292:
987:, English in Hong Kong remains primarily a second language, in contrast to Singapore where English has been shifting toward being a first language. The falling English proficiency of local English language teachers has come under criticism. The proportion of the Hong Kong population who report using English (that is, all forms) as their "usual spoken language" increased from 2.8% in 2006 to 4.3% in 2016, while 51.1%, 63.5% and 65.6% respectively, reported being able to speak, write and read the language.
1067:, it has been classified as in the third phase, that of Nativisation, but more recently it has been shown that many young people are happy to identify themselves as speakers of Hong Kong English, so it may be regarded as progressing into the fourth phase, that of Endonormative Stabilisation. Furthermore, by the criteria identified in the above section, scholars have noted that there is very little literature produced in English which is meant for local consumption.
2112:
2126:
1866:
1076:
compartmentalised in Hong Kong, where the two official languages are seen as having different and distinct uses. Indeed, it has been argued that even
English language teachers in Hong Kong would refuse to acknowledge the local variant of English within a classroom setting, opting instead for more "standard" variations.
1095:
As a result of the colonial legacy, the pronunciation of Hong Kong
English was assumed to be originally based on British English, However, nowadays, there are new features of pronunciation derived from American English, and the influence of American English has emerged. Furthermore, there seem to be
1053:
Hong Kong
English is also featured as a separate entity in the Oxford Guide to World English, under the sub-heading of "East Asia". Hong Kong English is also included as a separate variety of English within the International Corpus of English, with a dedicated local research team collecting data to
1588:
Many
Chinese will speak a foreign language with the same characteristic monosyllabic staccato of spoken Chinese, with varying degrees of the natural liaisons between syllables that natives employ. In a similar vein, they often pronounce syllables as if words were transliterated into Cantonese:
1062:
It has also been argued that there is no such thing as Hong Kong
English and the predominance of recent works discuss Hong Kong phonology in terms of erroneous deviation from varieties such as British and American English. In one co-authored work describing a study conducted of five Hong Kong
1075:
It has been demonstrated that
English spoken in Hong Kong is highly intelligible to listeners from elsewhere, which helps explain why an increasing number of people are happy to be identified as speakers of this variety. However, it has been noted that language use is highly politicised and
1812:
However, Hong Kong has significant
American influence in its treatment of abbreviations and initialisms: the full point is expected in shortened titles (Mr., Ms., Dr., St.), and government honours also retain the full point in post-nominals
1003:
In the literature examining the existence of Hong Kong
English as a distinct variety, scholars have sought evidence of expression of the variant which may be classified according to the following criteria:
518:
594:
7307:
3555:
1063:
speakers of
English, it was concluded, controversially, as they conceded, that HKE was at most an emergent variety and perhaps no more than a "learner interlanguage". In the
511:
916:
1096:
some innovative developments that are unique to Hong Kong
English, such as a split in the realisation of /v/ as or . Some of the more salient features are listed below.
1897:
is the seal or stamp of a corporation (it actually originates from colonial Indian English). It is now used in some other Commonwealth countries as a non-official term.
890:
3050:
1697:
if any contrast exists in Cantonese. This is because English voiceless consonants are most often aspirated, whereas the voiced ones are always unaspirated. The stop
3550:
2924:
Sewell, Andrew (2017). "Pronunciation Assessment in Asia's World City: Implications of a Lingua Franca Approach in Hong Kong". In Isaacs T.; Trofimovich P. (eds.).
3658:
504:
3500:
2092:), for red envelopes bearing auspicious Chinese phrases or characters containing money and handed out as gifts, particularly during the Lunar New Year festival.
1177:
In final consonant clusters, just as with many other varieties of English, there is a tendency for simplification, so the plosive at the end of words such as
4086:
3929:
3073:
1526:
and unstressed syllables. In most varieties of English, unstressed syllables are reduced, taking less time. This difference is smaller in Hong Kong English.
3535:
3203:
3227:
7402:
6375:
3330:
3257:
3101:
2500:"Concord Patterns with Collective Nouns in Hong Kong English. With Illustrative Material from the International Corpus of English (Hong Kong Component)"
3378:
3139:
5981:
4130:
3683:
3565:
558:
3395:
1365:
in most variants of the English language, it is usually pronounced in Hong Kong English, with the second syllable stressed instead of the first.
1809:
spellings are in common use, although the British variant predominates in official circles, and remains the officially taught form in education.
3830:
3668:
3355:
2711:
Hansen Edwards, J. G. (2016). "The Politics of Language and Identity: Attitudes Towards Hong Kong English pre and post the Umbrella Movement".
984:
909:
3298:
980:
materials. Major businesses routinely issue important material in both Chinese and English, and all road and government signs are bilingual.
7452:
7237:
2633:
1963:
1445:
1242:
is only pronounced before a vowel. However, with the growing influence of American English, many young people in Hong Kong now pronounce the
821:
7472:
6545:
6430:
4148:
1193:
from word-final clusters has been reported to occur in about 76% of tokens, though this frequency is a little less if the function words
6953:
7058:
3919:
3706:
3169:
2933:
2601:
2479:
995:
The existence of Hong Kong English, as a distinct variety of the English language, is still a matter of debate among many scholars.
965:
902:
6857:
4079:
3648:
3412:
7503:
7105:
6901:
4178:
3810:
3560:
1018:
619:
304:
2236:
Glenwright, Phil (2005). "Grammar Error Strike Hard: Language Proficiency Testing of Hong Kong Teachers and the Four 'Noes'".
7422:
6862:
6368:
3744:
3678:
3623:
3323:
2067:
2059:
1938:
1911:
1079:
It has been argued that the lack of recognition of Hong Kong English as a variety on par with other Asian varieties, such as
2288:
7462:
7155:
7117:
3805:
3570:
3530:
3525:
3505:
3042:
1235:
1873:
Some words and phrases widely understood in Hong Kong are rare or unheard of elsewhere. These often derive from Chinese,
7508:
7457:
7110:
6930:
6747:
6568:
5211:
4271:
4006:
3969:
3866:
3598:
3400:
1064:
651:
599:
431:
1732:
Merging voiceless/voiced consonants into voiceless if there is no contrast in aspirated/unaspirated in Cantonese. Both
6833:
6823:
6421:
6388:
6384:
4126:
4072:
3835:
3777:
3485:
2169:
2149:
873:
716:
383:
1136:
has . It seems that occurs at the start of a stressed syllable while occurs at the start of an unstressed syllable.
