941:(1990), points out that Alger had tremendous sympathy for boys and discovered a calling for himself in the composition of boys' books. "He learned to consult the boy in himself", Trachtenberg writes, "to transmute and recast himself—his genteel culture, his liberal patrician sympathy for underdogs, his shaky economic status as an author, and not least, his dangerous erotic attraction to boys—into his juvenile fiction". He observes that it is impossible to know whether Alger lived the life of a secret homosexual, "ut there are hints that the male companionship he describes as a refuge from the streets—the cozy domestic arrangements between Dick and Fosdick, for example—may also be an erotic relationship". Trachtenberg observes that nothing prurient occurs in
904:" myth and are an Americanization of the traditional Jack tales. Each story has its clever hero, its "fairy godmother", and obstacles and hindrances to the hero's rise. "However", he writes, "the true Americanization of this fairy tale occurs in its subversion of this claiming of nobility; rather, the Alger hero achieves the American Dream in its nascent form, he gains a position of middle-class respectability that promises to lead wherever his motivation may take him". The reader may speculate what Cinderella achieved as Queen and what an Alger hero attained once his middle-class status was stabilized, and "t is this commonality that fixes Horatio Alger firmly in the ranks of modern adaptors of the Cinderella myth".
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846:, for example, the affluent heroes are reduced to poverty and forced to meet the demands of their new circumstances. Alger occasionally cited the young Abe Lincoln as a representative of this theme for his readers. The third theme is Beauty versus Money, which became central to Alger's adult fiction. Characters fall in love and marry on the basis of their character, talents, or intellect rather than the size of their bank accounts. In
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boys' books of heroes threatened with eviction or foreclosure and may account for Alger's "consistent espousal of environmental reform proposals". Scharnhorst writes, "Financially insecure throughout his life, the younger Alger may have been active in reform organizations such as those for temperance and children's aid as a means of resolving his status-anxiety and establish his genteel credentials for leadership."
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books, and these references, Scharnhorst speculates, indicate Alger was "insecure with his sexual orientation". Alger wrote, for example, that it was difficult to distinguish whether
Tattered Tom was a boy or a girl and in other instances, he introduces foppish, effeminate, lisping "stereotypical homosexuals" who are treated with scorn and pity by others. In
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act of bravery or honesty that the boy has performed. For example, the boy rescues a child from an overturned carriage or finds and returns the man's stolen watch. Often the older man takes the boy into his home as a ward or companion and helps him find a better job, sometimes replacing a less honest or less industrious boy.
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657:. It was evident in these books that Alger had grown stale. Profits suffered, and he headed West for new material at Loring's behest, arriving in California in February 1877. He enjoyed a reunion with his brother James in San Francisco and returned to New York late in 1877 on a schooner that sailed around
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Alger's works received favorable comments and experienced a resurgence following his death. By 1926, he sold around 20 million copies in the United States. In 1926, however, reader interest plummeted, and his major publisher ceased printing the books altogether. Surveys in 1932 and 1947 revealed very
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All of Alger's novels have similar plots: a boy struggles to escape poverty through hard work and clean living. However, it is not always the hard work and clean living that rescue the boy from his situation, but rather a wealthy older gentleman, who admires the boy as a result of some extraordinary
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Scholar John Geck notes that Alger relied on "formulas for experience rather than shrewd analysis of human behavior", and that these formulas were "culturally centered" and "strongly didactic". Although the frontier society was a thing of the past during Alger's career, Geck contends that "the idea
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Alger scholar Edwin P. Hoyt notes that Alger's morality "coarsened" around 1880, possibly influenced by the
Western tales he was writing, because "the most dreadful things were now almost casually proposed and explored". Although he continued to write for boys, Alger explored subjects like violence
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wrote that Alger "talks freely about his own late insanity—which he in fact appears to enjoy as a subject of conversation". Although Alger was willing to speak to James, his sexuality was a closely guarded secret. According to
Scharnhorst, Alger made veiled references to homosexuality in his boys'
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but believes the few instances in Alger's work of two boys touching or a man and a boy touching "might arouse erotic wishes in readers prepared to entertain such fantasies". Such images, Trachtenberg believes, may imply "a positive view of homoeroticism as an alternative way of life, of living by
