295:
the more structured and supervised setting. Weekly face to face contact, community-based care and services offered by the VA were encouraged, which is vastly different from the life they were used to before this program. The veterans were tracked for five years and the statistics changed vastly over that time. 72% of participants remained housed after one year (N=282), 60% after two (N=235), 52% after three (N=204), 47% after four years (N=184) and 36% after five years (N=141) (5). Those in the HUD-VASH group has a lower risk of returning to homelessness over the course of five years had an 87% lower risk compared to those in intensive care management only group and 76% compared to those in standard care. The greatest risk factor for returning to homelessness was either due to drugs or due to PTSD. Overall, after five years of follow up, 44% of all participants (N=172) returned to homelessness for at least one day after being successfully placed into housing.
291:
nineteen sites in the country. They were assigned to three groups; one group was given a voucher and intensive case management, one group was given intensive case management only, and one group was given standard care only. Intensive case management included help locating an apartment, while standard care which consisted of short-term broker case management provided by the Health Care for
Homeless Veterans outreach workers. An evaluation assistant conducted follow up interviews every three months for up to five years. Through that they found that individuals in the intensive case management group had lower scores on quality of life which was measured by the Lehman Quality of Life Interview. This is a structured questionnaire to assess the life circumstances of persons with severe and persistent mental illness.
135:. According to the VA in 2011, veterans made up 14% of homeless adult males, and 2% of homeless adult females, and both groups were overrepresented within the homeless population compared to the general population. The overall count in 2012 showed 62,619 homeless veterans in the United States. In January 2013, there were an estimated 57,849 homeless veterans in the U.S., or 12% of the homeless population. Just under 8% were female. In July 2014, the largest population of homeless veterans lived in
381:
portion of veterans experiencing homelessness. In 2019, the HUD-VASH program was able to house more than 11,000 veterans. Overall, since 2008, more than 114,000 veterans experiencing homelessness have been served through the HUD-VASH program. Also, more resources are being implemented to assist with mental health and addiction. As of 2019, more than 78 communities and the entire states of
Connecticut, Delaware and Virginia have effectively ended homelessness among veterans.
235:, Shinseki outlined a comprehensive five-year plan to strengthen the Department of Veterans Affairs and its efforts to end veteran homeless. The goal was to end veteran homelessness by 2015, but because of budget constraints that has now been pushed to 2017. The plan focused on prevention of homelessness along with help for those living on the streets. The plan would expand mental health care and housing options for veterans, and would collaborate with:
203:
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This is the first systemic review to summarize research on risk factors for US veterans experiencing homelessness. They evaluated thirty-one studies from 1987 through 2014. The risk factors that are most common among this population are substance abuse disorders and poor mental health, followed by low income and other income related issues, a lack of support from family and friends, or weak social networks.
216:
housing, the mental health of both groups improved through mental health services offered. However, veterans were reported to make greater use of the outpatient mental health services compared to non-veterans. Both groups also gradually reduced the use of health services once housing was obtained, therefore, this suggests that the program is effective in reducing clinical needs among chronically homeless of adults in general.