7417:
7132:
6990:
6401:
3739:
3540:
3510:
3480:
579:
2992:
7513:
7397:
6923:
6881:
6852:
6784:
6752:
6361:
5120:
4275:
3989:
3944:
3884:
3861:
3815:
3545:
3515:
3490:
3316:
2897:
Hansen Edwards, J. G. (2016). "Sociolinguistic Variation in Asian Englishes: The Case of Coronal Stop Deletion".
2773:
Chan, J. Y. H. (2013). "Contextual Variation and Hong Kong English: Contextual Variation and Hong Kong English".
339:
3198:
1050:
Using these criteria, scholars have said that Hong Kong English possesses the attributes of a distinct variety.
7122:
7076:
6975:
6948:
6913:
6808:
6679:
5601:
5140:
5105:
4206:
3899:
3772:
3663:
3653:
3520:
3263:
3233:
3175:
3145:
3106:
3078:
721:
314:
7334:
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6985:
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6302:
5996:
5254:
5165:
5047:
5042:
4036:
4031:
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3693:
3628:
3588:
2097:
2039:
1946:
1919:
451:
368:
238:
106:
96:
86:
2684:
Kirkpatrick, A.; Deterding, D.; Wong, J. (2008). "The International Intelligibility of Hong Kong English".
291:
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7031:
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6697:
6575:
6025:
5842:
5524:
4349:
4344:
4315:
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3939:
3924:
3825:
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3711:
3701:
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3608:
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1115:
1105:
1028:
973:
846:
831:
553:
482:
477:
373:
20:
2820:
Sewell, Andrew (2009). "World Englishes, English as a Lingua Franca, and the case of Hong Kong English".
7447:
7367:
7232:
7127:
6840:
6774:
6528:
6518:
6513:
6314:
6290:
6013:
5976:
4474:
4021:
4011:
3934:
3914:
3909:
3840:
3580:
3442:
3373:
2189:
1011:; research has demonstrated the existence of, and local preference for, a local Hong Kong English accent
841:
492:
436:
378:
121:
7440:
6188:
940:. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's
6353:
6869:
6762:
6702:
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6553:
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3954:
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3820:
3787:
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3731:
3495:
3365:
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1814:
1523:
977:
969:
487:
472:
446:
392:
193:
4569:
2082:
7467:
7297:
7289:
7187:
7150:
7036:
7021:
6896:
6886:
6813:
6652:
6274:
6254:
6018:
5945:
5646:
5631:
5616:
5596:
5591:
5002:
4231:
4153:
3889:
3716:
3613:
3593:
3407:
2179:
2164:
2144:
1084:
1037:; there is a growing corpus of literature produced in English which is meant for local consumption.
945:
801:
696:
671:
666:
661:
584:
401:
353:
348:
173:
163:
6219:
2805:
Hung, T. N. (2007). "Innovation in Second Language Phonology". In T. Hoffmann; L. Siebers (eds.).
2406:
Bolton, Kingsley (2000). "The Sociolinguistics of Hong Kong and the Space for Hong Kong English".
1783:
Confusion between homographs (words with the same spelling but different meanings), e.g. the noun
7357:
7324:
7259:
7242:
7097:
6918:
6465:
6455:
5991:
5925:
5874:
5827:
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5501:
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4326:
4095:
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3437:
3432:
3427:
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3417:
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2939:
2837:
2728:
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2334:
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2218:
1818:
866:
851:
816:
656:
563:
441:
421:
416:
363:
101:
91:
5626:
4236:
1031:
used to communicate between traders in Canton before the establishment of Hong Kong as a colony.
7362:
7347:
7319:
7071:
7053:
7008:
6757:
6533:
6497:
6198:
5858:
5732:
5677:
5569:
5477:
5472:
5429:
5351:
5082:
5062:
4987:
4964:
4737:
4619:
4589:
4431:
4422:
4374:
4364:
4211:
3904:
3767:
3618:
3390:
2929:
2928:. Vol. 107. Bristol: Multilingual Matters / Channel View Publications. pp. 237–255.
2629:
2597:
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2049:
1933:
1878:
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957:
941:
836:
811:
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411:
278:
7482:
7435:
7387:
7314:
7222:
7212:
7207:
7197:
7043:
7016:
6874:
6794:
6739:
6637:
6619:
6606:
6443:
6438:
6269:
6264:
6234:
6193:
6173:
6062:
6057:
6001:
5971:
5920:
5817:
5809:
5682:
5662:
5611:
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5539:
5534:
5529:
5487:
5482:
5464:
5312:
5302:
5206:
5155:
5150:
5125:
5052:
4745:
4722:
4717:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4599:
4539:
4464:
4407:
4402:
4387:
4158:
4109:
3984:
3949:
3894:
3749:
3643:
3383:
2966:
2906:
2877:
2869:
2829:
2782:
2720:
2693:
2658:
2566:
2554:
2511:
2452:
2423:
2415:
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2326:
2245:
2131:
2117:
1806:
1490:
1455:
1342:
1303:
Vowel reduction is often avoided in function words, so a full vowel occurs in words such as
1234:
Like many accents in Britain, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, Hong Kong English is
933:
826:
806:
796:
771:
766:
756:
741:
736:
701:
676:
636:
539:
406:
233:
116:
111:
2860:
Deterding, D.; Wong, J.; Kirkpatrick, A. (2008). "The Pronunciation of Hong Kong English".
1955:) is a term used in the early 20th century for a live-in servant (from Macanese/Portuguese
1928:) is a term used in the early 20th century for a business executive of a large corporation.
7352:
7254:
7192:
7162:
7145:
6970:
6845:
6666:
6642:
6614:
6585:
6558:
6523:
6410:
6249:
6239:
6229:
6178:
6168:
6042:
5915:
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5905:
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5784:
5779:
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5737:
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5712:
5702:
5672:
5636:
5586:
5549:
5514:
5454:
5434:
5414:
5379:
5364:
5359:
5282:
5221:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5135:
5027:
4997:
4946:
4921:
4906:
4880:
4875:
4855:
4840:
4785:
4727:
4712:
4707:
4692:
4687:
4632:
4564:
4544:
4479:
4454:
4382:
4359:
4261:
4226:
4221:
4196:
4168:
4163:
3782:
2013:
2010:
1802:
1139:
There is alternation between and , and the same speaker may alternate with words such as
856:
786:
751:
731:
711:
686:
456:
426:
78:
1824:
When referring to the same thing, British vocabulary is more commonly used, for example:
2943:
2034:
7427:
7342:
7302:
7202:
7026:
6779:
6684:
6674:
6590:
6392:
6259:
6203:
6183:
5986:
5951:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5837:
5789:
5727:
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5692:
5554:
5544:
5509:
5419:
5384:
5369:
5317:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5216:
5160:
5130:
5110:
5100:
5095:
5072:
4992:
4977:
4972:
4941:
4916:
4901:
4896:
4865:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4775:
4750:
4697:
4609:
4594:
4559:
4529:
4524:
4504:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4412:
4397:
4339:
4334:
4241:
4201:
4186:
2100:
professor Lisa Lim stated that some of the words, by that year, had declined in usage.