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In 1882, Alger's father died. Alger continued to produce stories of honest boys outwitting evil, greedy squires and malicious youths. His work appeared in hardcover and paperback, and decades-old poems were published in anthologies. He led a busy life with street boys, Harvard classmates, and the
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According to
Scharnhorst, Alger's father was "an impoverished man" who defaulted on his debts in 1844. His properties around Chelsea were seized and assigned to a local squire who held the mortgages. Scharnhorst speculates this episode in Alger's childhood accounts for the recurrent theme in his
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boys. Church officials reported to the hierarchy in Boston that Alger had been charged with "the abominable and revolting crime of gross familiarity with boys". Alger denied nothing, admitted he had been imprudent, considered his association with the church dissolved, and left town. Alger sent
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was completed by
Stratemeyer and promoted as Alger's last work. Alger once estimated that he earned only $ 100,000 between 1866 and 1896; at his death he had little money, leaving only small sums to family and friends. His literary work was bequeathed to his niece, to two boys he had casually
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where he studied the condition of the street boys, and found in them an abundance of interesting material for stories. He abandoned forever any thought of a career in the church, and focused instead on his writing. He wrote "Friar
Anselmo" at this time, a poem that tells of a sinning cleric's
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for fresh material to incorporate into his fiction. Alger took a trip to
California, but the trip had little effect on his writing: he remained mired in the staid theme of "poor boy makes good". The backdrops of these novels, however, became the Western United States, rather than the urban
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838:, whose impoverished young hero declares, "I mean to turn over a new leaf, and try to grow up 'spectable." His virtuous life wins him not riches but, more realistically, a comfortable clerical position and salary. The second major theme is Character Strengthened Through Adversity. In
672:. In 1877, Alger's fiction became a target of librarians concerned about sensational juvenile fiction. An effort was made to remove his works from public collections, but the debate was only partially successful, defeated by the renewed interest in his work after his death.
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In the last two decades of the 19th century, the quality of Alger's books deteriorated, and his boys' works became nothing more than reruns of the plots and themes of his past. The times had changed, boys expected more, and a streak of violence entered Alger's work. In
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530:. Between ministerial duties, he organized games and amusements for boys in the parish, railed against smoking and drinking, and organized and served as president of the local chapter of the Cadets for Temperance. He submitted stories to
897:, however "Alger's hero was no longer a poor boy who, through determination and providence rose to middle-class respectability. He was instead the crafty street urchin who through quick wits and luck rose from impoverishment to riches".
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described
Harvard at this time as "provincial and local because its scope and outlook hardly extended beyond the boundaries of New England; besides which it was very denominational, being held exclusively in the hands of Unitarians".
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Alger thrived in the highly disciplined and regimented
Harvard environment, winning scholastic and other prestigious awards. His genteel poverty and less-than-aristocratic heritage, however, barred him from membership in the
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In 2015, many of Alger's books were published as illustrated paperbacks and ebooks under the title "Stories of
Success" by Horatio Alger. In addition, Alger's books were offered as dramatic audiobooks by the same publisher.
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held a celebration. Helen M. Gray, the executive director of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, presented a selection of Alger's books to Philip Coltoff, the Children's Aid Society executive director.
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has bestowed an annual award on "outstanding individuals in our society who have succeeded in the face of adversity" and scholarships "to encourage young people to pursue their dreams with determination and perseverance".
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Unitarian officials in Boston a letter of remorse, and his father assured them his son would never seek another post in the church. The officials were satisfied and decided no further action would be taken.
253:: the valiant, hardworking, honest youth; the noble mysterious stranger; the snobbish youth; and the evil, greedy squire. In the 1870s, Alger's fiction was growing stale. His publisher suggested he tour the
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we see Alger plotting domestic romance, complete with a surrogate marriage of two homeless boys, as the setting for his formulaic metamorphosis of an outcast street boy into a self-respecting citizen".
