1466:
3888:
3657:
3482:
954:
1814:"There are those who want to drag us into a war of opinions, to dump us into an apparent alliance of peoples versus governments; we ask them with what right do they pretend to attribute themselves or assign us the mission of revolutionizing all the peoples. We know their goal and their secret thought. These people work to bring disruptions on the inside through disruptions on the outside. What they want, we avoid; what they fear, we seek. In the absence of set rules of conduct, their exhortations, their fears and their joys would suffice for shedding light on our path and making us perceive the abysses where they would like to throw us."
690:
1148:, he had also become known for his lassitude, to the point where Napoleon himself grew irate. The same source recounted that, after Talavera de la Reina and especially after Almonacid, the general raised suspicion that he wasted men and resources, systematically failed to report all his casualties, and seriously exaggerated the scale of his victories. It was contended that the Emperor eventually withdrew Sébastiani's command of IV Corps after concluding that this assessment was correct.
1738:
480:
3894:
1634:
848:
49:
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2055:, in 1825. In what was one of the most famous murders of the 19th century, the duchess had been stabbed repeatedly and with noted violence. For long before her death, Fanny had accused Charles de Choiseul-Praslin of having cheated on her and of having separated her from her children. Her killing was thought to be a consequence of the Duke's plan to run away with their children's
3342:
200:
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1206:
elegance and grandeur was rescued from the absolute ruin and desolation that were overwhelming it. The roofs were repaired, the saloons and galleries protected from the weather, the gardens cultivated, the watercourses restored, the fountains once more made to throw up their sparkling showers; and
1786:
and his house to be raided by policemen). It was also contended that the statement had been made by Sébastiani with the specific goal of persuading Russia that France did not condemn the intervention — reportedly, Emperor
Nicholas normalized relations with France and received its ambassador, the
1624:
were to remain in the area until "all reasons why the French Army has maneuvered would be dealt with resolutely, and no danger would threaten us". Nevertheless, Gérard retreated before the
Conference came to an end. When Chamber called on the minister to answer about the discrepancy, he declared
1825:
publicly accused the
Laffitte cabinet in general and Sébastiani in particular of having secretly encouraged the Poles while persuading them to delay their attack on Russian troops (allegedly promising that France would give them official backing following that moment, and later forfeiting the
881:
and the
Dardanelles military facilities to be handed over, and for Russia to be granted rule over Wallachia and Moldavia. The Sultan sent envoys requesting Sébastiani to leave Ottoman territory, but the French Ambassador explained that he would not do so until being ordered by Selim himself.
1276:
2067:, after public opinion began speculating that aristocrats had allowed one of their own to take his own life rather than face trial, or even that Choiseul-Praslin had been allowed to escape. As a parallel result, the 1848 events brought an end to the Sébastianis' influence in
1034:
1st Class, which has been interpreted as a measure to alleviate the impact of
British successes. According to other accounts, Mustafa himself had become deeply dissatisfied with Sébastiani's interventions and policies. Upon his return to France, Sébastiani received the
1163:, Sébastiani was denied appointment by Napoleon (a gesture alleged to have itself been based on the General's conduct at Almonacid). Nonetheless, it was reported that Sébastiani made use of the title for the rest of his participation in the Spanish expedition. The
2009:
cabinet, before Thiers' nomination, Sébastiani was considered for the office of
Premier; his failure to gain the position was attributed to rejection from all political camps, based on the view that he was overtly subservient to King Louis-Philippe.
988:
biography, Sébastiani had betrayed Aleko
Soutzos' confidence by revealing as many details of Anglo-Ottoman negotiations as to render it clear that the Dragoman had been acting as his spy, and by failing to respect the promise of French protection.
2043:
was involved in heated disputes with other public figures, over repeated allegations that his brother had harmed French interests in the
American creditors' affair. In this and other cases of the period, the same controversy almost erupted into
1609:, accused Sébastiani of having obtained the destruction of fortifications in Belgium not as a concession from other states, but rather because "the allied powers want to set aside the means of entering France without running into obstacles".
1016:
torture, despite the facts that the recent annexation of Ragusa by France offered them a degree of immunity. As a result of his pressures, Sébastiani obtained rule over the province of
Baghdad for his favorite, and, in return, allowed the
877:, was met with panic, and Sébastiani's group of French military officers was soon the only organized force present on the European side. In his messages to Selim, Sir John Duckworth asked for the French ambassador to be removed, for the
1190:, where he himself resided in noted luxury, Sébastiani partly destroyed the palace's fortifications after retreating. It is argued that he was also responsible for the partial devastation of the palace's interior. The American author
941:). She died in childbirth while in Constantinople, just a few days before the Sultan was deposed (14 April 1807), and left Sébastiani a large fortune. Upon hearing news of her death, Sultan Selim transmitted condolences through his
4223:
1137:
Starting from that date, Sébastiani gained a reputation for lacking leadership skills: popularly nicknamed "General
Surprise" as a result of having been caught out by enemy troops a significant number of times, he was argued by
1898:
argued that this was the most significant gesture of his career, and credited him with having planned it as an indirect but effective strike at Austrian economic interests, when implying that France would march into Rome and
5400:
1667:. Nevertheless, some time after the Uprising erupted, Sébastiani received Polish envoys with sympathy, and had felt secure that "a friendly arrangement with Russia" could be achieved. To this end, he sent a mission to
840:). Prince Ypsilantis had previously escaped to the Russian camp, and was briefly considered by his allies as ruler over both principalities (just before Russian occupation took over); the French Consul to Moldavia,
5435:
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5425:
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1710:, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdom. Guilleminot ultimately presented the Ottomans with an offer to back an independent Poland—as a consequence, Foreign Minister Sébastiani was formally asked by
1802:. When interpellated in the Chamber, he also contended that France had managed to obtain consensus that Russia was to maintain a degree of Polish autonomy, as these had been stipulated by the 1814–1814
585:
During this period, Sébastiani theorized that, despite Egyptian Campaign's failure, the French could yet again establish their control over the region. He publicized this view in a report, published by
965:
and the Janissary troops put an end to French diplomatic success. Sébastiani negotiated with Kabakçı, while the British sought support from various factions inside Constantinople — the Grand Dragoman,
844:, reportedly not informed of Sébastiani's contacts with Selim, was arrested by the Russian troops. As a major consequence of this chain of events, France pulled the strings of Ottoman foreign policy.
1770:, allegedly due to their potential for causing scandal. As Sébastiani's words began circulating freely, public opinion considered them evidence of callousness, and, in December, they were used by
1660:
lamented that Poland was perishing without having even seen a French courier; the minister responded to similar accusations at home by stating that France was determined not to raise the anger of
2325:
5395:
1656:, Sébastiani, despite the revolutionaries' expectations, chose to avoid his country's involvement. As Russian troops carried out a violent intervention against the rebellion, a deputy in the
3441:
2051:
Having largely retired from public life, he had his last years clouded by the 1847 death of his sole daughter from his first marriage, Fanny, duchess of Choiseul-Praslin. Fanny had married
971:
4203:
1383:
4413:
2001:, to find herself the only one of that opinion, and from that moment on to be reduced to the alternative of either ceding or risk a universal war over an object that was not worth it ."
4248:
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1055:
As for diplomatic skills, Napoleon was so affected that he sent him to the arms as soon as he returned from the Orient, and did not assign him to any negotiations until his fall ."