1204:
1080:
761:
746:
691:
589:
222:
198:
188:
168:
1998:
is a concrete or stone-lined canal or a reinforced creek bed used to contain run-off.
270:
7497:
7477:
7392:
7048:
6965:
6906:
6818:
6769:
6647:
6629:
6244:
6118:
6094:
6037:
5866:
5799:
5757:
5742:
5667:
5519:
5424:
5297:
5292:
5145:
5057:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5007:
4982:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4911:
4870:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4780:
4770:
4765:
4755:
4702:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4604:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4554:
4534:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4469:
4459:
4444:
4439:
4392:
4354:
4256:
4246:
2732:
2697:
2670:
2338:
2265:
2077:
1888:
861:
178:
126:
2841:
1268:
Long and short vowels are generally merged, particularly involving the close vowels
6980:
6828:
6707:
6224:
6089:
6052:
5752:
5717:
5707:
5687:
5559:
5439:
5404:
5394:
5389:
5374:
5262:
5186:
5090:
5067:
4760:
4627:
4549:
4499:
4449:
4251:
4191:
3258:"Add oil! The evolution of Hong Kong English, and where our unique words come from"
1874:
1729:
becomes (except when preceded by s, where the English consonants are unaspirated).
1636:
1620:
781:
229:
3017:
2724:
2662:
1021:, clearly show a shared common vocabulary used among English speakers in Hong Kong
2649:
Hansen Edwards, J. G. (2015). "Hong Kong English: Attitudes, Identity, and Use".
2591:
2048:), an exclamatory entreaty of encouragement. The usage became popularised by the
6135:
6111:
6084:
6074:
6047:
6032:
6008:
5832:
5409:
5332:
5327:
5287:
5017:
4041:
2957:
Setter, Jane (2006). "Speech Rhythm in World Englishes: The Case of Hong Kong".
2587:
2280:
2249:
1974:
is a cashier, in a hospital, a government office or a car park (parking garage).
1694:
1043:; reference texts describing Hong Kong English are beginning to emerge, such as
358:
183:
69:
2125:
6891:
6163:
6101:
6079:
5449:
5322:
4051:
2833:
2330:
2107:
1674:
1671:
1612:
2755:
Hung, T. N. (2012). "Hong Kong English". In E. L. Low; Azirah Hashim (eds.).
2257:
6448:
6140:
6128:
6123:
6067:
5399:
4216:
4138:
3979:
3339:
2456:
2419:
2392:
2365:
2154:
1981:
1865:
1682:
1616:
961:
937:
263:
251:
49:
2910:
2873:
2570:
1383:
are generally pronounced with its stressed form with a lower pitch, e.g.
6475:
6106:
2159:
1536:
In Cantonese, there is no structure of diphthong+consonant. As a result,
1522:
Compared to other varieties of English, there is less difference between
1330:
322:
310:
3299:"The cat got your mother tongue? – The Brits make a linguistic comeback"
2978:
2926:
Second Language Pronunciation Assessment: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
2443:
Bolton, Kingsley; Lim, Shirley (2000). "Futures for Hong Kong English".
2222:
2210:
7412:
7407:
7217:
6563:
6490:
6485:
6145:
3140:"Where did the word 'godown' come from? India, most probably via Malay"
2882:
2786:
2516:
2499:
2428:
2317:
Pang, Terence T. T. (2003). "Hong Kong English: A Stillborn Variety?".
2029:
1902:
791:
318:
1665:
are often reflected in the transliteration of the words; for example,
1249:
There is often little distinction between the non-close front vowels,
6480:
6460:
4064:
3959:
2970:
2352:
Hung, Tony T. N. (2000). "Towards a Phonology of Hong Kong English".
1994:
1027:; a continuous link can be drawn between Hong Kong English and early
1219:
is , just as in London English (Cockney). After back rounded vowels
2211:"From the Imperial to the Empirical: Teaching English in Hong Kong"
1864:
1415:
1335:
1333:
words are often differently stressed. For example, while the word
2472:
A Dictionary of Hong Kong English: Words from the Fragrant Harbor
1045:
A Dictionary of Hong Kong English: Words from the Fragrant Harbor
4046:
4016:
59:
6357:
5242:
4301:
4068:
3312:
2757:
English in Southeast Asia: Features, Policy and Language in Use
2379:
Benson, Phil (2000). "Hong Kong Words: Variation and Context".
3228:"How 2014 Hong Kong protests popularised the phrase 'add oil'"
2531:
1990:. The ultimate origins were traced to the Indian subcontinent.
1448:, and some variation in the placement of stress. For example,
2287:. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
1496:
1461:
3308:
3043:"Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Government Departments"
2993:"Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Government Departments"
1985:
1583:, the ending consonant is generally omitted, resulting in .
1508:
1476:
1470:
1357:
3102:"Where the word 'shroff' came from, and its many meanings"
1499:
1464:
321:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1821:), whereas British English no longer uses the full point.
1351:
1611:
Differences or omission in ending sounds, as the ending
1311:
as well as the first syllable of content words such as
1211:
in the coda of a syllable is often pronounced as , and
2557:(1982). "English in Hong Kong: Functions and status".
1600:
Exaggeration of certain final consonants, for example
1418:
tends to be pronounced as in final closed syllables;
1764:
are never confused, due to difficulty in pronouncing
1502:
1467:
1284:
are both pronounced with a short tense ) as well as
1511:
1505:
1479:
1473:
1354:
1348:
7380:
7333:
7288:
7268:
7180:
7096:
7089:
7007:
6939:
6793:
6738:
6727:
6720:
6665:
6628:
6605:
6544:
6506:
6429:
6420:
6409:
6400:
6283:
6212:
6156:
5960:
5898:
5851:
5808:
5770:
5655:
5577:
5568:
5500:
5463:
5350:
5341:
5253:
5179:
5081:
4963:
4889:
4736:
4618:
4430:
4421:
4373:
4325:
4314:
4290:
4270:
4177:
4125:
4118:
4102:
3875:
3849:
3796:
3730:
3692:
3579:
3466:
3364:
2807:
World Englishes: Problems, Properties and Prospects
1493:
1458:
1368:Omission of entire "r-" syllables in longer words;
1345:
277:
261:
249:
244:
219:
156:
75:
65:
55:
45:
30:
3256:
3226:
3197:
3168:
3138:
2626:Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World
1593:is pronounced as based on its transliteration;
2470:Cummings, Patrick J.; Wolf, Hans-Georg (2011).
