358:, accused Rene Portland of forcing Jennifer Harris to transfer because of bias against lesbians. The advocacy group claimed that Portland was biased against lesbians for decades and cited a 1986 interview in which she claimed she talked to recruits and parents of recruits about lesbians stating, "I will not have it in my program." There were also claims of Portland telling key recruitsâto discourage them from attending another schoolâthat the other team was "full of lesbians." The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court and Penn State found Portland in violation of policy. She was fined $ 10,000 by the university in lieu of a one-game suspension and warned that another infraction would result in the termination of her employment. Rene Portland eventually resigned from her position as women's head basketball coach.
310:
varying sexual identities (25% of which identified as heterosexual). The survey found that 1% of the participants believed that lesbian, gay, and bisexual athletes were 'completely accepted' in sports culture, while 80% of respondents said they had witnessed or experienced homophobia in a sporting environment. The rates and occurrences of discrimination based on sexuality in sports are high with 62% of survey respondents claiming that homophobia is more common in team sports than any other part of society. Additionally, the study found that the United States was the least LGBTQ+ inclusive country, while Canada ranked the most inclusive.
288:(NBA). This same trend can also be found in England's Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), as a recent ad campaign devised by the PFA against homophobia failed because no professional football player was willing to associate themselves with the advertisement. The trend is also prevalent among English Football fans, as a recent study published in 2018 demonstrates that among live attendance fans, the use of homophobic slurs is extremely common. The study finds that the motive behind the offensive language is that the fans are"try to gain an advantage for their team."
241:
Sartore and
Cunningham also found similar stigmatization in the view of homosexual coaches, as high school parents were shown to be unwilling to allow their children to be coached by someone who is gay or lesbian. They also found a similar attitude from high school athletes themselves toward participating on teams coached by either gay or lesbian coaches. However, recent scholars have documented an increasing trend toward openly gay athletes in high school and collegiate level sports.
107:, is known as a feminist icon. She was born in the United States in 1943 and competed professionally throughout the 1960s and 1970s. More than a decade after her athletic career, King was outed as lesbian by a former partner, something King had not yet openly announced. After this revelation, King took a stronger stance on the push for gay rights and continued to vouch for gender equality, specifically equal pay. In 2009, she was awarded a
86:, Austria. Two days after his victory, Curry confirmed a newspaper report about his sexuality, becoming one of the first openly gay gold medalists. Less than three weeks later, and amid the fallout from the revelations, Curry won gold again at the World Figure Skating Championships in Gothenburg. He had completed a "grand slam" of European, Olympic and World championships in under fifty days. Curry died at the age of 44 after a fight with
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217:, the latter of which she was awarded the Golden Boot and Golden Ball award for her performance in the tournament. Rapinoe is openly lesbian, and in 2013 she received the Board of Directors Award by the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center for her role in activism for the LGBTQ+ community. The world champion is also well known for her activism in other sectors, such as gender and racial inequality.
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values has very publicly come into play in determining host cities for championship events. The NCAA expressed concern over
Indiana's Religious Freedom Restoration Act and the hosting of the 2015 Men's Basketball Final Four Tournament, and it banned North Carolina from hosting championship events until 2019 after it passed the
228:, from professional sports to children's athletics, can be seen as the dominant paradigm in sports culture. It is defined as the view of heterosexuality as the standard or preferred sexuality, and this exclusive way of thinking is often taken to the extreme in sports culture, which subsequently places an emphasis on
459:
for LGBT athletes in Europe. The EuroGames are an LGBT+ multi-sport event in Europe, licensed to a local city host each year and organized (most often) by one or more of the federation's member clubs. The official name of the EuroGames is the
European Gay and Lesbian Multi-Sports Championships. It is
291:
Sociologists who have examined lesbians in
American sport in the 1980s and 1990s found overt and covert mechanisms of social discrimination. However, homophobia has been on a rapid decline over previous decades, and studies show attitudes toward female homosexuality in sports have improved since the
236:
has shown that the history of homosexuality in sports is closely linked to the history of sports and goes back to antiquity. The prevalence of heteronormative thinking in athletics has led to a sports culture that is traditionally highly intolerant to homosexuality. This attitude has been documented
240:
In a 2009 study on the well-being of same-sex-attracted youth in the United States, Lindsey
Wilkinson and Jennifer Pearson found that lower self-esteem and higher rates of depression in same-sex attracted youth were correlated with the prevalence of football in high schools. Sociology researchers
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in the seventh round, the 249th of 256 players selected, which made him the first openly gay player to be drafted into the NFL. However, on August 30, St. Louis released Sam as part of a final round of cuts to reduce their roster to the league-mandated 53 players before the start of the regular
325:
announced its support of LGBT student-athletes, coaches, and administrators in intercollegiate athletics. Since then, the association has been defending its core values of equality, inclusion, fairness, and respect in regard to all people involved in NCAA sports and events. The defense of these
309:
a survey initiated in 2015 by members of the organizing committee of
Bingham Cup Sydney 2014, the world cup of gay rugby, and members of the Sydney Convicts, Australia's first gay rugby union club, is the first and largest study conducted on homophobia in sports. It surveyed 9494 athletes with
317:
softened the blowback from announcing her sexuality by casually coming out in an interview almost immediately after being drafted into the WNBA. This was a month before Jason
Collins came out, and there was a media uproar for him while there was barely any coverage over Griner's announcement.
64:
While overall, the trend is towards open acceptance of LGBTQ+ athletes, the level of acceptance can vary due to factors such as the athlete's age, sport, and location. As a consequence of the existing homophobia in the sports community, there have been notable lawsuits fighting against this
237:
in adolescent sports especially, as a recent study by Danny
Osborne and William E. Wagner, III showed that male adolescents who participated in popular sports, such as football, basketball, and baseball were significantly more likely to hold homophobic attitudes than other peers their age.
