360:
425:
two lobes was formed by "pinching" from a dense surrounding material have been disproved, and the bipolar shells are now believed to be caused by concentrated polar outflows of material, with the equatorial skirt formed by breakout of faster ejected material through the thinnest parts of the shells. The ejection of material preferentially along the axis of rotation of the stars, or of the binary orbit, may be due to the rotation of Eta
Carinae A itself resulting in stronger mass loss towards the poles.
296:
469:
onto the line of sight. Assuming an origin in Eta
Carinae's Great Eruption and a constant expansion velocity, this gives the linear distance of the shell from the central star projected along the line of sight. The difference between the reflected line doppler shift velocity and the direct line velocity gives the distance of the shell from the central star, again assuming expansion at constant velocity since the Great Eruption.
456:
2333:
268:
43:
292:
in relatively thin shells concentrated towards the poles. The shells consist of two components, an inner warm region and a more massive outer cool skin. The shells are smooth and thin suggesting they were ejected in as little as five years, but there are streaks of thicker dust detectable within the shells.
291:
The bipolar nebula is angled so that the NW lobe is further away from Earth than the SE lobe is. The whole nebula is expanding so that the SE lobe is blue-shifted and the NW lobe is red-shifted, relative to the central source. The lobes contain the majority of the material in the
Homunculus Nebula,
254:
long. It was measured to be expanding at a rate which was consistent with having originated in an explosion in the mid 19th century. At that time the shape of the nebula showed a central bulge with a single large lump to the northwest and two smaller extensions to the southeast, which was described
424:
The
Homunculus Nebula is a virtually unique structure, believed to result from the extremely young age. This means that the shape and structure is almost entirely due to the original eruption rather than the interaction with surrounding interstellar material. Suggestions that the waist between the
374:
radiation from dust heated by the stars within. Overlaid on this is some light from the stars themselves reflected mostly from dense features within the nebulosity, showing strong visual and UV spectral lines in emission. There are also emission lines from ionised gas where it collides with slower
287:
The equatorial skirt appears to contain material of the same age and younger than the lobes. It contains a much smaller mass of material than the lobes, shining mainly by reflected light which escapes most easily at equatorial latitudes. There is less dust and little molecular hydrogen compared to
307:
Each lobe has polar "hole" although it is not known whether it is an actual gap in the shell of the lobe or just a deep indentation. Surrounding each polar hole is a "trench". The trenches are visible as approximate semicircles centred on the axis of the lobes but may form complete circles. There
350:
are visible primarily in light directly reflected from the Eta
Carinae stars. The blobs are believed to lie near the equatorial plane of the stellar system, but their origin is unclear. Their speed has been measured, but within uncertainties they could have been emitted in the 1890 outburst or a
345:
Early speckle interferometry showed that the central region of the
Homunculus contains four point-like sources, originally designated A1, A2, A3, and A4. The four speckle objects were later referred to as A, B, C, and D. Higher resolution studies showed that only the brightest source A was truly
468:
of the spectral lines at that point, assuming the lobes are symmetrical. There are two different doppler shifts visible in the spectrum: one for direct emission lines; and one for reflected lines from Eta
Carinae A. The direct line doppler shift gives the expansion velocity of the shell project
220:, the nebula consists of gas which was ejected from Eta Carinae during the Great Eruption, which occurred ~7,500 years before it was observed on Earth, from 1838 to 1845. It also contains dust which absorbs much of the light from the extremely luminous central stellar system and re-radiates it as
463:
The
Homunculus and Eta Carinae are assumed to be at approximately the same distance as Trumpler 16 and the Carina Nebula, but the distances to these objects are not known with any great accuracy. Instead, the distance of the Homunculus Nebula itself can be calculated using measurements of its
428:
The thinness of the bipolar shells argues for their ejection within approximately five years. Irregularities in the otherwise very smooth structure of the shells are conjectured to result from interactions between the winds of the two central stars, and from their orbital motion.
