Hope Diamond - Knowledge

478:, but, because of weak planes in the bonds of a diamond's crystalline structure, the crystal can fracture along these planes if not handled correctly. These weak planes allow diamond cutters to split a rough uncut stone into smaller flawless parts before the process of faceting the stone takes place. Only a diamond can scratch another diamond, so, to create a faceted diamond, the uncut rough is mounted in a holder, and then the flat surfaces or facets are ground into the surface of the stone using specially made metal wheels impregnated with diamond particles. These facets are ground and polished using ever finer grades/grits of diamond powder until they have a clear mirror surface, ultimately producing a gem that sparkles by refracting and reflecting light in different ways. 2857:, which is arguably the most fabulous work in the history of French jewelry; this happened from 2007 to 2010. The original parure, created in 1749 by royal jeweler Pierre-André Jacquemin, was stolen and broken in 1792. The reassembled jewel contained the French Blue and the Bazu diamonds, as well as the Côte de Bretagne spinel and hundreds of smaller diamonds. Three years of work were needed to recreate this jewel, and it required exacting and precise skill which revealed not only the skill of today's lapidaries, but the skill of its original eighteenth-century designers. The reconstructed jewel was presented by Herbert Horovitz, with 3016: 2989: 538: 1133: 366: 1302: 269: 717: 640:, according to Wise, was worth approximately 500,000 livres. That amount, plus the reported sale to the King, would have totaled about 720,000 livres, half the price of Tavernier's initial estimate for the gem. There has been controversy regarding the actual weight of the stone: Morel believed that the 112.1875-carat (22.43750 g; 0.791460 oz) stated in Tavernier's invoice would be in old French carats, thus 115.28 metric carats. 3036: 1094: 2973: 827:" after being seized in 1792 in Paris. But, the exact rock known as the French Blue was never seen again, since it almost certainly was recut during this decades-long period of anonymity, with the largest remaining piece becoming the Hope Diamond. One report suggested that the cut was a "butchered job" because it sheared off 23.5-carat (4.70 g; 0.166 oz) from the larger rock as well as hurting its "extraordinary luster." 2957: 1979: 940: 1195:

after he had sold the stone... As Francis Hope never had the stone and May Yohe probably never saw it ... the newspaper accounts at the time mentioned were laughed at, but since then it has been the custom not only to revive these stories every time mention of the stone appears in the public press, but to add to them fictitious incidents of misfortune as to alleged possessors of the stone at various times.

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Bazu was "light sky blue", which is consistent with the fact that the Golden Fleece of the Color Adornment was made of a variety of great colored gems. Based on documents kept in a private collection, it could be shown that this particular diamond was not hexagonal-shaped, as some historians had previously thought, but was in a shape best described as "rounded squared", similar to the so-called

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prince named Kanitowski, who lent it to French actress Lorens Ladue and promptly shot her dead on the stage, and was himself stabbed to death by revolutionaries; Simon Montharides, hurled over a precipice with his family. However, the existence of only a few of these characters has been verified historically, leading researchers to conclude that most of these persons are fictitious.

2813:-dragon of the Golden Fleece. According to this line of reasoning, in 1802 Hope sold his assets, and the continental blockade by Napoleon led the Hope's bank into a serious financial crisis by 1808, and the crisis peaked during the winter of 1811–1812 This put Mr. Hope in a financial bind. There is a possibility that, given his financial predicament, Hope pawned the 70: 1971: 2226:

the financial ruin of the jeweler Simon Frankel, who bought it from the Hope family, were linked to the stone. But although he is documented as a French diamond dealer of the correct era, Colot has no recorded connection with the stone, and Frankel's misfortunes were in the midst of economic straits that also ruined many of his peers.

3015: 997:, for either $ 65,000 or $ 90,000. It has been suggested that Eliason may have been a "front" for Hope, acting not as a diamond merchant venturing money on his own account, but rather as an agent to acquire the diamond for the banker. In 1839, the Hope Diamond appeared in a published catalog of the gem collection of his brother 2005:", this general type of "legend" was most likely the independent creation of Western authors during the Victorian era, and the specific legends about the Hope Diamond's "cursed origin" were invented in the early 20th century to add mystique to the stone and increase its sales appeal as well as increase newspaper sales. 990:, and some of his personal effects were discreetly liquidated to cover the many debts he had left behind him. Another report states that the king's debts were "so enormous" that the diamond was probably sold through "private channels". In either case, the blue diamond was not retained by the British royal family. 820:; Marie Antoinette was guillotined on October 16 of the same year. These beheadings are commonly cited as a result of the diamond's "curse," but the historical record suggests that Marie Antoinette had never worn the Golden Fleece pendant because it had been reserved for the exclusive use of the King. 2945:

All stones were set according to 18th-century techniques. Finally, a luxury box containing the Golden Fleece was recreated by Frédéric Viollet using crimson-colored Moroccan leather. The box was gilded by Didier Montecot to the arms of Louis XV, using the king's original iron stamp made by the Simier

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The legend includes deaths of numerous other characters who had been previously unknown: Diamond cutter Wilhelm Fals, killed by his son Hendrik, who stole it and later committed suicide; Francois Beaulieu, who received the stone from Hendrik but starved to death after selling it to Eliason; a Russian

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It is possible that the overblown story of the "curse", possibly fueled by Cartier and others, may have caused some hesitation on the part of the prospective buyers, the McLeans, around 1911. When a lawsuit between buyer and seller erupted about the terms of the deal, newspapers kept alive reports of

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On November 18, 2010, the Hope Diamond was unveiled and displayed at the Smithsonian in a temporary newly designed necklace called "Embracing Hope", created by the Harry Winston firm. Three designs for the new setting, all white diamonds and white metal, were created and the public voted on the final

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Accounts vary about what happened to the diamond during the years 1902–1907; one account suggested that it lay in the William & Theodore safe during these years while the jewelers took it out periodically to show it to wealthy Americans; a rival account, probably invented to help add "mystery" to

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She later claimed that she had worn it at social gatherings and had an exact replica made for her performances, but her husband claimed otherwise. Lord Francis lived beyond his means, and this eventually caught up with him, leading to marriage troubles and financial reverses, and he found that he had

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The 500-plus remaining replicas of diamonds were cut from cubic zirconia using a baroque cushion cut. Colors were used to recall the original artwork: red for the flames, and yellow for the fleece, and in keeping with the original work, the materials used were initially colorless but were painted in

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who had supposedly killed various members of his court for the stone (despite the annotation in Habib's auction catalog). Even jewelers who may have handled the Hope Diamond were not spared from its reputed malice: the insanity and suicide of Jacques Colot, who supposedly bought it from Eliason, and

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The Hope Diamond also is resting on a new dark blue neck form, which the Harry Winston firm commissioned from display organization, Pac Team Group. Previously, the Hope Diamond had been displayed as a loose gem since late summer of 2009 when it was removed from its former Cartier-designed setting. A

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William Schindele, a former Secret Service man, has been engaged to guard the stone. He in turn will be guarded by Leo Costello and Simeon Blake, private detectives. The stone will be kept at the McLean mansion during the day and each night will be deposited in a safe deposit vault. When Mrs. McLean

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Both Ned McLean and his pretty wife are quite young, and in a way unsophisticated, although they were born and reared in an atmosphere of wealth and luxury. All their lives they have known more of jewelry, finery, banquets, automobiles, horses, and other articles of pleasure than they have of books,

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Why Is It Blue? Light interacts with an impurity in the diamond to produce the unusual color. As the diamond grew, a few atoms of the element boron entered the crystal structure. The addition of just one boron atom for every million carbon atoms is enough to cause the deep blue color. Blue diamonds

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newspaper article in 1888 described the supposedly lurid history of the Hope Diamond, including a claim that it was "said once to have formed the single eye of a great idol", as part of a confused description that also claimed that its namesake owner had personally "brought it from India", and that

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Francis sold the diamond for £29,000 (£3.98 million today), to Adolph Weil, a London jewel merchant. Weil sold the stone in 1901 to the diamond dealer Simon Frankel, based in New York and/or London who took it to New York. One report stated that he had paid $ 250,000 ($ 9.2 million today). However,

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When Hope died on December 4, 1862, his wife Anne Adele inherited the gem, but she feared that the profligate lifestyle of her son-in-law might cause him to sell the Hope properties. Upon Adele's death in 1884, the entire Hope estate, including the Hope Diamond, was entrusted to Henrietta's younger

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The emblem has another great blue diamond, which was later named "the Bazu" in reference to a dealer who reportedly had sold it to Louis XIV in 1669. This Bazu diamond was recut in 1749 as a baroque cushion weighing 32.62 carats (6.524 g; 0.2301 oz). The 1791 inventory mentioned that the

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Since the Smithsonian acquired the gemstone, the "curse appears to have gone dormant." Owning the diamond has brought "nothing but good luck" for the nonprofit national museum, according to a Smithsonian curator, and has helped it build a "world-class gem collection" with rising attendance levels.

