230:
or enjoyed by the governors and stewards, and brethren of the fellowship of the hoast-men of town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or by the ancient fellowship, guild or fraternity, commonly called hoast-men, for or concerning the selling, carrying, lading, disposing, shipping, venting or trading of or for any sea-coals, stone-coals or pit-coals, forth or out of the haven and river of Tyne; or to any grant made by the said governor and stewards, and brethren of the fellowship of the said hoast-men, to the late Queen Elizabeth, of any duty or sum of money to be paid for or in respect of any such coals as aforesaid: nor to any grants, letters patents or commission, heretofore granted, or hereafter to be granted, of, for or concerning the licensing of the keeping of any tavern or taverns, or selling, uttering, or retailing of wines to be drunk or spent in the mansion house or houses, or other place in the tenure or occupation of the party or parties so selling or uttering the same or for or concerning the making of any compositions for such licenses, so as the benefit of such compositions be reserved and applied to and for the use of his Majesty, his heirs or successors, and not to the private use of any other person or persons.
136:. Coal became by far the most valuable local commodity. As with other traded items, coal could only move through the city of Newcastle if its buying and selling were handled by the town's burgesses. The Hostmen had formed a group within the Company of Merchant Adventurers of Newcastle to exploit this monopoly. In practice, the Hostmen owned the "keels", large boats that were used to transfer the coal from the riverbank to the waiting colliers that were moored downstream. The men who worked these boats were known as "
22:
98:, which was owned by the priory. In 1267 the mayor of Newcastle, Nicholas Scott attacked North Shields with a band of merchants, setting fire to several buildings. In 1290 the burgesses petitioned the King regarding North Shields and succeeded in suspending the export of coal, as well as other trade, from the new settlement. Henceforth, North Shields remained solely as a fishing port. In 1350
195:
tax on every chaldron (wagonload) of coal shipped from the Tyne. The charter allowed an exclusive body of electors, in practice the
Hostmen, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses of the town. In 1600, 240,000 tons of coal were shipped from the Tyne, 20 times more than the tonnage produced by the
102:
granted a licence to the
Newcastle burgesses to excavate coal from Forth Banks and the Town Moor area. From 1446, shipments of coal from North Shields were permitted, but in 1530 a royal act confined all shipments of coal to Newcastle quayside, thereby giving the Newcastle burgesses the monopoly they
123:
in 1539, the coal deposits fell into private hands and the restrictions on output disappeared. The yearly rate of extraction increased from approximately 15,000 tons prior to the
Reformation, to 162,000 in 1603, to 239,000 in 1609 and to 425,000 in 1634, nearly all for export from the Tyne. Coal was
229:
XII. Provided also, and be it enacted, That this act, or any declaration, provision, penalty, forfeiture, or other thing before mentioned, shall not extend or be prejudicial to any use, custom, prescription, franchise, freedom, jurisdiction, immunity, liberty, or privilege, heretofore claimed, used
182:
to two
Newcastle merchants, Henry Anderson and William Selby, who in turn apportioned them to the leading Hostmen. This became known as the "Grand Lease", and the Hostmen came to be known as the "Lords of Coal", as they now controlled both production and export of this commodity. In 1590 the lord
327:
coal traders by claiming their charter rights and imposing a shilling tax on all coals exported from
Sunderland. The Newcastle monopoly continued until between 1700 and 1750 the coal production increased to such an extent that non-Hostmen businessmen were drawn in. This seriously weakened the
313:
ended in 1648, the
Royalist burgesses were replaced by Parliamentarian sympathisers who proved just as anxious to maintain Newcastle's trading monopoly as their predecessors. In 1655, Ralph Gardiner of Chirton accused the Corporation of "tyranny and oppression" after he was imprisoned for
164:
and its surrounding area from the bishopric of Durham. This would have allowed the
Newcastle burgesses to mine for coal on Gateshead land. The plan was foiled by the death of Edward and the downfall of Dudley. The Newcastle burgesses made a similar attempt in 1576 during the reign of
264:
into
Scotland, the anti-royalist London merchants encouraged the invading Scots to capture Newcastle. This they did in 1640, totally disrupting the export of coal. The Scottish army remained in Newcastle for a year and charged the Corporation a regular fee for billeting its troops.