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Alger's siblings Olive Augusta and James were born in 1833 and 1836, respectively. A disabled sister, Annie, was born in 1840, and a brother, Francis, in 1842. Alger was a precocious boy afflicted with
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Scharnhorst writes that Alger "exercised a certain discretion in discussing his probable homosexuality" and was known to have mentioned his sexuality only once after the Brewster incident. In 1870,
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Alger scholar Gary Scharnhorst describes Alger's style as "anachronistic", "often laughable", "distinctive", and "distinguished by the quality of its literary allusions". Ranging from the Bible and
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In New York, Alger continued to tutor the town's aristocratic youth and to rehabilitate boys from the streets. He was writing both urban and Western-themed tales. In 1879, for example, he published
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atonement through good deeds. He became interested in the welfare of the thousands of vagrant children who flooded New York City following the Civil War. He attended a children's church service at
611:. The story, about a poor bootblack's rise to middle-class respectability, was a huge success. It was expanded and published as a novel in 1868. It proved to be his best-selling work. After
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Alger had no job prospects following graduation and returned home. He continued to write, submitting his work to religious and literary magazines, with varying success. He briefly attended
425:, and other modern writers of fiction and cultivated a lifelong love for Longfellow, whose verse he sometimes employed as a model for his own. He was chosen Class Odist and graduated with
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Alger began attending Chelsea Grammar School in 1842, but by December 1844 his father's financial troubles had worsened considerably. In search of a better salary, he moved the family to
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mentality can be both celebrated and critiqued". He claims that Alger's intended audience were youths whose "motivations for action are effectively shaped by the lessons they learn".
661:. He wrote a few lackluster books in the following years, rehashing his established themes, but this time the tales were played before a Western background rather than an urban one.
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for two years. He died on July 18, 1899, at the home of his sister. His death was barely noticed. He is buried in the family lot at Glenwood Cemetery, South Natick, Massachusetts.
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In 1881, Alger informally adopted Charlie Davis, a street boy, and another, John Downie, in 1883; they lived in Alger's apartment. In 1881, he wrote a biography of President
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Scharnhorst describes six major themes in Alger's boys' books. The first, the Rise to Respectability, he observes, is evident in both his early and his late books, notably
340:, where he was installed as pastor of the Second Congregational Society in January 1845 with a salary sufficient to meet his needs. Alger attended Gates Academy, a local
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capitalism, yet at the same time criticizing the cutthroat business techniques and offering hope to a suffering young generation during the Great Depression". By the
536:, a boys' monthly magazine of moral writings, edited by William Taylor Adams and published in Boston by Joseph H. Allen. In September 1865, his second boys' book,
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about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to middle-class security and comfort through good works. His writings were characterized by the "
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but filled the work with contrived conversations and boyish excitements rather than facts. The book sold well. Alger was commissioned to write a biography of
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He attended the theater and Harvard reunions, read literary magazines, and wrote a poem at Longfellow's death in 1882. His last novel for adults,
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a poor woman wins her true love despite the machinations of a rich, depraved suitor. Other major themes include the Old World versus the New.
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and "openness in the relations between the sexes and generations"; Hoyt attributes this shift to the decline of Puritan ethics in America.
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in 1853, possibly to be reunited with a romantic interest, but he left in November 1853 to take a job as an assistant editor at the
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245:'s rise to middle-class respectability. This novel was a huge success. His many books that followed were essentially variations on
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few children had read or even heard of Alger. The first Alger biography was a heavily fictionalized account published in 1928 by
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In spite of the series' success, Alger was on financially uncertain ground and tutored the five sons of the international banker
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Horatio Alger, writer of boys' stories died at the home of his sister, Mrs. Amos Cheney at Natick, Massachusetts yesterday. ...
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from 1857 to 1860 and, upon graduation, toured Europe. In the spring of 1861, he returned to a nation in the throes of the
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He had many connections with the New England Puritan aristocracy of the early 19th century. He was the descendant of
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Geck observes that Alger's themes have been transformed in modern America from their original meanings into a "male
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Geck notes that perception of the "pluck" characteristic of an Alger hero has changed over the decades. During the
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adopted, and to his sister Olive Augusta, who destroyed his manuscripts and his letters, according to his wishes.
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712:, for example, a woman is throttled and threatened with death—something that never occurred in his earlier work.
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entrance examinations and was admitted to the class of 1852. The 14-member, full-time Harvard faculty included
502:, was published by A. K. Loring in Boston the same year. Alger initially wrote for adult magazines, including
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he wrote almost entirely for boys, and he signed a contract with publisher Loring for a Ragged Dick Series.
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450:. When The Grange suspended operations in 1856, Alger found employment directing the 1856 summer session at
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1892:. New York: A. L. Burt Company – via Michigan State University Special Collections (PS1029.A3 D3).
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232:" narrative, which had a formative effect on the United States from 1868 through to his death in 1899.
