353:
500-1000 home educated children in
Northern Ireland, but exact numbers are difficult to determine due to the lack of registration. Currently there is no legal requirement for parents to register their children with the Education Board, but a consultation by the Department of Education that started in April 2014 has proposed mandatory registration, home visits, inspection of premises & approval of curriculum. This draft policy by the Department of Education has alarmed home educators by requiring what the law does not, therefore creating the potential for confusion. The consultation is due to end on 27 June 2014. The largest Home Education group in Northern Ireland, HEDNI is actively involved in opposing this change in policy.
166:
abandon schooling for their children altogether. A meeting for these families was organised in the late 70's/early eighties (check date) which would lead to the establishment of
Education Otherwise. The meeting included Iris and Geoff Harrison whose fight with the authorities to home educate their five dyslexic children was widely publicised in the media at that time. Education Otherwise is now a charity and organisation that helps families and children with queries relating to home education and resource-related issues. Other organisations such as AHED also exist.
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adequate education, that it was not the intention of the legislators to give local authorities the power to go on "fishing trips" that would impose on all home educators, that any regime of regular inspection of home educators would be hugely expensive while delivering very little value and that local authorities would achieve far more using their resources to improve schools that are not delivering an adequate education. Further, as local authority funding is related to the number of children in school local authorities have a
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deliver on the identification of children not receiving an adequate education. Local authorities sometimes attempt to circumvent the law and force compulsory registration on to home educators and/or otherwise deprive home educators of their legal rights under the pretext of identifying children missing education, according to the
Education Select Committee's Fifth Report to Parliament. On numerous occasions, as with Kent County Council,
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Home educators respond to local authority frustrations on identifying children missing an education by pointing to the fact that the law and guidelines give local authorities the option to intervene only when it has already come to the attention of the local authority that a child is not receiving an
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review of home education, in their submissions to the All Party
Parliamentary Group for Home Education and in other surveys and inquiries. Many claim that unless they can require all home educators to register, and regularly inspect the provision of every home educator, they are unable to effectively
246:
no permission is required from the school or local authority to deregister the child (section 2.4). Parents can deregister a child from the school system by the simple means of notifying the school in writing (section 3.8). There is no action, notification or deregistration process for those children
216:
The government recognises that education is a fundamental right for every child and that parents have the right to choose to educate their child at home rather than at school. The roles and responsibilities of parents and local authorities in this regard are covered by a document called
Elective Home
156:
During the early 1950s Joy Baker became one of the first parents to abandon the school based education system in favour of the otherwise path. She would spend ten years battling with the authorities who insisted her children should attend school. During the early 1970s
Dartington school ran a scheme,
238:
Local authorities have no duty to monitor the quality of home education (section 2.7), have no right to enter the homes of home educators or otherwise see children for the purpose of monitoring their education (section 2.14 - 2.16) and are required to leave home educators to just get on with the job
226:
The mention of "otherwise" is what covers education outside of state schools, including home education. The guidelines go on to explain that an efficient education is one that achieves what it sets out to achieve. It needs to prepare the child for adult life in the community of which the child is a
144:
which required that each child be educated according to their individual aptitude and ability either at school or otherwise. The plans for a liberal communal based education system incorporating schools, village halls and community centres floundered against local bureaucracy and finance and offered
31:
in
England and Wales does not differentiate between school attendance or education otherwise than at school. Scots education legislation on the other hand differentiates between public (state) school provision and education "by other means", which includes both private schooling and home education.
