Horsepower - Knowledge (XXG)

180: 47: 1006: 856: 431:, they reported that the peak power over a few seconds has been measured to be as high as 14.88 hp (11.10 kW) and also observed that for sustained activity, a work rate of about 1 hp (0.75 kW) per horse is consistent with agricultural advice from both the 19th and 20th centuries and also consistent with a work rate of about four times the 385: 2488:, which was a version of brake horsepower called SAE gross horsepower because it was measured according to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (J245 and J1995) that call for a stock test engine without accessories (such as dynamo/alternator, radiator fan, water pump), and sometimes fitted with long tube test 2630:, was formerly used in Italy. CUNA prescribed that the engine be tested with all accessories necessary to its running fitted (such as the water pump), while all others – such as alternator/dynamo, radiator fan, and exhaust manifold – could be omitted. All calibration and accessories had to be as on production engines. 2355:– hence indicated horsepower. As the piston advances throughout its stroke, the pressure against the piston generally decreases, and the indicator device usually generates a graph of pressure vs stroke within the working cylinder. From this graph the amount of work performed during the piston stroke may be calculated. 2515:

fell into disuse in 1971–1972, as automakers began to quote power in terms of SAE net horsepower in accord with SAE standard J1349. Like SAE gross and other brake horsepower protocols, SAE net hp is measured at the engine's crankshaft, and so does not account for transmission losses. However, similar

2437:

There exist a number of different standards determining how the power and torque of an automobile engine is measured and corrected. Correction factors are used to adjust power and torque measurements to standard atmospheric conditions, to provide a more accurate comparison between engines as they are

2403:

refers to the device which is used to provide an equal braking force, load to balance, or equal an engine's output force and hold it at a desired rotational speed. During testing, the output torque and rotational speed are measured to determine the brake horsepower. Horsepower was originally measured

2565:

SAE tightened its horsepower rules to eliminate the opportunity for engine manufacturers to manipulate factors affecting performance such as how much oil was in the crankcase, engine control system calibration, and whether an engine was tested with high octane fuel. In some cases, such can add up to

2561:

While Toyota and Honda are retesting their entire vehicle lineups, other automakers generally are retesting only those with updated powertrains. For example, the 2006 Ford Five Hundred is rated at 203 horsepower (151 kW), the same as that of 2005 model. However, the 2006 rating does not reflect

2520:

standard, SAE net power testing protocol calls for standard production-type belt-driven accessories, air cleaner, emission controls, exhaust system, and other power-consuming accessories. This produces ratings in closer alignment with the power produced by the engine as it is actually configured and

1797:

Taxable horsepower does not reflect developed horsepower; rather, it is a calculated figure based on the engine's bore size, number of cylinders, and a (now archaic) presumption of engine efficiency. As new engines were designed with ever-increasing efficiency, it was no longer a useful measure, but

1452:

in 1876, where the best steam engines of that period were tested. The average steam consumption of those engines (per output horsepower) was determined to be the evaporation of 30 pounds (14 kg) of water per hour, based on feed water at 100 °F (38 °C), and saturated steam generated at

417:

A common legend states that the unit was created when one of Watt's first customers, a brewer, specifically demanded an engine that would match a horse, and chose the strongest horse he had and driving it to the limit. In that legend, Watt accepted the challenge and built a machine that was actually

1444:

and is not the same unit of power as the 550 ft lb/s definition. One boiler horsepower is equal to the thermal energy rate required to evaporate 34.5 pounds (15.6 kg) of fresh water at 212 °F (100 °C) in one hour. In the early days of steam use, the boiler horsepower was roughly

2358:

Indicated horsepower was a better measure of engine power than nominal horsepower (nhp) because it took account of steam pressure. But unlike later measures such as shaft horsepower (shp) and brake horsepower (bhp), it did not take into account power losses due to the machinery internal frictional

2549:

V6 fell from 210 to 190 hp (160 to 140 kW). The company's Lexus ES 330 and Camry SE V6 (3.3 L V6) were previously rated at 225 hp (168 kW) but the ES 330 dropped to 218 hp (163 kW) while the Camry declined to 210 hp (160 kW). The first engine certified

207:

So that an engine which will raise as much water as two horses, working together at one time in such a work, can do, and for which there must be constantly kept ten or twelve horses for doing the same. Then I say, such an engine may be made large enough to do the work required in employing eight,

1282:

Nameplates on electrical motors show their power output, not the power input (the power delivered at the shaft, not the power consumed to drive the motor). This power output is ordinarily stated in watts or kilowatts. In the United States, the power output is stated in horsepower, which for this