2328:
The Horatio Alger Fellowship for the Study of American Popular Culture at Northern Illinois University
2208:, Volume II. 1997. Gerster, Patrick, and Cords, Nicholas. (editors.) Brandywine Press, St. James, NY.
1835:
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515:
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344:, and completed his studies at age 15. He published his earliest literary works in local newspapers.
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The charge is quoted as, "the abominable and revolting crime of unnatural familiarity with boys" in
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On December 8, 1864, Alger was enlisted as a pastor with the First Unitarian Church and Society of
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1646:, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 811). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
473:. Exempted from military service for health reasons in July 1863, he wrote in support of the
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of the frontier, even in urban slums, provides a kind of fairy tale orientation in which a
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Early in 1866, a church committee of men was formed to investigate reports that Alger had
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cause and associated with New England intellectuals. He was elected an officer in the
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409:. In 1849, he became a professional writer when he sold two essays and a poem to the
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His popularity—and income—dwindled in the 1890s. In 1896, he had what he called a "
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683:, but again it was Alger the boys' novelist opting for thrills rather than facts.
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Alger secured his literary niche in 1868 with the publication of his fourth book,
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and allowed him to observe the responsibilities of ministering to parishioners.
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and lived in the Seligman home until 1876. In 1875, Alger produced the serial
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461:, a collection of short pieces, was published in 1856, and his second book,
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The Seligman Family Papers, 1877–1934 (0.8 linear feet), are housed at the
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social elite. In Massachusetts, he was regarded with the same reverence as
1716:. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans. Archived from
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Nation, 17 February 1932, 186 & New York Times 13 January 1947 23:2–3
1038:"Horatio Alger - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss"
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The Papers of Horatio Alger, 1880–1953 (990 pieces) are housed at the
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Dan, The Newsboy: The Story of a Boy's Life in the Streets of New York
442:. He loathed editing and quit in 1854 to teach at The Grange, a boys'
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Horatio Alger Jr.: An Annotated Bibliography of Comment and Criticism
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224:; January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was an American author who wrote
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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons
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The H. Jack Barker Papers, undated (3 linear feet), are housed at
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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2096:. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 78.
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sympathy rather than aggression". Trachtenberg concludes, "in
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885:, "the Horatio Alger plot was viewed from the perspective of
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The Horatio Alger Collection at Northern Illinois University
819:(half of Alger's books contain Shakespearean references) to
1839:
1327:
A Desired Past: A Short History of Same-Sex Love in America
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213:
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The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans
1793:"Musical of American Innocence, Shine!, Gets Cast Album"
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590:. He fared better with stories for boys published in
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Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans
1989:
Alger, Horatio Jr. (2008). Hildegard Hoeller (ed.).
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Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans
730:"; he relocated permanently to his sister's home in
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2236:'s Manuscripts, Archives, & Rare Book Library.
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518:, a boys' author, led him to write for the young.
703:Alger's gravestone at South Natick, Massachusetts
601:In January 1867, the first of 12 installments of
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540:, was published and received favorable reviews.
2204:Nackenoff, Carol. "The Horatio Alger Myth", in
1329:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 67.
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356:Alger on Harvard Commencement Day, July 1852
2333:"Horatio Alger and the 100-Year-Old Secret"
1974:. Hermosa Beach, California: Sumner Books.
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765:, who later admitted the work was a fraud.
752:to complete his unfinished works. In 1901,
633:and later expanded into a full-length novel
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795:, was based on Alger's work, particularly
459:Bertha's Christmas Vision: An Autumn Sheaf
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781:In 1982, to mark his 150th birthday, the
479:New England Historic Genealogical Society
463:Nothing to Do: A Tilt at Our Best Society
429:honors in 1852, eighth in a class of 88.
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336:, an agricultural town 25 miles west of
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2186:Scharnhorst, Gary; Bales, Jack (1981).
2151:Scharnhorst, Gary; Bales, Jack (1985).
1376:
1312:"Horatio Alger: The Moral of the Story"
990:
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392:served as president. Alger's classmate
275:Alger was born on January 13, 1832, in
2335:New England Historical Society article
2093:The Biographical Dictionary of America
1742:
1731:
413:, a Boston magazine. He began reading
7:
2254:Works by Horatio Alger in eBook form
2206:Myth America: A Historical Anthology
1838:. Sumner Books. 2015. Archived from
511:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
486:Marie Bertrand: The Felon's Daughter
2594:Writers from Chelsea, Massachusetts
1791:Jones, Kenneth (October 16, 2001).