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The tenuous deal involved wrangling among attorneys for both Cartier and the McLeans, but finally, in 1911, the couple bought the gem for over $ 300,000 (over $ 9.8 million today), although there are differing estimates of the sales price at $ 150,000 and $ 180,000. An alternative scenario is that

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and her husband in 1910. Cartier was a consummate salesman who used an understated presentation to entice Mrs. McLean. He described the gem's illustrious history to her while keeping it concealed underneath special wrapping paper. The suspense worked: McLean became impatient to the point where she

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of several owners of the gem, perhaps who had bought it from Frankel and owned it temporarily who met with ill-fortune, but this report conflicts with the more likely possibility that the gem remained in the hands of the Frankel jewelry firm during these years. Like many jewelry firms, the Frankel

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French experts said on Tuesday they had proof that the Hope Diamond, a star exhibit in Washington's Smithsonian Institution, is a legendary gem once owned by King Louis XIV that was looted in the French Revolution. New evidence unearthed in France's National Museum of Natural History shows beyond

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However, the diamond's owners may have felt pressure to recut the stone quickly to disguise its identity, since if the French government had learned of its existence, it may have sued the owners for repossession. Regardless of whether Mr. Hope had lost possession or kept it during these years, by

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While the diamond had disappeared for two decades, there were questions whether this diamond now in Great Britain was exactly the same one as had belonged to the French kings. Scientific investigation in 2008 confirmed "beyond reasonable doubt" that the Hope Diamond and that owned by the kings of

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The malevolent influence that has for centuries dogged with discord and disaster the owners of the famous Hope diamond has started again and without waste of time, despite special precautions against ill-luck taken at the time of its last sale, according to John S. Wise, Jr., of 20 Broad Street,

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There were reports that she misplaced it at parties, deliberately and frequently, and then make a children's game out of "finding the Hope", and times when she hid the diamond somewhere on her estate during the "lavish parties she threw and invite guests to find it." The stone prompted elaborate

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and pear-shaped variants. Mrs. McLean wore it to a "brilliant reception" in February 1912 when it was reported that it was the first time it had been worn in public since it had "changed owners." She would "sport the diamond at social events" and wore it to numerous social occasions that she had

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No mention of any ill luck having befallen Eliason, Hope, or any of their descendants was ever made. The Frankels surely were very prosperous while the stone was in their possession, as were the dealers who held it in Europe. Habib's misfortune referred to in the newspaper accounts occurred long

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was discharged, but, as he could not sell the Hope Diamond without the court's permission, he was supported financially by his wife during these intervening years. In 1901, the financial situation had changed, and after a "long legal fight," he was given permission to sell the Hope Diamond by an

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after exposure to short-wave ultraviolet light. This 'glow-in-the-dark' effect persists for some time after the light source has been switched off, and this strange quality may have helped fuel its reputation of being "cursed." The red glow is a phenomenon of blue diamonds that helps scientists

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suddenly requested to see the stone. She recalled later that Cartier "held before our eyes the Hope Diamond." Nevertheless, she initially rejected the offer. Cartier had it reset. She found the stone much more appealing in this new modern style. There were conflicting reports about the sale in

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of Ottoman Empire; however, on June 24, 1909, the stone was included in an auction of Habib's assets to settle his own debts, and the auction catalog explicitly stated that the Hope Diamond was one of only two gems in the collection which had never been owned by the Sultan. A contrary report,

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in September 1812, the earliest point when the history of the Hope Diamond can be definitively fixed, although a second, less definitive report claims that the Hope Diamond's "authentic history" can only be traced back to 1830. The jewel was a "massive blue stone of 45.54-carat (9.108 g;

550: 1167:; one account suggested that the young McLean couple had agreed to purchase the diamond, but after having learned about its unfortunate supposed history, the couple had wanted to back out of the deal since they knew nothing of the "history of misfortunes that have beset its various owners." 2895:

will assert that the hexagonal cut from the Bazu is inconsistent historically and gemologically. The Bazu stone referred to another version of Louis XV's great Golden Fleece, made out of blue sapphires instead of blue diamonds. According to one view, this version appears to have never been

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1824 it was again in his possession. It was around this time that Eliason died; Hope's financial situation had been restored thanks to efforts by the Barings, who saved the Hope bank in the difficult financial years of 1812–1820. Accordingly, if this is correct, then the lead cast of the

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wears the gem at balls and receptions arrangements have been made to keep the safe deposit building open until after the function that the stone may be safely stored away. A special automobile has been purchased to convey the guards to and from the house to the trust company's building.

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however, suggested that Sultan Abdul Hamid did own the gem but ordered Habib to sell it when his throne "began to totter." Habib reportedly sold the stone in Paris in 1909 for $ 80,000 ($ 2.71 million today). The Parisian jewel merchant Simon Rosenau bought the Hope Diamond for 400,000

1275:. He purchased McLean's "entire jewelry collection". Over the next decade, Winston exhibited McLean's necklace in his "Court of Jewels," a tour of jewels around the United States, as well as various promotional events and charity balls. The diamond appeared on the television quiz show 5110:...on November 17, 1909, the New York Times reported that Habib had been killed in a shipwreck ... This report was wildly inaccurate. Neither Habib nor the Hope Diamond were on the steamer when it sank (although another man named Selim Habib did apparently drown in the shipwreck)... 4424:

Note: The $ 400,000 price may have been exaggerated, since a newspaper report in 1908 was that experts had thought it was inflated, and that the true price at that time may have been closer to the "air bidding price" of $ 250,000 ($ 8.48 million today); for further information see

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To guard against theft during the diamond's trip to the 1962 Louvre exhibition, Switzer traveled to Paris with the Hope Diamond tucked inside a velvet pouch sewn by his wife. The Hope Diamond was placed into the pouch, which was pinned inside Switzer's pants pocket for the flight.

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of a reputed "curse" to the effect that it brings misfortune and tragedy to anyone who owns it or wears it, but there are strong indications that such fabrications enhance the stone's mystery and appeal, since increased publicity usually raised the gem's value and newsworthiness.

376:. Current photographs of the Hope Diamond use high-intensity light sources that tend to maximize the brilliance of gemstones. In popular literature, many superlatives have been used to describe the Hope Diamond as a "superfine deep blue," often comparing it to the color of a fine 2799:

These findings have helped investigators piece together what may have happened during the rock's anonymous years during the several decades following 1792. According to one line of reasoning, the first "Hope" to have the "Hope Diamond"—Henry Phillip Hope—might have possessed the

2903:. Its replica was based on a wax likeness sculpted by Pascal Monney, who had based his recreation from three-dimensional scaled pictures of the original object which had been made by French artist François Farges; Farges, in turn, had seen the original objects displayed at the 612:

has built a highly speculative case for 1653 as the year of acquisition, but the most that can be said with certainty is that Tavernier obtained the blue diamond during one of his five voyages to India between the years 1640 and 1667. One report suggests he took 25 diamonds to

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that he had acquired some time after the 1792 robbery in Paris, perhaps around 1794–1795, when the Hopes were believed to have left Holland for London to escape Napoleon's armies. At about the same time, Cadet Guillot, who may have been one of the thieves to have stolen the

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manufactured but only suggested to the king as an alternative to the effective final version, bearing two blue diamonds. Nevertheless, replicas of both blue diamonds were cut by Scott Sucher using cubic zirconia, one being colored deep blue and the other light blue.

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When the Smithsonian's gallery was renovated in 1997, the necklace was moved onto a rotating pedestal inside a cylinder made of 3-inch (76 mm) thick bulletproof glass in its own display room, adjacent to the main exhibit of the National Gem Collection, in the

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temple where it had been set as one of two matching eyes of an idol, and the temple priests then laid a curse on whoever might possess the missing stone. Largely because the other blue diamond "eye" never surfaced, historians dismissed the fantastical story.

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The actress May Yohe made repeated attempts to capitalize on her identity as the former wife of the last Hope to own the diamond, and sometimes blamed the gemstone for her misfortunes. In July 1902, months after Lord Francis divorced her, she told police in

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The theme of greedy robbers stealing a valuable object from the tomb or shrine of an ancient god or ruler, and then being punished by it, is one which repeats in many different forms of literature. A likely source of inspiration for the fabrications was the

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Henry Philip Hope died in 1839, the same year as the publication of his collection catalog. His three nephews, the sons of Thomas and Louisa, fought in court for ten years over his inheritance, and ultimately the collection was split up. The oldest nephew,

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in 2005. Previously, the dimensions of the French Blue had been known only from two drawings made in 1749 and 1789; although the model differs slightly from the drawings in some details, these details are identical to features of the Hope Diamond, allowing

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that her lover, Putnam Strong, had abandoned her and taken her jewels. In fact, the couple reconciled, married later that year, but divorced in 1910. On her third marriage in 1920, she persuaded film producer George Kleine to back a 15-episode serial

617:, including the large rock which became the Hope, and sold all of them to King Louis XIV. Another report suggested that in 1669, Tavernier sold this large blue diamond along with approximately one thousand other diamonds to King Louis XIV for 220,000 2832:

The lead cast had important ramifications since it gave enough information to curators at the French museum to commission the first exact replicas of both the Tavernier and French Blue diamonds using a material which simulates diamonds called

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On January 13, 2012, the diamond was returned to its historic setting, and the current necklace was implanted with another diamond worth "at least a million dollars". The necklace with the new diamond will be sold to benefit the Smithsonian.

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A description was that the gemstone "lay on a bed of white silk and surrounded by many small white diamonds cut pear shaped". The new setting was the current platinum framework surrounded by a row of sixteen diamonds which alternated between

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You cradle the 45.5-carat stone—about the size of a walnut and heavier than its translucence makes it appear—turning it from side to side as the light flashes from its facets, knowing it's the hardest natural material yet fearful of dropping

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Detailed view of the recreated great Golden Fleece of king Louis XV of France. Below the 107 carats (21.4 g; 0.75 oz) spinel Côte de Bretagne hangs the French Blue diamond and the fleece itself, set with hundreds of yellow diamond

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A source at the Smithsonian suggested there were "several references" suggesting that George had indeed owned the diamond. After his death in 1830, it has been alleged that some of this mixed collection was stolen by George's last mistress,

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The stories generally do not bear up to more pointed examination; for example, the legend that Tavernier's body was "torn apart by wolves" is inconsistent with historical evidence which shows that he lived to 84 and died of natural causes.