2348:

Indicated horsepower (ihp) is the theoretical power of a reciprocating engine if it is completely frictionless in converting the expanding gas energy (piston pressure × displacement) in the cylinders. It is calculated from the pressures developed in the cylinders, measured by a device called an

1911:

The power of an engine may be measured or estimated at several points in the transmission of the power from its generation to its application. A number of names are used for the power developed at various stages in this process, but none is a clear indicator of either the measurement system or

1457:

re-defined the boiler horsepower as the thermal output equal to the evaporation of 34.5 pounds per hour of water "from and at" 212 °F (100 °C). This considerably simplified boiler testing, and provided more accurate comparisons of the boilers at that time. This revised definition is

740: 2642:

for the approval of compression ignition engine emissions, installation and measurement of engine power. It is similar to DIN 70020 standard, but with different requirements for connecting an engine's fan during testing causing it to absorb less power from the engine.

242: 1458:

equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,469 Btu/h (9.809 kW). Present industrial practice is to define "boiler horsepower" as a boiler thermal output equal to 33,475 Btu/h (9.811 kW), which is very close to the original and revised definitions.

1793:

and was used to denote the power of early 20th-century British cars. Many cars took their names from this figure (hence the Austin Seven and Riley Nine), while others had names such as "40/50 hp", which indicated the RAC figure followed by the true measured power.

2420:

Shaft horsepower (shp) is the power delivered to a propeller shaft, a turbine shaft, or to an output shaft of an automotive transmission. Shaft horsepower is a common rating for turboshaft and turboprop engines, industrial turbines, and some marine applications.

1990:

For the nominal horsepower to equal the actual power it would be necessary for the mean steam pressure in the cylinder during the stroke to be 7 psi (48 kPa) and for the piston speed to be that generated by the assumed relationship for paddle ships.

729: 1353: 600: 2941:

turns in a minute. Watt assumed that the mill horse exerted a pull of 180 lb.—we do not know where he got this figure—and found that it exerts 32,400 lb. per minute. By the following year he has rounded off the figure to 33,000, doubtless for ease in

1882:

Since taxable horsepower was computed based on bore and number of cylinders, not based on actual displacement, it gave rise to engines with "undersquare" dimensions (bore smaller than stroke), which tended to impose an artificially low limit on

1499:

pull exerted, and the speed. From these, the power generated can be calculated. To determine the maximum power available, a controllable load is required; it is normally a second locomotive with its brakes applied, in addition to a static load.

1265:

Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes. Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less directly related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries changed over to systems based on

1965:

Engine designers use expressions other than horsepower to denote objective targets or performance, such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). This is a coefficient of theoretical brake horsepower and cylinder pressures during combustion.

1616: 1415: 1461:

Boiler horsepower is still used to measure boiler output in industrial boiler engineering in the US. Boiler horsepower is abbreviated BHP, not to be confused with brake horsepower, below, which is also abbreviated bhp, in lower case.

1894:

3.4-litre XK engine of the 1950s had six cylinders with a bore of 83 mm (3.27 in) and a stroke of 106 mm (4.17 in), where most American automakers had long since moved to oversquare (large bore, short stroke)

2500:

standards, which account for engine accessories (but not transmission losses). The atmospheric correction standards for barometric pressure, humidity and temperature for SAE gross power testing were relatively idealistic.

2393:, water pump, and other auxiliary components such as power steering pump, muffled exhaust system, etc., so the figures were higher than the European figures for the same engine. The newer American standard (referred to as 446:) and sustain about 0.1 hp (0.075 kW) indefinitely; trained athletes can manage up to about 2.5 hp (1.9 kW) briefly and 0.35 hp (0.26 kW) for a period of several hours. The Jamaican sprinter 1774: 851:{\displaystyle 33{,}000~{\frac {{\text{ft}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}\times {\frac {12~{\frac {\text{in}}{\text{ft}}}}{2\pi ~{\text{rad}}}}\approx 63{,}025{\frac {{\text{in}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.} 3965: 1685: 2428:

engines. It includes the equivalent power derived from residual jet thrust from the turbine exhaust. 2.5 pounds-force (11 N) of residual jet thrust is estimated to be produced from one unit of horsepower.