498:in 1864, and his first boys' book,
283:minister, and Olive Augusta Fenno.
2524:19th-century American male writers
961:List of works by Horatio Alger Jr.
348:Harvard and early works: 1848–1864
279:, the son of Horatio Alger Sr., a
25:
2534:19th-century American LGBT people
2519:19th-century American journalists
2155:The Lost Life of Horatio Alger Jr
1666:"Horatio Alger, Jr.: A Biography"
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2298:
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1824:Shine! The Horatio Alger Musical
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2599:19th-century American educators
2529:19th-century American novelists
2282:Works by or about Horatio Alger
1801:. Playbill, Inc. Archived from
1205:Scharnhorst 1980, "Chronology".
380:(religion and philosophy), and
360:In July 1848, Alger passed the
2579:LGBT people from Massachusetts
2564:Harvard Divinity School alumni
2554:Boston Daily Advertiser people
2308:at the University of Rochester
748:Before his death, Alger asked
1:
931:, in his introduction to the
578:about an actual shipwreck on
27:American novelist (1832–1899)
2589:Novelists from Massachusetts
2159:. Indiana University Press.
1957:Trachtenberg 1990, pp. ix–x.
1939:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 37–38.
1878:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 76–78.
1869:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 75–76.
1860:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 73–74.
1528:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 44–45.
1510:Nackenoff 1994, pp. 250–257.
1388:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 30–34.
1358:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 29–30.
1196:Hoyt 1974, pp. 27–28, 30–33.
1160:Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 27–28.
1151:Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 26–27.
1142:Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 18–23.
1080:Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 11–13.
1006:Scharnhorst 1980, pp. 17–18.
561:In 1866, Alger relocated to
2306:Horatio Alger research page
2297:(public domain audiobooks)
2018:Alger, Horatio Jr. (1990).
1970:Alger, Horatio Jr. (2015).
1888:Alger, Horatio Jr. (1893).
1765:"Alger's 150th Year Marked"
1424:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 35–36.
732:South Natick, Massachusetts
2615:
2569:Heads of Deerfield Academy
2272:Works by Horatio Jr. Alger
2124:Scharnhorst, Gary (1980).
2001:W. W. Norton & Company
1349:Hoyt 1974, pp. 1–6, 60–63.
1015:Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 5–6.
958:
919:Silas Snobden's Office Boy
801:Silas Snobden's Office Boy
666:The District Messenger Boy
533:The Student and Schoolmate
411:Pictorial National Library
382:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
334:Marlborough, Massachusetts
260:Northeastern United States
2574:American LGBT journalists
2539:American male journalists
2101:Nackenoff, Carol (1994).
1972:Ragged Dick (Illustrated)
1694:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 141.
1673:Horatio Alger Association
311:Constitutional Convention
184:
41:
2241:American Jewish Archives
2055:. Chilton Book Company.
1997:Norton Critical Editions
1902:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 18.
1633:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 47.
1561:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 46.
1549:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 45.
1415:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 35.
1397:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 34.
1301:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 28.
1283:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 65.
1262:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 33.
1253:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 64.
1223:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 26.
1214:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 54.
1187:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 33.
1169:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 29.
1124:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 21.
1115:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 17.
1106:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 15.
1094:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 14.
1050:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 10.
889:as a staunch defense of
710:The Young Bank Messenger
594:and a third boys' book,
557:New York City: 1866–1896
514:, but a friendship with
2544:American male novelists
2107:Oxford University Press
2047:Hoyt, Edwin P. (1974).
1655:Hoyt 1974, pp. 19, 252.
1519:Hoyt 1974, pp. 207–210.
1471:Hoyt 1974, pp. 187–188.
1453:Hoyt 1974, pp. 184–186.
1406:Scharnhorst 1980, p. 48
1367:Scharnhorst 1985, p. 3.
1325:Rupp, Leila J. (1999).
641:. He wrote serials for
596:Charlie Codman's Cruise
528:Brewster, Massachusetts
467:Harvard Divinity School
439:Boston Daily Advertiser
434:Harvard Divinity School
374:Cornelius Conway Felton
2559:Harvard College alumni
2291:Works by Horatio Alger
2263:Works by Horatio Alger
2243:, in Cincinnati, Ohio.
