153 million against a $ 26 million budget, the 2019 romantic comedy
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declared a $ 212 million loss, primarily through Hollywood accounting as explained on
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commented "Don't ever settle for net profits. It's called 'creative accounting'."
2133:"'Walking Dead' Lawsuit Settled For $ 200M Between Frank Darabont, CAA & AMC" 1651: 1067: 732: 699: 678: 382: 1428:
Hit & Run: How Jon Peters and Peter Guber Took Sony For A Ride In Hollywood
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included a 3% share of the profits; however, due to Hollywood accounting, the
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typically keep 30% of what they receive from movie theaters ("gross rentals").
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receipt was leaked online in 2010, showing that the hugely successful movie
852: 778: 638: 2281:"Hollywood Creative Accounting: The Success Rate of Major Motion Pictures" 2264: 2244: 1589: 1506:"1997 hit 'Men In Black' is still yet to make a profit says screenwriter" 921: 695: 1272:"How Hollywood Accounting Can Make a $ 450 Million Movie 'Unprofitable'" 1055: 935: 848: 674: 269: 249: 155: 2021:"Fox Settles 'Bones' Suit, Ending Profits Case That Stunned Hollywood" 1510: 731:
Because of the studio's ability to place arbitrary charges along the
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In July 2021, a lawsuit brought by developer and executive producer
1805:"Michael Moore, Harvey Weinstein Settle 'Fahrenheit 9/11' Lawsuit" 1559: 1300:"Murphy Movie Made Millions But Stayed in Red, Studio Ledgers Say" 759:
Many insist on "gross points" (a percentage of some definition of
438: 220: 85: 1724:"15 actors sue New Line Cinema over 'Lord of the Rings' profits" 1099:
Despite grossing $ 911 million against its $ 55 million budget,
653: 225: 1326:"Fatal Subtraction: The Inside Story of Buchwald v. Paramount" 915: 677:
in the form of charges for certain "services". For example, a
1478:"'Gump,' a Huge Hit, Still Isn't Raking In Huge Profits? Hmm" 669:
Hollywood accounting can take several forms. In one form, a
698:) since the measures are meant to permanently distort the 2075:
Fleming, Mike Jr.; Patten, Dominic (November 17, 2021).
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Richards, Olly (September 1992). "Trouble in Gotham".
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Copyright infringement#Criticism of industry estimates
2241:"Warner Music's Royalty Statements: Works of Fiction" 1560:"Gross Misunderstanding: Forget about the box office" 866:'s price for the screenplay rights to his 1986 novel 918:. The real figure is likely closer to $ 90 million. 910:(2000) grossed $ 240 million at the box office, but 1967:"'Nash Bridges' verdict! Now Don Johnson wins big!" 1058:over accounting tricks used to mask profits on the 735:, net participation "points" (a percentage of the 685:Another form of Hollywood accounting is a reverse 1882:"The Most Successful Movie Franchises In History" 1074:which had attempted to wipe profits for the show 1236:"After 61 films, Connery remains much in demand" 1965:Bond, Paul; Belloni, Matthew (July 15, 2010). 1702:"Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh Talk THE HOBBIT" 842:judge rejected the lawsuit. Total revenues of 1860:"'Hollywood Accounting' Losing In The Courts" 1400:"Buchwald, Partner Win $ 900,000 From Studio" 1122:reportedly lost $ 87.8 million, according to 599: 8: 728:attempt to adequately trace overhead costs. 1676:"Hanks sues over profit on 'Greek Wedding'" 307:International Financial Reporting Standards 1614:"Marvel Settles With a Spider-Man Creator" 606: 592: 20: 2296: 1934:"'Millionaire' verdict! Disney loses big" 1366:. Fox Network. Air date: February 9, 1987 1038:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 1054:lost a $ 270 million lawsuit in 2010 to 1417: 1415: 1324:Leibman, Jordan H. (November 1, 1993). 1198: 32: 2047:Patten, Dominic (September 11, 2019). 1803:Belloni, Matthew (February 15, 2012). 1270:Thompson, Derek (September 14, 2011). 1206:McDougal, Dennis (December 29, 1989). 2103:D'Alessandro, Anthony (May 5, 2020). 1753:"Tolkien Estate Sues New Line Cinema" 1585:"Lawsuit filed by Spider-Man creator" 1422:Griffin, Nancy; Masters, Kim (1997). 1298:McDougal, Dennis (February 4, 1990). 297:Generally-accepted auditing standards 16:Opaque or creative accounting methods 7: 2019:Gardner, Eriq (September 11, 2019). 1774:Scherer, Karyn (December 13, 2010). 1558:Epstein, Edward Jay (May 16, 2005). 975:, brought a lawsuit in 2007 against 2279:Sparviero, Sergio (June 11, 2015). 2159:Gardner, Eriq (December 10, 2018). 1998:Gardner, Eriq (February 27, 2019). 312:International Standards on Auditing 2259:Masnick, Mike (October 19, 2012). 