3847:
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1552:
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himself "astonished" by news of the retreat, attributing it to British pressures, and indicated that "we have entered Belgium in good will; good will is what led us to withdraw".
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4183:
1671:, which attempted to mediate an understanding between the Polish revolutionaries and Russia; in order to undermine communications between France and Poland, the government of
2236:
4163:
1397:
Sébastiani spent a year in England before being allowed to return (having retired from active service and receiving half pay). Starting in 1819, after being promoted by the
1416:
comments, his political choice was unusual, reportedly astonishing both members of the Left and the moderate Decazes, a Royalist. Inside the Chamber, he joined forces with
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894:
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469:
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1729:
was plotting with Russian authorities. He referred to Sébastiani's position as "a miserable role", and to his correspondence with the Poles as "perfidious epistles".
1683:
was dispatched to Russia in order to seek a new agreement—his mission was made ineffectual by the revolutionaries' decision to dethrone Nicholas from his position as
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Among his last actions in office as Foreign Minister were negotiations with the United States over losses suffered by American citizens during the Napoleon's
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and Ambassador Arbuthnot prepared to leave Constantinople, The Porte convened to have the two Princes reinstated. Despite this, Russian troops under General
3375:
1975:
1963:
1794:
Later, he justified himself in front of the Chamber by arguing that intervention in Poland was doomed to failure, noting that a French landing on Poland's
1778:. Another of Grandville's drawings, depicting the authorities' violent response to public manifestations of support for Polish revolutionaries, was titled
544:
286:
1910:, when several ships bearing the American flag were arrested in European ports, on suspicion that they were in fact serving British commercial interests (
5370:
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1030:
Faÿ de La Tour Maubourg. This departure was also prompted by renewed British requests. Shortly before his leaving, Sultan Mustafa awarded Sébastiani the
4619:
3840:
893:
shore organized themselves, and, once increased in strength, began responding to the attack. Selim subsequently asked Sébastiani and his men (including
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1310:
1287:
938:
1449:, and he subsequently won 1 out of 48 votes. Instead, after General Foy's death in late 1825, he was elected as replacement in his constituency, the
4334:
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1848:
and Sébastiani both maintained an independent line in politics—their secretive notes reportedly contributed to the fall of the Laffitte government.
1822:
1676:
1379:
4448:
4123:
1834:, when Sébastiani defended his ministry and stressed that he had not made Poland any promises, the Marquis confronted him with a letter signed by
1695:
698:
262:
4178:
4012:
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785:, Selim "followed the advice of General Sébastiani, who tried to bring him to Napoleon's side", and saw a connection between Ypsilantis and the
5445:
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4083:
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2063:, only to commit suicide on 24 August 1847; shortly before his death, he denied all charges. This event played a part in bringing about the
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Friends and Rivals in the East: Studies in Anglo-Dutch Relations in The Levant from the Seventeenth Century to the Early Nineteenth Century
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2150:
1494:
223:
75:
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3089:
ADECEC (Association pour le Développement des Etudes Archéologiques, Historiques, linguistiques et Naturalistes du Centre-Est de la Corse)
953:
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took the decision of recognizing the July Monarchy, which it had refused to do until then. In January 1831, after pressures from the
274:
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1857:
1617:
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957:
Sultan Selim III visiting General Sébastiani during the defense of Constantinople in February 1807. Jules Alfred Vincent Rigo, 1860.
219:
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3578:
976:, eventually informed the French Ambassador on the parallel British projects. This resulted in Soutzos' beheading — that which, in
810:
5365:
3450:
3253:
1879:
1438:
1212:
302:
1886:"efforts to revoke and prevent the sequestration that was inflicted on the Italian men and women who are traveling in France."
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interests; this probably contributed to deescalating relations between the latter two over the prolonged British presence in
3998:
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Sébastiani persuaded the Ottomans to take a stand against Russia after bringing attention to the anti-Ottoman conspiracy in
488:
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4609:
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4354:
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4238:
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1998:
1838:, dated September 1830, which contained references to Sébastiani's guarantees and his call to postpone the offensive. The
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Spain may thank her invaders for having preserved to her the most beautiful and interesting of her historical monuments."
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4453:
4258:
4188:
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1826:
pledge). La Fayette also stressed that it was possible for France to sanction Polish independence, especially since the
1335:
864:
689:
684:
3745:
3518:
3419:
2871:
1621:
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4052:
3625:
3121:
2052:
1711:
1567:
903:
411:
3137:
2483:
1644:, with France depicted as a timid hare in front of other powers (Poland is the female figure trampled upon by Russia)
1446:
802:
344:
5480:
4740:
4672:
4657:
4652:
4634:
4614:
4594:
3411:
2837:
2198:
2139:
2006:
1691:
1232:
1176:
1085:
110:
5334:
5490:
5209:
5191:
5098:
5030:
4423:
3594:
3141:
1985:
1923:
1641:
1613:
1202:"With that enlightened taste which has ever distinguished the French nation in their conquests, this monument of
766:
453:
238:
1167:
claimed that the ducal title "of Murcia" was adopted by the General himself, after he reaped a minor victory in
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2169:
2155:
1598:
1548:
1470:
1417:
1264:
1228:
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822:
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516:
465:
352:
54:
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4541:
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1935:
898:
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1927:
and Chamber had decided, although still significantly less than what had been asked by American plaintiffs.
1807:
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1314:
1299:
1252:
1026:
830:
774:
329:
270:
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5143:
4707:
4566:
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2889:
Portland (London) Collection: Catalogue of Family and Financial Papers of the Dukes of Portland, 1583–1940
2632:
2224:
2090:
1722:
1661:
1594:
1346:, he was assigned the reviewing of legislation passed by Louis XVIII, and organized the National Guard in
809:
The conflict itself started when Russia considered Ypsilantis' deposition to go against the letter of the
786:
770:
159:
3310:
2126:, a novel which centers on the killing of Sébastiani's daughter. The 1940 drama film of the same starred
1930:
It was during the same period that Sébastiani remarried, to Aglaé-Angélique-Gabrielle de Gramont, one of
1037:
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5284:
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4599:
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4268:
3724:
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2748:
2542:
2218:
2205:
2031:
2018:
1971:
1840:
1766:
1726:
1502:
1355:
1302:
1183:
1144:
1093:
1031:
722:
588:
415:
332:
282:
98:
4735:
4536:
4491:
4362:
4088:
3506:
3075:
1474:
1227:(being the first French commander to enter Moscow, but was later forced to retreat with heavy losses),
1131:
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927:
427:
2875:
5360:
5355:
5274:
5259:
5224:
4800:
4775:
4760:
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1664:
1590:
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1295:
1248:
1127:
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794:
672:
528:
500:
242:
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1737:
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5040:
5015:
5010:
4965:
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4840:
4830:
4785:
4321:
2078:
Four years later, Sébastiani died suddenly while having breakfast. His funeral service was held at
1913:
1721:
indicated that the moderate path pursued by Sébastiani had been largely responsible for convincing
1578:
1506:
1402:
1101:
1081:
932:
778:
739:
432:
258:
2040:
1570:, was a high-ranking Russian diplomat who negotiated with Horace Sébastiani on several occasions.