2103:The Fictional Republic
1741:Cite journal requires
1178:Hoyt 1974, pp. 24, 28.
783:Children's Aid Society
717:The Disagreeable Woman
704:
634:
630:Student and Schoolmate
609:Student and Schoolmate
592:Student and Schoolmate
538:Paul Prescott's Charge
427:Phi Beta Kappa Society
357:
277:Chelsea, Massachusetts
241:, the story of a poor
64:Chelsea, Massachusetts
2584:American LGBT writers
2457:Children's literature
2312:Horatio Alger Society
1714:"Horatio Alger Award"
1244:Hoyt 1974, pp. 49–50.
1232:Hoyt 1974, pp. 40–48.
1059:Hoyt 1974, pp. 10–11.
723:to boys' assemblies.
702:
695:Last years: 1896–1899
689:Harriet Beecher Stowe
621:
419:James Fenimore Cooper
355:
255:Western United States
141:Children's literature
81:Natick, Massachusetts
1836:"Stories of Success"
1763:(January 14, 1982).
1314:. December 23, 2015.
997:Hoyt 1974, pp. 7, 9.
844:Shifting for Himself
647:Shifting for Himself
588:Timothy Crump's Ward
516:William Taylor Adams
394:Joseph Hodges Choate
271:Childhood: 1832–1847
258:environments of the
2549:American Unitarians
2377:Novels and novellas
2190:. Scarecrow Press.
2180:Published resources
2088:Alger, Horatio, Jr.
1842:on October 10, 2017
1720:on October 18, 2007
1621:Alger 2008, p. 280.
1444:Alger 2008, p. 279.
1292:Alger 2008, p. 278.
1027:Alger 2008, p. 277.
817:William Shakespeare
522:Ministry: 1864–1866
95:Caroline F. Preston
2227:Huntington Library
2220:Archival resources
1964:General references
1948:Alger 1990, p. ix.
1911:Hoyt 1974, p. 207.
1805:on January 5, 2013
1770:The New York Times
1703:Hoyt 1974, p. 251.
1609:Hoyt 1974, p. 232.
1580:The New York Times
1537:Hoyt 1974, p. 231.
1501:Hoyt 1974, p. 201.
1489:Hoyt 1974, p. 199.
1480:Hoyt 1974, p. 190.
1462:Hoyt 1974, p. 187.
852:The Erie Train Boy
754:Young Captain Jack
750:Edward Stratemeyer
705:
635:
544:Child sexual abuse
403:Hasty Pudding Club
358:
342:preparatory school
309:, a member of the
226:young adult novels
132:Harvard University
18:Horatio Alger, Jr.
2426:
2425:
2267:Project Gutenberg
2197:978-0-8108-1387-8
2166:978-0-253-14915-2
2134:Twayne Publishers
2084:Johnson, Rossiter
2020:Alan Trachtenberg
2010:978-0-393-92589-0
1133:Hoyt 1974, p. 18.
1071:Hoyt 1974, p. 14.
929:Alan Trachtenberg
840:Strong and Steady
737:He suffered from
728:nervous breakdown
677:James A. Garfield
550:sexually molested
505:Harper's Magazine
484:His first novel,
452:Deerfield Academy
327:classical studies
299:brigadier general
196:Horatio Alger Jr.
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789:A 1982 musical,
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763:Herbert R. Mayes
655:The Young Outlaw
627:, serialized in
570:, which led to "
500:Frank's Campaign
457:His first book,
251:stock characters
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1583:. July 19, 1899
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120:Nationality
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2276:Faded Page
1846:October 9,
902:Cinderella
895:Atomic Age
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584:Helen Ford
490:serialized
104:Occupation
57:1832-01-13
2445:Biography
2314:Home Page
986:Citations
659:Cape Horn
580:Lake Erie
481:in 1863.
471:Civil War
313:in 1788.
295:Minuteman
281:Unitarian
266:Biography
243:bootblack
180:Signature
169:Relatives
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2278:(Canada)
1798:Playbill
1776:March 4,
1587:March 4,
881:and the
879:Jazz Age
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164:(1868)
107:Author
83:, U.S.
66:, U.S.
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475:Union
138:Genre
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