1185:is often omitted. Deletion of coronal plosives
2809:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 227–237.
2759:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 113–133.
1956:
6369:
4080:
3324:
2590:; Wong, Cathy S.P.; Chan, Brian H.S. (2010).
2238:Journal of Language, Identity & Education
2080:", or "red packets", or by the Mandarin term
1886:
1395:. Words beginning with the stressed syllable
1379:Words beginning with the unstressed syllable
910:
512:
8:
2493:
2491:
1054:describe the usage of English in Hong Kong.
2800:
2798:
2796:
2768:
2766:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2058:, a transliteration of the Cantonese term (
1608:sounds of the past-tense form of verbs to .
1058:Evidence suggesting variant not established
16:English language as it is used in Hong Kong
7403:Comparison of American and British English
7272:
7093:
6801:
6735:
6724:
6426:
6417:
6406:
6376:
6362:
6354:
5574:
5347:
5250:
5239:
4427:
4322:
4311:
4298:
4294:
4122:
4087:
4073:
4065:
3331:
3317:
3309:
3290:"Hong Kong's English, Cantonese conundrum"
2855:
2853:
2851:
1756:become ; the only exception might be that
917:
903:
530:
519:
505:
330:
290:
27:
2881:
2628:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2596:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2515:
2474:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2427:
3170:"Why Hong Kong has 'nullahs' not drains"
3127:Cassell Giant Paperback Dictionary, 1994
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2002:entered the English language from Hindi.
1796:American/British spelling and word usage
960:in Hong Kong – the other being Chinese (
3684:Special administrative regions of China
3074:"Where does the word 'chop' come from?"
2201:
1446:vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
1065:Dynamic Model of Postcolonial Englishes
999:Evidence suggesting variant established
882:
628:
607:
571:
545:
538:
464:
391:
338:
333:
315:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
19:For more background on this topic, see
2582:
2580:
1623:) in Cantonese with the exceptions of
3214:– via South China Morning Post.
2532:"The International Corpus of English"
2032:', direct translation of the Chinese
891:Teaching English as a second language
334:Demographics and culture of Hong Kong
7:
7473:Non-native pronunciations of English
3053:from the original on 19 October 2018
2291:from the original on 8 October 2018
1265:may be pronounced the same (with ).
3206:from the original on 3 August 2020
2279:Census and Statistics Department.
1155:may have either or at the start.
14:
2698:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2008.00573.x
2124:
2110:
1861:Hong Kong vocabulary/expressions
1489:
1454:
1341:
1087:, is due to a lack of research.
1009:Standard and recognisable accent
3384:Bao'an County and Xin'an County
3225:Lim, Lisa (11 September 2016).
2072:
2044:
1951:
1924:
1201:are excluded from the analysis.
1071:Intelligibility and recognition
7423:English-based creole languages
3679:Sino-British Joint Declaration
3516:Country parks and conservation
2088:
2081:
2063:
2009:
1942:
1915:
1519:in other varieties of English.
1:
7463:List of English-based pidgins
3202:. HK Magazine. 15 July 2016.
2725:10.1080/13488678.2016.1139937
2663:10.1080/13488678.2015.1049840
2017:") is sometimes used to mean
7458:Linguistic purism in English
3199:"What Exactly Is a "Jetso"?"
2209:Eoyang, Eugene Chen (2000).
1961:'nurse'); now supplanted by
1035:Literature using the variant
944:and the influence of native
6559:London & Thames Estuary
3100:Lim, Lisa (17 March 2017).
2250:10.1207/s15327701jlie0403_2
2170:Code-switching in Hong Kong
2150:Regional accents of English
1893:is a seal or stamp, e.g. a
874:List of dialects of English
7530:
7418:English as a lingua franca
3288:Caryn Yeo, (23 Feb 2009).
3255:Lim, Lisa (24 June 2015).
3167:Lim, Lisa (26 June 2017).
3137:Lim, Lisa (10 June 2017).
3072:Lim, Lisa (28 July 2016).
2498:Wong, May Lai-Yin (2013).
1433:is generally pronounced ;
1246:in the coda of a syllable.
580:English as a lingua franca
18:
7398:Broad and general accents
7308:regional and occupational
7275:
7141:
7067:
6804:
6693:
6325:
6298:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
5249:
5238:
4310:
4297:
3346:
2834:10.1017/S0266078409000066
2624:Schneider, E. W. (2007).
2331:10.1017/S0266078403002037
2285:2016 Population By-census
2033:
1887:
1670:
301:
289:
40:
35:
3900:Cheung Chau Bun Festival
3664:One country, two systems
3556:Public parks and gardens
3501:Buildings and structures
3476:Administrative divisions
3264:South China Morning Post
3234:South China Morning Post
3176:South China Morning Post
3146:South China Morning Post
3107:South China Morning Post
3079:South China Morning Post
2944:10.21832/j.ctt1xp3wcc.17
2145:Phonemic differentiation
2076:), also referred to as "
1681:Merging the contrast of
1170:, for instance, becomes
942:British colonial history
6295:Northern (Beijing) Sign
3022:Estate Agents Authority
2457:10.1111/1467-971X.00191
2420:10.1111/1467-971X.00179
2393:10.1111/1467-971X.00185
2366:10.1111/1467-971X.00183
2098:University of Hong Kong
1957:
1641:Pronouncing the silent
1017:; local media, such as
534:Part of a series on the
369:Hong Kong identity card
239:Unified English Braille
7504:Languages of Hong Kong
6576:Received Pronunciation
4304:Sino-Tibetan languages
3712:Food and Health Bureau
3536:Islands and peninsulas
2911:10.1075/eww.37.2.02han
2874:10.1075/eww.29.2.03det
2185:Languages of Hong Kong
2175:Education in Hong Kong
2140:Chinese Pidgin English
1986:
1870:
1015:Distinctive vocabulary
956:English is one of two
822:San Andrés–Providencia
554:English-speaking world
465:Other Hong Kong topics
303:This article contains
21:Languages of Hong Kong
6770:Multicultural Toronto
3935:Hong Kong nationalism
3920:Heritage conservation
3443:Handover of Hong Kong
2571:10.1075/eww.3.1.04kan
2190:Hong Kong English pop
1869:Nullah Road, Mong Kok
1868:
1649:sounds in words like
1223:is often omitted, so
976:, as well as in most
652:Antiguan and Barbudan
296:Location of Hong Kong
122:International English
6931:Western Pennsylvania
3047:Civil Service Bureau
2997:Civil Service Bureau
1787:(a CV) and the verb
1422:is pronounced , and
932:is a variety of the
559:As a second language
194:Early Modern English
7509:Dialects of English
7468:Mid-Atlantic accent
7059:Trinidad and Tobago
6338:NM = Inner Mongolia
3649:Legislative Council
3551:Mountains and peaks
3413:Japanese occupation
3408:Battle of Hong Kong
2180:Hong Kong Cantonese
2165:Macanese Portuguese
1487:, as distinct from
1441:is pronounced etc.