664:, a prominent female Indian athlete, came out in 2019 when she told reporters she is in a same-sex relationship. Her decision made her India's first openly gay athlete and was met by protests from her hometown, where she was declared an outcast. A couple of months later, in Italy's
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Ten-time national track and field winner Dennis
Finnegan of Ireland came out as gay in 2020 as a guest on the Five Rings To Rule Them All podcast. Finnegan expressed on the podcast that he did so to give members of the LGBTQ+ community more "confidence."
136:
article written in the first person with the help of a journalist, which officially made him the first openly gay NBA player. Although his reveal did not come without its critics, Collins received positive support and was pictured on the cover of
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444:, Brenda Young, and others. In 2006, a schism occurred between the Federation of Gay Games and the Montreal organizing committee for the Gay Games, leading to the Montreal committee organizing a rival multi-sports event, the
538:
in South Korea, the
Canadian athletes' pavilion also doubled as a Pride House for all LGBT athletes at the games regardless of nationality, due to South Korean organizers' reluctance to organize a Pride House of their own.
1226:, WP Company, 14 Nov. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/tennis-icon-billie-jean-king-on-fighting-for-equal-pay-for-women-pressure-is-a-privilege/2019/08/30/4d766498-b7b0-11e9-b3b4-2bb69e8c4e39_story.html.
1942:
Denison E, Kitchen A. (2015). Out on the Fields: The first international study on homophobia in sport. Repucom, Australian Sports Commission, Federation of Gay Games. Accessed through: www.outonthefields.com
1748:
Reimer, Alex. âJason Collins: There's Still 'Fear' among Closeted NBA Players about Coming Out.â Outsports, 24 Feb. 2020, www.outsports.com/2020/2/24/21150859/jason-collins-interview-openly-gay-players-nba.
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Arthur Ashe Courage Award for "courageously announc he was gay prior to the NFL draft." However, the Rams released him during the final preseason roster cuts. He also spent time on the
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There has been an increase in the number of individual athletes who have publicly come out as LGBTQ. Additionally, there have been many recent attempts by organizations such as the
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was the first professional athlete from a major team to come out. After the public strongly denied Kopay's claims of other gay professional athletes, a study published in the
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approval to build a sports and recreation centre focused on sport inclusion. Once built, the new centre will provide a home to Toronto's over 6,000 LGBT sport participants.
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and collegiate athletic departments at universities such as North Carolina, Florida, and Stanford to revise team policies to more openly accommodate LBGT athletes.
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to use the team's real name and logo in the film, making it the first gay-themed film ever to receive this type of approval from a professional sports league.
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1324:, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 25 Apr. 2014, ftw.usatoday.com/2014/04/jason-collins-featured-on-the-cover-of-times-most-influential-people-issue.
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by the White House in recognition of her involvement in pushing for gender equality and the fact she was a notable and successful openly lesbian athlete.
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515:. Local organizations like Ăquipe MontrĂ©al, represent LGBT sport within their respective cities. There is also OutSport Toronto and Team Vancouver.
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in San Francisco. Since then, many homosexual sporting organizations have been founded along with sporting events that feature homosexual athletes.
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957:, became the first active NFL player to come out as gay. He later became the first openly gay player in an NFL playoff game on January 15, 2022.
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and Michael Sam of the NFL, have come out while actively playing, and a small number of athletes have come out after their careers such as
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2820:, 10 July 2019, www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/dutee-chand-100m-gold-world-summer-universiade-napoli-2019-1565750-2019-07-10.
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was formed later in 2002 among GFSN members who wanted to participate in amateur competition as well as support major professional teams.
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In professional sports leagues, homosexuality remains largely stigmatized in the four major North American professional sports leagues.
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Magrath, Rory. ââTo Try and Gain an Advantage for My Teamâ: Homophobic and Homosexually Themed Chanting among English Football Fans.â
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circuit around the world. The goal of the organization is to promote access to tennis and diversity and acceptance within the sport.
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Griffin, Pat, and Hudson Taylor. âChampions of Respect: Inclusion of LGBT Student-Athletes and Staff in NCAA Programs,â April 2010.
1953:
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436:, featuring LGBT athletes, artists and other individuals. Founded as the Gay Olympics, it was started in the United States in
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Defensive Player of the Year, and he was also named an All-American. Following his collegiate career, in an interview with
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2014:
1356:, ESPN Internet Ventures, 10 Feb. 2014, www.espn.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/10429030/michael-sam-missouri-tigers-says-gay.
1184:, Independent Digital News and Media, 22 Oct. 2011, www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-john-curry-1370333.html.
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where he received First Team All-Pac10 honors in the 2000â2001 season. Later, he was drafted in the first round of the
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590:. Canadian filmmakers have also produced a number of notable documentary films about LGBT issues in sport, including
1581:& Arnd KRĂGER (eds.): The International Politics of Sport in the 20th Century. London: Routledge, pp.191 â 216.
754:), came out. Thomas was believed to be the first professional male player in a team sport to come out while active.
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2807:, Guardian News and Media, 5 June 2019, www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/05/dutee-chand-india-athlete-coming-out.
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299:(NCLR) to break down homophobic attitudes in collegiate and professional team sports. The NCLR has worked with the
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players with members in 15 countries. It was founded in 2006 by polo player Chip McKenney. It is headquartered in
122:, born in 1978, was a US collegiate and professional basketball player. Collins played Division One basketball at
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2791:, 6 Aug. 2018, www.france24.com/en/20180806-paris-france-gay-games-sport-lgbt-homosexual-hidalgo-gaultier-macron.
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while he was general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs, but is active in both Canada and the United States. The
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178:, becoming the first openly gay athlete ever to be drafted into the NFL. Subsequently, Sam was awarded the 2014
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1623:"Exploring the Relationship between Homophobia and Participation in Core Sports among High School Students".