1151:
Some sources claim that Sébastiani was created "1st Duke of Murcia" by Napoleon; according to the
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1803:
1574:
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1097:
1007:
636:
423:
360:
306:
218:; 11 November 1771 – 20 July 1851) was a French general, diplomat, and politician, who served as
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1967:
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1422:
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4815:
4805:
4702:
4458:
3020:
3003:
2526:
2127:
2036:
2026:
2014:
1947:
1943:
1835:
1649:
1637:
1536:
1375:
1371:
1326:
1318:
1280:
1275:
1236:
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920:
743:
735:
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479:
437:
419:
376:
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227:
211:
139:
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in the background, referring to his role as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1806 to 1808
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1510:
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1139:
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727:
552:
508:
496:
246:
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2059:. Arrested and waiting to be tried by the Court of Peers, Choiseul-Praslin was released on
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3155:
Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolution
1620:
forces to evacuate Belgian territory, Sébastiani indicated that the French troops under
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1990:
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1427:
1109:
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981:
942:
871:. The British bombardment, coming at a time when the Muslim population was celebrating
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751:
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731:
609:
524:
512:
484:
294:
266:
1633:
1509:—including one which proclaimed that the only national flag was the white one for the
1505:. During the Revolution, he parted with the Left, and made declarations in support of
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5020:
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1827:
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1216:
878:
702:
650:
632:
368:
265:. In the latter capacity, he attempted to increase French influence and signaled pro-
254:
231:
1725:
to postpone military operations, to the point where it was later contended that the
984:
to abandon their commitment to France and begin supporting Russia. According to the
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1959:
1918:
1597:. This policy was viewed as a capitulation by the Legitimists, and most notably by
1431:
1343:
1168:
1053:"the Emperor would often keep his eyes closed in respect to his Generals' mistakes.
575:
523:. Among his first actions were the settlement of a conflict between Sweden and the
321:
62:
5133:
1528:
1122:
847:
436:. Initially destined for a religious career, he left his native island during the
2327:
Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850
1247:, he took part in the defense of French territory, holding a command position in
17:
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5035:
4875:
4795:
4730:
2919:
Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours
2164:
2135:
1890:
In February 1832, Sébastiani took initiative in ordering a French occupation of
1882:
to remain on French territory. La Fayette noted that Sébastiani had undertaken:
1864:
1798:
shore was made impossible by both distance and the minor scale of facilities in
1563:
1445:
was frustrated by the local authorities representing the Royalist Government of
873:
717:
654:
504:
441:
48:
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Insurrection of Poland in 1830–31: And the Russian Rule Preceding it Since 1815
1917:). Raising much controversy, he set the sum France agreed to pay at 25 million
241:
in his youth, Sébastiani rose through its ranks before becoming a supporter of
4021:
2949:, Tome II, Comptoirs des Imprimeurs-unis, Paris, 1844, p.205, 208–209, 211–215
2917:
Honoré Fisquet, "Praslin, Charles-Laure-Hugues-Théobald, duc de Choiseul", in
1993:
later pointed out that he agreed with Sébastiani's view, which he defined as:
1795:
1783:
1370:, and, eventually, was among those assigned with negotiating a peace with the
1367:
1203:
1186:
convents during the Peninsular expedition. Having stationed his troops in the
993:
713:
705:
on 12 April 1806, and gaining his post on 10 August, he attempted to convince
556:
449:
380:
31:
2259:
410:, Sébastiani was the son of a tailor and well-to-do craftsman, the nephew of
3133:
2861:
2792:
2772:
2160:
2056:
1875:
1831:
1593:, the British-backed candidate, in exchange for Leopold's agreeing to marry
1589:. After Nemours refused the Belgian crown, he transferred French support to
1426:
veterans; a speech he held on the latter occasion, which gave praise to the
1142:
to have been noted for nothing other than mediocrity. According to the 1833
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886:
782:
709:
290:
58:
1752:
When Poland was ultimately pacified, Sébastiani uttered the famous words:
1117:
1000:, and later provoked a scandal by asking for the Imperial Executioner, the
3341:
738:. The same article claimed: "France had for its allies only the envoys of
726:
in 1833, Sébastiani faced almost universal hostility from the anti-French
3057:, Tome I, V. Lecou, Paris, 1855, p.44–45, 251–267, 268–269, 274, 280, 445
1872:
1863:
were called upon by the Marquis de La Fayette to express disapproval for
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890:
755:
628:
620:
403:
298:
278:
131:
3296:
3278:
2744:"Lettres sur les hommes d'état de France - Le Général Horace Sébastiani"
1309:, he abandoned his command and left for Paris, where, together with the
199:
3178:
A Portion of the Journal Kept by Thomas Raikes, Esq., from 1831 to 1847
2071:, especially after Tiburce Sébastiani chose to retire to his domain in
2068:
2022:
1970:
after refusing, against his government wishes, to support the cause of
1900:
1799:
1703:
1559:
1454:
1442:
1347:
1329:; soon after, Constant became involved in drafting the more permissive
1244:
1113:
1046:
997:
662:
624:
473:
457:
407:
135:
2809:
Alastair Hamilton, Maurits H. van den Boogert, Alexander H. de Groot,
1130:, who served on his staff and was later noted for his friendship with
2106:
2060:
1939:
1891:
1757:
1012:
793:"He felt that sided with the Russians and had an understanding with
613:
520:
372:
250:
1223:, he commanded a cavalry division, becoming noted in the battles of
1064:
781:. According to the aristocratic Wallachian memoirist and politician
2834:Între Orient şi Occident. Ţările române la începutul epocii moderne
1558:
After that, the Sébastianis became the most influential faction in
1010:
subjects, having been found guilty of theft, were subjected to the
919:), to oversee Constantinople's defense and the line of fire nearby
2487:, Vol. XXXVI, John Bowyer Nichols and Son, London, 1851, p.537–538
1736:
1632:
1464:
1450:
1359:
1274:
1256:
1195:
1077:
1063:
952:
846:
798:
597:
579:
560:
478:
445:
198:
155:
3138:"Note for Draft of Speech by Marx on France's Attitude to Poland"
2101:
Horace Sébastiani's name is inscribed on the western side of the
563:, unsuccessfully offering to mediate between them and rebellious
30:"Sébastiani" redirects here. For other people with the name, see
2045:
1657:
1306:
1175:
forces (the plan was to be discarded by Sébastiani's commander,
926:
In 1806, Sébastiani married Jeanne-Françoise-Antoinette (Fanny)
461:
4025:
3829:
3598:
3423:
3118:
Censorship of Political Caricature in Nineteenth-Century France
1171:
and reportedly advanced a project to gain the region back from
531:, as well as obtaining the latter's agreement to recognize the
328:
for the first time in 1815. Briefly exiled after the return of
2425:
Biographie des députés de la Chambre septennale de 1824 à 1830
2163:'s rule. In 1989, the story was later turned into an American-
1687:, which in turn led to a standoff between all sides involved.
635:, before, in 1804, being despatched on a short mission to the
564:
367:, the controversial solution to a commercial dispute with the
335:, he was again admitted as a Deputy in 1819, sitting with the
5401:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration
3328:
Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 50
1810:
had become a European phenomenon, he was also quoted saying:
1714:
to recall the ambassador, and he ultimately agreed to do so.