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were experiencing street homelessness while TAU served more women and families. Veterans placed in HF were offered services such as social workers, vocational trainers, a housing specialist and access to a psychiatrist. Most importantly, HF would issue a housing voucher at the time of lease signing for pre-inspected apartment
357:, and building permanent housing for others. Advocating for the rights of homeless veterans through policy implementation and recommendations. Throughout the nation, multiple organizations and agencies host "Stand Down" events where homeless veterans are provided items and services; the first of these was held in
274:
The prominent role of the
Department of Veterans Affairs and its joined up approach to veteran welfare help to distinguish the US response to veteran homelessness internationally. In 2009, a hotline was established to assist homeless veterans. As of December 2014, of the 79,500 veterans who contacted
311:
A study by
Montgomery, Hill, Kane and Culhane was a demonstration that was initiated in 2010 and studied the housing methods in the United States for homeless veterans. They evaluated the efficiency of the Housing First (HF) approach compared to a Treatment as Usual (TAU) approach. HF targeted those
215:
Both groups were enrolled in a national supported housing initiative over a one-year period and several differences were noted. The first was that the veterans tended to be from an older age group, identified as male, and were more likely to have completed high school. While in enrolled in supported
303:
To end homelessness among veterans, new resources and program expansions were introduced. One of the goals set by the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Developments Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) is to place veterans experiencing homelessness in permanent housing. A housing first
151:
in terms of military size. As of
January 2017, the state of California had the highest number of veterans experiencing homelessness. There were an estimated 11,472 homeless veterans. The biggest population of homeless veterans, after California, in 2017 lived in Florida - an estimated 2,817, and in
294:
Housing failure is defined as experiencing homelessness for at least one day. Before intake, 43% (n=170) has been homeless between one and six months and 27% (n=105) has experienced homelessness for two years or more. The risk factors are the greatest in the first few months of being housed due to
211:
The needs between veterans and non-veterans experiencing homelessness can differ. A study was implemented by the
Collaborative Initiative to Help End Chronic Homelessness (CICH) in 2004 by the Interagency Council on Homelessness. They used eleven sites around the United States tracked data for one
380:
In
November 2009, Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) Eric K. Shinseki set out the goal of ending veterans experiencing homelessness by 2017. While not all veterans are housed, the current housing initiatives such as the housing first model are ensuring that housing is obtained for a larger
323:
The study found that the HF has the most effective model in accessing permanent housing and has shown efficiency in reducing rates of homelessness with veterans. Compared to TAU, HF was more successful at quickly moving veterans into permanent housing, their moving process took approximately one
290:
A study conducted by O’Connell, Kasprow and
Rosenheck is a secondary analysis of data from the evaluation of the HUD-VASH initiative that began in 1992 to provide housing for veterans with psychiatric disorders. They compared the results of three kinds of interventions with 460 veterans across
307:
Housing first approach works with the HUD supplying housing assistance through a voucher program while the VA provides case management and supportive services through its healthcare system. By having permanent housing, there is a decrease in the usage of shelters, hospitals and correctional
202:
According to a study in 2014, veterans are slightly more likely than non-veterans to be homeless; 9.7% of the general population are veterans, but 12.3% of the homeless population are veterans. These risk factors were found by using the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
333:
1287:
368:
Homes For Heroes is a US for-profit and non-profit company that provides partner-savings to Veterans buying a home, and offers monetary grants to Veterans, and other medical professionals and first-responders buying a home.
587:
Homelessness in America: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session ... January 29,
337:
336:
338:
324:
month while the TAU approach took about six months. The housing retention rate for HF was 98% and 86% for TAU, meaning that those using the HF model were more likely to maintain housing stability.
335:
1924:
2380:
140:
2335:
1295:
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approach has been introduced to help support this initiative. One of the goals of Housing First is the rapid placement of veterans to directly from the streets to a permanent home.
248:
320:, they remained at their current placement, which could sometimes include an emergency shelter, or they were placed in transitional housing or residential treatment programs.
3240:
2923:
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2345:
2304:
346:
259:
602:
423:
372:
Homes For Angels is a Texas program that provides discounted, affordable real estate services to Veterans and other first-responder service professions buying a home.
795:
2799:
2397:
334:
191:
353:
In addition to government provided aid, private charities provide assistance to homeless veterans as well. These include providing some homeless veterans
3235:
2953:
2911:
2299:
1937:
1910:
1268:
342:
166:, a housing voucher program by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development and Veterans Administration, gives out a certain number of
1006:
2823:
2375:
124:
2403:
2340:
697:
Jamison Fargo; Stephen Metraux; Thomas Byrne; Ellen Munley; Ann Elizabeth Montgomery; Harlan Jones; George Sheldon; Dennis Culhane (August 2011).
1728:
2452:
1768:
489:
1804:
1711:
1570:
1043:
965:
681:
654:
479:
240:
275:
the call center, 27% were unable to speak to a counselor, and 47% of referrals led to no support services provided to the homeless veteran.
1674:
139:, with there being over 6,000 homeless veterans, out of the total estimated 54,000 homeless within that area. In 2015, a report issued by
1614:
2901:
2598:
2568:
2365:
894:
316:
which were maintained by a contractor. Veterans in the TAU approach received the standard VA case management services for HUD-VASH. In
3092:
3018:
2649:
2278:
2184:
617:
1917:
1634:
584:
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs (1987).