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Dhillon, Amrit. â'It's Humiliating for Us': Village Disowns Dutee Chand, India's First Openly Gay Athlete.â
1983:
Hendrickson, Brian. âBoard of Governors Approves Anti-Discrimination Process for Championships Bids.â Text.
1222:
Ottesen, KK. âTennis Icon Billie Jean King on Fighting for Equal Pay for Women: 'Pressure Is a Privilege'.â
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aired a groundbreaking hour-long documentary on LGBT sportspeople as a special episode of its sports series
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3685:"Nashville Predators prospect Luke Prokop says he is gay, hopes living 'authentic life' helps NHL career"
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was a successful British figure skater. Using his unique skating style, Curry won the gold medal in the
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Kian, ET; Anderson, E (2009). "John Amaechi: changing the way sport reporters examine gay athletes".
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633:, an international initiative to combat homophobia in sports. The initiative was launched in 2012 by
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There is also a gender difference in the responses to male and female athletes who come out as LGBT.
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Canadian media have also often been leaders in covering the issue of homophobia in sports; in 1993,
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facilities for LGBT athletes at sporting events, organizing the first-ever Olympic Pride House when
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2873:, 23 Mar. 2020, www.washingtonblade.com/2020/03/23/irish-national-track-champion-comes-out-as-gay/.
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2002:
http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-ncaa-tournament-indiana-religious-freedom-spt-20150326-story.html
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1487:, 7 July 2019, www.france24.com/en/20190707-rapinoe-wins-golden-ball-golden-boot-womens-world-cup.
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in February of 1977 found that around 25% of all male college athletes have had gay experiences.
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467:, founded in 1991, is a not-for-profit international organization that manages and sanctions the
191:
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4224:
424:(initially known as the United States Gay Olympics Committee), which was established in 1980 by
3461:"Openly Gay Male Athletes Jason Collins, Robbie Rogers, and Orlando Cruz struggling for impact"
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The Sydney Convicts Rugby Club was launched in 2004 as Australia's first gay rugby union team.
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1599:"Donnelly and Young (1988) The construction and confirmation of identity in sport subcultures"
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is a former number one women's tennis player in the world and, according to KK Ottesen of the
1802:"Carl Nassib, the first openly gay active NFL player, could be turning point for male sports"
731:
Ishigaki Ju Jitsu Club began in 1994 in the United Kingdom, for gay and gay-friendly people.
30:
The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other non-heterosexual or non-cisgender (
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167:, Sam openly came out as gay. In April 2014, Sam was selected in the seventh round of the
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717:, was formed in 1995 in London. The first openly gay rugby team in Northern Ireland, the
653:
In 2018, France hosted the 10th Gay Games, helping to raise awareness for LGBTQ+ rights.
440:, in 1982, as the brainchild of Olympic decathlete (Mexico City 1968) and medical doctor
3249:"Glenn Burke, 1st openly gay MLB player, is shunned no more â 40 years after coming out"
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2662:"Filmmaker went underground in Putin's Russia to profile LGBT athletes during Olympics"
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In 1996, Graces Cricket Club was organized as the first gay cricket club in the world.
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In the Game: Gay Athletes and the Cult of Masculinity - Eric Anderson - Google Books
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became the first openly gay British footballer. He died eight years later, in 1998.
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3670:"Carl Nassib Makes History: First Openly Gay Player To Play In NFL Postseason Game"
3627:"Carl Nassib of Las Vegas Raiders is first active NFL player to announce he is gay"
2899:, 2020, www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/artifact/flyer-gay-football-supporters-network.
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3652:"Carl Nassib becomes the first openly gay player to play in a NFL postseason game"
1996:
Reports, Tribune wire. âNCAA Weighs Response to Indianaâs Religious Freedom Law.â
2230:, SB Nation, 26 May 2017, www.outsports.com/2017/5/26/15700990/outgames-canceled.
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3602:"Sue Bird posts photo with Megan Rapinoe down on one knee presenting her a ring"
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1320:âJason Collins Featured on the Cover of Time's Most Influential People Issue.â
1311:, 29 Apr. 2013, www.si.com/more-sports/2013/04/29/jason-collins-gay-nba-player.
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for LGBTQ identified and supportive athletes to speak on homophobia in sports.
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was the first time a Pride House facility was available at the Pan Ams. At the
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a Dutch initiative inspired by GayGames, first organized in The Hague in 1992.
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before the 2015 season, and became the first publicly gay player to play in a
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130:(NBA) draft where he played 13 seasons. In 2013, Collins came out as gay in a
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Canada is home to a large LGBT sports community, having hosted the inaugural
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Coulter, Peter. âMusical about Ulster's Gay Rugby Team Opens in Edinburgh.â
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Inclusive Masculinities in Contemporary Football: Men in the Beautiful Game
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One of the earliest-recorded gay sports event organizing committees is the
2965:
1272:, 12 Aug. 2009, www.cbsnews.com/pictures/presidential-medal-of-freedom/5/.
209:, born in 1985, is a notable women's soccer player. Rapinoe is a two-time
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3108:"BBC Radio Jersey - The LGBT Sport Podcast, The One with Edmund Connolly"
2739:
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2341:
Chip McKenney, Founder of the Gay Polo League, On How the League Was Born
1866:"Openly lesbian team sport athletes in an era of decreasing homohysteria"
1806:
1441:"Michael Sam Talks Hardships After Being Dropped By NFL After Coming Out"
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LGBT-focused leagues and events have been created since the late 1970s.
87:
37:
There have been several notable outspoken homosexual athletes, including
2772:"#OneTeam: Canadian Olympic Committee launches LGBTQ inclusion campaign"
2507:"Canada hosts LGBTQ-friendly Pride House in Pyeongchang Olympic Village"
2034:"Group says Penn State coach biased - Women's College Basketball - ESPN"
1602:
841:, Tony Jasinski organized the San Francisco Gay Basketball Association.