1856: 1802:. The United Kingdom was not the only country that used the RAC rating; many states in Australia used RAC hp to determine taxation. The RAC formula was sometimes applied in British colonies as well, such as 3840:"ISO 14396:2002 - Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Determination and method for the measurement of engine power - Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178" 4634: 4042: 380:{\displaystyle P={\frac {W}{t}}={\frac {Fd}{t}}={\frac {180~{\text{lbf}}\times 2.4\times 2\,\pi \times 12~{\text{ft}}}{1~{\text{min}}}}=32{,}572~{\frac {{\text{ft}}\cdot {\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.} 5155: 2562:

the new SAE testing procedure, as Ford is not going to incur the extra expense of retesting its existing engines. Over time, most automakers are expected to comply with the new guidelines.

1520: 4616: 622: 1308: 493: 2689:

exhaust emission test. It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail and marine use excluding engines of motor vehicles primarily designed for road use.

2597:, DIN testing measures the engine as installed in the vehicle, with cooling system, charging system and stock exhaust system all connected. DIN hp is often abbreviated as " 3969: 997:

Or given that 1 hp = 550 ft⋅lbf/s, 1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 lbf ≈ 4.448 N, 1 J = 1 N⋅m, 1 W = 1 J/s: 1 hp ≈ 745.7 W

2374:) is the power measured using a brake type (load) dynamometer at a specified location, such as the crankshaft, output shaft of the transmission, rear axle or rear wheels. 1984:

For paddle ships, the Admiralty rule was that the piston speed in feet per minute was taken as 129.7 × (stroke). For screw steamers, the intended piston speed was used.

116:

is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the

1071:

66036 defines one metric horsepower as the power to raise a mass of 75 kilograms against the Earth's gravitational force over a distance of one metre in one second:

1382: 2675: 1714: 1453:

70 psi (480 kPa). This original definition is equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,485 Btu/h (9.813 kW). A few years later in 1884, the

1365:

Drilling rigs are powered mechanically by rotating the drill pipe from above. Hydraulic power is still needed though, as 1 500 to 5 000 W are required to push

2529:

In 2005, the SAE introduced "SAE Certified Power" with SAE J2723. To attain certification the test must follow the SAE standard in question, take place in an

4609: 1625: 5124: 872: 3629: 2412:

use any of several braking methods to measure the engine's brake horsepower, the actual output of the engine itself, before losses to the drivetrain.

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This formula may also be used to calculate the power of a jet engine, using the speed of the jet and the thrust required to maintain that speed.

1065:

in English. British manufacturers often intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question.

4602: 2685:

specifies the additional and method requirement for determining the power of reciprocating internal combustion engines when presented for an

1922:

horsepower is derived from the size of the engine and the piston speed and is only accurate at a steam pressure of 48 kPa (7 psi);

3614: 2471: 184: 450:

produced a maximum of 3.5 hp (2.6 kW) 0.89 seconds into his 9.58 second 100-metre (109.4 yd) sprint world record in 2009.

1812: 216:

to help market his improved steam engine. He had previously agreed to take royalties of one-third of the savings in coal from the older

1937:

indicated horsepower minus frictional losses within the engine (bearing drag, rod and crankshaft windage losses, oil film drag, etc.);

1449: 4578: 3715: 3682: 3333: 3241: 3126: 2981: 2915: 3257: 1068: 1689:

The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph. If other units are used, the constant is different. When using coherent

1081:⋅m/s = 1 PS. This is equivalent to 735.49875 W, or 98.6% of an imperial horsepower. In 1972, the PS was replaced by the 3097: 2749: 2493: 2459: 2458:

In the early twentieth century, a so-called "SAE horsepower" was sometimes quoted for U.S. automobiles. This long predates the

1369:

through the drill bit to clear waste rock. Additional hydraulic power may also be used to drive a down-hole mud motor to power

890: 2381:

standard tests the engine fitted with all ancillaries and the exhaust system as used in the car. The older American standard (

1956:

shaft horsepower minus frictional losses in the universal joint/s, differential, wheel bearings, tire and chain, (if present).

3531: 3378: 3182: 2404:

and calculated by use of the "indicator diagram" (a James Watt invention of the late 18th century), and later by means of a

427:

summarizing measurements and calculations of peak and sustained work rates of a horse. Citing measurements made at the 1926

2842: 227:

144 times in an hour (or 2.4 times a minute). The wheel was 12 feet (3.7 m) in radius; therefore, the horse travelled

4625: 160: 4017: 3944: 3923: 3470: 3287: 2922:... based his calculations on data supplied to him to the effect that a mill horse walks, in a path of 24 ft. diameter, 1945:

horsepower (power delivered to and measured at the output shaft of the transmission, when present in the system) equals

3902: 3881: 2825: 4583: 3658: 3284:"Council Directive 71/354/EEC: On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement" 2359:

losses, such as a piston sliding within the cylinder, plus bearing friction, transmission and gear box friction, etc.