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The methods for digitally-reconstructing the gem are reviewed in this article's "Theft and Disappearance" section. The emblem of the Golden Fleece of Louis XV was reconstructed around the French Blue, including the "Côte de Bretagne"

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until the eldest child had reached 25 years of age. This requirement would have prevented any sale for the next two decades. However, the trustees gained permission to sell her jewels to settle her debts, and in 1949 sold them to

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for personal adornment by having the individual gems placed in new settings and combinations, but the French Blue remained in this pendant (except for a brief time in 1787, when the stone was removed for scientific study by

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The report that the famous Hope blue diamond is going to New York is correct. It is in the possession of a member of a New York firm now on his way to America from London. The heirloom was sold by order of the Master in

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The leaden model revealed 20 unknown facets on the back of the French Blue. It also confirmed the diamond underwent a rather rough recut that removed the three points and reduced the thickness by a few millimeters. The

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But the stone was not stolen during their ownership. When Mrs. McLean died in 1947, she bequeathed the diamond to her grandchildren through a will which insisted that her former property would remain in the custody of

608:, possibly in 1668 or 1669; a blue diamond is shown among these, and Tavernier mentions the mines at "Gani Coulour" (Kollur Mine) as a source of colored diamonds, but no direct mention of the stone is made. Historian 3379:

The world's biggest diamond, believed to be twice the size of the Cullinan, has been discovered in the North-West Province of South Africa.... The Hope Diamond is a large, deep blue diamond, originating perhaps in

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This smaller diamond's present whereabouts are unknown, and the recent CAD reconstruction of the French Blue fits too tightly around the Hope Diamond to allow for the existence of a sister stone of that size.

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The mainstream view is that these accounts are specious and speculative since there are few, if any, independent confirmations to back them up. A few months later, perhaps compounded by inaccurate reports in

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and was later extracted and refined to form the current gem. The Hope Diamond contains trace amounts of boron atoms intermixed with the carbon structure, which results in the rare blue color of the diamond.

3656:"Hope Diamond Again Offered for Sale; Price Said to be Only $ 150,000, Though It Once Was Bought for $ 400,000. May Come to America Prospective Buyers Inspect it in London – Stone Has a Remarkable History" 517:

People typically think of the Hope Diamond as a historic gem, but... it's as a rare scientific specimen that can provide vital insights into our knowledge of diamonds and how they are formed in the earth.

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According to one report, Louis ordered Pitau to "make him a piece to remember", and Pitau worked for two years, resulting in a "triangular-shaped 69-carat (13.8 g; 0.49 oz) gem the size of a

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the same fashion used by the artist Jacquemin when the original Golden Fleece was completed in 1749. Since the original was most likely made out of gold plated with silver, a choice was made to use a

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graded it and noticed "evidence of wear" and its "remarkably strong phosphorescence" with its clarity "slightly affected by a whitish graining which is common to blue diamonds." A highly sensitive

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in 1805, Karl Wilhelm may have had the French Blue recut to disguise its identity; in this form, the stone could have come to Great Britain in 1806, when his family fled there to join his daughter

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was allowed by Smithsonian officials to hold the gem in his hands in 2003, he wrote that the first thought that had come into his mind was, "Wow!" It was described as "cool to the touch." He wrote:

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The addition of Specimen #217868 to the collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) is perhaps one of Winston's most laudable contributions to the American people.

4912:...curse of the Hope Diamond was first given credence by Paris jeweler Pierre Cartier—or so the story goes—to entice Washingtonian Evalyn Walsh McLean into buying ...Legends whirl around it... 4957: 706:

At the diamond's dazzling heart was a sun with seven facets—the sun being Louis' emblem, and seven being a number rich in meaning in biblical cosmology, indicating divinity and spirituality.

2088: 4883:...But Post says the tales of misery and mayhem just aren't true. ...Pierre Cartier, if he didn't completely make up the story, certainly embellished the story to get her interested... 928:

0.3213 oz)" and weighed 177 gr (11.5 g) (4 gr (0.26 g) = 1 carat). The 1812 date was just days after 20 years since the theft of the French Blue, just as the

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was in the possession of a person known as "Mr. Hope of London". Other archives at the Muséum suggests that Hope was a customer of Achard for many years, particularly for blue gems.

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The Hope Diamond, center, is tested at the Smithsonian's Natural History Museum in Washington to try to determine what impurities give it its blue colors. ... By Ron Edmonds, AP ...

2450: 1645: 1061:, who has been described as "the sensation of two continents", and they were married the same year; one account suggests that Yohé wore the Hope Diamond on at least one occasion. 5599: 1994:

According to many specious accounts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the original form of the Hope Diamond was stolen from an eye of a sculpted statue of the

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Winston died many years later, in 1978, of a heart attack. Winston's gift, according to Smithsonian curator Dr. Jeffrey Post, indeed helped spur additional gifts to the museum.

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The lead cast had been catalogued at the French museum in 1850 and was provided by a prominent Parisian jeweler named Charles Archard who lived during the same generation as

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The Hope Diamond in its original pendant must have looked fantastic at parties circa the 1920s, when it hung around the neck of owner Evalyn Walsh McLean's Great Dane, Mike.

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of the French museum in attendance, at the former Royal Storehouse in Paris on June 30, 2010, which was the same site where the original had been stolen 218 years before.

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In 1908, Frankel sold the diamond for $ 400,000 ($ 13.56 million today) to a Salomon or Selim Habib, a wealthy Turkish diamond collector, reportedly on behalf of Sultan

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Winston had never believed in any of the tales about the curse; he donated the diamond with the hope that it would help the United States "establish a gem collection."

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In 2005, the Smithsonian published a year-long computer-aided geometry research which officially acknowledged that the Hope Diamond is, in fact, cut from the stolen

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in Johannesburg, South Africa; and two visits back to Harry Winston's premises in New York City, once in 1984, and once for a 50th anniversary celebration in 1996.

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also gave an account of its history, noting "its possession is the story of a long series of tragedies - murder, suicide, madness, and various other misfortunes."

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who used historical drawings of the delicate three-dimensional elements of the dragon's wings and tail as well as the palms around which the dragon is suspended.

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at Windsor, although some secondary evidence exists in the form of contemporary writings and artwork, and George IV tended to mix up the Crown property of the

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Jean Pitau to recut the Tavernier Blue, resulting in a 67.125-carat (13.4250 g; 0.47355 oz) stone which royal inventories thereafter listed as the

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of France in 1668. It was stolen in 1792 and re-cut, with the largest section of the diamond appearing under the Hope name in an 1839 gem catalogue from the

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in the 1980s, and two blue diamonds that had ornamented the jewel were found as well, and these recent findings enabled artisans to recreate a copy of the

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In a contrasting report, historian Richard Kurin speculated that the "theft" of the French Crown Jewels was in fact engineered by the revolutionary leader

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of 107 carats (21.4 g; 0.75 oz), the "Bazu" diamond of 32.62 carats (6.524 g; 0.2301 oz), 3 oriental topazes (yellow sapphires), five

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It fueled speculation that persons possessing the gemstone were fated to have bad luck with varying reports of undetermined veracity. A report in 2006 in

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the diamond's "malevolent influence" with reports like this one, which blamed the stone's "curse" on having caused, of all things, the lawsuit itself:

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insured for $ 1 million at a cost of $ 145.29, of which $ 2.44 was for postage and the balance insurance. Upon its arrival it became Specimen #217868.

2927:

mostly made out of 925-grade silver to keep costs under control without compromising quality. A number of different artists helped with this project:

1011:

surrounded by many smaller white diamonds, which he sometimes lent to Louisa de la Poer Beresford, the widow of his brother, Thomas Hope, for society

3150: 3926:

Note: Other references include Mawe (1823), Ball (1835), Bruton (1978), Tolansky (1962). However, these descriptions are somewhat wide of the mark.

4695: 1073:

order of the Master in Chancery to "pay off debts". But May Yohé ran off with a gentleman friend named Putnam Strong, who was a son of the former

3479:"The Hope Diamond revealed: The Smithsonian Institution in Washington displays the Hope Diamond without a setting for the first time in history" 3384:. It is legendary for the curse it supposedly puts on whoever possesses it. Previous owners include Kings Louis XV and XVI and Marie Antoinette. 2193:

The Hope Diamond was also blamed for the unhappy fates of other historical figures vaguely linked to its ownership, such as the falls of Madame

4227:"Two new discoveries concerning the "diamant bleu de la Couronne" ("French Blue" diamond) at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris" 2245:, which added fictitious characters to the tale, but the project was not successful. In 1921, she hired Henry Leyford Gates to help her write 341:

that is pear-shaped. The length, width, and depth are 25.60 mm × 21.78 mm × 12.00 mm (1 in × 7/8 in × 15/32 in).

5506: 5063: 4212: 3404:; text= "The diamond glows only after the light has been switched off ... the glow can last for anything up to 2 minutes..."; January 7, 2008 1102:

the Hope Diamond story, suggested that some persons had bought it but apparently sold it back to Frankel. There were reports in one story in

4611: 2777:(rather than the later London edition, which had distorted and modified Tavernier's original figures). The Smithsonian Institution provided 4020: 3126: 2115:

on November 17, 1909, it was incorrectly reported that the diamond's former owner, Selim Habib, had drowned in a shipwreck of the steamer

1416:

Smithsonian curator described it as "priceless" because it was "irreplaceable", although it was reported to be insured for $ 250 million.

2214: 2177:

attorney for Cartiers, the Fifth Avenue jewelers, who are suing Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. McLean for $ 180,000, its alleged purchase price.