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3766:
3530:"Michael Sam makes history: First openly gay player drafted in the NFL"
3184:
3152:
872:
came out as gay, making her the first openly gay person playing in the
577:
regular season game. However, he left the league after that one game.
543:
3556:"Michael Sam, NFL's first openly gay player, is cut by St. Louis Rams"
2603:"Michael Sam is 1st openly gay man to play in CFL regular season game"
2317:
Gay Polo League Tournament Moves To International Polo Club Palm Beach
1413:"Michael Sam is 1st openly gay man to play in CFL regular season game"
768:
team, the Rainbow Rexes, of the United Kingdom, were founded in 2018.
198:
regular-season game. However, he left the league after that one game.
5115:
4839:
4719:
4595:
4514:
4372:
4171:
4166:
3436:"Inside the National Gay Flag Football League With 'F(l)ag Football'"
3358:"Inside the National Gay Flag Football League With 'F(l)ag Football'"
2182:
738:
figures come out while active. First, in 2007, international referee
471:
354:, was about homosexuality. In 2006, a gay rights advocacy group, the
3040:"Robbie Rogers: why coming out as gay meant I had to leave football"
1210:, 10 June 2007, www.ifsmagazine.com/john-curry-triumph-and-tragedy/.
827:
player to come out as gay, announcing it in 1982 after he retired.
432:
is a worldwide sport and cultural event that promotes acceptance of
3306:, 15 Feb. 2013, www.washingtonblade.com/2013/02/15/nice-and-rough/.
2960:âISHIGAKI Is a Martial Arts Club for Gay and Gay-Friendly People.â
2869:
King, John Paul. âIrish National Track Champion Comes out as Gay.â
2402:
2365:
Gay Polo Tournament returns with high-goal pros, stylish tailgating
817:
to gay men who wanted to play soccer as a team called the Rambles.
4640:
4454:
4444:
4421:
4416:
4411:
3786:
3782:
2938:, BBC, 4 Aug. 2011, www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-14391345.
2912:, 13 Oct. 2019, inclusiverugby.com/team/kings-cross-steelers-rfc/.
2427:
2126:
1307:
Collins, Jason. âWhy NBA Center Jason Collins Is Coming out Now.â
377:
365:
31:
3507:"In Historic Pick, Rams Take Michael Sam in Final Round of Draft"
3481:"Rams reportedly took Michael Sam in 2014 draft in deal with NFL"
2428:"Ăquipe MontrĂ©al â Association des clubs sports et loisirs LGBTA"
1483:âRapinoe Wins Golden Ball and Golden Boot at Women's World Cup.â
834:
was organized as the first gay hockey team in the United States.
721:, was formed in 2007, and the first Scottish gay rugby team, the
4805:
4499:
3071:
2386:"Historic support from Canadian sports teams, players for Pride"
2265:
2037:
734:
The first decade of the 21st century saw two high-profile Welsh
482:
164:
5555:
5449:
5201:
4874:
4287:
3897:
3801:
3739:
3127:"Husky legend and gay icon David Kopay is at peace and at home"
1644:"School Culture and the Well-Being of Same-Sex-Attracted Youth"
495:
is an international initiative to combat homophobia in sports.
4605:
4357:
3726:
ITV: Good Morning Britain, 18 August 2015, YouTube (06:39 min)
3224:
2019:
1577:
A. KRĂGER (1999). The Homosexual and Homoerotic in Sport, in:
1369:, ESPN Internet Ventures, July 2014, www.espn.com/espys/2014/.
468:
159:. At Missouri, in his final season in 2013, Sam was named the
3712:
3153:"Are There Really Any Gay Male Athletes? An Empirical Survey"
2787:âParis Hosts 10th Gay Games Aimed at Promoting LGBT Rights.â
1910:"NCLR: issues & cases _ sports _ sports project overview"
853:
was formed as the first gay rugby team in the United States.
1285:, www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/jason-collins-1.html.
1122:
List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sportspeople
698:
The first openly gay football team in the United Kingdom is
2736:"'Gay Hockey Movie' Hopes to Score Despite Vicious Remarks"
2718:"'Gay Hockey Movie' Hopes to Score Despite Vicious Remarks"
622:, about a gay retired hockey player, was authorized by the
155:, born in 1990, was a US collegiate football player at the
3388:"South Africa's rugby team Jozi Cats defy gay stereotypes"
2576:"Michael Sam joins Alouettes, first openly gay CFL player"
1340:, www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-sam-1.html.
899:
was founded, joining two dozen other teams as part of the
561:. The signing made him the first openly gay player in the
1499:âMegan Rapinoe: A Profile of the US Women's Co-Captain.â
1336:âMichael Sam College Stats: College Football at Sports.â
1255:, University of North Carolina Press, 2011, pp. 179â206.
292:
research conducted on lesbian athletes in the mid-1990s.
34:) community is prevalent within sports across the world.
2816:âDutee Chand Wins 100m Gold at World University Games.â
2241:"EuroGames à Berne: polémique à cause des drapeaux LGBT"
1695:. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 1â10.
1503:, BBC, 27 June 2019, www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-48784765.
1298:, www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/collija04.html.
573:, making him the first publicly gay player to play in a
2059:"Group accuses Penn State coach with anti-lesbian bias"
2015:"North Carolina transgender law: Is it discriminatory?"
1352:
Connelly, Chris. âMizzou's Michael Sam Says He's Gay.â
362:
LGBT leagues, teams, events, and individuals coming out
2162:âGay Games Founder Paul Mart Passes Away at Age 100.â
448:, which shut down due to financial struggles in 2017.
370:
Gay martial artists from Ishigaki Jujitsu marching in
3718:
10 Openly Gay Footballers. History of World Football.
2882:âStonewall FC â the World's Best Gay Football Team.â
2754:"Queer Film Festival Hopes to Involve More of Public"
1381:"Michael Sam Signs With Montreal Alouettes of C.F.L."