758:, which published works of French literature translated into
3250:
Intimate Enemies: The Two Worlds of the Baroness de Pontalba
3055:
Histoire du règne de Louis-Philippe Ier, 1830 à 1848, précis
1774:
as title for a cartoon showing the effects of repression in
5436:
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5431:
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5426:
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5421:
Members of the 4th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5416:
Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5411:
Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
5406:
Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
1305:. Nevertheless, upon news that Napoleon was returning from
996:, he attempted to impose a pro-French pasha as governor of
923:, organizing maneuvers which caused Duckworth to withdraw.
5466:
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
2005:
During the ministerial crisis provoked by the fall of the
1690:
In parallel, Sébastiani allegedly approved the designs of
1321:. Napoleon also sent him over to attract support from the
805:
the Serbian, both of whom had rebelled against The Porte."
3180:, Vol. II, Longman, Brown, Green etc., London, 1856, p.40
2636:, Vol.XI, B. B. Mussey & Co., Boston, 1851, p.298–299
1830:
appeared to have been divided on the issue. According to
1024:
He asked to be recalled in April 1807, being replaced by
592:
on 30 January 1803, posing a threat for both British and
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
3105:
Histoire de la Pologne depuis son origine jusqu'en 1846
3025:
Bracebridge Hall, Tales of a Traveller and the Alhambra
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
1390:). During talks, he showed himself opposed to a second
2984:, Volume 2, Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish, 2004, p.8
2947:
Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman depuis 1792 jusqu'en 1844
1997:"The apprehension over seeing France engaging in the
1782:(sold together, the two works caused the artist to be
1764:
The statement itself was not rendered verbatim by the
1581:, Sébastiani had the task of undermining support for
1420:, notably pushing projects to recognize the merits of
1120:. Troops under his command included a group of Polish
3201:
Révolution française. Histoire de huit ans, 1840–1848
3088:
2769:
From Louis XIV to Napoleon: the Fate of a Great Power
2519:
2517:
1942:
which left him partly paralyzed, and traveled in the
1182:
Sébastiani is reported to have plundered a number of
720:. According to a biographical essay published by the
3269:, Bureau de l'Armorial Historique, Paris, 1845, p.67
3077:
De la Corse à l'Andalousie. Joseph Antoine Limperani
2213:
Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Ferdinand and Merit
1702:
by stressing that Russian actions in Poland and the
1547:, and others, he played a prominent part in calling
1405:, initially representing Corsica, rallying with the
511:
sent him on his first diplomatic assignments in the
27:
French soldier, diplomat, and politician (1771–1851)
5200:
5142:
5117:
5079:
4721:
4643:
4565:
4472:
4399:
4376:
4353:
4320:
4267:
4059:
4007:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3905:
3874:
3802:
3781:
3759:
3738:
3717:
3696:
3674:
3643:
3561:
3549:
3537:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3468:
3316:
The Marteau Encyclopedia of the Early Modern Period
2789:
Empire-Building and Empire-Builders: Twelve Studies
2237:
List of Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom
503:'s political actions, taking an active part in the
185:
175:
165:
145:
125:
120:
104:
92:
74:
39:
5396:Members of the Chamber of Representatives (France)
3370:"Sébastiani, Horace François Bastien, Count"
3067:
3065:
3063:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2805:
2803:
2801:
1934:'s daughters and the widow of the Russian General
1806:. Reflecting upon public sentiment at a time when
1791:, only after hearing news of Sébastiani's speech.
1290:on 10 April 1814, Sébastiani was appointed to the
867:of Constantinople against the British squadron of
578:, and negotiated a trade agreement with the local
559:; following this he met with Ottoman officials in
619:Returning to France, he was put in charge of the
1818:During a Chamber session in September 1831, the
1513:. Allegedly establishing links with the radical
750:support for Napoleon was the establishment of a
2921:, Tome 40, Firmin Didot, Paris, 1862, p.979–980
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
1995:
1884:
1812:
1754:
1200:
1051:
939:François-Henri de Franquetot, marquis de Coigny
863:in 1807, Sébastiani helped the Ottomans in the
791:
730:—whose opinions were influenced by the Russian
277:. In 1807, Sébastiani organized the defense of
216:Oraziu Francescu Bastianu Sebastiani di A Porta
2760:
2758:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2149:Sébastiani is also one of the protagonists in
2025:in the Chamber for several terms. He became a
1921:, 10 million more than what committees of the
1155:, although nominated for the title by the new
444:in 1792. Briefly dispatched as a secretary to
208:Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta
5456:French royalty and nobility with disabilities
4037:
3841:
3610:
3435:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
1601:, who, while deploring the separation of the
1469:The deputies proclaiming their allegiance to
746:". Among Horace Sébastiani's moves to enlist
8:
3379:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3267:Armorial historique de la noblesse de France
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
2957:
2955:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2511:and Richard Bentley, London, 1830, p.370–372
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2142:, the governess. Sébastiani is portrayed by
1577:, when candidatures were considered for the
547:military commanders in the aftermath of the
5441:Ambassadors of France to the Ottoman Empire
3226:"Choiseul-Praslin: les pièces à conviction"
3188:
3186:
2531:"Chronique de la quinzaine - 14 avril 1835"
1964:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1566:Pozzo di Borgo family — one of the latter,
1294:Government and was, on 2 June, awarded the
1255:. In March, he assisted in the retaking of
773:, as well as to the suspicious policies of
551:, asking them to abide by the newly signed
468:, 1800. Having served as an officer in the
4044:
4030:
4022:
3848:
3834:
3826:
3617:
3603:
3595:
3442:
3428:
3420:
3383:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
1958:In 1833, Sébastiani was ambassador to the
1198:in the following period, recounted that:
88:17 October 1830 – 11 October 1832
47:
36:
5506:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
3169:
3167:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2973:
2971:
2783:
2781:
2574:"Sébastiani, Horace François de la Porta"
2423:Pierre François Marie Massey de Tyronne,
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
1374:(as part of a delegation also comprising
422:, and probably a distant relative of the
5486:French people of the Revolutions of 1848
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
2965:, James Ridgway, London, 1839, p.223–224
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2159:, which depicts fictionalized events of
1974:'s design to extend his rule out of the
1938:. He retired from office after having a
899:José Martínez Hervás, marquis d'Alménara
688:
57:(1841). Sébastiani is depicted with the
2813:, Brill Publishers, Leiden, 2000, p.231
2252:
653:. After leading a successful attack on
320:, but rallied with Napoleon during the
3803:Public Education and Religious Affairs
1006:, to be demoted—this came after three
253:, notably drafting plans to reconquer
2982:Frédéric Chopin as a Man and Musician
2945:Antoine de Juchereau de Saint-Denys,
2427:, J.-G. Dentu, Paris, 1826, p.566–571
2242:Inmaculada Concepción (Murillo, 1670)
1629:November Uprising: early negotiations
908:, as well as the embassy's secretary
169:Fanny Franquetot de Coigny (d. 1807);
7:
5501:Knights of the Order of the Crescent
5451:French politicians with disabilities
5386:Ministers of marine and the colonies
4013:Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout
3794:Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout
2582:, 1888 edition, retrieved 5 May 2007
1903:in the event of a war with Austria.