2119:

near Singapore; in fact, it was a different person with the same name, not the owner of the diamond. There was speculation that jeweler

1335:

is credited with persuading jeweler Harry Winston to donate the Hope Diamond for a proposed national gem collection to be housed at the

437:; the boron concentration varies from zero to eight parts per million. The boron is responsible for causing the blue color of the stone. 359:) than blue sapphires. In 1996, the Gemological Institute of America examined the diamond and, using their proprietary scale, graded it 308: 809:)—stealing most of the Crown Jewels in a five-day looting spree. While many jewels were later recovered, including other pieces of the 4978:"Ancient Mysteries: Curse of the Hope Diamond (2006) (Title: Ancient Mysteries: Curse of the Hope Diamond – Running Time: 50 Minutes)" 3059: 3049: 2137:, which created a coherent narrative from vague and largely disregarded legends which had been attached to other diamonds such as the 1402: 1357: 1336: 253: 75: 5523: 5492: 5453: 5425: 5410: 5395: 5380: 5237:

Buist, M.G. (1974) At spes non fracta: Hope & Co. 1770–1815. Merchant bankers and diplomats at work. Den Haag, Martinus Nijhoff.

4669: 4118: 4099: 4079: 3905: 3478: 2871:

Additional recreations were made possible by new discoveries. A previously unknown drawing of the Golden Fleece was rediscovered in

2829:

and the "Hope" diamond are likely to have been created in the same workshop, possibly in London, and probably a little before 1812.

2746:. This triggered an investigation by an international team of researchers into the stone's history, which previously had to rely on 2725: 1952: 1210:

the McLeans may have fabricated concern about the supposed "curse" to generate publicity to increase the value of their investment.

1982:

Spectators gazing at the Hope Diamond seen from the rear in its case at the National Gem Collection of the Smithsonian Institution.

5053: 5463: 1782:

Reset to appeal to Evalyn McLean; diamond mounted as a headpiece on three-tiered circlet of large white diamonds; became pendant

1384: 966:

There are conflicting reports about what happened to the diamond during these years. Eliason's diamond may have been acquired by

328: 4334: 4226: 5123:"Says M'Lean Drank Hope Diamond Toast; The Purchaser's Health Pledged, Jewelers' Lawyer Avers, When Famous Stone Was Delivered" 4987: 3413: 2055:

Simon Mencharides, who had once sold it to the Turkish sultan, was thrown from a precipice along with his wife and young child.

1582: 967: 947: 900: 347:: It has been described as being a "fancy dark greyish-blue" as well as "dark blue in color," or having a "steely-blue" color. 3836: 5619: 5436: 2773:

As part of the investigation, the "Tavernier Blue" diamond was reconstructed from the original French edition of Tavernier's

2663: 1890: 1380:

Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals. The Hope Diamond is the most popular jewel on display and the collection's centerpiece.

5094: 2253:

among the diamond's "victims". She also wore her copy of the Hope, trying to generate more publicity to further her career.

372:

Visually, the gray modifier (mask) is so dark (indigo) that it produces an "inky" effect, appearing almost blackish-blue in

5122: 4533: 4507: 4448: 4426: 4306: 4161: 4042: 3766: 3655: 3239: 2706: 1933: 5589: 4755: 4586: 2659: 2256:

Evalyn Walsh McLean added her own narrative to the story behind the blue jewel, including that one of the owners had been

2249:

in which she starred as Lady Francis Hope. The film added more characters, including a fictionalized Tavernier, and added

2159:

films. In keeping with these scripts, according to the legend, Tavernier did not buy the Hope diamond but stole it from a

1886: 1332: 1028: 904: 4480: 2678: 1905: 391:"fingerprint" them, allowing them to distinguish real ones from artificial ones. The red glow occurs because of a mix of 5584: 4642: 4508:"M'Leans Didn't Know Hope Diamond Tale; Wealthy Couple Unaware That the Famous Gem Had Brought Misfortune to Its Owners" 3767:"J.R. M'Lean'sS Son Buys Hope Diamond; $ 300,000 for Jewel Owned by Louis XVI and Worn by Marie Antoinette and May Yohe" 1340: 1286: 830:

It was long believed that the Hope Diamond was cut from the French Blue, but confirmation came when a three-dimensional

3336: 2423: 994: 537: 2941:

Amico Bifulci gilded parts of the matrix to recreate the elegant original gold and silver arrangement of the original.

2846: 32: 4113:, H. K. Gupta, A. Parasher and D. Balasubramanian, Indian National Science Academy, 2000, p. 144, Orient Blackswan, 2685: 1912: 411:: The cut was described as being "cushion antique brilliant with a faceted girdle and extra facets on the pavilion." 5574: 2042:

article in 1911 which gave a list of supposed cases of ill-fortune, but with few confirmations from other sources:

747: 311:

at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. It has changed hands numerous times on its way from

5009: 4060:

are extremely rare. Only about one in 100,000 diamonds is strongly colored, and blue is one of the rarest colors.

2821:, was highly depreciated. This is consistent with the entry in Eliason's records about having the stone in 1812. 1047:, on the condition that he add the name of "Hope" to his own surnames when he reached the age of legal majority. 356: 5149: 4373: 2022:

the diamond's true color was "white, when held to the light, it emits the most superb and dazzling blue rays."

694:'s egg that took the breath away as it snared the light, reflecting it back in bluish-grey rays." It was set in 5192: 3401: 2979: 2563: 2241: 2120: 1777: 1126: 780: 2692: 1919: 823:

A likely scenario is that the French Blue, sometimes also known as the Blue Diamond, was "swiftly smuggled to

4812: 3947: 3850:

reasonable doubt that the Hope Diamond is the same steely-blue stone once sported by the Sun King, they said.

3630: 854:

Historians suggested that one burglar, Cadet Guillot, took several jewels, including the French Blue and the

759:

breathing "covetous flames," as well as 83 red-painted diamonds and 112 yellow-painted diamonds to suggest a

5609: 5431:

Robert C. Marley. Inspector Swanson und der Fluch des Hope-Diamanten. Dryas, Frankfurt a. M., Germany 2014,

2767: 2751: 2652: 2618: 2305: 1879: 1841: 1454: 1401:

In 2009, the Smithsonian announced a temporary new setting for the jewel to celebrate a half-century at the

1388: 1230: 683:). Later English-speaking historians have simply called it the French Blue. The king had the stone set on a 566: 352: 249: 210: 162: 152: 4560: 3362: 3175: 1129:

for 550,000 francs. In 1910, it was offered for $ 150,000 ($ 4.91 million today), according to one report.

632:

granted to Tavernier by Louis XIV was part of the payment for the Tavernier Blue. According to the theory,

5564: 5546: 5537: 4534:"Hope Diamond Worn at M'Lean Dinner; Famous Gem Seen for the First Time in Public Since It Changed Owners" 3942: 2123:

further embroidered the lurid tales to intrigue Evalyn Walsh McLean into buying the Hope Diamond in 1911.

1377: 1277: 1132: 929: 2674: 1901: 1015:. After falling into the ownership of the Hope family, the stone came to be known as the "Hope Diamond". 5441: 2879:. It led to the construction, using cubic zirconia, of a piece that almost exactly resembles the mythic 2849:, a Moghul-cut sapphire of 135.7 carats (27.14 g; 0.957 oz). Artisans recreated the elaborate 2778: 2755: 2194: 2147: 2002: 971: 959: 943: 896: 840: 766:

The piece fell into disuse after the death of Louis XV. The diamond became the property of his grandson

636:(the King's Finance Minister at the time) regularly sold noble offices and titles for cash; an outright 633: 4699: 3435: 805: 3980: 2084:, an "Intendant of France", borrowed it temporarily to wear it but was "disgraced and died in prison." 1281:, in an episode which first aired on August 16, 1955, when a teenaged contestant with the actual name 186:

that has been famed for its great size since the 18th century. Extracted in the 17th century from the

5579: 4162:"Hope Diamond Coming Here: The Famous Blue Stone Bought by a New Yorker – Price Said to be $ 250,000" 2999: 2908: 2858: 2789: 2782: 2738:

In 2007, a lead cast of the French Blue diamond was discovered in the gemological collections of the

2014:, however, suggested that "any hard evidence linking it to tragedy has yet to be officially proven." 876:

in France but was forced to relinquish it to fellow thief Lancry de la Loyelle, who put Guillot into

851:'s blue diamond became unrecognizable and the baroque style of the original cut was definitely lost. 728: 1301: 1031:, but was usually kept in a bank vault. In 1861, Henry Thomas Hope's only child, Henrietta, married 4647: 2932: 2842: 2583: 2578: 2351: 2321: 2257: 2206: 2202: 2075: 2027: 1800: 1796: 1462:

220,000–720,000 livres. Tavernier received Patent of Nobility as part payment worth 450,000 livres

1157: 1146: 1142: 775: 767: 657: 605: 245: 4870: 4781: 4273: 5614: 5604: 5518: 4982: 4733: 4010: 2995: 2336: 2184: 2111: 2010: 1252: 1163: 1110: 1104: 738: 653: 637: 590: 586: 373: 183: 5364: 4619: 3880: 2904: 1023:, received eight of the most valuable gems, including the Hope Diamond. It was displayed in the 877: 1391:

found tiny traces of a "very slight violet component" which is imperceptible to normal vision.

549: 5502: 5488: 5474: 5449: 5432: 5421: 5406: 5391: 5376: 5059: 4208: 4114: 4095: 4075: 3901: 3418: 3122: 2938:

Casts were made by Andreas Altmann. This will allow even more copies to be made in the future.

2261: 2218: 1078: 1036: 1020: 998: 206: 3092:

carats (8.88 g), but it was re-weighed in 1974 to confirm as 45.52 carats (9.10 g).