1206:
Russell, Susan D. âJohn Curry: Triumph and Tragedy.â
3412:"DC Gay Flag Football League produces 2017 calendar"
2830:
2625:"Michael Sam Says He's Leaving Montreal's Alouettes"
2523:"The 519 proposes LGBT sports and recreation centre"
1864:
Anderson, Eric; Bullingham, Rachael (10 June 2013).
5770:
5672:
5580:
5382:
5261:
5218:
5139:
5022:
4993:
4952:
4887:
4682:
4536:
4527:
4435:
4314:
4190:
4147:
3720:
lgbtworldchannel, 29 July 2016. YouTube (11:45 min)
3013:"Gareth Thomas... The Only Openly Gay Male Athlete"
2204:"The History of LGBT Participation in the Olympics"
987:
Football's Coming Out: Life as a Gay Fan and Player
2312:
2310:
1107:International Gay and Lesbian Football Association
713:The first openly gay rugby team in the world, the
2871:Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights
2166:, 22 Oct. 2018, gaygames.org/latest-news/6865730.
565:âs history. On August 7, 2015, he played for the
3730:Homosexuality In Sports Now Impossible To Ignore
2886:, 2018, home.barclays/news/2018/05/stonewallfc/.
3724:Keegan Hirst. UK Rugby Player coming out story.
1873:International Review for the Sociology of Sport
1251:Ware, Susan. âThe Outing of Billie Jean King.â
406:, international association of gay and lesbian
5752:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
2489:"Toronto to Host Pride House for Pan Am Games"
1693:Sexual Minorities in Sports: Prejudice at Play
1642:Wilkinson, Lindsey; Pearson, Jennifer (2009).
702:, that was formed in 1991. Two years earlier,
530:. Similarly, Toronto's Pride House during the
5181:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
3751:
3090:"Make Sport Everyone's Game - Edmund's story"
2895:âFlyer, 'Gay Football Supporters' Network'.â
972:, became the first active player signed to a
629:Canadian sports teams are active partners in
8:
4825:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
3625:Martin, Jill; Almasy, Steve (21 June 2021).
3199:North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance
2569:
2567:
2542:"D-lineman Michael Sam signs with Alouettes"
2131:North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance
1822:"Taylor Claims Gay Issue Not Easy For Stars"
1235:âThe Official Website of Billie Jean King.â
1102:Homosexuality in sports in the United States
797:North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance
778:Homosexuality in sports in the United States
400:North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance
5539:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
5054:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
2226:Zeigler, Cyd. âThe OutGames Are Canceled.â
1474:, www.ussoccer.com/players/r/megan-rapinoe.
811:began in 1980 when an ad was placed in the
382:Gay football and rugby players marching in
5805:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
5577:
5552:
5446:
5215:
5198:
5044:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
4884:
4871:
4533:
4320:
4311:
4284:
3916:
3894:
3798:
3758:
3744:
3736:
2178:"Perspiration condemnation for N.Y. Games"
799:was formed for future gay softball teams.
328:Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act
215:United States women's national soccer team
5095:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
4927:History of Christianity and homosexuality
3151:Garner, Brian; Smith, Richard W. (1977).
1667:
1516:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
1065:European Gay and Lesbian Sport Federation
518:Canada was also a leader in creating the
453:European Gay and Lesbian Sport Federation
5737:Discrimination against non-binary people
3291:San Francisco Gay Basketball Association
2699:"DOXA 2019 review: Standing on the Line"
2013:Shoichet, Catherine E. (April 5, 2016).
1985:NCAA.org - The Official Site of the NCAA
1460:. montrealalouettes.com. 14 August 2015.
1452:
1450:
1435:
1433:
1180:Bird, Dennis L. âObituary: John Curry.â
323:National Collegiate Athletic Association
190:before being waived. He signed with the
4902:History of gay men in the United States
3315:McElroy, Steven. âCamaraderie on Ice.â
2966:http://ishigaki.users19.interdns.co.uk/
2381:
2379:
1148:
5253:List of LGBT rights articles by region
3600:Kallingal, Mallika (31 October 2020).
3517:from the original on November 1, 2014.
2646:Moment #62: CBC airs "The Last Closet"
2473:"Pride House: Safe haven at the Games"
2153:, www.igbo.org/content_page/10031311/.
2151:International Gay Bowling Organization
1844:, vol. 52, no. 4, 2017, pp. 709â726.,
1722:. State University of New York Press.
1563:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1556:
1495:
1493:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1330:
415:International Gay Bowling Organization
3566:from the original on August 31, 2014.
3259:from the original on February 9, 2023
2951:, gracescricket.org.uk/club-history/.
2865:
2863:
2799:
2797:
2635:from the original on August 18, 2015.
2293:. Taylor & Francis. p. 290.
2291:A Social History of Tennis in Britain
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1904:
1902:
1859:
1857:
1253:The Perils of Celebrity and Sexuality
1247:
1245:
1218:
1216:
1208:International Figure Skating Magazine
1085:Homosexuality in association football
676:The first gay rugby team in Ireland,
668:in 2019, she claimed the gold medal.
481:is a worldwide organization of LGBTQ
7:
5825:Unlawfully killed transgender people
5810:Acts of violence against LGBT people
5785:Capital punishment for homosexuality
5269:Capital punishment for homosexuality
3015:. Sports Illustrated. Archived from
1158:"LGBTQ+ Sports News and Information"
1013:Rogers, Robbie; Marcus, Eric (2014)
858:New York City Gay Hockey Association
557:signed a two-year contract with the
57:, a soccer player, hosted the first
5820:Violence against transgender people
5220:LGBT rights by country or territory
3528:Carter, Chelsea J. (May 10, 2014).
3356:de la Cretaz, Britni (2017-07-06).
