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is described as being a relatively large nematode (1.1–15.mm) with a large heavily defined cephalic framework, including a large stylet with tulip shaped knobs. The nematode has a cuticle with 4–6 layers. The lips are offset with 4–5 annules, which are divided into tile-like structures. The nematodes
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as they are on other nematodes. Pre-planting dips may be an effective way to ensure that turf being planted does not carry over nematodes to the planting site. There are also many cultural practices that can reduce or prevent the population of
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body is slightly curved when relaxed. Females have two ovaries which overlap the spermatheca. The vulva is found near the center of the body and the rectum near the tip of the tail. Males are smaller than the female, have an arcuate
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is a migratory endoparasitic nematode but can also be found feeding semi-endoparasitically. Due to the migratory nature of the nematode, large necrotic lesions form in the plants root system as the nematode moves and feeds.
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Crow, W. T., Brammer, A. S. 2001. Lance
Nematode, Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchoidea: Hoplolaimidae). University of Florida IFAS Extennsion.
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MacGowan JB, Dunn RA. 1989. Hoplolaimus galeatus: lance nematode on St. Augustinegrass from
Florida.. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry. Nematology Circular 161. Gainesville,
292:. Some of these practices include; adequate watering, limiting activity on the turf, making certain the soil is aerated, applying fertilizers and avoidance of shaded areas when planting.
270:, it is known to infect; alfalfa, apple, beans, bananas, cabbage, chrysanthemums, clover, corn, cotton, oak, peanuts, peas, pine, sweet potatoes, sycamore, and wheat.
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Johnson, A.W. 1970. Control of the Lance
Nematode, Hoplolaimus galeatus, on 'Tifdwarf' Bermudagrass by Chemical Dips. Journal of Nematology. Vol.2 No. 2. 179-181.
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Thorne, G., and R. B. Malek. 1968. Nematodes of the northern Great Plains. Part I. Tylenchida (Nema: Secernentea) Tech. Bull. S. Dak. Agric. Exp. Sin. 31.
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Evans, K., Trudgill, D.L., Webster, J.M., 1993. Plant
Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture. University Press, Cambridge. Pg 31
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Fortuner, R.1991. The
Hoplolaiminae. W.R. Nickle ed., Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y. pp. 669-720
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Can be found worldwide in North
America, Sumatra, Central and South America, India and Tanzania. In the United States
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Krall, E. L. 1985. Root
Parasitic Nematodes Family Hoplolaimidae. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, pg 96.
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has been reported along the east coast, along the
Mississippi river, Colorado and Southern California.
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Crow, W.T. (2001). Nematode management for golf courses in
Florida. Univ. of Fla.
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181:(Crown-headed lance nematode) is a plant pathogenic nematode.
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has a very wide host range. While it is most important on
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Nemaplex, University of
California - Hoplalaimus galeatus
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http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/Taxadata/G063s2.HTM
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251:Not much is known with regards to the lifecycle of
383:Ferris H. 2012. Hoploaimus galeatus. Nemaplex.
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283:Chemical treatments are not as effective on
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208:and described, in detail, by Thorne.,
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593:30abcc32-67cf-4b06-ac6e-1392119a5bde
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880:Food plant pathogens and diseases
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407:http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in124
1:
342:http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu
24:Crown-headed lance nematode
875:Agricultural pest nematodes
870:Nematodes described in 1935
247:Life cycle and reproduction
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709:Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis
259:Host parasite relationship
196:in 1913, originally named
168:Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis
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145:(Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935
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30:Scientific classification
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432:List of soybean diseases
437:Hoplolaimus magnistylus
885:Non-food crop diseases
164:Hoplolaimus coronatus
588:Fauna Europaea (new)
502:Hoplolaimus_galeatus
473:Hoplolaimus galeatus
442:Hoplolaimus columbus
206:Hoplolaimus galeatus
204:was reclassified as
190:Hoplolaimus galeatus
178:Hoplolaimus galeatus
139:Hoplolaimus galeatus
16:Species of nematode
347:2009-01-22 at the
192:was discovered by
160:Nemonchus galeatus
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824:Open Tree of Life
679:Open Tree of Life
465:Taxon identifiers
202:Nemochus galeatus
198:Nemochus galeatus
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130:Binomial name
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811:NatureServe
653:NatureServe
614:iNaturalist
387:. 7/9/2013.
290:H. galeatus
285:H. galeatus
272:H. galeatus
264:H. galeatus
253:H. galeatus
232:H. galeatus
221:H. galeatus
217:H. galeatus
194:Nathan Cobb
108:Hoplolaimus
77:Secernentea
865:Tylenchida
859:Categories
296:References
279:Management
227:Morphology
200:. In 1935
87:Tylenchida
816:2.1094666
658:2.1094664
268:turfgrass
115:Species:
53:Kingdom:
47:Eukaryota
790:11094623
724:Q3719078
718:Wikidata
632:10595572
488:Q5303613
482:Wikidata
426:See also
345:Archived
237:spicules
152:Synonyms
93:Family:
67:Nematoda
63:Phylum:
57:Animalia
43:Domain:
829:3586003
777:2284108
697:1295618
606:2284107
185:History
103:Genus:
83:Order:
73:Class:
842:584645
764:HOLLTY
751:460542
684:507769
671:211160
619:510705
580:224923
567:248436
554:HOLLGA
541:406833
515:896537
837:WoRMS
803:63724
785:IRMNG
738:88D2Z
692:WoRMS
645:63725
627:IRMNG
562:EUNIS
528:88D2Y
798:ITIS
772:GBIF
759:EPPO
666:NCBI
640:ITIS
601:GBIF
549:EPPO
510:BOLD
746:EoL
733:CoL
536:EoL
523:CoL
497:AFD
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367:^
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323:FL
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255:.
239:,
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