1207:is common, so dark
1085:Singaporean English
964:) – and is used in
946:Hong Kong Cantonese
174:Proto-West Germanic
164:Proto-Indo-European
6991:Pennsylvania Dutch
5875:Formosan languages
4096:Languages of China
2899:English World-Wide
2862:English World-Wide
2787:10.1111/weng.12004
2559:English World-Wide
2517:10.13092/lo.37.514
1871:
1854:real estate broker
1669:is transliterated
1597:is pronounced as .
1452:may be pronounced
958:official languages
364:Hong Kong resident
102:North Sea Germanic
7491:
7490:
7376:
7375:
7176:
7175:
7085:
7084:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6924:Pacific Northwest
6785:Standard Canadian
6716:
6715:
6661:
6660:
6601:
6600:
6351:
6350:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5871:
5863:
5766:
5765:
5496:
5495:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5229:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4286:
4285:
4062:
4061:
3669:Political parties
3624:Foreign relations
3356:Index of articles
3294:The Straits Times
2635:978-052-183-140-6
2593:Hong Kong English
2555:Richards, Jack C.
2534:. The ICE Project
2504:Linguistik Online
2050:Umbrella Movement
1984:. From the Malay
1830:garbage/trash can
1772:: many pronounce
1158:Words with final
1118:tends to be , so
1108:tends to be , so
930:Hong Kong English
927:
926:
600:Linguistic purism
585:European language
529:
528:
329:
328:
311:rendering support
307:phonetic symbols.
132:Hong Kong English
36:Hong Kong English
31:Hong Kong English
7521:
7514:City colloquials
7388:English language
7273:
7094:
7077:Falkland Islands
6976:General American
6949:African-American
6802:
6736:
6725:
6427:
6418:
6407:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6355:
6307:
5877:
5869:
5861:
5575:
5348:
5251:
5240:
4428:
4323:
4312:
4299:
4295:
4123:
4110:Standard Chinese
4089:
4082:
4075:
4066:
3950:Lion Rock Spirit
3925:Hong Kong orchid
3753:
3526:Land reclamation
3511:Cities and towns
3333:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3201:
3194:
3188:
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3185:
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3172:
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3128:
3125:
3119:
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3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2971:10.2307/40264307
2954:
2948:
2947:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2791:
2790:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2737:
2736:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2692:(3–4): 359–377.
2681:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2206:
2134:
2132:Languages portal
2129:
2128:
2120:
2118:Hong Kong portal
2115:
2114:
2113:
2090:
2085:
2074:
2065:
2046:
2037:
2016:
1989:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1926:
1917:
1892:
1877:, or Portuguese/
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1689:consonants with
1677:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:and unreleased (
1607:
1603:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1437:is pronounced ,
1411:are pronounced .
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1291:
1287:
1275:
1271:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1222:
1210:
1192:
1188:
1165:
1161:
1132:may have while
1128:may be or , so
1127:
1117:
1107:
934:English language
919:
912:
905:
722:Falkland Islands
540:English language
531:
521:
514:
507:
331:
294:
285:
273:
254:
234:English alphabet
225:
81:
28:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7487:
7372:
7329:
7284:
7264:
7172:
7168:Solomon Islands
7137:
7081:
7063:
6995:
6986:New York Latino
6961:American Indian
6941:
6935:
6796:
6789:
6730:
6712:
6698:Channel Islands
6689:
6657:
6624:
6597:
6540:
6502:
6412:
6396:
6382:
6352:
6347:
6321:
6301:
6279:
6208:
6152:
5963:
5956:
5882:
5862:(Indo-European)
5847:
5804:
5762:
5651:
5564:
5492:
5459:
5337:
5245:
5244:Other languages
5226:
5175:
5106:Central Tibetan
5077:
4951:
4885:
4732:
4614:
4417:
4369:
4317:
4306:
4282:
4266:
4173:
4114:
4098:
4093:
4063:
4058:
4007:Public holidays
3871:
3867:Sex trafficking
3845:
3792:
3751:
3726:
3694:Public services
3688:
3599:Chief Executive
3589:National anthem
3575:
3462:
3360:
3342:
3337:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
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3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
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3036:
3026:
3024:
3016:
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3011:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2959:TESOL Quarterly
2956:
2955:
2951:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2859:
2858:
2849:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2775:World Englishes
2772:
2771:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2740:
2713:Asian Englishes
2710:
2709:
2705:
2686:World Englishes
2683:
2682:
2678:
2651:Asian Englishes
2648:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2445:World Englishes
2442:
2441:
2437:
2408:World Englishes
2405:
2404:
2400:
2381:World Englishes
2378:
2377:
2373:
2354:World Englishes
2351:
2350:
2346:
2316:
2315:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2106:
1863:
1798:
1533:
1492:
1488:
1457:
1453:
1426:is pronounced .
1344:
1340:
1326:
1162:add long vowel
1102:
1093:
1073:
1060:
1041:Reference works
1001:
993:
954:
923:
572:Advanced topics
525:
432:Public holidays
309:Without proper
297:
283:
269:
250:
237:
226:
221:
215:
159:
152:
82:
79:Language family
77:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7527:
7525:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7496:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7430:
7428:Englishisation
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7337:
7335:Southeast Asia
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7250:South Atlantic
7247:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7230:
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7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
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7115:
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7113:
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7091:
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7074:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7032:Cayman Islands
7029:
7024:
7019:
7013:
7011:
7005:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6945:
6943:
6942:ethno-cultural
6937:
6936:
6934:
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6744:
6742:
6733:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6634:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6534:Stoke-on-Trent
6531:
6526:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6441:
6435:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6393:Modern English
6383:
6381:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6358:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6332:HK = Hong Kong
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:Hong Kong Sign
6296:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6011:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5968:
5966:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5878:(Austronesian)
5872:
5870:(Austronesian)
5864:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5354:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5048:Southern Qiang
5045:
5043:Northern Qiang
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Honours system
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Communications
3775:
3773:Stock Exchange
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3391:British colony
3388:
3387:
3386:
3379:Imperial China
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3305:(12 June 2008)
3296:
3284:
3283:External links
3281:
3278:
3277:
3247:
3217:
3189:
3159:
3129:
3120:
3092:
3064:
3034:
3009:
2984:
2965:(4): 763–782.