2453:"Team Vancouver - Associate Groups"
2101:"Penn State coach Portland resigns"
764:The world's first LGBTQA inclusive
5350:Legal status of transgender people
4801:Legal status of transgender people
3732:- AP, Steve Wilstein, 21 June 1995
3329:II, Howard Nixon (July 24, 2015).
3302:Majores, Kevin. âNice and Rough.â
1954:"Why Athletes' Coming Out Matters"
1080:Homosexuality in American football
356:National Center for Lesbian Rights
297:National Center for Lesbian Rights
25:
4437:Third sex / Third gender
3577:Wagoner, Nick (August 30, 2014).
3459:Slater, J. (September 17, 2013).
3131:University of Washington Magazine
2574:Campbell, Morgan (May 22, 2015).
1691:Sartore-Baldwin, Melanie (2013).
1268:âPresidential Medal of Freedom.â
1197:, www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1976.
1095:Homosexuality in English football
901:National Gay Flag Football League
881:National Gay Flag Football League
694:Homosexuality in English football
144:Top 100 Most Influential People.
5862:
5861:
5849:
5454:â Medicine, science and sexology
5284:Criminalization of homosexuality
4591:Attraction to transgender people
3201:, 2017, www.nagaaasoftball.org/.
1625:Pacific Sociological Association
1239:, 2020, www.billiejeanking.com/.
1156:Diversity, Sexual (2019-01-01).
1049:
1035:
883:was founded by Jim Buzinski and
782:In 1975, former football player
750:most-capped player (and later a
616:(2019). The Canadian drama film
428:, Mark Brown and Paul Mart. The
334:Legal cases in the United States
5732:Discrimination against lesbians
5664:Transgender people and religion
5479:Disability and LGBTQ identities
5038:Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft
3554:Farmer, Sam (August 30, 2014).
3072:"Home | Rainbow Rexes Lacrosse"
1912:. Nclrights.org. Archived from
1379:Mather, Victor (May 22, 2015).
1281:âJason Collins College Stats.â
1195:International Olympic Committee
1090:Homosexuality in college sports
1075:Gay Football Supporters Network
914:each publicly came out as gay.
704:Gay Football Supporters Network
465:Gay and Lesbian Tennis Alliance
128:National Basketball Association
84:1976 Olympic Games in Innsbruck
4854:Sexual practices between women
3683:Kaplan, Emily (19 July 2021).
3280:, 2020, www.bladeshockey.com/.
3214:, 2020, nyramblers.com/about/.
2962:Ishigaki The Gay Ju-Jitsu Club
2548:. May 22, 2015. Archived from
2023:. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
1601:. Getcited.org. Archived from
837:In 1986, following the second
169:National Football League (NFL)
1:
5890:Sexual orientation and sports
5800:History of violence in the US
5795:History of violence in the UK
5279:Civil unions and partnerships
5149:Timeline of same-sex marriage
4850:Women who have sex with women
4830:Social construction of gender
2925:, www.caledonianthebans.com/.
2831:"Home | Emerald Warriors RFC"
1716:Anderson, Eric (2010-03-10).
976:contract to come out as gay.
161:Southeastern Conference (SEC)
109:Presidential Medal of Freedom
5772:Violence against LGBT people
5673:Prejudice and discrimination
5489:Homosexuality and psychology
5166:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
5101:Florida orange juice boycott
4815:Sexual practices between men
4705:Erotic target location error
3505:Belson, Ken (May 10, 2014).
3210:âNew York Ramblers Soccer.â
3125:Naito, Jon (December 2008).
3038:McRae, Donald (2013-03-29).
2977:Bevan, Nathan (2007-05-20).
2908:âKings Cross Steelers RFC.â
2680:"'Transformer': Film Review"
1237:Billie Jean King Enterprises
1132:Transgender people in sports
1017:. London: The Robson Press.
942:and FIFA World Cup Champion
600:(2014), Michael Del Monte's
221:Homophobia in sports culture
5534:Sexual orientation identity
5355:Transgender rights movement
4725:Gender and sexual diversity
4094:Queerplatonic relationships
3386:Sastre, Sole (2016-06-28).
3157:The Journal of Sex Research
1830:. London. 12 February 2010.
938:In October 2020, WNBA star
897:DC Gay Flag Football League
680:, was established in 2003.
641:also organizes #oneteam, a
455:was formed to organize the
5906:
5710:Grooming conspiracy theory
5659:Homosexuality and religion
4932:History of same-sex unions
2897:National Museums Liverpool
2407:Sydney Convicts Rugby Club
2087:September 3, 2006, at the
1117:List of IGLFA member clubs
775:
752:rugby league international
691:
639:Canadian Olympic Committee
553:On May 22, 2015, American
346:, more specifically their
5843:
5576:
5551:
5459:
5445:
5274:Censorship of LGBT issues
5214:
5197:
5014:First homosexual movement
4883:
4870:
4811:Men who have sex with men
4564:
4323:
4310:
4283:
3919:
3915:
3893:
3819:
3797:
3579:"Michael Sam cut by Rams"
3345:– via Google Books.
3332:Sport in a Changing World
3169:10.1080/00224497709550957
2176:Morse, Rob (2002-10-30).
1772:10.1080/00918360903187788
1472:U.S. Soccer Official Site
989:. : Floodlit Dreams Ltd.
964:, who was drafted by the
946:became engaged to marry.
742:came out. Then, in 2009,
438:San Francisco, California
5642:Suicide among LGBT youth
5494:Homosexuality in the DSM
5131:Bar Abanicos police raid
5111:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
5084:Festival of Light action
5064:Compton's Cafeteria riot
4897:History of homosexuality
4363:Non-binary / genderqueer
4220:Gay flag of South Africa
3824:LGBT topics in education
3485:Las Vegas Review-Journal
2605:. cbc.ca. August 7, 2015
2289:Lake, Robert J. (2014).