443: 399: 31: 2868: 2809: 457:

to be able to measure how much horsepower a horse can produce. This horse was measured to 5.7 hp (4.3 kW).

1239:

In the 19th century, the French had their own unit, which they used instead of the CV or horsepower. Based on a 100

1487:

or an agricultural tractor to pull an implement. This is a measured figure rather than a calculated one. A special

220:. This royalty scheme did not work with customers who did not have existing steam engines but used horses instead. 168: 5119: 4573: 724:{\displaystyle \{P\}_{\mathrm {hp} }={\frac {\{T\}_{\mathrm {in{\cdot }lbf} }\{N\}_{\mathrm {rpm} }}{63{,}025}}.} 3731: 179: 2537: 1348:{\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic power}}={\frac {{\text{pressure}}\times {\text{volumetric flow rate}}}{1714}},} 3802: 1981:

Nominal horsepower = 7 × area of piston in square inches × equivalent piston speed in feet per minute/33,000.

159:

and other machinery. The definition of the unit varied among geographical regions. Most countries now use the

3637: 2581:

standard for measuring road vehicle horsepower. DIN hp is measured at the engine's output shaft as a form of

1948:

crankshaft horsepower minus frictional losses in the transmission (bearings, gears, oil drag, windage, etc.);

595:{\displaystyle \{P\}_{\mathrm {hp} }={\frac {\{T\}_{\mathrm {ft{\cdot }lbf} }\{N\}_{\mathrm {rpm} }}{5252}}.} 195:

provided a reason to compare the output of horses with that of the engines that could replace them. In 1702,

5150: 5145: 4010: 2770: 2062: 418:

even stronger than the figure achieved by the brewer, and the output of that machine became the horsepower.

3573: 5012: 4449: 3776: 2624: 2482:

Prior to the 1972 model year, American automakers rated and advertised their engines in brake horsepower,

2282: 484: 3816: 3351: 2162: 2142: 4648: 4061: 2663: 2438:

affected by the pressure, humidity, and temperature of ambient air. Some standards are described below.

1934:/net/crankshaft horsepower (power delivered directly to and measured at the engine's crankshaft) equals 1890:

The situation persisted for several generations of four- and six-cylinder British engines: For example,

1790: 217: 3418:, vol. Trade Information Bulletin no. 463, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, pp. 39–42 2202: 2042: 2122: 1978:

used to estimate the power of steam engines. It assumed a steam pressure of 7 psi (48 kPa).

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A few manufacturers such as Honda and Toyota switched to the new ratings immediately. The rating for

2262: 2102: 1900: 1370: 3992: 1620:

Example: How much power is needed to pull a drawbar load of 2,025 pounds-force at 5 miles per hour?

5160: 5104: 5078: 5063: 4566: 4520: 4490: 3569: 3208: 2322: 2082: 1292: 473: 406:

suggested 27,500 foot-pounds (37,285 J) per minute. "Watt found by experiment in 1782 that a '

105: 3432: 3411: 1611:{\displaystyle \{P\}_{\mathrm {hp} }={\frac {\{F\}_{\mathrm {lbf} }\{v\}_{\mathrm {mph} }}{375}}.} 1299:, or can be used to estimate the mechanical power needed to generate a known hydraulic flow rate. 5114: 5109: 4561: 4551: 3662: 3164: 3066: 2655:

for the approval of internal combustion engines with regard to the measurement of the net power.

2555: 2302: 1962:

All the above assumes that no power inflation factors have been applied to any of the readings.

2793: 2397:) tests an engine with all the auxiliary components (see "Engine power test standards" below). 4111: 4066: 3711: 3701: 3678: 3527: 3394: 3374: 3329: 3237: 3156: 3122: 3058: 3004: 2977: 2971: 2911: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2652: 2639: 2351: 2242: 2222: 2182: 1693:

units (watts, newtons, and metres per second), no constant is needed, and the formula becomes

1496: 1410:{\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic power}}={\text{pressure}}\times {\text{volumetric flow rate}}} 398:

initially estimated that a horse could produce 22,916 foot-pounds (31,070 J) per minute.

171:

on 1 January 2010, the use of horsepower in the EU is permitted only as a supplementary unit.