2949:
2934:
2916:
2905:(2): 138–167.
2889:
2868:(2): 148–175.
2847:
2812:
2792:
2762:
2738:
2719:(2): 157–164.
2703:
2676:
2657:(3): 184–208.
2641:
2634:
2616:
2602:
2576:
2545:
2523:
2487:
2480:
2462:
2451:(3): 429–443.
2435:
2414:(3): 265–285.
2398:
2387:(3): 373–380.
2371:
2360:(3): 337–356.
2344:
2302:
2271:
2244:(3): 201–226.
2228:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2121:
2105:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2068:Cantonese Yale
2053:
2026:
2003:
1991:
1975:
1968:
1929:
1898:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1822:
1810:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:(to continue).
1781:
1748:become ; both
1740:become ; both
1730:
1717:stays as but
1709:stays as but
1701:stays as but
1679:
1678:(pronounced ).
1639:
1609:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1568:becomes etc.
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1444:There is less
1442:
1427:
1412:
1377:
1372:becomes , and
1366:
1339:is pronounced
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1301:
1300:are the same).
1266:
1247:
1232:
1215:may be while
1205:L-vocalisation
1202:
1175:
1156:
1137:
1123:
1113:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1081:Indian English
1072:
1069:
1059:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1000:
997:
992:
989:
953:
950:
925:
924:
922:
921:
914:
907:
899:
896:
895:
894:
893:
885:
884:
880:
879:
878:
877:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
847:South Atlantic
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
631:
630:
626:
625:
624:
623:
610:
609:
605:
604:
603:
602:
597:
592:
590:Modern English
587:
582:
574:
573:
569:
568:
567:
566:
561:
556:
548:
547:
543:
542:
536:
535:
527:
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
467:
466:
462:
461:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
396:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
384:Right of abode
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
343:
342:
336:
335:
327:
326:
313:, you may see
299:
298:
295:
287:
286:
281:
275:
274:
267:
259:
258:
255:
247:
246:
245:Language codes
242:
241:
227:
223:Writing system
220:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
199:Modern English
189:Middle English
169:Proto-Germanic
162:
160:
157:
154:
153:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
85:
83:
76:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
46:Native to
43:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7526:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7448:International
7446:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7128:Torres Strait
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7006:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6864:
6863:North-Central
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6841:New York City
6839:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6775:Ottawa Valley
6773:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6569:Multicultural
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6543:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Black Country
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6519:West Midlands
6517:
6515:
6514:East Midlands
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6379:
6374:
6372:
6367:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6343:
6341:XJ = Xinjiang
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5843:Western Yugur
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:Eastern Yugur
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:Small Flowery
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5255:Austroasiatic
5252:
5248:
5241:
5237:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:List of roads
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Fire services
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Air pollution
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3304:
3303:The Economist
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3251:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3218:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2935:9781783096848
2931:
2927:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:English Today
2816:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2617:
2605:
2603:9780748635979
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:Luke, K. K.;
2549:
2546:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2481:9789888083305
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:English Today
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:"Main Tables"
2275:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2078:red envelopes
2075:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:special offer
2020:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1731:
1725:becomes and
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1638:
1635:, similar to
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1571:For the case
1570:
1569:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1484:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1283:
1279:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1091:Pronunciation
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
998:
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842:South African
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127:Asian English
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107:Anglo-Frisian
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87:Indo-European
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26:
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7279:
7233:South Africa
7228:Sierra Leone
6981:Miami Latino
6870:Philadelphia
6858:Inland North
6763:Newfoundland
6581:West Country
6395:by continent
6329:GX = Guangxi
6317:
6315:Tibetan Sign
6305:
6291:Chinese Sign
6157:Creole/Mixed
6026:Southeastern
6014:Southwestern
5977:Northeastern
5962:Varieties of
4143:
3990:Demographics
3885:Architecture
3862:Prostitution
3644:Legal system
3634:Independence
3546:Marine parks
3302:
3293:
3268:. Retrieved
3262:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3232:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3192:
3180:. Retrieved
3174:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3144:
3132:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3105:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3046:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3021:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:
2987:
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2952:
2925:
2919:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2865:
2861:
2828:(1): 37–43.
2825:
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2756:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2689:
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2679:
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2650:
2644:
2625:
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2592:
2588:Setter, Jane
2562:
2558:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2526:
2507:
2503:
2471:
2465:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2325:(2): 12–18.
2322:
2318:
2293:. Retrieved
2284:
2274:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2214:
2204:
2095:
2087:
2071:
2055:
2043:
2022:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1977:
1971:
1962:
1950:
1932:
1923:
1907:
1901:
1895:company chop
1894:
1875:Anglo-Indian
1872:
1853:
1850:estate agent
1849:
1845:
1842:mobile phone
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1788:
1784:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1637:Basel German
1594:
1590:
1449:
1438:
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1049:
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1034:
1029:pidgin forms
1024:
1014:
1008:
1002:
994:
982:
955:
929:
928:
871:
832:Sierra Leone
340:Demographics
302:
262:
131:
25:
7358:Philippines
7151:New Zealand
7037:Bay Islands
7017:The Bahamas
6940:Social and
6897:New Orleans
6814:New England
6708:Isle of Man
6653:Port Talbot
6554:East Anglia
6471:Northumbria
5823:Fuyu Kyrgyz
5622:Tai Hongjin
5308:Muak Sa-aak
4042:Anglosphere
3654:LGBT rights
3396:1800s–1930s
3374:Prehistoric
3018:"About EAA"
2883:10072/42146
2429:10356/96202
1852:instead of
1844:instead of
1836:instead of
1828:instead of
1826:rubbish bin
1695:unaspirated
1621:glottalised
1615:are always
1429:The suffix
1401:competition
1374:temperature
1147:, and both
802:New Zealand
697:Cameroonian
672:Bay Islands
667:Bangladeshi
359:Hongkongers
317:instead of
184:Old English
158:Early forms
70:Hongkongers
7498:Categories
7298:Bangladesh
7290:South Asia
7243:Cape Flats
7193:The Gambia
7118:Aboriginal
6954:vernacular
6919:California
6892:High Tider
6887:Appalachia
6748:Aboriginal
6680:South-West
6524:Birmingham
6481:Sunderland
6466:Manchester
6456:Lancashire
6344:XZ = Tibet
6335:MC = Macau
6275:Zhangzhung
6019:Sichuanese
5946:Vietnamese
5343:Hmong-Mien
5222:Waxianghua
5003:Khroskyabs
4291:Indigenous
4179:Prefecture
4154:Portuguese
4052:Sinosphere
4037:Visual art
4032:Television
3955:Literature
3758:Employment
3752:(currency)
3717:Healthcare
3629:Government
3561:Reservoirs
3057:19 October
3002:19 October
2215:Profession
2196:References
2040:Sidney Lau
1947:Sidney Lau
1920:Sidney Lau
1846:cell phone
1721:becomes ;
1713:becomes ;
1705:becomes ;
1651:Green-wich
1613:consonants
1564:becomes ,
1560:becomes ,
1556:becomes ,
1552:becomes ,
1548:becomes ,
1544:becomes ,
1540:becomes ,
1409:compromise
1385:connection
1370:difference
1324:Intonation
1236:non-rhotic
1019:newspapers
983:Since the
978:government
952:Background
948:speakers.