50:, an anxiety disorder that often occurs after extreme emotional trauma involving threat or injury. Causes of homelessness include:
3046:
2933:
2886:
2419:
2309:
2273:
1933:
568:
244:
35:
1062:
1713: History of Schoharie County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers
3191:
2881:
2217:
983:"U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) Program - Veterans Experiencing Homelessness"
131:
began to be documented in homeless shelters. By 2009 there were 154,000 homeless, with slightly less than half having served in
3161:
2583:
1254:
1454:
1224:
923:
2809:
2573:
2370:
2355:
2245:
1863:
438:
47:
1562:
Heading Home: Breaking the Cycle of Restlessness Among Americas Veterans, a Post-Summit Action Report and Resource Directory
796:"Lessons Learned from the U.S. Department of Labor Grantees: Homeless Female Veterans & Homeless Veterans with Families"
123:
Estimates of the homeless population vary as these statistics are very difficult to obtain. In 2007, the first veterans of
2971:
2588:
2553:
2054:
254:
109:
2255:
806:
3135:
2853:
2593:
2283:
3196:
3166:
3023:
2716:
2250:
2069:
1984:
1196:
2235:
2149:
2114:
1319:"Association of substance use and VA service-connected disability benefits with risk of homelessness among veterans"
2938:
2906:
2445:
2189:
2104:
2099:
2094:
1974:
160:
Many programs and resources have been implemented across the United States in an effort to help homeless veterans.
2154:
2144:
2139:
2119:
3186:
2993:
2874:
2789:
2661:
2159:
2064:
2039:
3125:
3102:
2986:
2918:
2848:
2784:
2265:
2194:
2179:
2109:
2084:
2059:
2049:
2034:
2014:
1979:
1969:
2129:
2074:
1989:
2199:
2174:
2079:
1255:
The Challenges of Measuring Homelessness among Armed Forces Veterans: Service Provider Experiences in England
732:
182:
was constructed to care for disabled veterans, and housed more than a thousand homeless veterans. Other such
3156:
3097:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3051:
2948:
2928:
2838:
2558:
2330:
2314:
2089:
2019:
1999:
1994:
1964:
1954:
1367:"Rates and Risk Factors for Homelessness After Successful Housing in a Sample of Formerly Homeless Veterans"
128:
104:, homeless veterans were among the general homeless population. In 1932, homeless veterans were part of the
2009:
832:
3151:
3120:
3087:
3056:
3003:
2943:
2869:
2804:
2475:
2240:
2134:
2029:
2004:
1959:
1654:
179:
1080:
3216:
3130:
3008:
2981:
2976:
2843:
2752:
2732:
2644:
2438:
2164:
2044:
1522:"Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating the Efficacy of a Housing First Approach to Hud-Vash"
862:
766:
183:
170:
subsidized housing vouchers to eligible homeless and otherwise vulnerable U.S. Armed Forces veterans.
2998:
2768:
2169:
2124:
2024:
858:
762:
728:
2485:
2414:
1010:
167:
308:
facilities. This program is available in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Guam.
2794:
2537:
1288:"VA ignoring homeless vets? Report finds hotline designed to help homeless vets often fails them"
596:
515:
136:
101:
2709:
1587:
1197:"Obama Administration Delays Deadline To End Chronic Homelessness Because Of Budget Constraints"
398:
Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Benefits Assistance.
1902:
1366:
1066:
698:
2694:
2639:
2515:
1800:
1794:
1707:
1701:
1566:
1541:
1484:
1476:
1435:
1394:
1386:
1340:
1153:
1135:
1039:
1033:
961:
953:
677:
650:
564:
475:
417:
212:
year by comparing 162 chronically homeless veterans to 388 chronically homeless non-veterans.
108:. In 1934, there were as many as a quarter million veterans living on the streets. During the
100:
Veteran homelessness in America is not a phenomenon only of the 21st century; as early as the
1560:
671:
644:
469:
2747:
2742:
2679:
2656:
2608:
2578:
2480:
2209:
1533:
1466:
1425:
1378:
1330:
1143:
1125:
187:
117:
1172:
2634:
2505:
2409:
1113:
1007:"An Examination of Waste and Abuse Associated with VA's Management of Land-Use Agreements"
399:
362:
144:
67:
62:
2704:
2689:
2684:
2613:
1796:
The Praeger Handbook of Veterans' Health: History, Challenges, Issues, and Developments
1520:
Montgomery, Ann Elizabeth; Hill, Lindsay L.; Kane, Vincent; Culhane, Dennis P. (2013).