472:
Observations of the spectrum of the
Homunculus at a particular angular distance from the central star has shown the actual linear distance of that point from the central star, which defines the distance. Values obtained using this method are around
308:
are other smaller irregular indentations and protrusions to the lobes, which are symmetrical with the same features appearing on each lobe. These include flattened protrusions at about 10° latitude, one on each lobe (labeled "Protrusions" in the
490:
The same calculations also return the inclination of the axis of the
Homunculus relative to the line of sight. This turns out to be 41°, or 49° relative to the plane of the sky, which means it is slightly more "end on" than "side on".
315:
The mass of the nebula cannot be determined directly. However, the amount of dust can be measured fairly accurately and estimates of the gas to dust ratio used to calculate the total mass. The total dust mass is calculated at
394:
The reflected spectrum of the Homunculus lobes varies with position, due to the central star emitting different radiation at different latitudes on its surface. This is the only star for which such an effect can be observed.
330:
of gas are contained in the Homunculus itself. Nearly as much material is detected within outer ejecta, which formed earlier, but within the last thousand years. Older calculations had produced consensus estimates of
283:
long. There is also a ragged equatorial skirt of material which can be seen faintly in deep images at certain wavelengths. The lobes are mostly hollow with the material strongly concentrated towards the poles.
379:
but at lower levels of ionisation due to the lower temperatures of the central stars. The strongest lines are and , similar to those from the stellar winds of the stars themselves, but with narrower profiles.
409:
The Homunculus was ejected in an enormous outburst from Eta Carinae. Light from this event reached Earth in 1841, when Eta Carinae briefly became the second-brightest star in the sky, after
259:. Other observations at around the same time described a strongly orange central region in a larger fainter green nebulosity. One paper described it as looking like a "red spade-beard".
510:
Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars".
370:
The spectrum of the Homunculus is complex, consisting of reflected, thermal, and emission components at wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. The dominant feature is
1242:
243:
In 1914, Eta Carinae was reported to have a faint companion and also to be non-stellar. Observations in 1944 and 1945 showed a somewhat elongated nebulosity around
275:
The Homunculus consists of two lobes, referred to as northwest (NW) and southeast (SE) based on their orientation as seen from Earth. Each is approximately
689:
1235:
351:
1941 event. The situation is complicated further by the likely acceleration of their slow movement due to the intense stellar winds.
829:
Steffen, W.; Teodoro, M.; Madura, T. I.; Groh, J. H.; Gull, T. R.; Mehner, A.; Corcoran, M. F.; Damineli, A.; Hamaguchi, K. (2014).
895:
Smith, Nathan (2006). "The Structure of the Homunculus. I. Shape and Latitude Dependence from H2and Velocity Maps of η Carinae".
375:
moving material or is excited by high energy electromagnetic radiation from the stars. The ionisation emission is similar to a
2365:
2336:
1228:
552:
Abraham, Zulema; Falceta-Gonçalves, Diego; Beaklini, Pedro P. B. (2014). "Η Carinae Baby Homunculus Uncovered by A/km/kmLMA".
2259:
359:
2303:
1203:
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expansion. The velocity of particular locations within the thin shell of the Homunculus lobes can be measured using the
2370:
1267:
973:
Gomez, H. L.; Vlahakis, C.; Stretch, C. M.; Dunne, L.; Eales, S. A.; Beelen, A.; Gomez, E. L.; Edmunds, M. G. (2010).
1804:
949:"Highest Resolution Image of Eta Carinae - VLT Interferometer captures raging winds in famous massive stellar system"
2360:
1344:
155:
1794:
1262:
387:
and emit x-ray radiation. The lobes of the Homunculus emit copious radio waves, including emission in the
2355:
1730:
1251:
607:"Near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the Homunculus nebula around η Carinae using Gemini/CIRPASS"
364:
118:
2179:
1995:
1567:
1105:"A moderately precise dynamical age for the Homunculus of Eta Carinae based on 13 years of HST imaging"
1170:
1126:
1072:
1041:
996:
914:
852:
804:
767:
726:
669:
628:
571:
519:
303:. Carina Nebula (left), Homunculus Nebula (center), and high resolution image of Eta Carinae (right).