1885:10.1177/1012690213490520
1850:10.1177/0038038517702600
1660:10.1177/0891243209339913
1470:âMegan Rapinoe: USWNT.â
851:Washington Renegades RFC
575:Canadian Football League
563:Canadian Football League
196:Canadian Football League
5649:Monuments and memorials
5637:Suicides of LGBT people
5374:Commonwealth of Nations
5206:Rights and legal issues
4845:Transgender health care
2631:. AP. August 14, 2015.
2432:www.equipe-montreal.org
2247:(in French). 2023-07-27
2164:Federation of Gay Games
1294:âJason Collins Stats.â
1112:International Gay Rugby
1070:Federation of Gay Games
1003:. Abingdon: Routledge.
789:Journal of Sex Research
532:2015 Pan American Games
422:Federation of Gay Games
248:of the NBA, along with
69:Notable LGBTQ+ athletes
27:LGBTQ+ issues in sports
18:Homosexuality in sports
5620:LGBT rights opposition
5529:Split attraction model
5032:Dance of the Forty-One
4943:Category:LGBTQ history
4912:LGBTQ history timeline
4820:Sexâgender distinction
4770:Human female sexuality
4109:Same-sex relationships
3319:, 15 Oct. 2010, p. 34.
3293:, www.sfgba.com/about.
2923:Caledonian Thebans RFC
2685:The Hollywood Reporter
974:National Hockey League
725:, was formed in 2002.
723:Caledonian Thebans RFC
608:Paul-Ămile d'Entremont
569:in a game against the
387:
375:
211:FIFA Women's World Cup
157:University of Missouri
5407:LGBT rights activists
5384:LGBT rights movements
5364:Yogyakarta Principles
5323:Assisted reproduction
5301:Intersex human rights
5161:Russian anti-LGBT law
4907:History of lesbianism
4368:Queer heterosexuality
2266:"General info | GLTA"
2216:on February 21, 2014.
2149:âMission Statement.â
1458:"Alouettes statement"
999:Magrath, Rory (2016)
985:Beasley, Neil (2016)
825:Major League Baseball
402:was founded; it is a
381:
369:
5690:Anti-gender movement
5126:Tasty nightclub raid
5074:Gay Liberation Front
4775:Human male sexuality
4651:Romantic orientation
4450:Balkan sworn virgins
4348:Gender nonconformity
3076:Rainbow Rexes Lacros
2855:Emerald Warriors RFC
2742:. 13 September 2007.
2724:. 13 September 2007.
2704:The Georgia Straight
2513:, February 10, 2018.
2497:, February 10, 2018.
2479:, February 14, 2010.
2352:Equestrian Quarterly
1648:Gender & Society
1520:on December 21, 2012
1296:Basketball Reference
1127:Principle 6 campaign
970:2020 NHL Entry Draft
715:Kings Cross Steelers
708:GFSN National League
678:Emerald Warriors RFC
613:Standing on the Line
548:Toronto City Council
528:2010 Winter Olympics
5625:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
4740:Gender essentialism
4538:Sexual orientations
3672:. January 16, 2022.
3658:. January 16, 2022.
3466:The Huffington Post
3096:. 28 November 2018.
2979:"Ref's gay torment"
2949:GRACES CRICKET CLUB
2688:, November 4, 2017.
2667:Winnipeg Free Press
2531:, December 3, 2013.
2455:. Teamvan.vcn.bc.ca
2354:, November 14, 2013
2330:, 26 September 2014
1224:The Washington Post
966:Nashville Predators
624:Toronto Maple Leafs
619:Breakfast with Scot
597:To Russia with Love
487:Wellington, Florida
417:(IGBO) was formed.
301:San Francisco 49ers
124:Stanford University
5725:Liberal homophobia
5582:Societal attitudes
5560:Societal attitudes
5524:Conversion therapy
5452:Sexual orientation
5412:Rainbow capitalism
5402:LGBT rights groups
5311:Same-sex parenting
5262:LGBT rights topics
4975:pre-Columbian Peru
4656:Same gender loving
4302:Sexual diversities
3956:Bisexual community
3511:The New York Times
3278:Los Angeles Blades
2857:, 2020, ewrfc.ie/.
2629:The New York Times
2346:2015-02-03 at the
2322:2015-02-03 at the
2000:, March 26, 2015.
1998:Chicagotribune.com
1956:. Psychology Today
1384:The New York Times
1309:Sports Illustrated
1193:âInnsbruck 1976.â
1015:Coming Out to Play
906:In 2013, soccer's
879:Also in 2002, the
832:Los Angeles Blades
567:Montreal Alouettes
559:Montreal Alouettes
542:In December 2013,
536:2018 Olympic Games
388:
376:
348:women's basketball
307:Out on the Fields,
213:champion with the
192:Montreal Alouettes
133:Sports Illustrated
5877:
5876:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5815:Stop Murder Music
5615:Gay panic defense
5595:Heteronormativity
5547:
5546:
5514:Prenatal hormones
5441:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5328:Same-sex marriage
5289:decriminalization
5193:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5155:Lawrence v. Texas
5089:White Night riots
5079:Handkerchief code
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4760:Gender transition
4750:Gender neutrality
4745:Gender expression
4730:Gender assignment
4678:
4677:
4529:Sexual identities
4523:
4522:
4297:Sexual identities
4292:Gender identities
4279:
4278:
4275:
4274:
3998:Awareness periods
3971:Community centers
3889:
3888:
3560:Los Angeles Times
2652:, August 4, 2011.
2339:Deborah Deutsch,
1987:, April 27, 2016.
1702:978-1-58826-890-7
1514:"Heteronormative"
1443:. April 21, 2019.