89:
granted
Newcastle the right to elect a mayor and also to form trade guilds. These guilds sought to ensure that trade in various commodities was concentrated in Newcastle. The desire of the Newcastle burgesses to monopolise trade on the Tyne led to a dispute with the Prior of
207:
The tightly knit Hostmen, with their cartel and control of the Tyne, now controlled the coal production business. They had capital and economies of scale on their side. Few local coal entrepreneurs could survive if they were not members of the Company of Hostmen. The
69:. They were so known from the medieval practice of "hosting", whereby local businessmen provided visiting merchants with accommodation and introduced them to local traders. The Hostmen acted as middlemen with whom the coal producers and those who shipped the coal to
177:
Towards the end of the 16th century, the Hostmen began to buy up leases in the Tyneside coalfield until they soon had a near total monopoly of the production of coal. This move was aided in 1583 when Queen Elizabeth leased the ex-palatinate mines of Gateshead and
322:
The Civil War had allowed the River Wear to emerge as a competitor of the Tyne for coal exports. By 1660 the Tyne coal trade had recovered but was now only a third greater than the Wearside production. At this time the Newcastle Hostmen clashed with the
259:
ship-owners were outraged and resolved to boycott Tyneside coal. As a result, the price of coal rose and the royal revenues dropped. Charles was forced to cancel the Hostmen's monopoly. When the Scots rose in 1639 against Charles' introduction of the
314:
contravening the monopoly of the Bakers and Brewers Company of Newcastle by brewing in North Shields, and unsuccessfully petitioned Parliament to abolish the regulations forcing traders to deal through Newcastle.
119:. The monasteries leased out land for mining but generally set limits on the rate of extraction so as to keep the price high. This meant that the production of coal stayed at a constant level. After the
255:, in an attempt to raise revenue, doubled the tax on Tyneside coal in return for allowing the Hostmen to regulate production and set the price of the coal. The London coal importers and the
552:
527:
191:
In 1600 the Company of Hostmen was incorporated through a charter granted by Elizabeth I. This gave them exclusive rights to trade coal in the Tyne in return for a one-
500:
480:
513:
140:". The keelmen led a very precarious existence, being paid casually, and they were regarded with distrust by the Hostmen with whom they were often in dispute.
821:
153:
831:
746:
716:
688:
590:
487:
297:, but not enough coal was available from those sources to replace that shipped from Newcastle. In October 1644, Scottish troops
436:
392:
120:
116:
647:
791:
285:
forces blockaded the Tyne river to prevent them exporting coal, cutting supplies to London. To ease this situation
212:
in 1621 included the Newcastle Hostmen in a list of monopolists who should have their privileges revoked, but the
368:
341:
324:
412:
361:
310:
274:
630:, ed. F.W. Dendy, with a detailed introduction and preface by the editor. There were supplements in 1931.
328:
strength of the Hostmen and they would never again have such a stranglehold on the north-east coal trade.
183:
mayor of London complained that the regulation of coal exports from the Tyne was unfairly raising prices.
166:
157:
112:
610:
385:
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234:
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99:
571:
520:
252:
149:
836:
597:
34:
769:
298:
63:
742:
712:
684:
826:
458:
103:
desired. This reinforced a medieval monopoly granted by Henry I, which was still in place.
623:
306:
197:
86:
763:
302:
47:
43:
815:
95:
42:, is a company incorporated by royal charter of 22 March 1599/1600. Analogous to a
765:
An Impartial History of the Town and County of Newcastle Upon Tyne and Its Vicinity
429:
419:
402:
375:
348:
256:
506:
1669–1674 Ralph Jennison (Sheriff of Northumberland 1660, Mayor of Newcastle 1668)
21:
226:
Nor to the liberties of Newcastle-upon-Type, nor to licences of keeping taverns;
85:, the burgesses of Newcastle tried to gain a monopoly over its export. In 1216,
309:
for two years, levying taxes from the coal trade to pay their costs. After the
201:
82:
81:
From the time in the mid-13th century when coal began to be exported from the
59:
282:
278:
238:
217:
161:
91:
793:
Extracts from the Records of the Company of Hostmen of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
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Extracts from the Records of the Company of Hostmen of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
294:
192:
179:
133:
209:
137:
125:
66:
277:
began in August 1642, most of the Newcastle burgesses sided with the
129:
70:
51:
115:, most of the north-eastern coal deposits were in the hands of the
28:
of the Company of Hostmen of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as remade in 1649
20:
50:, it still exists. It is best known to economic historians as a
55:
54:
of businessmen who formed a monopoly to control the export of
648:"The Incorporated Company of Hostmen of Newcastle upon Tyne"
124:
exported to London and other parts of England, but also to
473:
1655 -1659 Robert Shafto (Sheriff of Northumberland 1653)
336:
The following is a list of governors from 1600 to 1800 .