3839: 3445: 3860: 3148: 3048: 3031: 2545: 2489: 1884: 876: 477: 423: 208:

ten, fifteen, or twenty horses to be constantly maintained and kept for doing such a work...

5007: 4907: 4505: 2765: 1492: 428: 411: 403: 132: 109: 81: 3589: 2470:

horsepower figure and the same as the British RAC horsepower also used for tax purposes.

1709:

Example: how much power is generated with a thrust of 4000 pounds at 400 miles per hour?

414:

standardized that figure at 33,000 foot-pounds (44,742 J) per minute the next year.

3044: 1987:

The stroke (or length of stroke) was the distance moved by the piston measured in feet.

5083: 5043: 4912: 4535: 4510: 4470: 4403: 4362: 4312: 4033: 3139:

Ebert, T. R. (Dec 2006). "Power output during a professional men's road-cycling tour".

2022: 1799: 1784: 1271: 1260: 1240: 1076: 928: 156: 148: 113: 1376:

When using SI units, the equation becomes coherent and there is no dividing constant.

5139: 4986: 4948: 4882: 4556: 4515: 4480: 4418: 4332: 4136: 4131: 3085: 2737: 1975: 1869: 1471: 986: 196: 3617: 3168: 3070: 2826:"Directive 2009/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009" 5058: 5033: 4943: 4928: 4862: 4698: 4683: 4495: 4413: 4398: 4393: 4378: 4337: 4302: 4276: 4167: 4121: 4106: 3399:, vol. 44, Canberra: Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, p. 409 2551: 2540: 1994:

The French Navy used the same definition of nominal horse power as the Royal Navy.

1803: 1441: 1433: 1366: 1296: 395: 192: 140: 56: 46: 3186: 3009: 2846: 2558:

Z06. Certified power rose slightly from 500 to 505 hp (373 to 377 kW).

5073: 5053: 4933: 4867: 4841: 4800: 4736: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4594: 4530: 4485: 4408: 4383: 4317: 4307: 4256: 4182: 4172: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4086: 4081: 4076: 2755: 2666:

of 16 December 1980 is a European Union standard for road vehicle engine power.

2462:

horsepower measurement standards and was another name for the industry standard

2409: 2405: 1891: 1488: 1421: 439: 407: 144: 60: 3997: 1953:

effective, true (thp) or commonly referred to as wheel horsepower (whp) equals

1005: 5048: 5017: 4991: 4836: 4805: 4795: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4678: 4475: 4444: 4261: 4251: 4225: 4220: 4210: 4205: 4101: 2729: 2390: 1480: 447: 432: 224: 213: 136: 3478: 3301: 4963: 4887: 4846: 4423: 2682: 2425: 1896: 1359: 454: 442:, a healthy human can produce about 1.2 hp (0.89 kW) briefly (see 402:

had previously suggested 44,000 foot-pounds (59,656 J) per minute, and

3160: 1769:{\displaystyle \{P\}_{\mathrm {hp} }={\frac {4000\times 400}{375}}=4266.7.} 889:, is used to define the pound-force as well as the kilogram force, and the 17: 3286:. The Council of the European Communities. 18 October 1971. Archived from 3152: 3062: 2872: 2623:, Technical Commission for Automobile Unification), a federated entity of 2533:/9002 certified facility and be witnessed by an SAE approved third party. 4958: 4790: 4428: 4342: 4297: 4246: 2686: 2530: 1244: 1082: 1014: 606: 421:

In 1993, R. D. Stevenson and R. J. Wassersug published correspondence in

3966:"JSA Web Store - JIS D 1001:1993 Road vehicles - Engine power test code" 1274:

is named for its French fiscal horsepower rating, "deux chevaux" (2CV).

4981: 4688: 4525: 4116: 3945:"ISO 9249:2007 - Earth-moving machinery - Engine test code - Net power" 3903:"ISO 4164:1978 - Road vehicles - Mopeds - Engine test code - Net power" 1477: 152: 167:

for measurement of power. With the implementation of the EU Directive

147:. It was later expanded to include the output power of other types of 4877: 4820: 4327: 4281: 4215: 4096: 3777:"Text of the 1958 Agreement, ECE Regulation 24, Revision 2, Annex 10" 3735: 3707: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3053: 3026: 2775: 2517: 2497: 2378: 1887:, hampering the potential power output and efficiency of the engine. 1680:{\displaystyle \{P\}_{\mathrm {hp} }={\frac {2025\times 5}{375}}=27.} 1022: 466: 64: 2728:

JIS D 1001 is a Japanese net, and gross, engine power test code for

2719:

is an engine net power test code intended for earth moving machines.