2209:
201:
1799:
1116:
1014:
986:
930:
904:
842:
695:
646:
618:
587:
561:
418:
414:
94:
309:
295:
1286:
1157:
Davidson, Kris; Smith, Nathan; Gull, Theodore R.; Ishibashi, Kazunori; Hillier, D. J. (2001).
685:
175:
54:
33:
1178:
1134:
1080:
1045:
1004:
922:
860:
775:
734:
677:
636:
579:
527:
523:
376:
1324:
1304:
171:
61:
25:
1174:
1130:
1076:
1000:
918:
856:
808:
771:
730:
673:
632:
575:
2285:
2277:
1814:
1809:
1032:
Weigelt, G.; Ebersberger, J. (1986). "Eta Carinae resolved by speckle interferometry".
168:
147:
1159:"The Shape and Orientation of the Homunculus Nebula Based on Spectroscopic Velocities"
231:, and within that a shell of shocked material from stellar winds that has been called
2349:
2174:
2059:
1334:
1314:
1018:
1009:
974:
641:
606:
583:
465:
246:
197:
113:
934:
591:
443:. This date is inconsistent with the peaks in brightness and with estimates of the
267:
2094:
1984:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1557:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1319:
1299:
699:
650:
2316:
2089:
2084:
2079:
1965:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1824:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1329:
1309:
681:
455:
404:
300:
204:
185:
179:
73:
2311:
2184:
2054:
2049:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1834:
1829:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
715:"Η Argûs, Magnitude of, in 1914, and the discovery of a close companion to it"
531:
444:
432:
Analysis of the expansion of the nebula has given a time for its formation at
388:
212:
87:
975:"Submillimetre variability of Eta Carinae: Cool dust within the outer ejecta"
739:
714:
605:
Teodoro, M.; Damineli, A.; Sharp, R. G.; Groh, J. H.; Barbosa, C. L. (2008).
2074:
1912:
1575:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1139:
1104:
865:
830:
371:
221:
948:
668:. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 384. pp. 145–169.
1220:
1209:
1200:
346:
stellar, and the other three were small nebular condensations. The three
2243:
2189:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1720:
1715:
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1705:
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1645:
1640:
1635:
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1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1580:
1527:
1517:
1462:
1437:
1367:
1357:
909:
2204:
2199:
2069:
2064:
1854:
1819:
1700:
1680:
1670:
1620:
1590:
1585:
1487:
1294:
192:
42:
421:
disk, all moving outward at up to 670 km/s (1,500,000 mph).
413:; the ejected gas and dust have since obscured much of its light. The
383:
Shock waves at the outer edge of the ejecta are heated to millions of
2228:
2214:
2108:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1864:
1859:
483:
476:
410:
384:
130:
224:(IR). It is the brightest object in the sky at mid-IR wavelengths.
1215:
1183:
1158:
1121:
1085:
1060:
926:
780:
755:
1879:
1874:
1869:
991:
847:
623:
566:
454:
358:
294:
266:
208:
51:
1277:
1059:
Dorland, Bryan N.; Currie, Douglas G.; Hajian, Arsen R. (2004).
439:
1224:
831:"The three-dimensional structure of the Eta Carinae Homunculus"
795:
Thackeray, A. D. (1949). "Nebulosity surrounding eta Carinae".
459:
Homunculus Nebula around Eta Carinae (HST UV and visual image)
312:), with other smaller protrusions near the equatorial skirt.
196:) from Earth. The nebula is embedded within the much larger
979:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
417:
explosion produced two polar lobes, and a large but thin
2302:
2276:
2252:
2236:
2227:
2167:
2116:
2107:
2042:
1994:
1983:
1911:
1787:
1729:
1566:
1343:
1285:
1276:
1061:"Did Carinae's Weigelt Blobs Originate circa 1941?"
143:
139:
129:
124:
112:
104:
93:
82:
72:
60:
49:
24:
16:
Bipolar emission nebula in the constellation Carina
1109:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
835:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
719:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
611:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
363:Ultraviolet image of Homunculus Nebula taken by
664:Smith, Nathan (2012). "All Things Homunculus".