1430:
1413:
1148:
958:
The Complete Guide to Veterans' Benefits: Everything You Need to Know Explained Simply
282:
showed a link between veterans' trauma of mental disorders and their substance abuse.
3229:
2737:
2510:
2500:
1890:
1335:
1318:
1060:
225:
132:
1492:
931:
699:"Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation"
2699:
2629:
2603:
2563:
2461:
2227:
1840:
1588:"RVs for Veterans has found 60 trailers for homeless veterans, but more are needed"
1232:
232:
79:
1317:
Edens, Ellen L.; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Kasprow, Wes; Tsai, Jack (11 August 2011).
446:
585:
558:
541:
17:
2495:
2350:
1821:
354:
120:
In 1987, the number of homeless veterans was as high as three hundred thousand.
1286:
Lauren Gilger; Shawn Martin; Angie Holdsworth; Amanda Kost (11 December 2014).
1231:. United States Department of Veterans Affairs. 3 November 2009. Archived from
1035:
Sing Not War: The Lives of Union and Confederate Veterans in Gilded Age America
1946:
1414:"Psychometric properties of quality of life (QLS) scale : A brief report"
105:
71:
54:
1545:
1480:
1390:
1382:
1139:
2763:
2758:
2490:
1130:
358:
143:
counted over 47,000 homeless veterans nationwide, the majority of whom were
1488:
1439:
1398:
1344:
1157:
982:
1471:
1269:"Despite first lady's vow to end veteran homelessness, VA fails miserably"
228:
spoke at the National Summit on Homeless Veterans and announced his plan.
147:
and male. In 2016, there were over 39,000 homeless veterans nationwide. A
1365:
O'Connell, Maria J.; Kasprow, Wesley; Rosenheck, Robert A. (2008-03-01).
163:
31:
1769:"Denver, VA offer one-stop service events Thursday to help the homeless"
270:
National, state, and local social service providers and community groups
3013:
1729:"Veterans Stand Down helps hundreds of homeless vets, more help Friday"
1537:
113:
83:
2520:
58:
1703:
Community & Public Health Nursing: Promoting the Public's Health
1700:
Judith Allender; Cherie Rector; C, Kristine Warner (26 April 2013).
1521:
2525:
1896:
331:
148:
38:
or living without access to secure and appropriate accommodation.
1615:"Maine lawmakers back aid for homeless veterans' cabins at Togus"
2530:
1173:"News Releases - Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs"
2434:
2430:
1906:
1749:"Stand Down Against Homelessness draws smaller crowd this year"
1675:"Texas A&M students build tiny houses to help the homeless"
863:"The 2015 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"
767:"The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"
882:
EXHIBIT 5.3: Demographic Characteristics of Homeless Veterans
186:
were built throughout the United States, such as the one in
1655:"3 more tiny homes for homeless veterans built in Syracuse"
1455:"Innovative Efforts to Address Homelessness Among Veterans"
857:
Meghan Harvey; Azim Shivji; Tanya de Sousa; Rebecca Cohen;
471:
Down and Out, on the Road: The Homeless in American History
833:"L.A. County's homeless population difficult to quantify"
727:
Alvaro Cortes; Meghan Henry; RJ de la Cruz; Scott Brown;
207:
Supportive housing for veterans compared to non-veterans
618:"How Michigan Got Better at Counting Homeless Veterans"
112:, there were one hundred thousand homeless veterans in
1635:"Campaign to build 300 cottages for homeless Veterans"
1329:(5). American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry: 412–9.
904:. US Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2016
776:. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
742:. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
3179:
3144:
3113:
3065:
3039:
3032:
2964:
2862:
2831:
2822:
2777:
2725:
2672:
2622:
2546:
2468:
2389:
2323:
2292:
2264:
2226:
2208:
1945:
1257:, European Journal of Homelessness, 14(1): 107-122.
805:. Syracuse University. October 2013. Archived from
1706:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 914.
733:"The 2012 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness"
1171:Affairs, Office of Public and Intergovernmental.
1114:"Risk Factors for Homelessness Among US Veterans"
960:. Atlantic Publishing Company. pp. 227–236.