3416:

The Balance of International Payments of the United States in 1922-

3264:(in German). Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). p. 6 2678:(ISO) publishes several standards for measuring engine horsepower. 4938: 4815: 4388: 4271: 4230: 3618:

Dictionary.com Unabridged, Random House Inc. Retrieved 2016-12-06.

2733: 2616: 1851:{\displaystyle {\text{RAC h.p.}}={\frac {D\times D\times n}{2.5}}} 1484: 1437: 1018: 1004: 982: 232: 178: 4002: 3664:

Aircraft performance: Reciprocating and turboprop engine aircraft

3446:"The RAC HP (horsepower) Rating - Was there any technical basis?" 1928:

or gross horsepower is the theoretical capability of the engine ;

231:

feet in one minute. Watt judged that the horse could pull with a

4872: 4810: 4731: 4693: 4673: 4653: 4322: 4266: 4177: 4126: 4091: 4071: 4056: 3882:"ISO 2534:1998 - Road vehicles - Engine test code - Gross power" 2463: 1270:

emissions, so are not directly comparable to older ratings. The

410:' could produce 32,400 foot-pounds per minute." James Watt and 164: 121: 4598: 4006: 3732:"Certified Power - SAE J1349 Certified Power SAE International" 3119:

Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers 11th Edition

1511:) is measured in miles per hour (mph), then the drawbar power ( 1495:

coupled behind the locomotive keeps a continuous record of the

4953: 3861:"ISO 1585:1992 - Road vehicles - Engine test code - Net power" 2701:

is an engine gross power test code intended for road vehicles.

2578: 2496:

exhaust manifolds. This contrasts with both SAE net power and

1291:

Hydraulic horsepower can represent the power available within

3412:"Motor-Vehicle Taxation and Regulations in Foreign Countries" 2424:

Equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp) is sometimes used to rate

1798:

was kept in use by UK regulations, which used the rating for

1448:

The term "boiler horsepower" was originally developed at the

3924:"ISO 4106:2004 - Motorcycles - Engine test code - Net power" 2845:. University of Rochester History Department. Archived from 2695:

is an engine net power test code intended for road vehicles.

3799:"Tractor and machine comparison: what's the 'true' measure" 1690: 1445:

comparable to the horsepower of engines fed by the boiler.

3302:"Measurements, Units of Measurement, Weights and Measures" 3141:

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

2713:

is an engine net power test code intended for motorcycles.

3677:

Heywood, J.B. "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals",

2752:– how much fuel an engine consumes per unit energy output 2452: 1085:

as the official power-measuring unit in EEC directives.

937:

1 ft ≡ 0.3048 m and 1 lb ≡ 0.45359237 kg

1420:

where pressure is in pascals (Pa), and flow rate is in

240: 128:

as in “CV” or “PS” which is approximately 735.5 watts.

3183:"Scientists Model "Extraordinary" Performance of Bolt" 2621:

Commissione Tecnica per l'Unificazione nell'Automobile

1088:

Other names for the metric horsepower are the Italian

435:

expended by other vertebrates for sustained activity.

3326:

Handbook of Electric Power Calculations Third Edition

2707:

is an engine net power test code intended for mopeds.

1815: 1717: 1628: 1523: 1385: 1311: 743: 625: 609:

value of (33,000 ft⋅lbf/min)/(2π rad/rev).

496: 245: 3185:. Institute of Physics. 26 July 2013. Archived from 1173: 1029:

The various units used to indicate this definition (

5156:

Customary units of measurement in the United States

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Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia

1073:

75 kg × 9.80665 m/s × 1 m / 1 s

87: 77: 72: 39: 3703:Corso di tecnica automobilistica, vol. 1—Il motore 3236:(Eleventh ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 7–175. 1974:Nominal horsepower (nhp) is an early 19th-century 1850: 1768: 1679: 1610: 1409: 1347: 850: 723: 594: 379: 2442:Society of Automotive Engineers/SAE International 1001:Metric horsepower (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, k, ks, ch) 131:The term was adopted in the late 18th century by 3564: 3562: 2000:Comparison of nominal and indicated horse power 1185: 1113: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 2408:connected to the engine's output shaft. Modern 1507:) is measured in pounds-force (lbf) and speed ( 1219: 1179: 1149: 3260:[List of units of measure in Germany] 2676:International Organization for Standardization 2670:International Organization for Standardization 1358:where pressure is in psi, and flow rate is in 1225: 1137: 4610: 4018: 3090:Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 1213: 1131: 1125: 1119: 1107: 1089: 8: 2965: 2963: 1725: 1718: 1636: 1629: 1582: 1575: 1558: 1551: 1531: 1524: 1231: 1191: 1167: 1161: 1143: 1101: 734:The constant 63,025 is the approximation of 695: 688: 660: 653: 633: 626: 566: 559: 531: 524: 504: 497: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3258:"Die gesetzlichen Einheiten in Deutschland" 3025:Stevenson, R. D.; Wassersug, R. J. (1993). 2910:. Cambridge University Press. p. 145. 2474:is the current successor of ALAM and NACC. 1197: 1155: 1095: 4749: 4617: 4603: 4595: 4195: 4025: 4011: 4003: 2586: 2453:§ RAC horsepower (taxable horsepower) 1996: 1295:, power through the down-hole nozzle of a 1283:purpose is defined as exactly 746 W. 223:Watt determined that a horse could turn a 45: 36: 3517: 3515: 3232:Croft, Terrell; Summers, Wilford (1987). 3052: 3020: 3018: 2970:Kirby, Richard Shelton (August 1, 1990). 2953:Kirby, Richard Shelton (August 1, 1990). 2550:under the new program was the 7.0 L 1925: 1824: 1816: 1814: 1742: 1729: 1728: 1716: 1653: 1640: 1639: 1627: 1586: 1585: 1562: 1561: 1548: 1535: 1534: 1522: 1402: 1394: 1386: 1384: 1331: 1323: 1320: 1312: 1310: 834: 829: 824: 821: 807: 786: 777: 763: 758: 753: 750: 742: 699: 698: 671: 664: 663: 650: 637: 636: 624: 570: 569: 542: 535: 534: 521: 508: 507: 495: 363: 355: 352: 335: 322: 309: 292: 283: 265: 252: 244: 120:as in “HP” or “BHP” which is about 745.7 3615:Oxford Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-12-06. 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 2761:European units of measurement directives 453:In 2023 a group of engineers modified a 3801:. Irish Farmers Journal. Archived from 2786: 1919: 487:, the resulting power in horsepower is 3993:How Much Horsepower Does a Horse Have? 3578:(2 ed.), John Murray, p. 520 3373:, Naval Institute Press, p. 503, 2830:Official Journal of the European Union 2598: 2582: 1077: 959:= 76.0402249068 × 9.80665 kg⋅m/s 235:of 180 pounds-force (800 N). So: 3084:Collins, E. V.; Caine, A. B. (1926). 2511: 2484: 2460:Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 1942: 1931: 7: 4635:Comparison with imperial unit system 3968:. Webstore.jsa.or.jp. Archived from 2810:"International System of Units" (SI) 2594: 2590: 2451:For the SAE horsepower formula, see 2382: 893:(1959), one imperial horsepower is: 185:East Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania 4043:Comparison with US customary system 2976:. Dover Publications. p. 171. 2724:Japanese Industrial Standard D 1001 1789:This measure was instituted by the 1779:RAC horsepower (taxable horsepower) 1476:Drawbar power (dbp) is the power a 975:= 745.69987158227022 W ≈ 745.700 W 183:A team of six horses mowing hay in 27:Unit of power with different values 3634:aviation_dictionary.enacademic.com 3371:Elements of Applied Thermodynamics 2908:James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer 2647:Economic Commission for Europe R85 2634:Economic Commission for Europe R24 2472:Alliance for Automotive Innovation 2394: 1733: 1730: 1644: 1641: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1539: 1536: 1450:Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition 706: 703: 700: 682: 679: 676: 668: 665: 641: 638: 577: 574: 571: 553: 550: 547: 539: 536: 512: 509: 25: 5125:Foot–pound–second system of units 3590:"What is Brake Horsepower (BHP)?" 