1236:
8:
100:6.21 (-0.8–7.9) (including the central star)
19:
1212:Astronomy Picture of the day (animated GIF)
1152:
1150:
890:
888:
886:
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878:
876:
2299:
2273:
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2113:
1991:
1908:
1282:
1243:
1229:
1221:
323:, leading to estimates that up to 40
41:
1182:
1138:
1120:
1084:
1008:
990:
908:
864:
846:
824:
822:
820:
818:
779:
738:
640:
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547:
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541:
1098:
1096:
666:Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors
499:
78:−59° 41′ 04″
1216:Little Homunculus and Butterfly Nebula
18:
505:
503:
7:
271:A 3D model of the Homunculus Nebula.
178:surrounding the massive star system
227:Within the Homunculus is a smaller
14:
2332:
2331:
1010:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00784.x
756:"Eta Carinae. I. The Nebulosity"
642:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13264.x
447:passage of the secondary star.
2260:Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
480:with a margin of error around
1:
1204:Astronomy Picture of the Day
1268:Carina in Chinese astronomy
1210:Expanding Homunculus Nebula
682:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_7
2387:
1034:Astronomy and Astrophysics
584:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/95
512:Astronomy and Astrophysics
402:
2329:
2298:
2272:
1907:
1258:
897:The Astrophysical Journal
554:The Astrophysical Journal
153:
40:
31:
1163:The Astronomical Journal
1065:The Astronomical Journal
713:Innes, R. T. A. (1914).
125:Physical characteristics
1263:List of stars in Carina
1252:Constellation of Carina
1046:1986A&A...163L...5W
532:10.1888/0333750888/2862
524:2000A&A...355L..27H
105:Apparent dimensions (V)
2366:Carina (constellation)
1103:Smith, Nathan (2017).
740:10.1093/mnras/74.8.697
460:
367:
304:
272:
2180:Finger of God Globule
1971:HD 95086 b (Levantes)
1140:10.1093/mnras/stx1868
866:10.1093/mnras/stu1088
760:Astrophysical Journal
458:
362:
298:
270:
239:Observational history
1201:3D Homunculus Nebula
754:Gaviola, E. (1950).
2304:Astronomical events
1175:2001AJ....121.1569D
1131:2017MNRAS.471.4465S
1077:2004AJ....127.1052D
1001:2010MNRAS.401L..48G
919:2006ApJ...644.1151S
857:2014MNRAS.442.3316S
809:1949Obs....69...31T
772:1950ApJ...111..408G
731:1914MNRAS..74..697I
674:2012ASSL..384..145S
633:2008MNRAS.387..564T
576:2014ApJ...791...95A
21:
2371:Reflection nebulae
1951:HD 63765 b (Yvaga)
461:
368:
305:
273:
95:Apparent magnitude
50:Observation data:
2343:
2342:
2325:
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2294:
2293:
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2222:
2195:Homunculus Nebula
2103:
2102:
1979:
1978:
1903:
1902:
691:978-1-4614-2274-7
310:illustrated model
299:Detailed look on
229:Little Homunculus
176:reflection nebula
165:Homunculus Nebula
161:
160:
34:Reflection nebula
20:Homunculus Nebula
2378:
2361:Emission nebulae
2335:
2334:
2300:
2274:
2234:
2114:
1992:
1909:
1363:T (not variable)
1283:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1124:
1115:(4): 4465–4475.
1100:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1012:
994:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
945:
939:
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912:
910:astro-ph/0602464
903:(2): 1151–1163.
892:
871:
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826:
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792:
786:
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602:
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569:
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507:
486:
479:
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377:planetary nebula
282:
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156:Lists of nebulae
144:Notable features
68:
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22:
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2278:Galaxy clusters
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2219:
2210:IGR J11014−6103
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2038:
1986:
1975:
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1744:63765 (Tapecue)
1725:
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1339:
1300:β (Miaplacidus)
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797:The Observatory
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389:21 cm line
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233:Baby Homunculus
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62:Right ascension
36:
26:Emission nebula
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12:
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5:
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2286:Bullet Cluster
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1195:External links
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:10.1086/319419
1146:
1092:
1086:10.1086/380941
1051:
1024:
985:(1): L48–L52.