474:: Diamonds in general, including the Hope Diamond, are the hardest natural minerals known on 4786: 4449:"Hope Diamond's Owner Lost; Famous Unlucky Stone also Said to Have Gone Down with the Seyne" 3054: 3009:(right) at the Hôtel de la Marine, formerly the royal Storehouse in Paris, on June 30, 2010. 3004: 2863: 2366: 2265: 2210: 2025:

An article entitled "Hope Diamond Has Brought Trouble To All Who Have Owned It" appeared in

1365: 1054:

in his inheritance, meaning that he could not sell any part of it without court permission.

1024: 792: 771: 720: 716: 462: 444: 418: 257: 248:. After exhibiting the diamond on tour for several years, Winston donated it in 1958 to the 79: 4932: 5569: 5358:

François Farges, Scott Sucher, Herbert Horovitz and Jean-Marc Fourcault (September 2008),

4962: 4433: 3422: 3041: 2747: 2699: 2250: 2198: 2104:

Some years (after Hendrik) "it was sold to Francis Deaulieu, who died in misery and want."

2081: 2058:

Sultan Hamid gave it to Abu Sabir to "polish" but later Sabir was imprisoned and tortured.

1926: 1344: 1305: 1137: 1093: 920: 796: 676: 387: 331:'s laboratory determined the diamond to weigh 45.52 carats (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz). 293: 218: 5042:

s "Miscellany section"; the caption for the illustration was "Remarkable Jewel a Hoodoo".

4673: 3395: 2017:

There is evidence of several newspaper accounts which helped spread the "curse" story. A

1050:

As Lord Francis Hope, this grandson received his legacy in 1887. However, he had only a

919:

A blue diamond with the same shape, size, and color as the Hope Diamond was recorded by

5255:

Balfour, Famous diamonds. Antique Collectors' Club Ltd; 6th Revised edition (Dec. 2009)

4728: 3306: 3301: 2888: 2834: 2818: 2534: 2407: 2222: 2142: 2128: 1978: 1743: 1563: 1395: 1117: 975: 962:, may have helped procure the diamond for the British monarch, but records are lacking. 924: 884: 684: 629: 582: 555: 508:

atoms formed strong bonds with each other. The Hope Diamond was originally embedded in

285: 268: 1846:

Settings, mountings, scientific study; weight found to be 45.52 metric carats in 1974

1316:

The Hope Diamond prior to being put in its new setting at the National Gem Collection.

5558: 4338: 4230: 4015: 4011:"Amorphous diamond, a new super-hard form of carbon created under ultrahigh pressure" 2743: 2602: 2156: 2133: 2049:

Prince Ivan Kanitovski bought it from Colet but was killed by Russian revolutionists.

1995: 1819: 1272: 1268: 1074: 1002: 609: 348: 237: 230: 202:. Its exceptional size has revealed new information about the formation of diamonds. 199: 95: 4400: 3118:

Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien Régime

939: 365: 4322:

As far as he can learn, the authentic history of this gem goes back only to 1830...

4229:. Stanford University & Le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Archived from 3275: 1329: 1308:

package used to deliver the Hope Diamond to the National Museum of Natural History.

1012: 979: 618: 301: 276:

The Hope Diamond is a large, 45.52-carat (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz), deep-blue

241: 3550: 3415:

The Hope Diamond phosphoresces a fiery red color when exposed to ultraviolet light

2915:

and manganese pigments to simulate as close as possible the original color of the

2841:), led by Scott Sucher. These replicas have been completed and displayed with the 2770:

of up to 5 carats (1,000 mg; 0.035 oz) and nearly 300 smaller diamonds.

369:

The Hope Diamond in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., 2014.

3116: 2064:

A Turkish attendant named Hehver Agha was hanged for having it in his possession.

1186:

The brouhaha over the diamond's supposed "ill luck" prompted a worried editor of

993:

The stone was later reported to have been acquired by a rich London banker named

569:, who obtained the gem in India in 1666, suggest that the gemstone originated in 4046: 3151:"The Secret History Of The Hope Diamond: How Pierre Cartier Sold A Cursed Jewel" 2872: 2641: 2480: 2152: 2018: 1868: 1680: 1320: 1058: 1051: 954: 665: 574: 448: 297: 187: 126: 105: 5420:, New York: HarperCollins Publishers & Smithsonian Press, 2006. hardcover, 2978:

Computer reconstruction of the "French Blue" diamond, as cut by Jean Pitau for

2046:

Jacques Colet bought the Hope Diamond from Simon Frankel and committed suicide.

1312: 5519:

The Hope Diamond at Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History

4045:. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. July 9, 2011. Archived from 3031: 2982:

in 1673 (ca. 31 mm × 25 mm (1.22 in × 0.98 in)).

2966:

by Farges (ca. 31 mm × 26 mm (1.2 in × 1.0 in)).

2138: 1069: 817: 724: 509: 2817:

to jewel merchant Eliason to get much-needed cash when the British currency,

791:

On September 11, 1792, while Louis XVI and his family were imprisoned in the

47: 34: 5531: 4842:"See the Hope Diamond in its New Setting, Unveiled Today at Natural History" 4817: 2235: 2097:

William Fals' son Hendrik stole the jewel from his father and later died by

2032: 1987: 1514: 1473: 1154: 1008: 848: 843:

technology to digitally reconstruct the French Blue around the recut stone.

668: 422: 312: 226: 17: 1805:

Weight thought to be 44.5 carats (44.5-carat (8.90 g; 0.314 oz))

1085:

in New York it was evaluated to be worth $ 141,032 ($ 5.17 million today).

5478: 4094:, Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, 3rd ed., Routledge, 1998, p. 160; 69: 4359: 3477:

Glenn Osten Anderson – Dr. Jeffrey Post (Smithsonian) (October 2, 2009).

3240:"Hope Diamond Is Sold; Sultan Said to Have Paid $ 400,000 for Famous Gem" 3201: 2838: 1492: 892: 862: 434: 430: 396: 377: 5010:"Papers Past – Hawke's Bay Herald – 25 April 1888 – Two Famous Diamonds" 2924: 2052:

Kanitovski loaned it to Mlle Ladue who was "murdered by her sweetheart."

1974:

The Hope Diamond in the National Gem Collection in its original setting.

1970: 5485:

Secrets of the Gem Trade: The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones

3898:

Secrets of the Gem Trade, The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones

2947: 2666: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2098: 1893: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1263: 742: 501: 497: 337:: The diamond has been compared in size and shape to a pigeon egg or a 277: 2485:

Musical actress, divorced, remarried several times, died poor, age 72

813:, the French Blue was not among them and it disappeared from history. 405:: The clarity was determined to be VS1, with whitish graining present. 5541: 2950:

ribbon, made of crimson satin moire, holds the jewel inside the box.

2916: 2850: 2810: 2763: 1361: 866: 858: 824: 756: 752: 751:

by court jeweler André Jacquemin. The assembled piece included a red

699: 691: 578: 505: 338: 191: 209:. Its recorded history begins in 1666, when the French gem merchant 1153:

Pierre Cartier tried to sell the Hope Diamond to Washington, D.C.,

417:: In 2010, the diamond was removed from its setting to measure its 5405:, Harpercollins Children's Books (October 1991), trade paperback, 3381: 2962:

Lead cast of the "French Blue" diamond, discovered in 2007 at the

2160: 2068: 1977: 1969: 1825: 1319: 1311: 1300: 1290: 1131: 1122: 1092: 953: 938: 834:

model of the latter was rediscovered in the archives of the Paris

715: 648: 647: 614: 570: 565:

Several accounts, based on remarks written by French gem merchant

493: 475: 426: 392: 364: 289: 267: 214: 195: 1569:

About 44 non-metric carats (44-carat (8.8 g; 0.31 oz))

5362:, vol. 165, pp. 17–24 (in French) (English version 2009 in 4307:"Editor Jewelers' Circular Writes of the Stories of Misfortunes" 4074:, C.E.B. Asher and C. Talbot, Cambridge University Press, 2006, 2912: 2031:

in 1908. In 1909 upon reporting on the sale of the Hope Diamond

1998: 1057:

In 1894, Lord Francis Hope met the American concert hall singer

831: 760: 695: 4587:"Mrs. MacLean's Fabulous Diamond Frequently Lost Like A Bauble" 1339:. On November 10, 1958, Winston acquiesced, sending it through 604:), contains sketches of several large diamonds that he sold to 236:

The Hope Diamond's last private owner was the American jeweler

3256:

The stone is a sapphire blue diamond weighing 44 3/8 carats...

2635: 1862: 1748:

44 3/8 carats (44.375-carat (8.8750 g; 0.31306 oz))

5458:

Shipley, Robert M. & A. McC. Beckley (July–August 1935).

2094:

Jeweler William Fals who recut the stone "died a ruined man."

2071:

to Paris was "torn to pieces by wild dogs in Constantinople."

1285:

was one of the mystery guests, as well as at the August 1958

899:. Although Caroline was the wife of the Prince Regent (later 628:, gemologist and historian Richard W. Wise proposes that the 5083:. No. 38995. London, England. June 25, 1909. p. 5. 4274:"The Order of the Golden Fleece | European knighthood order" 1289:. At some point, Winston also had the Hope Diamond's bottom 1149:, in 1912. The couple owned the Hope Diamond for many years. 755:

of 107-carat (21.4 g; 0.75 oz) carats shaped as a

5034:(HarperCollins, 2006), p. 364; the article, drawn from the 2470:

Bankruptcy; forced to sell it; lived 1866–1941 died age 75

1408:

The Hope returned to its traditional setting in late 2010.

887:

as part of a plan to bribe an opposing military commander,

702:

for the neck which was worn by the king during ceremonies.