352:
Elective Home
Education is legal in Northern Ireland under Section 45 of the Education and Libraries Northern Ireland Order 1986 SI 1986/594 which models English legislation in requiring the education of children of school age "by regular attendance at school or otherwise." There are approximately
234:
Home educating parents are not required to teach the
National Curriculum; provide a broad and balanced education; have a timetable; have premises equipped to any particular standard; set hours during which education will take place; have any specific qualifications; make detailed plans in advance;
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who had been working at
Dartington. Kitto set up an informal democratic system and was impressed by how well the pupils responded to such opportunities. Kitto planned to expand his ideas to cover more schools but he discovered that some parents had already moved beyond his ideas and had decided to
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The situation in Scotland is slightly different in that if a child is already in school the parent needs to get permission from the local authority to deregister the child, which permission should be granted fairly quickly. No such permission is needed if the child has never attended school. Home
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to force home educated children into schools. That local authorities often act outside the law when dealing with home educators and given that the "large majority" of local authorities (all except 30) provide misleading information on their websites in relation to home education (page 23 of The
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The law on education otherwise i.e. outside of school, taken together with the "Elective Home Education: Guidelines For Local Authorities" gives local authorities no responsibility, rights or control over home educators. Local authorities cannot require home educators to register, cannot demand
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MPs for a national homeschooling register in order to better understand the exact numbers of homeschooled children as well as to tackle the growing problem of persistent absence from schools. The legislation would require local councils to keep an up-to-date record of all homeschooled pupils.
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While local authorities have very little authority over home educators they do have a responsibility to identify children in their locality who are not receiving an education. Many local authorities find this a frustrating conflict and have often complained about their lack of power over home
55:
In 2016/17, 48,000 children were being homeschooled in the United Kingdom, up from 34,000 in 2014/15. This number rose to 57,132 in 2018. The number of homeschoolers in the United Kingdom rose by 130 per cent between 2013 and 2018, with the increase varying widely between communities. The
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member, as well as beyond should they wish to leave the community. Emphasis was formerly placed (section 2.3) on the fact that the education did not need to prepare the child for life in the country as a whole but for life in the community of which the child is a member.
89:
In England and Wales, the law states that all children between the ages of 5 and 16 must receive a full-time suitable education as per their age, ability and aptitude and any special needs they may have must be met, either by regular attendance at school or otherwise.
223:"The parent of every child of compulsory school age shall cause him to receive efficient full-time education suitable (a) to his age, ability and aptitude, and (b) to any special educational needs he may have, either by regular attendance at school or otherwise."
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Although the Department framed legislation to implement much of the review, due to a lack of cross-party support and intense campaigning by home education advocacy groups it was dropped by the Labour administration in the run-up to the 2010 General Election.
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observe school hours, days or terms; give formal lessons; mark work done by their child; formally assess progress or set development objectives; reproduce school type peer group socialisation or match school-based, age-specific standards (section 3.13).
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who in his essays on education (1854 and 1859) argued against the traditional authoritative classical form of education that disregarded the natural wishes, tendencies, and motives of the child. In turn there were many further pioneers such as
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There is no definition of what constitutes a full-time education, but the guidelines accept that education at home may not follow the rigid hours of the school structure and it is difficult to impossible to measure exact hours devoted to it.
140:. The Hadow reports (1923–1933) with their suggestions such that "a good school 'is not a place of compulsory instruction, but a community of old and young, engaged in learning by cooperative experiment'. laid the foundations for the
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had argued that schools were for children "not otherwise receiving education" and the 1870 act specified "a reasonable excuse for non-attendance at school : 1. That the child is under efficient instruction in some other manner".
26:
provided by the local authority in the family home. EHE is a collective term used in the UK to describe education provided other than through the schooling system. Parents have a duty to ensure their children are educated but the
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Across the UK, including in Scotland and Northern Ireland, local groups of home educating parents run regular meets, events, trips, picnics and camps. At the national level there are organisations and charities such as
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regular inspection of the provision or access to the children and cannot seek to control or approve the education provided by parents at home. The only exceptions to some of the above are certain cases of children with
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exams privately. This option is also available for A levels. While some GCSE subjects require "controlled assessment" at a school, others do not. There is no controlled assessment for iGCSE or A level qualifications.
309:. However, many institutions require proof of secondary level or pre-university level qualifications before admitting a student or providing employment. To meet those requirements home educated children take GCSE or
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There are other meets such as the annual AEFES (Alternative Education Festival) which is based in East Sussex UK and is organised by HE children and families. There is also HEFF (Home Educating Families Festival).