895:"2016 PIT Estimate of Homeless Veterans by State"
643:Judith Blau; Alberto Moncada (30 November 2015).
872:. US Department of Housing and Urban Development
1112:Tsai, Jack; Rosenheck, Robert A. (2015-01-01).
560:Housing reform during the Truman administration
2800:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
1229:Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs
1086:. United States Department of Veterans Affairs
761:Meghan Henry; Dr. Alvaro Cortes; Sean Morris;
708:. United States Department of Veterans Affairs
706:National Center on Homelessness among Veterans
2446:
2398:Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress
1918:
1893:, VA hotline for homeless veterans assistance
1453:O'Toole, Thomas P.; Pape, Lisa (2015-11-01).
224:On November 3, 2009, United States Secretary
190:. These homes became the predecessors of the
8:
924:"California Homelessness Statistics in 2017"
803:Institute for Veterans and Military Families
774:Office of Community Planning and Development
740:Office of Community Planning and Development
601:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
422:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
474:. Oxford University Press. pp. 37–38.
32:persons who have served in the armed forces
3036:
2828:
2669:
2453:
2439:
2431:
1925:
1911:
1903:
1891:National Call Center for Homeless Veterans
1470:
1429:
1334:
1147:
1129:
516:"Homeless War Veterans Span U.S. History"
1858:
1856:
1854:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
928:U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness
445:. University of Maryland. Archived from
260:U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness
125:Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan
2404:Homeless Management Information Systems
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1225:"Remarks by Secretary Eric K. Shinseki"
390:
3241:Veterans' affairs in the United States
1673:Guilfoos, Kristen (16 November 2016).
594:
415:
1899:, A Field Guide for Homeless Veterans
1868:National Alliance to End Homelessness
1841:"Homes For Angels Texas Home Program"
1586:Lambert, Cynthia (30 November 2016).
1219:
1217:
1038:. UNC Press Books. pp. 171–173.
673:Becoming an Effective Policy Advocate
299:Studies of housing first for veterans
7:
1653:Magnarelli, Tom (15 November 2016).
1747:Sausser, Lauren (2 December 2016).
1613:Shepherd, Michael (27 April 2015).
952:Bruce C. Brown (30 December 2013).
286:Housing interventions with veterans
264:State directors of veterans affairs
251:, and Housing and Urban Development
192:Veteran Affairs' medical facilities
46:Many of these veterans suffer from
1323:The American Journal on Addictions
1294:. Phoenix, Arizona. Archived from
1065:. D. Mason & Company. p.
954:"Assistance for Homeless Veterans"
670:Bruce S. Jansson (15 March 2010).
591:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
514:Melissa Block (12 November 2007).
116:, and a quarter of that number in
25:
3236:Homelessness in the United States
2420:State Index on Youth Homelessness
1934:Homelessness in the United States
1727:Knicely, John (1 December 2016).
1633:Nesbitt, Rob (28 November 2016).
1267:Kellan Howell (3 December 2014).
3212:
3211:
2279:Republic of the Marshall Islands
1565:. DIANE Publishing. p. 15.
1559:Marsha A. Martin (1 June 1997).
1336:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00166.x
676:. Cengage Learning. p. 72.
563:. University of Missouri Press.
546:. Commerce Clearing House. 1934.
488:Patrick Markee (27 March 2003).
349:assists at a "Stand Down" event.
1839:Austin Homes, Heart of Austin.
1767:McGhee, Tom (3 November 2016).
1526:Journal of Community Psychology
437:Reeve Vanneman (1 March 2006).
2810:Youth Homelessness Matters Day
2274:Federated States of Micronesia
1459:North Carolina Medical Journal
981:Health, VHA Office of Mental.
616:J.B. Wogan (10 October 2013).
400:"Homeless Veterans - Veterans"
220:Department of Veterans Affairs
48:post traumatic stress disorder
1:
2554:Anti-homelessness legislation
1594:. San Luis Obispo, California
831:Holland, Gale (4 July 2014).
280:American Journal of Addiction
267:Veteran service organizations
255:Small Business Administration
1755:. Charleston, South Carolina
1418:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
1032:James Marten (1 June 2011).
495:. Coalition for the Homeless
2717:Homeless Friendly Precincts
443:Sociology 498: Homelessness
376:Ending veteran homelessness
3257:
1059:William E. Roscoe (1882).