4337:. Mineralsciences.si.edu. February 6, 2007. Archived from 2754:

structure allowed researchers to apply techniques such as

1704:$ 141,032 (approximately £28,206). Second est: $ 148,000 1479:

Triangular 69 metric-carat gem set on a cravat-pin 1674.

872:

Morel adds that in 1796, Guillot attempted to resell the

799:, a group of thieves broke into the Royal Storehouse—the 386:: The stone exhibits an unusually intense, brilliant red 5542:"Skeptoid #499: The Hope Diamond: A Curse Deconstructed" 3335:

Randolph E. Schmid, Associated Press (January 8, 2008).

741:, had the French Blue set into a more elaborate jeweled 4958:

Curse of the mummy's tomb invented by Victorian writers

2061:

Stone guardian Kulub Bey was hanged by a mob in Turkey.

1833:

NYC jeweler; he took it around the US to popularize it

425:

deep, preliminary experiments detected the presence of

5306: 5304: 5272: 5270: 974:; however, there is no record of the ownership in the 5055:

The Mummy's Curse: The true history of a dark fantasy

982:

with family heirlooms and his own personal property.

5532:

Smithsonian Institution Spotlight – The Hope Diamond

5246:

Bapst G. (1889) Les joyaux de la Couronne. Hachette.

4672:. Postalmuseum.si.edu. June 29, 1909. Archived from 3833:"U.S. has Sun King's stolen gem, say French experts" 3361:

David Beresford; Lee Glendinning (August 28, 2007).

2326:

Long prosperous reign; lived 1638–1715, died age 76

2151:

as well as stories about the curse of Egyptian king

1109:

business ran into financial difficulties during the

923:

as in the possession of the London diamond merchant

292:

within its crystal structure, and it exhibits a red

5418:

Hope Diamond: The Legendary History of a Cursed Gem

5233: 5231: 5229: 5032:

Hope Diamond: The Legendary History of a Cursed Gem

4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4136:

Hope Diamond, The Legendary History of a Cursed Gem

3876:

Characterizing Natural-color Type IIb Blue Diamonds

2883:69 carats (13.8 g; 0.49 oz) masterpiece. 1081:. Francis Hope and May Yohé were divorced in 1902. 795:during the early stages of the French Revolution's 288:color under ordinary light due to trace amounts of 168: 158: 148: 140: 132: 122: 114: 104: 94: 86: 5148: 4729:"George Switzer, 92, Dies; Started a Gem Treasury" 4643:"George Switzer; Got Hope Diamond for Smithsonian" 4372: 3302:"George Switzer, 92, Dies; Started a Gem Treasury" 3202:"Historical Time Line, The French Blue / Part III" 2931:The silver matrix was carved by Jean Minassian of 1655:Hope gave his daughter the gem after she married. 4813:"Hope Diamond to get new setting for anniversary" 4207:, Brunswick House Press, 2010, Afterword p. 581. 2590:Edward had mental illness and died aged 51 or 52; 1691:May Yohé was the wife of Lord Henry Francis Hope 1324:The Hope Diamond in the "Embracing Hope" setting. 1113:and referred to the gem as the "hoodoo diamond." 543:Tavernier's original sketch of the Tavernier Blue 182:is a 45.52 carats (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz) 4897:"Hope & Despair: The 'Curse' of The Diamond" 4756:"Washington Talk: Briefing; New Smithsonian Gem" 3425:; Hatelberg, John Nels; Smithsonian Institution. 3078:The diamond's weight was formerly thought to be 2837:, with the help of artisans who work with gems ( 5403:The Curse of the Hope Diamond (History Mystery) 5346:the official bookbinders of the kings of France 4263:alternate possible name: Jean Pitau (1617–1676) 4250: 4248: 2281:What happened to owners and wearers of the gem 2174: 1242: 1221: 1192: 1169: 869:, where the French Blue was cut in two pieces. 704: 621:—the equivalent of 147 kilograms of pure gold. 515: 454: 27:Historic 45.52-carat diamond of deep-blue color 5448:, Random House (April 1999), trade paperback, 4696:"Harry Winston: The Man Who Gave Away The Gem" 4360:Hope Diamond originally came from French crown 2313:Acquired between 1640 and 1667, possibly 1653 2221:; and the forced abdication of Turkish Sultan 1465:Acquired between 1640 and 1667, possibly 1653 5473:, George Bell & Sons, (1882), hardcover, 5215: 5213: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 8: 5600:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 5388:Collecting and Classifying Coloured Diamonds 4474: 4472: 4470: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 2891:. There is a report that a curator from the 1097:The Hope Diamond with case lights turned on. 1001:, members of the Anglo-Dutch banking family 492:The Hope Diamond was formed deep within the 307:The Hope Diamond is currently housed in the 260:, where it remains on permanent exhibition. 62: 5446:Blue Mystery: The Story of the Hope Diamond 4864: 4862: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3863:Collecting and Classifying Colored Diamonds 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 2964:National Museum of Natural History (France) 2592:Evalyn died aged 60 from pneumonia in 1947 2525:Possibly as agent for Turkish Sultan Hamid 2451:Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle 1751:400,000 francs; second estimate: $ 80,000. 1459:112.5 Old French karats, 116 metric carats 1293:slightly recut to increase its brilliance. 652:Gouache of the great Golden Fleece of King 221:the gem and renaming it "the French Blue" ( 90:45.52 carats (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz) 5328:according to the 1774 and 1791 inventories 4722: 4720: 3831:Agence France-Presse (November 18, 2008). 3631:"Storied Hope Diamond gets a new necklace" 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3337:"Blue diamonds have a red glow about them" 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 2899:The emblem had a third great gem known as 2543:Disputed whether the Sultan ever owned it 2279: 1427: 1343:in a box wrapped in brown paper as simple 68: 5319:Bapst, 1889; Morel, 1988; Tillander, 1995 4895:Sarah Booth Conroy (September 29, 1997). 4698:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 4443: 4441: 4130: 4128: 4126: 3650: 3648: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 2726:Learn how and when to remove this message 2145:. The theme can be seen in films such as 1953:Learn how and when to remove this message 1811:Entire McLean collection sold to Winston 1591:Sold to pay off king's debts after death 958:There is speculation that George's wife, 4840:Magazine, Smithsonian; Righthand, Jess. 4559:Nancy DeWolf Smith (November 19, 2010). 3363:"Miners unearth world's biggest diamond" 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3110: 3108: 2855:Golden Fleece of King Louis XV of France 2610:Jeweler who gave it to Smithsonian 1958 1664:Lord Francis Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle 1637:Displayed at the 1851 London Exhibition 936:France were, indeed, the same gemstone. 233:, from whom the diamond's name derives. 5186:"Redécouverte d'une rélique historique" 4225:Farges, François (September 18, 2008). 3892: 3890: 3176:"What Secrets Lie in The Hope Diamond?" 3104: 3071: 2952: 2853:of different-colored gems known as the 2091:, was "torn to pieces by a French mob." 1646:Henry Pelham-Clinton, Duke of Newcastle 522:Jeffrey Post, Smithsonian curator, 2008 5595:Jewelry in the Smithsonian Institution 5375:, Ballantine (March 2002), hardcover, 5165:– via British Newspaper Archive. 4869:All Things Considered (May 23, 2012). 4389:– via British Newspaper Archive. 4305:Willson, T. Edgar (February 7, 1911). 2998:, presented by H. Horovitz (left) and 2067:Tavernier, who brought the stone from 1849:$ 200–$ 250 million (if sold in 2011) 1828:slightly recut to increase brilliance 61: 4807: 4805: 4023:from the original on February 3, 2023 3121:. Berg Publishers. pp. 111–112. 2994:The recreated great Golden Fleece of 2393:King George IV of the United Kingdom 2155:and in more recent films such as the 1986:The diamond has been surrounded by a 1200:T. Edgar Willson, in an editorial in 1007:The stone was set in a fairly simple 737:In 1749, Louis XIV's great-grandson, 681:diamant bleu de la Couronne de France 585:(which, at the time, was part of the 7: 4479:Evalyn Walsh McLean (July 9, 2011). 4009:Bergeron, Louis (October 17, 2011). 3397:UV Light Makes Hope Diamond Glow Red 2664:adding citations to reliable sources 1891:adding citations to reliable sources 1788:Conflicting estimates of sale price 1029:1855 Exposition Universelle in Paris 801:Hôtel du Garde-Meuble de la Couronne 787:Theft, disappearance and concealment 711:report by Agence France-Presse, 2008 664:In 1678, Louis XIV commissioned the 355:measurements to be grayer (lower in 351:similar to the Hope can be shown by 244:of the mining heiress and socialite 4933:"Mystery of the Hope Diamond Curse" 4931:Benjamin Radford (April 30, 2014). 4821:. Associated Press. August 19, 2009 3987:. Associated Press. October 3, 2003 2496:Adolph Weil, London jewel merchant 2213:and the rape and mutilation of the 1966:Superstitions, publicity, marketing 1699:Adolph Weil, London jewel merchant 1616:Became known as the "Hope Diamond" 816:On January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was 673:Blue Diamond of the Crown of France 309:National Gem and Mineral collection 4782:"Tech Solves Hope Diamond Mystery" 3060:National Museum of Natural History 3050:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom 2740:National Museum of Natural History 2399:Doubtful whether he ever owned it 1403:National Museum of Natural History 1358:National Museum of Natural History 1356:For its first four decades in the 1337:National Museum of Natural History 836:National Museum of Natural History 602:Les Six Voyages de J. B. Tavernier 254:National Museum of Natural History 76:National Museum of Natural History 25: 4871:"A New Look For The Hope Diamond" 4618:. August 16, 1955. Archived from 4481:"...the diamond's notorious past" 3981:"Hope Diamond still holds allure" 1754:Disputed whether Sultan owned it 1498:Assembled into elaborate pendant 240:, who bought it in 1949 from the 5501:, Brunswick House Press, (2010) 5464:Gemological Institute of America 5095:"The Misfortunes of Selim Habib" 4727:Hevesi, Dennis (April 6, 2008). 4043:"The Hope Diamond in Full Color" 3936:Caputo, Joseph (November 2010). 3300:Hevesi, Dennis (April 6, 2008). 3034: 3014: 2987: 2971: 2955: 2640: 2540:Deposed 1909; died 1918, age 75 2247:The Mystery of the Hope Diamond, 1867: 1688:£29,000 (£2,484,530 as of 2011) 1566:, a London jeweler and receiver 1385:Gemological Institute of America 1089:The United States (1902–present) 932:for the crime had taken effect. 656:, version 1 of 2008, painted by 548: 536: 329:Gemological Institute of America 5487:, Brunswick House Press (2003) 5471:The Great Diamonds of the World 3115:McCabe, Ina Baghdiantz (2008). 2651:needs additional citations for 2413:Died 17 November 1824, aged 71 2038:These were followed by another 1878:needs additional citations for 1613:Henry Phillip Hope (1774–1839) 1610:Sometime between 1830 and 1839 1583:George IV of the United Kingdom 1172:with their wealth of knowledge. 968:George IV of the United Kingdom 948:George IV of the United Kingdom 901:George IV of the United Kingdom 723:before her public execution by 5038:and appeared on page 4 of the 4641:Holley, Joe (March 27, 2008). 4585:Lyons, Leonard (May 1, 1947). 4374:"£30,000 for the Hope Diamond" 1383:In 1988, specialists with the 889:Duke Karl Wilhelm of Brunswick 1: 5373:Hope: Adventures of a Diamond 4612:"Clifton Fadiman (biography)" 4401:"History of the Hope Diamond" 3149:Brickell, Francesca Cartier. 2785:data about the Hope diamond. 2750:sketches of the diamond. The 2607:Lived 1896–1978, died age 83 2568:Lived 1878–1964, died age 86 2520:Selim Habib (Salomon? Habib) 2455:Lived 1834–1879, died age 45 2428:Lived 1769–1831, died age 62 2396:Lived 1762–1830, died age 67 2341:Lived 1710–1774, died age 64 2310:Lived 1605–1689; died age 84 2197:and French finance minister, 1728:Selim Habib (Salomon? Habib) 1188:The Jewelers' Circular-Weekly 1145:and his wife, mining heiress 1027:of London in 1851 and at the 558:replica of the Tavernier Blue 300:light. It is classified as a 225:), Tavernier sold it to King 100:Fancy Dark Greyish Blue (GTA) 5460:Famous Diamonds of the World 5157:. England. November 22, 1824 5079:"Sale of the Hope Diamond". 4381:. England. November 14, 1901 3835:. Canada.com. Archived from 2356:Guillotined in 1793, age 38 1287:Canadian National Exhibition 1045:Henry Francis Pelham-Clinton 465:reporter Ron Edmonds in 2003 5012:. Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz 4561:"Searching Lennon's Psyche" 2901:The Côte de Bretagne dragon 2847:Great Sapphire of Louis XIV 5636: 5524:Video of Hope Diamond via 5058:. OUP Oxford. p. 22. 4335:"Francois Farges Abstract" 3938:"Testing the Hope Diamond" 3421:December 12, 2020, at the 2488:Wife of Lord Francis Hope 2449: 2074:King Louis XIV gave it to 2001:. However, much like the " 1852:Insured for $ 250 million 1734: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1683:, Lady Henry Francis Hope 1525: 1506: 1500:Order of the Golden Fleece 811:Order of the Golden Fleece 748:Order of the Golden Fleece 421:. After boring a hole one 5052:Luckhurst, Roger (2012). 3629:AFP (November 20, 2010). 3200:Wise, Richard W. (2010). 2623:Prospered, attendance up 2371:Guillotined 1793, age 37 1125:and resold it in 1910 to 624:In the historical novel, 272:The Hope Diamond in 1974. 67: 5296:d'une eau un peu céleste 4980:. Movies & TV Dept. 4670:"National Postal Museum" 2980:King Louis XIV of France 2242:The Hope Diamond Mystery 2078:whom later he abandoned. 1785:$ 150K; $ 300K+; $ 185K 781:Mathurin Jacques Brisson 327:: In December 1988, the 198:, the Hope Diamond is a 74:The Hope Diamond in the 4976:Jason Buchanan (2011). 4565:The Wall Street Journal 4432:March 27, 2014, at the 4405:Smithsonian Institution 4278:Encyclopedia Britannica 4192:The French Crown Jewels 3440:Smithsonian Institution 3400:; Schmid, Randolph E.; 3180:Smithsonian Institution 2996:King Louis XV of France 2619:Smithsonian Institution 2306:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 1842:Smithsonian Institution 1455:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 1231:The Wall Street Journal 891:. When under attack by 698:and was supported by a 567:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 361:fancy deep grayish blue 280:, studded in a pendant 250:Smithsonian Institution 211:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 163:Smithsonian Institution 153:Jean-Baptiste Tavernier 5390:, Ashland Press 1998, 4616:Hollywood Walk of Fame 3884:, Vol. 34, #01, p. 249 2756:computer-aided drawing 2276:Owners and their fates 2201:, during the reign of 2191: 1983: 1975: 1579:Between 1812 and 1830 1378:Janet Annenberg Hooker 1325: 1317: 1309: 1259: 1240:security precautions: 1237: 1207: 1184: 1150: 1098: 963: 951: 930:statute of limitations 734: 733:, on October 16, 1793. 730:Place de la Révolution 714: 680: 661: 596:Tavernier's book, the 525: 468: 370: 273: 205:The Hope Diamond is a 5620:Caroline of Brunswick 5540:(December 29, 2015). 5442:Susanne Steinem Patch 5401:Janet Hubbard-Brown, 5298:"; Bion et al., 1791) 5264:(Farges et al., 2008) 4676:on September 27, 2013 4427:NY Times article 1908 3917:Wise, ibid. pp. 29–30 2783:optical spectroscopic 2588:Couple divorced 1932; 2215:Princesse de Lamballe 2195:Athenais de Montespan 1981: 1973: 1533:Government of France 1323: 1315: 1304: 1297:Smithsonian ownership 1135: 1096: 1065:to sell the diamond. 972:Caroline of Brunswick 960:Caroline of Brunswick 957: 942: 897:Caroline of Brunswick 719: 651: 634:Jean-Baptiste Colbert 504:, it was formed when 488:Geological beginnings 368: 271: 217:in uncut form. After 48:38.89094°N 77.02573°W 5590:Individual necklaces 4990:on November 19, 2011 4966:. December 31, 2000. 