936:native to
872:see also:
867:Zimbabwean
852:Sri Lankan
817:Philippine
657:Australian
642:Anguillian
452:Visual art
447:Literature
7363:Singapore
7325:Sri Lanka
7280:Hong Kong
7106:variation
7098:Australia
7009:Caribbean
6875:Baltimore
6758:Lunenburg
6703:Gibraltar
6620:Highlands
6498:Yorkshire
6461:Liverpool
6255:Tocharian
6189:Qoqmončaq
6141:Cantonese
6095:Shaojiang
6068:Hainanese
5997:Zhongyuan
5992:Jiao-Liao
5926:Esperanto
5828:Ili Turki
5535:Khamnigan
5400:Kiong Nai
5171:Zitsadegu
4149:Mongolian
4139:Cantonese
3980:Ngai jong
3940:Languages
3798:Transport
3783:The Hongs
3745:Companies
3702:Education
3639:Judiciary
3609:Elections
3604:Districts
3594:Basic Law
3468:Geography
3340:Hong Kong
2781:: 54–74.
2733:220288635
2671:220291575
2565:: 47–61.
2339:145090545
2266:144687817
2258:1534-8458
2217:: 62–74.
2155:Chinglish
1982:warehouse
1925:daai baan
1776:as , and
1691:aspirated
1683:voiceless
1617:voiceless
1450:chocolate
1393:condition
1376:becomes .
962:Cantonese
938:Hong Kong
837:Singapore
812:Pakistani
777:Malaysian
707:Caribbean
682:Bermudian
647:Antarctic
616:Phonology
608:Phonology
595:Loanwords
483:Geography
478:Education
374:Languages
264:Glottolog
252:ISO 639-3
66:Ethnicity
50:Hong Kong
7483:Standard
7453:Learning
7441:Nerrière
7432:Globish
7348:Malaysia
7320:Pakistan
7260:Zimbabwe
7188:Cameroon
7022:Barbados
6753:Atlantic
6721:Americas
6638:Abercraf
6607:Scotland
6586:Cornwall
6507:Midlands
6491:Teesside
6486:Tyneside
6476:Pitmatic
6439:Cheshire
6385:Dialects
6199:Tangwang
6179:Macanese
6174:Lingling
6107:Northern
6090:Northern
6053:Southern
5972:Mandarin
5899:Minority
5859:Sarikoli
5772:Tungusic
5733:Naxi Yao
5678:Cao Miao
5602:Ningming
5502:Mongolic
5478:Dzao Min
5473:Biao Min
5430:Qo Xiong
5425:Pingtang
5121:Dongwang
5063:Tshobdun
4988:Guiqiong
4590:Sangkong
4365:Muangphe
4327:Mondzish
4281:numerous
4272:Counties
4119:Regional
4103:Official
4022:Shopping
4012:Religion
3915:Graffiti
3910:Gambling
3806:Airlines
3674:Protests
3659:Military
3581:Politics
3571:Villages
3531:Harbours
3506:Channels
3204:Archived
3051:Archived
3027:18 April
2979:40264307
2842:54170922
2538:10 March
2295:10 March
2289:Archived
2223:25595704
2160:Singlish
2104:See also
2096:In 2015
2073:laih sih
2019:discount
1879:Macanese
1838:elevator
1807:American
1663:Beck-ham
1659:Chat-ham
1604:to and
1524:stressed
1331:syllable
1227:is and
1100:Segments
985:Handover
972:and the
970:business
966:academia
883:Teaching
827:Scottish
807:Nigerian
792:Namibian
772:Malawian
767:Liberian
757:Jamaican
742:Gustavia
737:Ghanaian
702:Canadian
677:Belizean
637:American
629:Dialects
493:Politics
437:Shopping
379:Religion
323:Help:IPA
271:hong1245
92:Germanic
7413:Engrish
7408:E-Prime
7381:Related
7368:Vietnam
7353:Myanmar
7223:Nigeria
7218:Namibia
7208:Liberia
7090:Oceania
7072:Bermuda
7044:Jamaica
6971:Chicano
6809:Midland
6795:United
6731:America
6667:Ireland
6643:Cardiff
6615:Glasgow
6564:Cockney
6444:Cumbria
6422:England
6413:Britain
6389:accents
6270:Xianbei
6265:Tuyuhun
6235:Old Yue
6213:Extinct
6194:Sanqiao
6085:Central
6075:Eastern
6058:Hokkien
6002:Lan-Yin
5982:Beijing
5964:Chinese
5921:Russian
5683:Chadong
5663:Ai-Cham
5632:Tai Nüa
5617:Tai Dón
5612:Tai Dam
5570:Kra-Dai
5540:Monguor
5530:Kangjia
5488:Kim Mun
5483:Iu Mien
5405:Luobohe
5395:Huishui
5375:Guiyang
5352:Hmongic
5313:Palaung
5303:Man Met
5207:Longjia
5156:Ladakhi
5151:Kyirong
5141:Khalong
5126:Drugchu
5083:Tibetic
5053:Shixing
4965:Qiangic
4746:Alingpo
4738:Nisoish
4723:Yangliu
4718:Xuzhang
4648:Laizisi
4643:Kuamasi
4638:Kua-nsi
4620:Lisoish
4600:Tsukong
4540:Laomian
4465:Baihong
4432:Hanoish
4423:Loloish
4408:Lhao Vo
4403:Chashan
4388:Xiandao
4375:Burmish
4318:Burmese
4276:Banners
4232:Tai Nüa
4159:Tibetan
4144:English
3970:Museums
3905:Cuisine
3877:Culture
3850:Society
3826:Ferries
3821:Cycling
3811:Airport
3788:Tourism
3763:Hawkers
3750:Dollar
3732:Economy
3521:Ecology
3496:Beaches
3366:History