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who have never been to school. When a child reaches the age of five parents can choose to register the child at a school or continue to educate the child at home as they have been doing since the child's birth.
32:
The numbers of families retaining direct responsibility for the education of their children has steadily increased since the late 1970s. This increase has coincided with the formation of support groups such as
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Education: Guidelines For Local Authorities and is published by the Department for Education. These guidelines have statutory standing and following these guidelines is obligatory on local authorities.
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announced its own inquiry into the handling of the Badman Review. It criticised both the Department and the Badman Review and made a number of recommendations against the thrust of the original report.
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Just as school is not compulsory, exams and qualifications are not compulsory either. Home educated children often go directly into higher education or vocational courses without first passing through
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Education Committee's report to Parliament), home educators remain wary of and opposed to any additional powers being awarded to local authorities who many see as anti-home education.
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52:. Others prefer to retain a structured school at home approach sometimes referred to as homeschooling (a term more popular in the US) although the terms are often interchanged.
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c. 75) came attempts to formalise and regulate what had been an ad-hoc schooling system. Campaigners to establish a school system such as the
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The evolution of the nursery-infant school: a history of infant and nursery education in Britain, 1800-1970, Nanette Whitbread, Routledge,
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to provide education to pupils who were required to stay on at school due to the raising of the leaving age. The scheme was run by
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239:(various sections) unless the LA already has information that the parents are not delivering a suitable education (section 3.4).
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When published in June 2009, the response was mixed. Balls himself accepted much of the review's recommendations in relation to
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is often termed "elective home education" ("EHE") to signify the independent nature of practice from state provisions such as
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With the growth of the schooling system came fresh theories and philosophies of education such as those of
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Gillard, D. 'The Hadow Reports: an introduction', the encyclopaedia of informal education,
465:"Record numbers of children are now homeschooled, but who's keeping an eye on the parents?"
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Correspondence colleges, latterly online course providers began to make an appearance with
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742:(1995). The Terrace: An Educational Experiment in a State School. London: Freedom Press.
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Joy Baker: Trailblazer for Home-based Education and Personalised Learning, Chris Shute,
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Essays on Education and Kindred Subjects, Introduction by Charles W. Eliot, Dent, 1911
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education in Scotland is governed by the Scottish Government's Statutory Guidance.
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International perspectives on home education : do we still need schools?
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home educators have had to fight back to avoid local authority interference.
1049:"Councils to maintain register of home educated children under proposed law"
1013:"Labour plans to tackle school absence in England with home-school register"
403:
188:, commissioned Graham Badman, the former Director of Children's Services at
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estimated that in summer 2023 some 97,600 children were being homeschooled.
914:"Elective home education: guidelines for local authorities 13 August 2013"
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Home education in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Educating your child at home, Alan Thomas, Harriet Pattison, Continuum,
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Guidance to parents and local authorities on home education in Scotland
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582:"England homeschooling surge could become permanent, data suggests"
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Except where the child is registered at a school for children with
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Overview of the situation of home education in the United Kingdom
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known as The Terrace, with Yorkshire County Council overseen by
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136:. The government had set up consultative committees chaired by
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The Times, Friday, 22 December 1944; pg. 5; Issue 50023; col C
556:"Fears Children Going 'Off-Grid' As Homeschooling Up By 700%"
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where the local authority is charged with providing support.
