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foreigners during the conflict. Targeted deportations, such as that of hundreds of prominent citizens from northern France to
Holzminden between November 1916 and April 1917, were probably designed to discourage acts of resistance in the occupied regions, and to strengthen the Germans' hand in negotiating civilian exchanges.
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existed in France between 1914 and 1919: they received in total over 40,000 German-speaking civilians (many from
Germany and Austria-Hungary, but also including about 8,000 civilians from Alsace-Lorraine), in various capacities and for varying durations. Great Britain detained more than 30,000
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Although conditions in the camp were harsh, inmates were able to receive mail and food parcels. They developed their own communal facilities, including a "university", chapels, a school for the children, a café, and a photographic studio. Theatrical performances and concerts were held.
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The camp contained approximately 120 huts, and was surrounded by a perimeter fence dominated by watchtowers. It was made up of two compounds, one for men, and one for about 500 women and children. During the day, the women and children were allowed to enter the main compound.
127:. In November 1916 the camp received 300 civilians from northern France, followed by another 600 in January 1918: many of these were members of local elites, who were effectively being held by the Germans as hostages. A small number of
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Jahr, Christoph; Thiel, Jens (2019). "Adding colour to the silhouettes: the internment and treatment of foreign civilians in
Germany during the First World War". In Manz, Stefan; Panayi, Panikos; Stibbe, Matthew (eds.).
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Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled
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Oubliés de la Grande guerre: humanitaire et culture de guerre, 1914–1918: populations occupées, déportés civils, prisonniers de guerre
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Wallart, Claudine (1998). "Déportation de prisonniers civils 'au camp de concentration' d'Holzminden, novembre 1916–avril 1917".
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Site on military prisoners and civilian internees at
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nations. It was the largest internment camp in
Germany, and in October 1918 held 4,240 civilians.
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459:"Déportation de prisonniers civils pendant la première guerre mondiale: le camp de Holzminden"
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Déportation de prisonniers civils pendant la première guerre mondiale: le camp de
Holzminden
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Wallart, Claudine (2000). "Un camp de concentration de la Première Guerre: Holzminden".
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nearer the centre of the town, and which existed from
September 1917 to December 1918.
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also practised the displacement and internment of enemy nationals. Around fifty
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Les camps de concentration français de la première guerre mondiale (1914–1920)
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283:.] Revue Quart Monde, année 2014 - Quelle histoire, pour quel avenir?
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Internment during the First World War: a mass global phenomenon
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internees were also held, including five stewardesses from the
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46:, Germany, which existed from 1914 to 1918. It held civilian
281:"Les camps d'internement de la Première Guerre mondiale"
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in "On the ways of the Great War" - virtual exhibition
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In the footsteps of those who were interned or deported
427:. Comité Régional de Tourisme Nord–Pas de Calais
501:World War I civilian detainees held by Germany
409:Florilège des Archives départementales du Nord
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211:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 40–60 (43).
264:"Captured by Germans: WWI women seafarers"
182:List of concentration and internment camps
107:nationals, many of the French being from
177:List of prisoner-of-war camps in Germany
119:. Among them was the Belgian historian,
425:"Forced labour, hostages and deportees"
371:. New York: Columbia University Press.
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172:World War I prisoners of war in Germany
23:Holzminden internment camp, Winter 1917
365:Steuer, Kenneth (2009). "Chapter 11".
277:https://www.revue-quartmonde.org/6028
16:World War I detention camp in Germany
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457:Wallart, Claudine; Vasseur, Marine.
461:(in French). L’Histoire par l’image
307:Claudine Wallart, Marine Vasseur,
123:; and the Belgian courtier, Count
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441:"Holzminden – Prisonniers 14–18"
153:During the First World War, the
292:Anne Bellouin, Philippe Salson
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38:) located to the north-east of
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91:The inmates mainly comprised
496:World War I sites in Germany
491:World War I internment camps
486:German Empire in World War I
506:Internment camps in Germany
346:Farcy, Jean-Claude (1995).
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149:The practice of internment
72:, which occupied a former
61:, a much smaller camp for
28:Holzminden internment camp
262:Stanley, Jo (July 2012).
125:Charles John d'Oultremont
326:Becker, Annette (1998).
187:Ruhleben internment camp
400:10.3406/rnord.1998.6017
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511:Holzminden (district)
133:Great Eastern Railway
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350:. Paris: Anthropos.
423:Wallart, Claudine.
243:, 21 December 1917.
241:Le Vingtième Siècle
279:Jean-Claude Farcy
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330:. Paris: NoĂŞsis.
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48:internees
166:See also
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