557:Richard O. Davies (1966).
468:Kenneth L. Kusmer (2003).
3209:
3047:Eastern European children
1799:. ABC-CLIO. p. 138.
1793:Thomas W. Miller (2012).
649:. Routledge. p. 41.
278:A study published in the
249:Health and Human Services
2785:Homelessness Action Week
2266:Freely Associated States
2246:Northern Mariana Islands
1681:. College Station, Texas
1383:10.1176/ps.2008.59.3.268
439:"Causes of homelessness"
241:Departments of Education
88:Lack of low cost housing
2882:Latin American children
1845:heartofaustinhomes.com/
1253:Wilding, Mark. (2020).
522:. National Public Radio
129:Operation Iraqi Freedom
2805:Street Child World Cup
2790:Homeless Persons' Week
646:Human Rights: A Primer
490:"War and Homelessness"
350:
180:Sawtelle Veterans Home
2753:Single-room occupancy
2645:Homelessness services
1735:. Seattle, Washington
1472:10.18043/ncm.76.5.311
1412:Gupta, Nitin (2000).
1131:10.1093/epirev/mxu004
1118:Epidemiologic Reviews
1081:"VA History in Brief"
341:
231:Along with President
110:Truman Administration
2972:Bangladeshi children
2769:Transitional housing
2218:District of Columbia
1753:The Post and Courier
1661:. Syracuse, New York
1371:Psychiatric Services
2594:Vulnerability Index
2415:Point-In-Time Count
2381:Relocation programs
2256:U.S. Virgin Islands
1201:The Huffington Post
1011:The American Legion
449:on 29 December 2013
404:www.benefits.va.gov
355:vehicles to live in
184:old soldiers' homes
2795:Homeless World Cup
2390:Homeless Analytics
2341:Housing insecurity
2293:Metropolitan areas
1826:homesforheroes.com
1641:. Swanville, Maine
1538:10.1002/jcop.21554
1013:. 10 February 2015
812:on 15 January 2015
543:Labor Law Reporter
351:
347:Wilson High School
137:Los Angeles County
102:Reconstruction Era
3223:
3222:
3205:
3204:
3175:
3174:
3019:Filipino children
2849:Ghanaian children
2818:
2817:
2695:Four penny coffin
2640:Homeless ministry
2428:
2427:
2336:Encampment sweeps
2284:Republic of Palau
1806:978-0-313-38349-6
1713:978-1-4698-2665-3
1572:978-0-7881-7696-8
1298:on 9 January 2015
1235:on 1 January 2017
1203:. 4 February 2015
1045:978-0-8078-7768-5
967:978-1-60138-702-8
861:(November 2015).
837:Los Angeles Times
731:(November 2013).
683:978-0-495-81239-5
656:978-1-317-25800-1
481:978-0-19-516096-3
339:
91:Government policy
28:Homeless veterans
18:Homeless veterans
16:(Redirected from
3248:
3215:
3214:
3192:Papua New Guinea
3037:
2829:
2748:Right to housing
2743:Rapid Re-Housing
2680:Homeless shelter
2670:
2657:Street newspaper
2609:Social cleansing
2455:
2448:
2441:
2432:
2324:Homeless Related
2210:Federal district
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1822:"For Heroes FAQ"
1817:
1811:
1810:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:. Augusta, Maine
1619:Morning Sentinel
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1517:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1491:. Archived from
1474:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1273:Washington Times
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1133:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
978:
972:
971:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
930:. Archived from
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
899:
891:
885:
884:
879:
877:
867:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
811:
800:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
771:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
737:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
703:
694:
688:
687:
667:
661:
660:
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
613:
607:
606:
600:
592:
581:
575:
574:
554:
548:
547:
538:
532:
531:
529:
527:
511:
505:
504:
502:
500:
494:
485:
465:
459:
458:
456:
454:
434:
428:
427:
421:
413:
411:
410:
395:
363:Vietnam veterans
340:
226:Eric K. Shinseki
118:Washington, D.C.