4846:Smithsonian Magazine 4622:on December 11, 2015 3839:on November 10, 2012 2660:improve this article 2205:; the beheadings of 2089:Princess de Lamballe 2087:A temporary wearer, 2003:curse of Tutankhamun 1887:improve this article 1033:Henry Pelham-Clinton 770:. whose wife, queen 500:years ago. Like all 419:chemical composition 415:Chemical composition 5585:Individual diamonds 5365:Gems & Gemology 5360:Revue de Gemmologie 5337:"maroquin cramoisi" 5310:Farges et al., 2008 5276:Farges et al., 2009 5221:Revue de Gemmologie 5175:Farges et al., 2009 4648:The Washington Post 4455:. November 17, 1909 4168:. November 14, 1901 4072:India Before Europe 3950:on January 13, 2011 3881:Gems & Gemology 2843:French Crown Jewels 2584:Evalyn Walsh McLean 2579:Edward Beale McLean 2410:, a London jeweler 2352:Louis XVI of France 2322:Louis XIV of France 2282: 2258:Catherine the Great 2203:Louis XIV of France 2076:Madame de Montespan 2028:The Washington Post 1801:Evalyn Walsh McLean 1797:Edward Beale McLean 1572:$ 65,000; $ 90,000 1430: 1278:The Name's the Same 1158:Evalyn Walsh McLean 1147:Evalyn Walsh McLean 1143:Edward Beale McLean 988:Elizabeth Conyngham 970:, possibly through 944:Coronation portrait 905:Duke Karl Friedrich 776:French Crown Jewels 774:, used many of the 319:Physical properties 246:Evalyn Walsh McLean 231:Hope banking family 172:US$ 200–350 million 64: 53:38.89094; -77.02573 44: / 5386:Stephen C. Hofer, 5127:The New York Times 4983:The New York Times 4790:. February 9, 2005 4762:. February 2, 1988 4760:The New York Times 4734:The New York Times 4702:on August 26, 2009 4540:. February 3, 1912 4538:The New York Times 4512:The New York Times 4453:The New York Times 4311:The New York Times 4203:Wise, Richard W., 4166:The New York Times 4092:A History of India 3900:, Ch. 38, p. 235. 3896:Wise, Richard W., 3773:. January 29, 1911 3771:The New York Times 3662:. October 30, 1910 3660:The New York Times 3551:"The Hope Diamond" 3276:"The Hope Diamond" 3244:The New York Times 2946:house. A dark red 2438:Henry Philip Hope 2374:Wife of Louis XVI 2337:Louis XV of France 2280: 2185:The New York Times 2112:The New York Times 2011:The New York Times 1984: 1976: 1629:Henry Thomas Hope 1440:Change in diamond 1429:Changes over time 1428: 1326: 1318: 1310: 1253:The New York Times 1202:The New York Times 1179:The New York Times 1164:The New York Times 1151: 1111:depression of 1907 1105:The New York Times 1099: 964: 952: 915:The United Kingdom 806:Hôtel de la Marine 735: 662: 654:Louis XV of France 638:patent of nobility 630:patent of nobility 591:Qutb Shahi dynasty 496:approximately 1.1 374:incandescent light 371: 296:under exposure to 274: 5575:Golconda diamonds 5507:978-0-9728223-6-7 5497:Richard W. Wise, 5483:Richard W. Wise, 5065:978-0-19-164098-8 4213:978-0-9728223-6-7 3066:Explanatory notes 2909:Galerie d'Apollon 2752:three-dimensional 2736: 2735: 2728: 2710: 2629: 2628: 2466:Lord Francis Hope 2262:Warren G. Harding 2219:French Revolution 1963: 1962: 1955: 1937: 1856: 1855: 1824:Diamond's bottom 1520:69 metric carats 1424:Changes over time 1271:diamond merchant 1079:William L. Strong 1037:Duke of Newcastle 1021:Henry Thomas Hope 999:Henry Philip Hope 286:dark greyish-blue 223:Le bleu de France 176: 175: 115:Country of origin 16:(Redirected from 5627: 5551: 5469:Edwin Streeter, 5466:, Vol. 1, No. 10 5462:, pp. 5–8. 5347: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5299: 5292: 5286: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5224: 5217: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5198:on July 20, 2011 5197: 5191:. Archived from 5190: 5182: 5176: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5129:. March 10, 1911 5119: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5049: 5043: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4986:. Archived from 4973: 4967: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4928: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4907: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4514:. March 12, 1911 4504: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4476: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4436: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4362:Associated Press 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4341:on July 16, 2011 4331: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4222: 4216: 4201: 4195: 4190:Morel, Bernard, 4188: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4158: 4139: 4132: 4121: 4108: 4102: 4089: 4083: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3977: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3946:. Archived from 3933: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3894: 3885: 3872: 3866: 3861:Hofer, Stephen, 3859: 3853: 3852: 3846: 3844: 3828: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3763: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3652: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3626: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3547: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3474: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3432: 3426: 3411: 3405: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3236: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3128:978-1845203-74-0 3112: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3076: 3055:List of diamonds 3044: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3018: 3008: 2991: 2975: 2959: 2867: 2731: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2668: 2644: 2636: 2367:Marie Antoinette 2283: 2266:Florence Harding 2211:Marie Antoinette 2189: 2082:Nicholas Fouquet 1958: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1895: 1871: 1863: 1443:Value when sold 1431: 1366:Rand Easter Show 1257: 1235: 1205: 1182: 1025:Great Exhibition 874:Côte-de-Bretagne 856:Côte-de-Bretagne 793:Square du Temple 772:Marie Antoinette 721:Marie Antoinette 712: 587:Golconda kingdom 552: 540: 523: 466: 463:Associated Press 445:Associated Press 302:type IIb diamond 258:Washington, D.C. 213:purchased it in 207:Golconda diamond 80:Washington, D.C. 72: 65: 59: 58: 56: 55: 54: 49: 45: 42: 41: 40: 37: 21: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5555: 5554: 5536: 5515: 5499:The French Blue 5416:Richard Kurin, 5371:Marian Fowler, 5355: 5353:Further reading 5350: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5227: 5219:Farges et al. 5218: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5103: 5101: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5036:New York Herald 5030:Richard Kurin, 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4963:The Independent 4955: 4951: 4938: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4918: 4905: 4903: 4901:Washington Post 4894: 4893: 4889: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4726: 4725: 4718: 4705: 4703: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4496: 4486: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4434:Wayback Machine 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4233:on July 1, 2014 4224: 4223: 4219: 4205:The French Blue 4202: 4198: 4189: 4185: 4171: 4169: 4160: 4159: 4142: 4134:Kurin, Richard 4133: 4124: 4111:Deccan Heritage 4109: 4105: 4090: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4052: 4050: 4049:on May 25, 2011 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3990: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3895: 3888: 3874:King, et al., " 3873: 3869: 3860: 3856: 3842: 3840: 3830: 3829: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3765: 3764: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3557:. July 11, 2011 3555:The Smithsonian 3549: 3548: 3501: 3488: 3486: 3476: 3475: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3423:Wayback Machine 3412: 3408: 3394: 3390: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3274: 3273: 3262: 3249: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3206:The French Blue 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3113: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3042:Minerals portal 3040: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3023: 3019: 3010: 3002: 3000:François Farges 2992: 2983: 2976: 2967: 2960: 2861: 2859:François Farges 2748:two-dimensional 2732: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2669: 2667: 2657: 2645: 2634: 2591: 2589: 2582: 2287: 2278: 2199:Nicolas Fouquet 2190: 2181: 1968: 1959: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1896: 1894: 1884: 1872: 1861: 1859:Curse mythology 1767:550,000 francs 1426: 1345:registered mail 1306:Registered Mail 1299: 1258: 1249: 1236: 1227: 1206: 1199: 1183: 1176: 1138:Washington Post 1091: 921:John Francillon 917: 878:debtors' prison 797:Reign of Terror 789: 713: 710: 660:(c. 16 × 6 cm). 646: 626:The French Blue 563: 562: 561: 560: 559: 553: 545: 544: 541: 530: 524: 521: 490: 485: 467: 461: 433:, and possibly 388:phosphorescence 384:Phosphorescence 321: 294:phosphorescence 266: 169:Estimated value 110:Antique cushion 82: 52: 50: 46: 43: 38: 35: 33: 31: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5610:Georges Danton 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5538:Dunning, Brian 5534: 5529: 5521: 5514: 5513:External links 5511: 5510: 5509: 5495: 5481: 5467: 5456: 5439: 5429: 5414: 5399: 5384: 5369: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5321: 5312: 5300: 5287: 5278: 5266: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5225: 5209: 5177: 5168: 5140: 5114: 5086: 5071: 5064: 5044: 5023: 5001: 4968: 4956:Keys, David. " 4949: 4935:. Live Science 4916: 4887: 4858: 4832: 4801: 4773: 4747: 4716: 4687: 4661: 4633: 4603: 4591:The Miami News 4577: 4551: 4525: 4494: 4466: 4437: 4417: 4392: 4364: 4352: 4326: 4290: 4265: 4256: 4244: 4217: 4196: 4183: 4140: 4122: 4103: 4084: 4064: 4034: 4001: 3961: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3886: 3867: 3854: 3784: 3673: 3644: 3568: 3499: 3452: 3436:"Hope Diamond" 3427: 3406: 3388: 3353: 3320: 3307:New York Times 3292: 3260: 3218: 3192: 3167: 3141: 3127: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3011: 2993: 2986: 2984: 2977: 2970: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2889:Régent diamond 2835:cubic zirconia 2790:René Just Haüy 2734: 2733: 2675:"Hope Diamond" 2648: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2586: 2576: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564:Pierre Cartier 2561: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2551:Simon Rosenau 2549: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535:Abdul Hamid II 2531: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2508:Simon Frankel 2506: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2408:Daniel Eliason 2405: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2277: 2274: 2179: 2143:Orloff diamond 2131:' 1868 novel, 2129:Wilkie Collins 2121:Pierre Cartier 2106: 2105: 2102: 2095: 2092: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2040:New York Times 1967: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1902:"Hope Diamond" 1875: 1873: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1778:Pierre Cartier 1775: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1762:Simon Rosenau 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1714:Simon Frankel 1712: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564:Daniel Eliason 1561: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1434:Date acquired 1425: 1422: 1333:George Switzer 1298: 1295: 1247: 1225: 1197: 1174: 1127:Pierre Cartier 1090: 1087: 1003:Hope & Co. 976:Royal Archives 925:Daniel Eliason 916: 913: 885:Georges Danton 788: 785: 708: 645: 642: 606:King Louis XIV 583:Andhra Pradesh 556:Cubic zirconia 554: 547: 546: 542: 535: 534: 533: 532: 531: 529: 526: 519: 489: 486: 484: 481: 480: 479: 459: 453: 452: 441:Touch and feel 438: 412: 406: 400: 381: 342: 335:Size and shape 332: 320: 317: 265: 264:Classification 262: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 150: 149:Original owner 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 124: 123:Mine of origin 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 108: 102: 101: 98: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 73: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5632: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5565:Blue diamonds 5563: 5562: 5560: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5494: 5493:0-9728223-8-0 5490: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5455: 5454:0-8109-2797-7 5451: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5426:0-06-087351-5 5423: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5411:0-380-76222-6 5408: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5396:0-9659410-1-9 5393: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5381:0-345-44486-8 5378: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5343: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5316: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5285:(Morel, 1988) 5282: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5194: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5156: 5151: 5144: 5141: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5082: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5011: 5005: 5002: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4934: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4872: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4833: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4596:September 12, 4592: 4588: 4581: 4578: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4552: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4421: 4418: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4380: 4379:Leeds Mercury 4375: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4353: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4254:Morel, p. 166 4251: 4249: 4245: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119:81-7371-285-9 4116: 4112: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4100:0-415-15482-0 4097: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4080:0-521-80904-5 4077: 4073: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4016:Science Daily 4012: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3906:0-9728223-8-0 3903: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3632: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3342: 3338: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3246:. May 6, 1908 3245: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3193: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3134:September 28, 3130: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3075: 3072: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3032: 3027: 3017: 3012: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2893:French museum 2890: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807:Golden Fleece 2803: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2730: 2727: 2719: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2677: – 2676: 2672: 2671:Find sources: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2649:This section 2647: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2603:Harry Winston 2601: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2285: 2284: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2157:Indiana Jones 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2134:The Moonstone 2130: 2124: 2122: 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