1461:July Revolution and Belgian question
1049:heritage he shared with Sébastiani:
910:Florimond de Faÿ de La Tour-Maubourg
343:, and coming into conflict with the
5496:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
5471:Generals of the First French Empire
3550:Public Education, Religious Affairs
3453:(11 August 1830 to 2 November 1830)
3265:Henry James Gabriel de Milleville,
3203:, Pagnerre, Paris, 1852, p.119, 121
3195:, "Lettre aux électeurs d'Aix", in
3000:Napoleon's Commanders (2): c1809–15
2481:"Marshal Sebastiani. Obituary", in
1523:, he subsequently rallied with the
1401:, he was a prominent member of the
1279:Caricature of Sébastiani, drawn by
1271:Hundred Days and Second Restoration
426:. Horace Sébastiani had a brother,
375:. In later years, he progressed in
3628:(2 November 1830 to 13 March 1831)
3584:Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon
3159:University of North Carolina Press
3107:, Pagnerre, Paris, 1846, p.204–205
1966:. He was recalled and replaced by
1457:, receiving 120 votes out of 200.
1366:, he voted in favor of Napoleon's
1038:Grand Aigle de la Légion d'honneur
539:Mission to Egypt and 1805 Campaign
483:Sébastiani as a Lieutenant of the
76:French Minister of Foreign Affairs
25:
5371:Counts of the First French Empire
3356:at the Prefecture of Corsica site
2840:, Bucharest, 1995, p.284, 340–341
1780:Public Order Reigns Also in Paris
1698:, who attempted to undermine the
1519:society in the early days of the
980:'s version of events, caused the
885:As the matter was being debated,
452:, Sébastiani participated in the
386:The 1847 murder of his daughter,
289:pressure after the deposition of
5476:People of the Belgian Revolution
3892:
3886:
3704:Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
3661:
3655:
3495:Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
3480:
3451:First ministry of Louis-Philippe
3340:
3254:Louisiana State University Press
2867:Scrisori către Vasile Alecsandri
2087:Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
2017:in 1840, replacing the deceased
1880:Cristina Trivulzio di Belgiojoso
1856:Over the following year, he and
1591:Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1585:and drawing allegiances for the
1489:under the nominal leadership of
1439:1824 French legislative election
1350:. Sébastiani was elected to the
1060:Peninsular War and 1813 Campaign
961:The successful rebellion led by
732:Count Andrei Yakovlevich Budberg
574:). In late 1802, he traveled to
507:(9 November 1799). In 1802, the
359:saw France's involvement in the
301:, took part in the unsuccessful
3987:Education and Religious Affairs
3031:, 1991, p.753 ("Notes", p.1101)
2039:announced, in April 1835, that
1978:by conquering Ottoman lands in
1541:Jean-Guillaume Hyde de Neuville
851:Horace Sébastiani, portrait by
675:in 1805, where he was wounded.
571:Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
549:French invasion of Egypt (1798)
543:Sébastiani negotiated with the
371:, and the French occupation of
3859:(13 March 1831 to 16 May 1832)
3579:André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin
3232:, Nr.704, retrieved 5 May 2007
3161:, Chapel Hill, 1996, p.174–176
2345:, H. Krabe, Paris, 1835, p.237
2206:Imperial Order of the Crescent
1045:speculated that, based on the
693:Order of The Crescent insignia
616:held designs to invade Egypt.
363:, its refusal to sanction the
1:
5446:19th-century French diplomats
3531:Joseph Dominique, baron Louis
2505:The French Revolution of 1830
2342:Biographie des Hommes du Jour
2089:among other officials of the
1441:, his attempt to campaign in
1376:Benjamin Constant de Rebecque
1213:Napoleon's invasion of Russia
665:(1805), having been promoted
388:Françoise, Duchess de Praslin
180:Francoise, Duchess de Praslin
2579:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
2134:as De Choiseul-Praslin, and
1950:for a short period of time.
1844:recounted that the diplomat
1733:November Uprising: aftermath
1706:could rally opposition from
1336:Constitution of the Year XII
1263:troops under the command of
1239:(where he was wounded), and
685:Dardanelles Operation (1807)
412:Louis Sébastiani de La Porta
390:indirectly helped spark the
5391:Foreign ministers of France
4053:Foreign Ministers of France
3626:Cabinet of Jacques Laffitte
3562:Ministers without portfolio
3224:Brigitte-Marie Le Brigand,
3122:Kent State University Press
2998:Philip J. Haythornthwaite,
2872:"Polcovnicul Ioniţă Ceganu"
2752:, Tome 4, 1833 (wikisource)
2546:, Tome 2, 1835 (wikisource)
2167:film co-production: titled
2156:Sultana - La Nuit du Sérail
1962:, and in 1835–1840, to the
1712:Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo
1568:Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo
1243:. After attempting to hold
837:Russo-Turkish War (1806–12)
734:and the British Ambassador
657:, Sébastiani followed the
499:'s entourage, and endorsed
489:Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin
224:Minister of Foreign Affairs
5522:
3543:Horace François Sébastiani
3412:Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie
3402:Foreign Minister of France
3256:, Baton Rouge, 1997, p.138
2217:Knight Grand cross in the
2211:Knight Grand cross in the
2204:Knight Grand cross in the
2190:Knight Grand cross in the
2140:Henriette Deluzy-Desportes
2111:Avenue Maréchal Sébastiani
2041:Vicomte Tiburce Sébastiani
2007:Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult
1692:Armand Charles Guilleminot
1516:Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera
1317:detachments to assist the
1286:Changing sides to support
1177:Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult
861:parallel Anglo-Turkish War
682:
430:, who rose to the rank of
316:Sébastiani recognized the
257:, and later served as the
203:Count of the French Empire
111:Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie
29:
4008:Commerce and Public Works
3884:
3875:President of the ministry
3864:
3857:Cabinet of Casimir Périer
3653:
3644:President of the ministry
3633:
3478:
3458:
3408:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3142:Marxists Internet Archive
3116:Robert Justin Goldstein,
2630:"Sebastiani, Horace", in
1986:London Straits Convention
1932:Héraclius, duc de Gramont
1430:, caused an uproar among
1251:and organizing troops in
842:Charles-Frédéric Reinhard
519:, and other parts of The
456:, including campaigns in
239:French Revolutionary Army
193:
116:
81:
70:
46:
4766:Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
3774:(Sub-secretary of State)
3689:(Sub-secretary of State)
2901:University of Nottingham
2484:The Gentleman's Magazine
2320:"Horace Sébastiani", in
2151:Prince Michael of Greece
2109:was named in his honor (
1936:Count Alexander Davidoff
1648:In late 1830, after the
1605:and the French-speaking
1599:Jean Maximilien Lamarque
1447:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
1418:Maximilien Sebastien Foy
1265:Emmanuel de Saint-Priest
895:Louis Gustave le Doulcet
853:Philippe Joseph Tassaert
811:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
716:from access through the
612:would remain as long as
464:, 1794–1797, and at the
345:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
5366:People from Haute-Corse
3376:Encyclopædia Britannica
3303:Internet Movie Database
3285:Internet Movie Database
3280:All This and Heaven Too