76:Family breakdown
70:- drug abuse or
21:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3201:
3171:
3140:
3109:
3061:
3028:
2960:
2858:
2814:
2773:
2721:
2710:Women's shelter
2668:
2635:Hygiene program
2618:
2584:Popular culture
2579:Patient dumping
2542:
2506:Street children
2464:
2459:
2429:
2424:
2410:Human Wasteland
2385:
2319:
2310:Minneapolis, MN
2288:
2260:
2222:
2204:
1941:
1931:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1820:Heroes, Homes.
1819:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
980:
979:
975:
968:
951:
950:
946:
937:
935:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
897:
893:
892:
888:
875:
873:
865:
856:
855:
851:
841:
839:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
809:
798:
794:
793:
789:
779:
777:
769:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
735:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
701:
696:
695:
691:
684:
669:
668:
664:
657:
642:
641:
637:
627:
625:
615:
614:
610:
593:
583:
582:
578:
571:
556:
555:
551:
540:
539:
535:
525:
523:
513:
512:
508:
498:
496:
492:
487:
486:
482:
467:
466:
462:
452:
450:
436:
435:
431:
414:
408:
406:
397:
396:
392:
387:
378:
361:, organized by
332:
330:
301:
288:
222:
209:
200:
176:
158:
152:Texas - 2,200.
98:
68:Substance abuse
59:physical injury
44:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3254:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3093:United Kingdom
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2705:Warming center
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Drop-in center
2687:
2685:Cooling center
2676:
2674:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2614:Slum clearance
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Discrimination
2566:
2561:
2559:Bill of Rights
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Cyber-homeless
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Bill of Rights
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:American Samoa
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:South Carolina
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:North Carolina
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:Veterans Guide
1894:
1886:
1885:External links
1883:
1880:
1879:
1850:
1831:
1812:
1805:
1785:
1719:
1712:
1692:
1605:
1578:
1571:
1551:
1532:(4): 505–514.
1505:
1465:(5): 311–314.
1445:
1424:(4): 415–420.
1404:
1377:(3): 268–275.
1350:
1309:
1259:
1246:
1213:
1188:
1163:
1124:(1): 177–195.
1097:
1072:
1051:
1044:
1024:
998:
973:
966:
944:
915:
886:
859:Abt Associates
849:
823:
787:
763:Abt Associates
753:
729:Abt Associates
719:
689:
682:
662:
655:
635:
608:
576:
569:
549:
533:
506:
480:
460:
429:
389:
388:
386:
383:
377:
374:
329:
326:
300:
297:
287:
284:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
257:
252:
221:
218:
208:
205:
199:
196:
175:
172:
157:
154:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
86:
77:
74:
65:
63:mental illness
43:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3253:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3024:Thai children
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:San Francisco
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:United States
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Housing First
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Mental health
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Social orphan
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Street people
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Mental health
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:San Francisco
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2228:Insular areas
2225:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:West Virginia
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:New Hampshire
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Massachusetts
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1660:
1656:
1640:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1495:on 2018-06-05
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
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2476:Aged people
2376:Tent cities
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2251:Puerto Rico
2070:Mississippi
1985:Connecticut
1773:Denver Post
1592:The Tribune
365:, in 1988.
345:cadet from
80:Joblessness
3230:Categories
2939:New Mexico
2907:California
2892:LGBT youth
2824:By country
2346:LGBT youth
2185:Washington
2105:New Mexico
2100:New Jersey
1975:California
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1864:"Veterans"
1778:3 December
1759:3 December
1739:3 December
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1499:2020-05-01
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1207:2016-02-10
1182:2020-11-08
1177:www.va.gov
1090:3 December
1017:3 December
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987:www.va.gov
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816:14 January
780:14 January
746:14 January
712:3 December
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453:14 January
409:2016-12-09
385:References
174:Historical
106:Bonus Army
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3187:Australia
2994:Indonesia
2954:Elsewhere
2875:Vancouver
2778:Awareness
2764:Tent city
2759:Squatting
2623:Responses
2491:McRefugee
2356:Squatting
2195:Wisconsin
2160:Tennessee
2065:Minnesota
2040:Louisiana
1546:0090-4392
1481:0029-2559
1391:1075-2730
1140:0193-936X
622:Governing
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359:San Diego
168:Section 8
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3103:Scotland
2987:children
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2919:Colorado
2897:Veterans
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2486:Families
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2085:Nebraska
2075:Missouri
2060:Michigan
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1990:Delaware
1980:Colorado
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1938:by State
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2020:Indiana
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