94:
regarding the shipment of coal from nearby settlement of
567:
1701–1704 Matthew White (Mayor of Newcastle 1691, 1703)
583:
1712–1715 Matthew White (Mayor of Newcastle 1691, 1703)
542:
1688 Sir William Creagh, knt. (Mayor of Newcastle 1687)
536:
1686 Sir Henry Brabant, knt (Mayor of Newcastle 1685)
451:
1641 Nicholas Cole (Bt Mayor of Newcastle 1640, 1641)
408:
1613 Francis Anderson (Mayor of Newcastle 1601, 1612)
398:
1611 Francis Anderson (Mayor of Newcastle 1601, 1612)
354:
1602 Francis Anderson (Mayor of Newcastle 1601, 1612)
586:
1716–1714 Richard Ridley (Mayor of Newcastle (1713)
425:
1617 James Clavering (Mayor of Newcastle 1607, 1618)
381:
1608 James Clavering (Mayor of Newcastle 1607, 1618)
493:
1665 Sir Francis Liddell, (Mayor of Newcastle 1664)
470:1653–1654 Leonard Carr (Sheriff of Newcastle 1636)
464:1645 Sir Lyonel Maddison (Mayor of Newcastle 1617)
454:1642–1643 Leonard Carr (Sheriff of Newcastle 1636)
445:1639 Sir Lyonel Maddison (Mayor of Newcastle 1617)
561:1694 Nicholas Fenwick (Mayor of Newcastle 1697)
476:1660–1661 John Emerson (Mayor of Newcastle 1660)
448:1640 Robert Anderson (Mayor of Newcastle 1630)
222:
169:but were opposed by the queen's privy council.
509:1675 Thomas Jennison (Mayor of Newcastle 1674)
160:sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe
580:1709–1711 Robert Fenwick (Mayor of Newcastle)
533:1685 William Aubone (mayor of Newcastle 1686)
496:1666 Henry Maddison (Mayor of Newcastle 1665)
8:
603:1740–1745 John Ord (Mayor of Newcastle 1744)
357:1603 Robert Dudley (Mayor of Newcastle 1602)
461:(MP for Newcastle, Mayor of Newcastle 1644)
332:List of governors of the Society of Hostmen
674:
672:
670:
668:
301:after an eight month siege, then occupied
732:
730:
728:
702:
700:
639:
539:1687 Nicholas Cole (Mayor of Newcastle)
33:The Incorporated Company of Hostmen of
548:1690 William Carr (Mayor of Newcastle)
16:Coal merchant business monopoly cartel
7:
220:. c. 3) specifically exempted them.
289:encouraged the export of coal from
200:coal industry and shipped from the
73:and elsewhere were forced to deal.
14:
318:Decline of its trading privileges
768:. Vint & Anderson. p.
822:History of Newcastle upon Tyne
121:dissolution of the monasteries
40:Hostmen's Company of Newcastle
1:
711:. Mainstream Publishing Ltd.
148:In 1553, during the reign of
679:Marshall, Michael W (1997).
832:Economic history of England
683:. Keepgate Publishing Ltd.
853:
737:Fraser and Emsley (1973).
796:. Durham: Surtees Society
790:Dendy, F.W., ed. (1901).
707:Moffat and Rosie (2005).
488:Sir James Clavering, bart
564:1695–1700 William Aubone
311:Second English Civil War
275:First English Civil War
244:
158:Duke of Northumberland
29:
762:John Baillie (1801).
741:. David and Charles.