2795:, London, 1995, p.95–96
2123:All This and Heaven Too
2053:Charles, duc de Praslin
1696:Ambassador to The Porte
1640:'s cartoon of the 1832
1583:Auguste of Leuchtenberg
1485:, he held the posts of
1140:Jean-Baptiste de Marbot
992:Under the new monarch,
831:Danubian Principalities
769:, formed around Prince
355:. Sébastiani's time as
324:, being elected to the
309:region in front of the
271:Danubian Principalities
263:Ambassador to The Porte
53:Portrait as marshal by
5376:French Roman Catholics
3968:Joseph-Dominique Louis
3746:Étienne Maurice Gérard
3519:Étienne Maurice Gérard
3319:, retrieved 5 May 2007
3305:, retrieved 5 May 2007
3287:, retrieved 5 May 2007
3144:, retrieved 5 May 2007
3091:, retrieved 5 May 2007
2903:, retrieved 5 May 2007
2633:Encyclopedia Americana
2225:Order of the Oak Crown
2003:
1888:
1816:
1762:
1749:
1742:Order reigns in Warsaw
1723:Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki
1645:
1595:Louise-Marie of France
1478:
1283:
1209:
1073:
1057:
958:
856:
807:
771:Constantine Ypsilantis
694:
643:in 1803, he commanded
623:from the mouth of the
492:
215:
204:
3999:Amédée Girod de l'Ain
3994:Camille de Montalivet
3918:Camille de Montalivet
3913:Casimir Pierre Périer
3899:Casimir Pierre Périer
3880:Casimir Pierre Périer
3725:Nicolas Joseph Maison
3682:Camille de Montalivet
3569:Casimir Pierre Périer
3395:Nicolas Joseph Maison
3354:D'un Empire à l'autre
3023:, "The Alhambra", in
2775:, London, 1999, p.183
2749:Revue des Deux Mondes
2543:Revue des Deux Mondes
2260:www.archiveshub.ac.uk
2219:Order of the Redeemer
2032:Revue des Deux Mondes
2019:Nicolas Joseph Maison
1841:Revue des Deux Mondes
1823:Marquis de La Fayette
1740:
1681:the Duke of Mortemart
1677:Marquis de La Fayette
1636:
1503:Casimir Pierre Perier
1473:in 1830, painting by
1468:
1388:comte de Pontécoulant
1380:marquis de La Fayette
1278:
1261:Imperial Russian Army
1259:, where he faced the
1221:Campaign of 1812–1813
1217:Marshal Joachim Murat
1145:Revue des Deux Mondes
1126:soldiers, among them
1094:Battle of Ciudad-Real
1067:
1043:Revue des Deux Mondes
1032:Order of the Crescent
1021:to remain in office.
986:Revue des Deux Mondes
956:
949:Embassy to Mustafa IV
850:
723:Revue des Deux Mondes
692:
589:Le Moniteur Universel
482:
472:, he was promoted to
416:Roman Catholic priest
283:Dardanelles Operation
273:, thus provoking the
245:. Sébastiani was the
202:
99:Nicolas Joseph Maison
5381:Corsican politicians
3866:Head of state: King
3635:Head of state: King
3460:Head of state: King
3349:at Wikimedia Commons
3006:, Botley, 2002, p.51
2876:"Din timpul zaverii"
2197:Grand Cordon in the
1908:Continental Blockade
1333:, which amended the
1296:Order of Saint Louis
1253:Châlons-en-Champagne
1076:Sébastiani became a
928:Franquetot de Coigny
827:Mikhail Miloradovich
679:Embassy to Selim III
673:Battle of Austerlitz
639:in Vienna. Promoted
470:9th Dragoon Regiment
448:Raffaele Cadorna in
339:faction, supporting
3124:, Kent, 1989, p.143
1914:Embargo Act of 1807
1573:In the wake of the
1493:(autumn 1830), and
1409:. According to the
1403:Chamber of Deputies
1292:Bourbon Restoration
1104:. In 1810, he took
1102:Battle of Almonacid
937:, only daughter of
779:Alexander Mourousis
668:Général de division
347:Cabinet. After the
318:Bourbon Restoration
305:, and defended the
297:and resided in the
293:, he served in the
249:'s emissary to The
5461:Marshals of France
4713:La Tour d'Auvergne
4401:Second Restoration
3751:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3687:Jean-Jacques Baude
3507:Louis-Mathieu Molé
3387:Political offices
3101:Barthélemy Hauréau
3083:2007-02-26 at the
3029:Library of America
2895:2007-03-20 at the
2536:2006-09-13 at the
2021:, and represented
1804:Congress of Vienna
1750:
1719:Barthélemy Hauréau
1646:
1575:Belgian Revolution
1479:
1384:marquis d'Argenson
1364:Battle of Waterloo
1311:Count de Lavalette
1284:
1098:Battle of Talavera
1074:
959:
865:successful defense
857:
695:
649:troops during the
637:Holy Roman Emperor
555:and withdraw from
495:Sébastiani joined
493:
454:Revolutionary Wars
440:, and entered the
361:Belgian Revolution
303:invasion of Russia
285:. Recalled due to
269:activities in the
243:Napoleon Bonaparte
237:Having joined the
205:
5481:November Uprising
5343:
5342:
5210:Couve de Murville
5192:Couve de Murville
4449:Montmorency-Laval
4355:First Restoration
4019:
4018:
3975:Navy and Colonies
3944:Horace Sébastiani
3823:
3822:
3789:Horace Sébastiani
3782:Navy and Colonies
3730:Horace Sébastiani
3592:
3591:
3555:Victor de Broglie
3538:Navy and Colonies
3418:
3417:
3409:Succeeded by
3347:Horace Sébastiani
3345:Media related to
3248:Christina Vella,
3153:Lloyd S. Kramer,
3021:Washington Irving
3004:Osprey Publishing
2961:S. B. Gnorowski,
2175:La Nuit du Sérail
2015:Marshal of France
1999:Oriental question
1948:Minister of State
1944:Italian Peninsula
1878:refugees such as
1836:Karol Kniaziewicz
1756:"Order reigns in
1650:November Uprising
1642:London Conference
1614:London Conference
1537:Benjamin Constant
1372:Seventh Coalition
1327:Benjamin Constant
1192:Washington Irving
1092:, notably at the
1027:Chargé d'affaires
869:Admiral Duckworth
819:the Russian Count
736:Charles Arbuthnot
699:French Ambassador
641:Brigadier-General
466:Battle of Marengo
438:French Revolution
420:Bishop of Ajaccio
377:French Government
365:November Uprising
228:Minister of State
197:
196:
189:Soldier, diplomat
41:Horace Sébastiani
18:Horace Sebastiani
16:(Redirected from
5513:
5491:Knights of Malta
4791:Challemel-Lacour
4693:La Tour Auvergne
4046:
4039:
4032:
4023:
3896:
3890:
3868:Louis Philippe I
3850:
3843:
3836:
3827:
3767:Jacques Laffitte
3668:Jacques Laffitte
3665:
3659:
3649:Jacques Laffitte
3637:Louis Philippe I
3619:
3612:
3605:
3596:
3574:Jacques Laffitte
3484:
3462:Louis Philippe I
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3392:Preceded by
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2199:Order of Leopold
2192:Legion of Honour
2179:Laurent Le Doyen
2082:and attended by
1867:politics in the
1772:J. J. Grandville
1746:J. J. Grandville
1669:Saint Petersburg
1562:, replacing the
1527:politics of the
1499:Jacques Laffitte
1415:
1161:Joseph Bonaparte
1084:, and commanded
1072:citadel, Granada
975:
936:
918:
907:
829:entered the two
787:Serbian Uprising
728:diplomatic corps
608:indicating that
553:Treaty of Amiens
533:Italian Republic
505:18 Brumaire coup
497:Lucien Bonaparte
433:Maréchal de Camp
357:Foreign Minister
341:liberal politics
275:War of 1806–1812
247:French Consulate
171:Aglaé de Gramont
152:
129:11 November 1771
121:Personal details
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4673:Drouyn de Lhuys
4653:Drouyn de Lhuys
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4635:Drouyn de Lhuys
4615:Drouyn de Lhuys
4595:Drouyn de Lhuys
4567:Second Republic
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2103:Arc de Triomphe
2099:
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2065:1848 Revolution
1968:François Guizot
1956:
1946:. He was later
1871:, and to allow
1869:Austrian Empire
1854:
1789:Duke of Trévise
1776:Congress Poland
1735:
1673:Viktor Kochubey
1654:Congress Poland
1631:
1587:Duke of Nemours
1495:Foreign Affairs
1491:François Guizot
1483:July Revolution
1475:François Gérard
1463:
1428:French tricolor
1413:
1331:Acte Additionel
1313:, he organized
1273:
1211:Serving during
1132:Frédéric Chopin
1128:Albert Grzymała
1062:
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963:Kabakçı Mustafa
951:
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3193:Adolphe Thiers
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2128:Barbara O'Neil
2120:published her
2098:
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2073:Olmeta-di-Tuda
2037:François Buloz
2027:Peer of France
1991:Adolphe Thiers
1976:Egyptian realm
1955:
1952:
1924:Conseil d'État
1858:Prime Minister
1853:
1852:Périer Cabinet
1850:
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1685:King of Poland
1638:Honoré Daumier
1630:
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1622:General Gérard
1579:Belgian throne
1549:Louis-Philippe
1545:Adolphe Thiers
1487:Naval Minister
1471:Louis-Philippe
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1315:National Guard
1281:Honoré Daumier
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1194:, who visited
1184:Roman Catholic
1090:Peninsular War
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1019:Bostanji-bashi
1003:Bostanji-bashi
982:Soutzos family
950:
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943:Grand Dragoman
921:Topkapı Palace
889:forces on the
823:Ivan Michelson
756:Constantinople
752:printing press
683:Main article:
680:
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610:British troops
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513:Ottoman Empire
485:light infantry
418:who was later
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353:Louis-Philippe
351:, he endorsed
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220:Naval Minister
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5167:Mendès France
5165:
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5158:
5155:
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4645:Second Empire
4642:
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4474:July Monarchy
4471:
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4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
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4199:L. Phélypeaux
4197:
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4169:Saint-Contest
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4089:R. Phélypeaux
4087:
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4061:Ancien Régime
4058:
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4014:
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3956:Nicolas Soult
3953:
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3174:Thomas Raikes
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2859:(in Romanian)
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2830:Neagu Djuvara
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2514:
2510:
2509:Henry Colburn
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2132:Charles Boyer
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2080:Les Invalides
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2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2029:in 1842. The
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
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1994:
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1828:Holy Alliance
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1744:, cartoon by
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1700:Holy Alliance
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1663:
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1652:broke out in
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1553:French throne
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1157:King of Spain
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967:Aleko Soutzos
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916:
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905:
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879:Ottoman fleet
876:
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845:
843:
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803:Czerny-George
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651:Battle of Ulm
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525:Barbary State
522:
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517:Ottoman Egypt
514:
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232:July Monarchy
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19:
5305:Alliot-Marie
5295:Douste-Blazy
5081:Vichy France
5041:Paul-Boncour
5011:Paul-Boncour
4501:
4444:La Ferronays
4386:Caulaincourt
4378:Hundred Days
4345:Caulaincourt
4322:First Empire
4277:Lebrun-Tondu
4259:Sainte-Croix
3943:
3932:Félix Barthe
3815:Félix Barthe
3788:
3729:
3542:
3400:
3374:
3353:
3324:
3315:
3312:The Favorite
3311:
3298:The Favorite
3297:
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3266:
3261:
3249:
3229:
3200:
3177:
3154:
3149:
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3117:
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3104:
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3087:, hosted by
3076:
3054:
3053:F. Rittiez,
3024:
2999:
2981:
2962:
2946:
2918:
2888:
2883:
2878:(wikisource)
2866:
2833:
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2765:Jeremy Black
2747:
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2330:(wikisource)
2326:
2255:
2174:
2170:The Favorite
2168:
2154:
2148:
2144:Montagu Love
2121:
2118:Rachel Field
2115:
2110:
2100:
2077:
2050:
2030:
2013:He was made
2012:
2004:
1996:
1983:
1972:Muhammad Ali
1960:Two Sicilies
1957:
1929:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1855:
1839:
1817:
1813:
1793:
1779:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1716:
1689:
1647:
1611:
1572:
1557:
1514:
1480:
1436:
1432:conservative
1423:Grande Armée
1421:
1410:
1399:Duke Decazes
1396:
1362:. After the
1344:Hundred Days
1341:
1334:
1330:
1285:
1210:
1201:
1181:
1164:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1121:
1075:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1001:
991:
985:
960:
925:
884:
872:
858:
834:
808:
792:
764:
762:and Arabic.
721:
696:
666:
646:Grande Armée
644:
618:
587:
584:
568:
542:
494:
487:in 1793, by
460:, 1793, the
431:
401:
385:
322:Hundred Days
315:
236:
207:
206:
151:(1851-07-20)
149:20 July 1851
106:Succeeded by
83:
63:Hagia Sophia
55:Winterhalter
5361:1851 deaths
5356:1771 births
5225:Bettencourt
5119:Provisional
4600:Tocqueville
4194:É. Choiseul
4189:C. Choiseul
4184:É. Choiseul
4094:Bouthillier
3359:(in French)
3308:(in German)
3222:(in French)
3072:(in French)
2741:(in French)
2571:(in German)
2524:(in French)
2318:(in French)
2136:Bette Davis
1954:Later years
1865:reactionary
1531:camp. With
1437:During the
1342:During the
1325:politician
1303:Louis XVIII
970: [
931: [
913: [
902: [
874:Eid al-Adha
859:During the
795:Pazvantoğlu
718:Dardanelles
333:Louis XVIII
281:during the
94:Preceded by
5350:Categories
5240:Guiringaud
5121:Government
4756:Waddington
4751:Banneville
4741:A. Broglie
4688:La Valette
4678:La Valette
4542:Montebello
4527:V. Broglie
4507:V. Broglie
4502:Sébastiani
4409:Talleyrand
4368:Talleyrand
4330:Talleyrand
4312:Talleyrand
4302:Talleyrand
4254:Dubouchage
3406:1830-1832
2248:References
2130:as Fanny,
1846:Talleyrand
1808:Radicalism
1717:Historian
1616:compelled
1564:Legitimist
1481:After the
1434:deputies.