2239:Masnick, Mike (December 2, 2009). 2214:"Eaten alive in the studio jungle" 2212:Getlin, Josh (February 13, 2008). 2190:Fleming, Mike Jr. (July 6, 2010). 1932:Belloni, Matthew (July 12, 2010). 1906:Fleming, Mike Jr. (July 6, 2010). 1759:. Associated Press. Archived from 1476:Weinraub, Bernard (May 25, 1995). 1234:Vincent, Mal (February 20, 1995). 14: 2346:Culture of Hollywood, Los Angeles 2131:Patten, Dominic (July 16, 2021). 1831:Bunting, Glenn (April 15, 2007). 1751:Veiga, Alex (February 12, 2008). 1674:Munoz, Lorenza (August 8, 2007). 1504:Butler, Tom (December 31, 2019). 1376:Sciretta, Peter (April 5, 2009). 1094:Los Angeles County Superior Court 826:Los Angeles County Superior Court 369:Notes to the financial statements 317:Management Accounting Principles 40: 1833:"$ 78 million of red ink?" 1533:"We See Angelina's Bottom Line" 1188:WGA screenwriting credit system 689:, in which the studio unjustly 2308:"How Movie Distribution Works" 1363:The Late Show with Joan Rivers 1070:won a lawsuit in 2010 against 924:, co-creator of the character 753:The Late Show with Joan Rivers 1: 2298:10.3998/mij.15031809.0002.102 1061:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire 292:Generally-accepted principles 1700:xoanon (November 19, 2006). 1612:Ives, Nat (April 29, 2005). 1146:over profits from TV series 971:(2001–2003), and his studio 793:received a settlement from 2367: 1776:"The Hollywood shell game" 883:According to screenwriter 643:profit-sharing agreements 161:Constant purchasing power 58:Constant purchasing power 1862:. Techdirt. July 8, 2010 1113:as a $ 51 million loss. 948:My Big Fat Greek Wedding 645:, as these are based on 492:Accounting organizations 480:People and organizations 2351:Financial controversies 1140:Creative Artists Agency 1052:The Walt Disney Company 912:The Walt Disney Company 716:Distribution overhead: 240:Amortization (business) 2166:The Hollywood Reporter 2026:The Hollywood Reporter 2005:The Hollywood Reporter 1972:The Hollywood Reporter 1939:The Hollywood Reporter 1810:The Hollywood Reporter 1781:The New Zealand Herald 1352: 1763:on February 14, 2008. 1405:The Los Angeles Times 1348: 1178:Production accounting 968:The Lord of the Rings 800:Buchwald v. Paramount 623:Hollywood bookkeeping 364:Management discussion 2306:Tyson, Jeff (2000). 2226:on February 19, 2008 1432:Simon & Schuster 1103:wrote down the 2018 1072:Rysher Entertainment 691:cross-collateralizes 619:Hollywood accounting 331:Financial statements 284:Accounting standards 1593:. November 13, 2002 1338:on February 1, 2009 1163:Creative accounting 1126:accounting sheets. 702:of a film project. 625:) is the opaque or 557:Earnings management 527:Positive accounting 401:Double-entry system 391:Bank reconciliation 196:Revenue recognition 2336:Accounting systems 2197:Deadline Hollywood 2138:Deadline Hollywood 2110:Deadline Hollywood 2082:Deadline Hollywood 2054:Deadline Hollywood 1618:The New York Times 1483:The New York Times 1124:Universal Pictures 907:Gone in 60 Seconds 822:breach of contract 797:after his lawsuit 795:Paramount Pictures 784:Return of the Jedi 631:accounting methods 532:Sarbanes–Oxley Act 467:Sarbanes–Oxley Act 396:Debits and credits 231:Cost of goods sold 186:Matching principle 2219:Los Angeles Times 1838:Los Angeles Times 1680:Los Angeles Times 1465:. pp. 21–23. 1408:. March 17, 1992. 1304:Los Angeles Times 1248:on March 23, 2014 1241:The Baltimore Sun 1213:Los Angeles Times 1173:Plug (accounting) 1110:Bohemian Rhapsody 957:Gold Circle Films 818:Benjamin Melniker 806:Coming to America 718:Film distributors 661:awarded damages. 616: 615: 577:Two sets of books 572:Off-balance-sheet 214:Selected accounts 151:Accounting period 2358: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2302: 2300: 2285:Media Industries 2275: 2273: 2271: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2222:. Archived from 2208: 2206: 2204: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2016: 2010: 2009: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1979:on July 15, 2010 1975:. Archived from 1962: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1946:on July 12, 2010 1942:. 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June 6, 2007 1715: 1704:. The One Ring 1692: 1666: 1655:. July 1, 2003 1638: 1604: 1576: 1550: 1539:. 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Index

a series
Accounting
Early 19th-century German ledger
Historical cost
Constant purchasing power
Management
Tax
Audit
Budget
Cost
Forensic
Financial
Fund
Governmental
Management
Social
Tax
Accounting period
Accrual
Constant purchasing power
Economic entity
Fair value
Going concern
Historical cost
Matching principle
Materiality
Revenue recognition
Unit of account
Assets
Cash

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