955:Las Vegas Raiders
910:and basketball's
809:New York Ramblers
226:Heteronormativity
55:Max Wolf Yacknage
16:(Redirected from
5897:
5865:
5864:
5856:LGBTQ portal
5854:
5853:
5852:
5632:LGBT stereotypes
5600:Heteropatriarchy
5590:Amatonormativity
5578:
5553:
5519:Sexual inversion
5447:
5306:Military service
5216:
5199:
4922:Social movements
4885:
4872:
4631:Non-heterosexual
4534:
4321:
4312:
4285:
4260:Rainbow crossing
4099:Religious groups
4045:New queer cinema
3917:
3895:
3839:LGBT linguistics
3834:Lesbian feminism
3799:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:on June 12, 2018
3364:. Archived from
3353:
3347:
3346:
3326:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3304:Washington Blade
3300:
3294:
3287:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3255:. July 3, 2022.
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2985:. Archived from
2974:
2968:
2958:
2952:
2947:âClub History.â
2945:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2801:
2792:
2785:
2779:
2778:, June 23, 2015.
2769:
2763:
2762:, March 4, 2008.
2752:Martin DeGroot,
2750:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2708:
2697:Nathan Caddell,
2695:
2689:
2677:
2671:
2670:, June 22, 2015.
2659:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2538:
2532:
2520:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:, June 24, 2017.
2383:
2374:
2373:, April 10, 2013
2361:
2355:
2337:
2331:
2328:Hurlingham Media
2314:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2209:. Archived from
2208:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2011:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1595:
1589:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1542:. Archived from
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1338:Sports Reference
1334:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1283:Sports Reference
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1162:Sexual Diversity
1153:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
587:The Inside Track
571:Ottawa Redblacks
434:sexual diversity
266:Ryan O'Callaghan
99:Billie Jean King
94:Billie Jean King
65:discrimination.
53:. In the 1980s,
43:Billie Jean King
21:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5850:
5848:
5831:
5780:Corrective rape
5766:
5668:
5605:Homonationalism
5572:
5543:
5455:
5433:
5378:
5369:La Francophonie
5338:List of couples
5296:Hate crime laws
5257:
5210:
5185:
5135:
5069:Stonewall riots
5018:
4989:
4985:Medieval Europe
4948:
4879:
4858:
4674:
4661:Sexual minority
4579:Gray asexuality
4560:
4519:
4431:
4316:Gender identity
4306:
4271:
4186:
4143:
3911:
3885:
3844:LGBT literature
3815:
3806:Academic fields
3793:
3764:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2983:Wales on Sunday
2976:
2975:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2916:
2910:Inclusive Rugby
2907:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2795:
2786:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2696:
2692:
2678:
2674:
2660:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2552:on May 25, 2015
2540:
2539:
2535:
2521:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2483:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2384:
2377:
2363:Nadia Sorocka,
2362:
2358:
2348:Wayback Machine
2338:
2334:
2324:Wayback Machine
2315:
2308:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2107:. 22 March 2007
2099:
2098:
2094:
2089:Wayback Machine
2081:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1952:Aalai, Azadeh.
1951:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1839:
1835:
1827:The Independent
1820:
1819:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1576:
1572:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1540:"Archived copy"
1538:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1182:The Independent
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
982:
980:Further reading
936:
893:
866:
860:was organized.
847:
805:
780:
774:
696:
690:
674:
659:
651:
643:speakers bureau
509:
501:
479:Gay Polo League
396:
384:Pride in London
372:Pride in London
364:
340:Jennifer Harris
336:
315:Brittney Griner
223:
204:
150:
117:
104:Washington Post
96:
76:
71:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5903:
5901:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5859:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5562:
5556:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5450:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5397:Gay liberation
5394:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:United Nations
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5202:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Operation Soap
5103:
5098:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4970:Ancient Greece
4967:
4962:
4960:Adelphopoiesis
4956:
4954:
4953:Pre-modern era
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:Heteroflexible
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4182:Rainbow plaque
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4157:Black triangle
4153:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4005:Film festivals
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3976:Cross-dressing
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3920:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3829:Gender studies
3826:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3795:
3794:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3708:
3707:External links
3705:
3702:
3701:
3675:
3661:
3643:
3617:
3592:
3569:
3546:
3520:
3497:
3472:
3451:
3427:
3403:
3378:
3348:
3341:
3321:
3317:New York Times
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3240:
3216:
3203:
3190:
3143:
3117:
3099:
3081:
3063:
3030:
3019:on May 1, 2010
3011:(3 May 2010).
3000:
2989:on 27 May 2008
2969:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2859:
2846:
2822:
2809:
2793:
2780:
2764:
2745:
2727:
2709:
2707:, May 6, 2019.
2690:
2672:
2654:
2638:
2616:
2594:
2563:
2533:
2515:
2499:
2481:
2465:
2444:
2419:
2394:
2375:
2356:
2332:
2306:
2299:
2281:
2257:
2232:
2219:
2195:
2168:
2155:
2142:
2118:
2092:
2075:
2050:
2025:
2006:
1989:
1976:
1967:
1944:
1926:
1898:
1879:(6): 647â660.
1853:
1833:
1813:
1793:
1766:(7): 799â818.
1750:
1741:
1728:
1708:
1701:
1683:
1654:(4): 542â568.
1634:
1615:
1590:
1570:
1531:
1505:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1446:
1429:
1404:
1371:
1365:â2014 ESPYS.â
1358:
1342:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1241:
1228:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:World Outgames
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
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960:In July 2021,
953:, then of the
949:In June 2021,
935:
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923:St. Louis Rams
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823:was the first
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4177:Pink triangle
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3871:Queer studies
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3362:Rolling Stone
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3342:9781317383789
3338:
3335:. Routledge.
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3225:"NY RAMBLERS"
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1916:on 2007-10-15
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1605:on 2003-07-12
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1587:0-419-21160-8
1584:
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1579:James RIORDAN
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856:In 1999, the
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835:
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830:In 1985, the
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814:Village Voice
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795:In 1977, the
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772:United States
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748:the country's
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3009:Smith, Gary
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