1368:abdication
1356:department
1288:Talleyrand
1100:, and the
994:Mustafa IV
855:, ca. 1800
825:and Count
777:'s Prince
714:Royal Navy
697:Appointed
671:after the
557:Alexandria
450:Casablanca
424:Bonapartes
398:Early life
381:ambassador
230:under the
186:Occupation
32:Sebastiani
4951:Millerand
4916:Doumergue
4906:Bourgeois
4901:Doumergue
4866:Bourgeois
4846:Bourgeois
4841:Berthelot
4801:Freycinet
4786:Fallières
4776:Freycinet
4761:Freycinet
4668:Thouvenel
4575:Lamartine
4464:Mortemart
4419:Dessolles
4335:Champagny
4297:Delacroix
4282:Deforgues
4249:Chambonas
4239:Dumouriez
4229:Montmorin
4219:Montmorin
4214:Vergennes
4204:Aiguillon
4164:Puisieulx
4144:Chauvelin
3134:Karl Marx
2899:, at the
2862:Ion Ghica
2838:Humanitas
2793:Routledge
2773:Routledge
2161:Selim III
2153:'s novel
2116:In 1938,
2084:President
2057:governess
1876:Carbonari
1832:Karl Marx
1612:When the
1529:Orléanist
1507:Charles X
1249:Champagne
1173:guerrilla
978:Ion Ghica
891:Anatolian
887:Janissary
801:and with
783:Ion Ghica
767:Wallachia
710:Selim III
703:The Porte
659:Austrians
509:Consulate
476:in 1799.
307:Champagne
291:Selim III
166:Spouse(s)
84:In office
59:Bosphorus
5335:Séjourné
5325:Le Drian
5300:Kouchner
5285:Villepin
5275:Charette
5250:Cheysson
5220:Schumann
5089:Baudouin
5071:Baudouin
5061:Daladier
5051:Daladier
5016:Daladier
4971:Lefebvre
4966:Poincaré
4921:Delcassé
4886:Poincaré
4856:Delcassé
4851:Hanotaux
4836:Hanotaux
4806:Flourens
4771:Gambetta
4703:Ollivier
4683:Moustier
4658:Walewski
4610:La Hitte
4605:Rayneval
4459:Polignac
4454:Portalis
4424:Pasquier
4363:Laforest
4307:Reinhard
4224:Vauguyon
4159:Argenson
4154:Noailles
4149:Chaillou
4139:Morville
4129:Huxelles
4114:Pomponne
4099:Chavigny
4074:Villeroy
3906:Interior
3675:Interior
3469:Interior
3230:Historia
3081:Archived
2893:Archived
2534:Archived
2231:See also
1800:Polangen
1784:censored
1767:Moniteur
1727:minister
1665:Nicholas
1607:Walloons
1533:Laffitte
1525:centrist
1511:Bourbons
1453:town of
1394:return.
1354:for the
1225:Borodino
1215:, under
1188:Alhambra
1086:IV Corps
1070:Alhambra
1047:Corsican
817:. While
813:and the
775:Moldavia
655:Günzburg
629:Morbihan
621:littoral
501:Napoleon
404:La Porta
402:Born in
299:Alhambra
212:Corsican
176:Children
132:La Porta
61:and the
5330:Colonna
5320:Ayrault
5290:Barnier
5280:Védrine
5260:Raimond
5162:Bidault
5157:Schuman
5152:Bidault
5129:Bidault
5099:Flandin
5066:Reynaud
5056:Reynaud
5031:Flandin
5021:Barthou
5006:Herriot
5001:Tardieu
4986:Herriot
4976:Herriot
4956:Leygues
4941:Barthou
4926:Viviani
4911:Viviani
4891:Jonnart
4861:Rouvier
4826:Develle
4816:Spuller
4781:Duclerc
4746:Decazes
4736:Rémusat
4708:Gramont
4663:Baroche
4625:Baroche
4620:Brénier
4590:Bastide
4580:Bastide
4517:Bresson
4487:Jourdan
4340:Bassano
4244:Naillac
4234:Lessart
4174:Rouillé
4119:Croissy
4104:Brienne
4084:Sillery
3963:Finance
3927:Justice
3760:Finance
3697:Justice
3526:Finance
3490:Justice
3301:at the
3283:at the
2185:Honours
2069:Corsica
2023:Ajaccio
1901:Trieste
1873:Italian
1820:liberal
1708:Austria
1704:Balkans
1662:Emperor
1560:Corsica
1551:to the
1455:Vervins
1443:Corsica
1392:Bourbon
1352:Chamber
1348:Picardy
1323:liberal
1319:Emperor
1245:Cologne
1237:Leipzig
1229:Bautzen
1204:Moorish
1114:Granada
1106:Linares
1088:in the
1080:of the
1008:Ragusan
998:Baghdad
760:Turkish
748:Ottoman
744:Holland
663:Moravia
625:Vilaine
606:Cabinet
600:, with
594:Russian
545:British
529:Tripoli
474:colonel
458:Corsica
428:Tiburce
408:Corsica
326:Chamber
287:British
267:Russian
136:Corsica
5315:Fabius
5230:Jobert
5187:Pleven
5182:Pineau
5104:Darlan
5046:Bonnet
5036:Delbos
4991:Briand
4981:Briand
4961:Briand
4946:Pichon
4931:Briand
4896:Pichon
4881:Selves
4876:Cruppi
4871:Pichon
4811:Goblet
4630:Turgot
4585:Bedeau
4557:Guizot
4552:Thiers
4532:Thiers
4497:Maison
4482:Bignon
4391:Bignon
4292:Herman
4287:Goujon
4209:Bertin
4179:Bernis
4134:Dubois
4109:Lionne
2107:Bastia
2097:Legacy
2061:parole
1940:stroke
1919:francs
1894:. The
1892:Ancona
1861:Périer
1796:Baltic
1758:Warsaw
1748:, 1831
1694:, the
1603:French
1497:under
1477:, 1836
1414:'s
1378:, the
1233:Lützen
1123:émigré
1118:Málaga
1096:, the
1082:Empire
1041:. The
1013:falaka
707:Sultan
614:France
521:Levant
491:(1835)
373:Ancona
259:Empire
251:Levant
226:, and
160:France
140:France
5310:Juppé
5270:Juppé
5265:Dumas
5255:Dumas
5215:Debré
5177:Pinay
5172:Faure
5109:Laval
5094:Laval
5026:Laval
4996:Laval
4936:Ribot
4821:Ribot
4796:Ferry
4731:Favre
4547:Soult
4522:Rigny
4512:Rigny
4439:Damas
4124:Torcy
4069:Revol
3314:, at
3228:, in
3140:, at
2746:, in
2576:, in
2540:, in
2165:Swiss
2046:duels
1980:Syria
1896:Revue
1618:Dutch
1451:Aisne
1411:Revue
1360:Aisne
1257:Reims
1241:Hanau
1196:Spain
1169:Lorca
1165:Revue
1153:Revue
1078:Count
974:]
935:]
917:]
906:]
799:Vidin
740:Spain
661:into
633:Brest
631:) to
598:Malta
580:pasha
561:Cairo
446:Conte
156:Paris
5134:Blum
4698:Daru
4537:Molé
4492:Molé
2173:(or
1984:see
1912:see
1658:Sejm
1501:and
1407:Left
1386:and
1307:Elba
1300:King
1116:and
1110:Jaén
1068:The
897:and
835:see
742:and
627:(in
576:Akka
569:see
565:beys
462:Alps
442:army
414:, a
337:Left
330:King
146:Died
126:Born
3951:War
3739:War
3514:War
2138:as
2113:).
1989:).
1358:of
1298:by
1179:).
797:of
754:in
701:to
604:'s
527:of
261:'s
5352::
3373:.
3252:,
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3199:,
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3062:^
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2980:,
2970:^
2954:^
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2874:;
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2800:^
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2771:,
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2641:^
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