3351:Outline
3210:23 July
2609:30 June
2089:hóngbāo
2060:Chinese
2056:Lai see
2030:Add oil
1939:Chinese
1912:Chinese
1903:Tai-Pan
1803:British
1667:Beckham
1655:Bon-ham
1591:Cameron
1439:package
1435:message
1389:consent
1120:whether
1025:History
857:Ugandan
787:Myanmar
732:Gambian
717:England
712:Cornish
687:British
620:History
564:History
488:History
473:Economy
412:Cuisine
393:Culture
319:Unicode
117:English
41:English
7436:Gogate
7343:Brunei
7255:Uganda
7238:accent
7213:Malawi
7181:Africa
7156:accent
7111:accent
7054:Samaná
7027:Bequia
6846:accent
6819:Boston
6797:States
6780:Quebec
6740:Canada
6729:North
6685:Ulster
6675:Dublin
6591:Dorset
6449:Barrow
6411:Great
6402:Europe
6250:Tangut
6240:Rouran
6230:Khitan
6220:Ba–Shu
6184:Maojia
6169:Hezhou
6080:Puxian
6063:Teoswa
5948:(Kinh)
5916:Kyrgyz
5911:Korean
5906:Kazakh
5810:Turkic
5795:Oroqen
5785:Manchu
5780:Evenki
5748:Qabiao
5738:Ong Be
5723:Maonan
5713:Lakkja
5703:Jiamao
5673:Buyang
5637:Tai Ya
5627:Tai Lü
5587:Bouyei
5579:Zhuang
5560:Torgut
5515:Buryat
5465:Mienic
5455:Younuo
5435:Raojia
5415:Pa-Hng
5410:Mashan
5380:Hm Nai
5365:Bu-Nao
5360:A-Hmao
5283:Bumang
5202:Jingpo
5197:Derung
5192:Caijia
5166:Zhongu
5136:Gserpa
5028:Namuyi
4998:Japhug
4947:Zauzou
4922:Namuyi
4907:Kucong
4881:Zokhuo
4876:Thopho
4856:Phupha
4841:Phukha
4786:Khlula
4728:Zibusi
4713:Toloza
4708:Sonaga
4693:Mangdi
4688:Lolopo
4633:Hlersu
4570:Phana’
4565:Nuomei
4545:Laopin
4480:Bukong
4455:Angluo
4383:Achang
4360:Mondzi
4262:Zhuang
4237:Tai Lü
4227:Kazakh
4222:Kyrgyz
4207:Korean
4197:Bouyei
4169:Zhuang
4164:Uyghur
3985:People
3960:McDull
3895:Comics
3890:Cinema
3722:Police
3614:Emblem
3566:Rivers
3270:7 June
3240:7 June
3182:7 June
3152:7 June
3113:6 June
3085:7 June
2977:
2942:
2932:
2840:
2731:
2669:
2632:
2600:
2478:
2337:
2264:
2256:
2221:
2070::
2062::
2045:ga yau
2042::
2000:Nullah
1995:Nullah
1987:gudang
1978:Godown
1972:shroff
1964:helper
1949::
1941::
1922::
1914::
1908:taipan
1819:G.B.S.
1815:G.B.M.
1789:resume
1785:resume
1687:voiced
1531:Others
1424:carpet
1420:ticket
1405:common
1329:Multi-
1317:patrol
1313:accept
1225:school
1172:Joysee
1153:number
991:Status
974:courts
797:Nepali
762:Kenyan
747:Indian
727:Fijian
692:Brunei
546:Topics
407:Comics
402:Cinema
354:Health
349:Census
112:Anglic
56:Region
7478:Plain
7393:Basic
7315:Nepal
7303:India
7203:Kenya
7198:Ghana
7163:Palau
7123:South
6966:Cajun
6907:Texas
6902:Older
6882:South
6853:North
6829:Maine
6648:Gower
6630:Wales
6546:South
6431:North
6260:Tuoba
6204:Wutun
6119:Xiang
6112:Auish
6038:Hakka
5987:Ji-Lu
5952:Wakhi
5941:Uzbek
5936:Tuvan
5931:Tatar
5852:Other
5838:Salar
5790:Nanai
5728:Mulam
5693:Gelao
5656:Other
5555:Santa
5550:Ordos
5545:Oirat
5510:Bonan
5450:Xixiu
5420:Pa Na
5385:Hmong
5370:Gejia
5318:Riang
5278:Bugan
5273:Bolyu
5268:Blang
5217:Tujia
5180:Other
5161:Tseku
5146:Khams
5131:Groma
5111:Choni
5101:Basum
5096:Baima
5073:Zhaba
4993:Horpa
4978:Choyo
4973:Baima
4942:Sanie
4917:Naruo
4902:Katso
4897:Gokhy
4890:Other
4866:Samei
4861:Phuza
4851:Phupa
4846:Phuma
4836:Phowa
4831:Phola
4826:Phala
4821:Nuosu
4776:Bokha
4751:Alugu
4698:Micha
4610:Yiche
4595:Suobi
4560:Nuobi
4530:Kaduo
4525:Kabie
4505:Habei
4495:Duota
4490:Duoni
4485:Cosao
4413:Zaiwa
4398:Lashi
4350:Mango
4345:Manga
4340:Maang
4335:Kathu
4316:Lolo-
4242:Zaiwa
4212:Qiang
4202:Tujia
4187:Hmong
4027:Sport
4000:Youth
3995:Women
3975:Music
3965:Media
3857:Crime
3841:Taxis
3816:Buses
3740:Banks
3541:Lakes
3486:Areas
3458:2020s
3453:2010s
3448:2000s
3438:1990s
3433:1980s
3428:1970s
3423:1960s
3418:1950s
2975:JSTOR
2940:JSTOR
2838:S2CID
2729:S2CID
2667:S2CID
2510:(1).
2335:S2CID
2262:S2CID
2219:JSTOR
2006:Jetso
1980:is a
1801:Both
1595:basic
1581:/aɪk/
1577:/aɪt/
1573:/aɪn/
1566:/eɪl/
1562:/oʊk/
1558:/eɪk/
1554:/aʊn/
1550:/oʊn/
1546:/ɔɪn/
1542:/eɪm/
1538:/eɪn/
1416:schwa
1399:e.g.
1336:latte
1257:, so
1238:, so
1179:think
1168:Joyce
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