652:The National Archives
606:1745-? John Simpson.
545:1689 Mr Thomas Bewick
235:Statute of Monopolies
214:Statute of Monopolies
24:
591:Sir William Blackett
558:1693 George Harrison
553:Sir William Blackett
528:Sir William Blackett
514:Sir Francis Anderson
467:1646–1652 Ralph Grey
241:. c. 3), section 12.
262:English Prayer Book
38:, often called the
35:Newcastle upon Tyne
613:(MP for Newcastle)
600:(MP for Newcastle)
593:(MP for Newcastle)
577:1708 Henry Riddell
574:(MP for Newcastle)
555:(MP for Newcastle)
530:(MP for Newcastle)
523:(MP for Newcastle)
516:(MP for Newcastle)
503:(MP for Newcastle)
490:(MP for Newcastle)
483:(MP for Newcastle)
442:1638 Thomas Marley
439:(MP for Newcastle)
432:(MP for Newcastle)
422:(MP for Newcastle)
415:(MP for Newcastle)
405:(MP for Newcastle)
395:(MP for Newcastle)
388:(MP for Newcastle)
378:(MP for Newcastle)
371:(MP for Newcastle)
364:(MP for Newcastle)
351:(MP for Newcastle)
344:(MP for Newcastle)
299:captured Newcastle
30:
247:Scottish invasion
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481:William Blackett
369:William Jennison
342:William Jennison
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459:Sir John Marley
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283:Parliamentarian
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173:The Grand Lease
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107:The Reformation
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611:J. E. Blackett
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598:George Liddell
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572:Sir Ralph Carr
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303:Northumberland
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48:City of London
44:livery company
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748:0-7153-5764-6
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718:1-84596-119-6
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690:1-899506-35-7
686:
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681:Turning Tides
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430:Peter Riddell
427:
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420:George Selbie
417:
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413:Thomas Ridell
410:
407:
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403:George Selbie
400:
397:
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387:
386:Henry Chapman
383:
380:
377:
376:George Selbie
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366:
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362:Thomas Ridell
359:
356:
353:
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349:George Selbie
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187:Incorporation
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127:
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111:Prior to the
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96:North Shields
93:
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76:
74:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:
27:
23:
19:
798:. Retrieved
792:
785:
773:. Retrieved
764:
757:
738:
708:
680:
655:. Retrieved
651:
642:
627:
622:In 1901 the
621:
335:
321:
281:and in 1644
272:
257:East Anglian
250:
225:
224:
206:
190:
176:
147:
110:
80:
39:
32:
31:
25:
18:
775:28 February
618:Its records
167:Elizabeth I
154:John Dudley
117:monasteries
113:Reformation
837:River Tyne
816:Categories
634:References
626:published
596:1728–1740
589:1725–1727
570:1705–1707
551:1691–1692
519:1677–1683
499:1667–1668
479:1662–1663
435:1636–1637
411:1614–1615
367:1605–1606
325:Sunderland
287:Parliament
202:River Wear
100:Edward III
83:River Tyne
77:Beginnings
64:North East
60:River Tyne
293:and from
279:Royalists
273:When the
269:Civil War
253:Charles I
239:21 Jas. 1
218:21 Jas. 1
162:Gateshead
150:Edward VI
144:Gateshead
92:Tynemouth
87:King John
58:from the
739:Tyneside
709:Tyneside
609:c. 1800
295:Wearside
251:In 1637
233:—
193:shilling
180:Whickham
134:Flanders
827:Cartels
800:9 April
657:9 April
210:Commons
138:keelmen
126:Holland
67:England
46:of the
745:
715:
687:
526:1684
307:Durham
198:Durham
156:, the
130:France
71:London
52:cartel
512:1676
486:1664
457:1644
428:1627
418:1616
401:1612
391:1610
384:1609
374:1607
360:1604
347:1601
340:1600
291:Blyth
802:2023
777:2019
743:ISBN
713:ISBN
685:ISBN
659:2023
305:and
132:and
56:coal
26:Seal
770:393
62:in
818::
727:^
699:^
667:^
650:.
204:.
152:,
128:,
804:.
779:.
751:.
721:.
693:.
661:.
237:(
216:(
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