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927:10.1086/503766
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781:10.1086/145274
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415:near-supernova
403:Main article:
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2175:Carina Nebula
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466:doppler shift
457:
450:
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420:
416:
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406:
398:
396:
392:
391:of hydrogen.
390:
386:
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378:
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366:
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354:
352:
349:
348:Weigelt Blobs
341:Weigelt Blobs
340:
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313:
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297:
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198:Carina Nebula
194:
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114:Constellation
111:
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71:
65:
63:
59:
56:
53:
48:
44:
39:
35:
30:
27:
23:
2194:
2095:Westerlund 2
1946:OGLE2-TR-L9b
1941:OGLE-TR-211b
1936:OGLE-TR-182b
1931:OGLE-TR-113b
1926:OGLE-TR-132b
1921:OGLE-TR-111b
1206:2014 July 17
1166:
1162:
1112:
1108:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1037:
1033:
1027:
982:
978:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
900:
896:
838:
834:
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763:
759:
749:
722:
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708:
665:
659:
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557:
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471:
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369:
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290:
286:
274:
256:
242:
232:
228:
226:
217:
211:
202:star-forming
164:
162:
135:0.29 ly
2317:GRB 080916C
2090:Trumpler 16
2085:Trumpler 15
2080:Trumpler 14
1966:HD 85628 Ab
1850:OGLE2-TR-L9
1845:OGLE-TR-211
1840:OGLE-TR-182
1825:NGC 3603-A1
1815:Innes' star
1800:CPD−57°2874
1295:α (Canopus)
1169:(3): 1569.
1071:(2): 1052.
953:www.eso.org
841:(4): 3316.
405:Eta Carinae
331:10-15
301:Eta Carinae
288:the lobes.
207:. From the
205:H II region
191:2,300
186:light-years
184:7,500
180:Eta Carinae
86:7,500
74:Declination
2350:Categories
2312:GRB 000131
2185:G290.1-0.8
2055:Carina OB2
2050:Carina OB1
1961:HD 65216 c
1956:HD 65216 b
1913:Exoplanets
1835:NGC 3603-C
1830:NGC 3603-B
1810:1E 1048-59
1795:AWI0005x3s
1122:1709.06210
958:20 October
725:(8): 697.
617:(2): 564.
495:References
445:periastron
419:equatorial
257:Homunculus
218:Little Man
213:homunculus
200:, a large
154:See also:
67:10 45 03.6
2075:Platais 8
1305:ε (Avior)
1019:119295262
992:0911.0176
848:1407.4096
624:0804.0240
567:1406.6297
560:(2): 95.
482:100
475:2.3
438:0.8
399:Formation
372:blackbody
316:0.4
250:wide and
222:infra-red
2337:Category
2229:Galaxies
2190:Hen 2-47
1987:clusters
1721:4325 (z)
1716:4257 (u)
1701:4177 (t)
1696:4164 (t)
1691:4159 (r)
1681:4138 (K)
1676:4114 (s)
1671:4102 (I)
1666:4089 (L)
1661:4025 (M)
1656:3884 (l)
1651:3856 (m)
1646:3825 (h)
1641:3821 (H)
1636:3728 (k)
1631:3696 (g)
1626:3663 (i)
1621:3643 (G)
1616:3598 (b)
1611:3571 (c)
1606:3415 (e)
1601:3414 (e)
1596:3260 (C)
1591:3220 (B)
1586:3159 (D)
1581:2934 (Q)
1576:2435 (N)
1513:V533 (y)
1503:V520 (w)
1493:V448 (O)
1488:V415 (A)
1483:V399 (P)
1478:V382 (x)
1473:V376 (b)
1463:V371 (z)
1458:V357 (a)
1453:V345 (E)
1448:V344 (f)
1443:V343 (d)
1433:V337 (q)
1345:Variable
935:12453761
592:62893264
451:Distance
355:Spectrum
336:☉
328:☉
321:☉
279:wide by
216:meaning
182:, about
172:emission
83:Distance
2205:IC 2448
2200:IC 2220
2109:Nebulae
2070:IC 2714
2065:IC 2602
1855:Sher 25
1820:LHS 288
1171:Bibcode
1127:Bibcode
1073:Bibcode
1042:Bibcode
997:Bibcode
915:Bibcode
853:Bibcode
805:Bibcode
768:Bibcode
766:: 408.