1094:"Home education - Choosing a school - Welcome to Parentzone"
973:"Elective home education: Departmental guidance for parents"
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which itself would be abandoned as ineffectual in favour of
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Roles and responsibilities of parents and local authorities
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Parents who home educate children to be forced to register
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As of March 2023, there are legislative proposals by both
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The guidelines quote section 7 of The Education Act 1996:
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The twentieth century saw the opening of schools such as
1083:|Getting Permission From the Local Authority in Scotland
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Schedule 1 - Home education, England (draft legislation)
530:"Homeschooling in the UK increases 40% over three years"
513:
Government moves to tighten regulation of home education
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may involve an informal style of education described as
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Fully searchable UK school guide independent and state
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educators. They have done so in their feedback to the
858:"Muslims, home education and risk in British society"
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Children, Schools and Families Committee Press Notice
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Action To Ensure Children’s Education & Welfare
1138:UK government guide: Educating your child at home
1001:|Education Committee's fifth report to Parliament
631:Elementary Education Act, 1870, Introduction XXVI
689:http://www.infed.org/schooling/hadow_reports.htm
1120:| Scotland Statutory Guidance on Home Education
331:advising on matters related to home education.
201:Children, Schools and Families Select Committee
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8:
427:Education (Scotland) Act (1980): Section 30
1412:Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic
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971:UK Department for Education (April 2019).
865:British Journal of Sociology of Education
297:Qualifications, higher education, college
153:later to be dismissed as "bog standard".
1175:Home Education Northern Ireland (HEDNI)
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121:established in 1894 being the oldest.
368:Schoolhouse Home Education Association
329:Schoolhouse Home Education Association
24:education for children with ill-health
1377:Home School Legal Defense Association
7:
898:Ed Balls drops key education reforms
844:Children, Schools and Families Bill
709:Blunkett rejects 'bog standard' tag
580:Adams, Richard (25 January 2024).
528:Issimdar, Mariam (25 April 2018).
463:Myers, Martin (12 December 2017).
438:Rothermel, Paula (20 March 2015).
14:
1047:James, Rhiannon (15 March 2024).
97:who would influence the likes of
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1407:List of homeschooling programmes
791:DCSF Press Release, January 2009
1460:Education in the United Kingdom
1011:Weale, Sally (9 January 2024).
856:Myers, Martin (19 April 2018).
801:Home educators made to register
764:11 June 2009 : Column 44WS
641:Education Act (1996): Section 7
415:Education Act (1996): Section 7
363:Education in the United Kingdom
1386:Global Home Education Exchange
186:Children, Schools and Families
1:
877:10.1080/01425692.2017.1406337
184:, the Secretary of State for
75:Elementary Education Act 1870
830:Queen's Speech: Bill-by-bill
401:Educating your child at home
1417:Single-parent homeschooling
1148:DMOZ Home education listing
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667:. Routledge. p. 161.
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95:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
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946:"Elective home education"
442:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
251:Regulation and monitoring
132:and the establishment of
83:National Education League
1465:Homeschooling by country
318:Organisations and events
147:tripartite school system
58:Department for Education
817:26 January 2010 at the
759:Elective Home Education
661:Morrish, Ivor (2013) .
373:Anti-schooling activism
112:Susan Sutherland Isaacs
108:Caroline Southwood Hill
1251:Homeschool cooperative
1079:19 August 2014 at the
134:The Peckham Experiment
1402:Alternative education
990:|Graham Badman Report
518:Thursday 11 June 2009
151:comprehensive schools
29:education legislation
1317:International status
1246:All-in-one curricula
1163:22 July 2012 at the
664:Education Since 1800
1371:Education Otherwise
1158:Education Otherwise
325:Education Otherwise
190:Kent County Council
145:little more than a
138:William Henry Hadow
119:Wolsey Hall, Oxford
50:autonomous learning
34:Education Otherwise
1438:Schools portal
1170:Wolsey Hall Oxford
278:perverse incentive
142:1944 Education act
1447:
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1272:John Taylor Gatto
1133:Home Education UK
1100:on 1 October 2014
926:on 14 August 2014
79:33 & 34 Vict.
64:England and Wales
46:informal learning
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565:25 December
383:Deschooling
378:Unschooling
42:unschooling
1454:Categories
1218:Philosophy
539:18 October
482:Opting out
389:References
163:Dick Kitto
159:Alec Clegg
130:Dartington
126:Summerhill
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1027:0261-3077
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1032:15 March
901:BBC News
833:BBC News
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601:15 March
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357:See also
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