727:Bibcode
700:6275803
670:Bibcode
651:2460614
629:Bibcode
572:Bibcode
520:Bibcode
518:: L27.
193:parsecs
169:bipolar
2215:RCW 49
1895:WR 42e
1890:WR 31a
1885:WR 30a
1865:WR 21a
1860:WR 20a
1423:PP (p)
1040:: L5.
1017:
933:
803:: 31.
698:
688:
649:
590:
434:1847.1
411:Sirius
385:kelvin
365:Hubble
131:Radius
119:Carina
2253:Other
2168:Other
2043:Other
1880:WR 25
1875:WR 24
1870:WR 22
1788:Other
1779:97950
1774:95086
1769:93403
1764:93250
1759:93129
1754:85628
1749:65216
1739:53143
1287:Bayer
1278:Stars
1117:arXiv
1015:S2CID
987:arXiv
931:S2CID
905:arXiv
843:arXiv
696:S2CID
647:S2CID
619:arXiv
588:S2CID
562:arXiv
263:Shape
255:as a
209:Latin
167:is a
55:epoch
52:J2000
2244:3059
2159:3586
2154:3584
2149:3582
2144:3581
2139:3579
2134:3576
2129:3199
2124:2867
2034:3603
2029:3532
2024:3324
2019:3293
2014:3114
2009:2808
2004:2516
1985:Star
1711:4222
1706:4205
1686:4142
1558:V906
1553:V817
1548:V816
1543:V759
1538:V752
1533:V742
1528:V640
1523:V602
1518:V560
1508:V528
1498:V518
1468:V372
1438:V341
960:2016
686:ISBN
174:and
163:The
2237:NGC
2117:NGC
1996:NGC
1179:doi
1167:121
1135:doi
1113:471
1081:doi
1069:127
1038:163
1005:doi
983:401
923:doi
901:644
861:doi
839:442
776:doi
764:111
735:doi
678:doi
637:doi
615:387
580:doi
558:791
528:doi
516:355
477:kpc
252:10″
108:18"
97:(V)
2352::
1731:HD
1568:HR
1428:QZ
1418:OY
1413:IX
1408:HR
1403:GG
1398:EV
1393:CK
1388:BO
1383:AG
1378:RT
1177:.
1165:.
1161:.
1149:^
1133:.
1125:.
1111:.
1107:.
1095:^
1079:.
1067:.
1063:.
1036:.
1013:.
1003:.
995:.
981:.
977:.
951:.
929:.
921:.
913:.
899:.
875:^
859:.
851:.
837:.
833:.
817:^
801:69
799:.
774:.
762:.
758:.
733:.
723:74
721:.
717:.
694:.
684:.
676:.
645:.
635:.
627:.
613:.
609:.
586:.
578:.
570:.
556:.
540:^
526:.
514:.
502:^
487:.
484:pc
440:yr
281:5″
277:7″
235:.
88:ly
1373:Y
1368:U
1358:S
1353:R
1335:ω
1330:χ
1325:υ
1315:θ
1310:η
1244:e
1237:t
1230:v
1187:.
1181::
1173::
1143:.
1137::
1129::
1119::
1089:.
1083::
1075::
1048:.
1044::
1021:.
1007::
999::
989::
962:.
937:.
925::
917::
907::
869:.
863::
855::
845::
811:.
807::
784:.
778::
770::
743:.
737::
729::
702:.
680::
672::
653:.
639::
631::
621::
594:.
582::
574::
564::
534:.
530::
522::
436:±
333:M
325:M
318:M
247:″
245:5
189:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