3117:Eugene A. Avallone et al., (ed), 1243:⋅m/s standard, it was called the 3471:"The XK engine by Roger Bywater" 3369:McCain Johnston, Robert (1992), 2601:", derived from the German word 2566:a change in horsepower ratings. 3234:American Electrician's Handbook 3210:How Much Horsepower is a Horse? 3121:, Mc-Graw Hill, New York 2007, 3100:from the original on 2020-06-07 2750:Brake-specific fuel consumption 2509:In the United States, the term 891:international avoirdupois pound 4579:Foot–pound–second system (FPS) 3575:A Manual of Naval Architecture 2814:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2798:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2571:Deutsches Institut für Normung 1899:. See, for example, the early 927:= 550 × 0.3048 × 0.45359237 m⋅ 1: 4626:United States customary units 3706:(in Italian) (6th ed.). 3630:"equivalent shaft horsepower" 2957:. Dover Publications. p. 171. 2896:. Dorling Kindersley. p. 121. 2871:. pballew.net. Archived from 3708:Ulrico Hoepli Editore S.p.A. 2740:, or fuel injection engine. 2008:Indicated horse power (ihp) 1872:) of the cylinder in inches, 875:(1901, CR 70) definition of 4584:Twenty-foot equivalent unit 3998:How Stuff Works: Horsepower 3700:Lucchesi, Domenico (2004). 3659:Department of the Air Force 2607:(literally, "horsepower"). 2433:Engine power test standards 2334: 2331: 2328: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2034: 2031: 2028: 1878:is the number of cylinders. 1804:Kenya (British East Africa) 1142:, the Norwegian and Danish 1121:лошадиная сила (л. с.) 212:The idea was later used by 32:Horsepower (disambiguation) 5177: 5018:Kilopounds per square inch 3764:Asians Oversell Horsepower 3428: 2756:Dynamometer engine testing 2450: 2320: 2300: 2280: 2260: 2240: 2220: 2200: 2180: 2160: 2140: 2120: 2100: 2080: 2060: 2040: 2020: 2011:Nominal horse power (nhp) 1782: 1469: 1258: 1013:is needed to lift 75 29: 5120:English Engineering Units 4632: 4574:English Engineering units 4040: 3797:Breen, Jim (2003-03-22). 3734:. Sae.org. Archived from 3213:. Donut. 24 November 2023 3027:"Horsepower from a horse" 2906:Dickenson, H. W. (2010). 2892:Hart-Davis, Adam (2012). 2869:"Math Words — horsepower" 2736:having a spark ignition, 2389:) used an engine without 1999: 1221:кінська сила (к. с.) 1220: 1186: 1180: 1120: 906: 904:≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min 605:The constant 5252 is the 139:to compare the output of 44: 5027:Other units and measures 4459:Other units and measures 3010:September 1912, page 394 1515:) in horsepower (hp) is 1483:has available to haul a 1302:It may be calculated as 989:⋅m/s = 1 (kg⋅m/s)⋅(m/s) 3526:, Conway, p. 188, 3522:Brown, David K (1990), 2832:. Retrieved 2013-02-15. 2816:. Retrieved 2012-06-24. 2800:. Retrieved 2012-06-24. 2771:Mean effective pressure 1436:'s capacity to deliver 1432:Boiler horsepower is a 944:= 76.0402249068 kg 440:human-powered equipment 191:The development of the 112:, or the rate at which 63:(30 cm) in 1 5013:Pounds per square inch 4450:Pounds per square inch 3352:"Hydraulic Horsepower" 3086:"Testing Draft Horses" 2973:Engineering in History 2955:Engineering in History 2625:standards organisation 2577:DIN 70020 is a German 2447:Early "SAE horsepower" 1852: 1770: 1681: 1612: 1503:If the drawbar force ( 1411: 1349: 1232: 1226: 1214: 1192: 1174: 1172:), the Serbo-Croatian 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1026: 852: 725: 596: 392:Engineering in History 381: 218:Newcomen steam engines 188: 4649:Thousandth of an inch 4062:Thousandth of an inch 3947:. Iso.org. 2011-03-17 3926:. Iso.org. 2009-06-26 3905:. Iso.org. 2009-10-07 3884:. Iso.org. 2009-03-31 3863:. Iso.org. 1999-11-15 3842:. Iso.org. 2007-09-30 3661:(November 30, 1961). 3410:Haynes, C.E. (1923), 3393:Carver, S.R. (1958), 3153:10.1123/ijspp.1.4.324 2587:mechanical horsepower 1853: 1791:Royal Automobile Club 1771: 1682: 1613: 1412: 1350: 1278:Electrical horsepower 1008: 853: 726: 597: 382: 182: 5089:Ton of refrigeration 5039:British thermal unit 4466:British thermal unit 3570:White, William Henry 3328:, McGraw Hill 2001, 3221:– via YouTube. 2843:"The Miner's Friend" 2383:SAE gross horsepower 2344:Indicated horsepower 2014:Ratio of ihp to nhp 1901:Chrysler Hemi engine 1868:is the diameter (or 1813: 1715: 1626: 1521: 1404:volumetric flow rate 1383: 1371:directional drilling 1333:volumetric flow rate 1309: 1287:Hydraulic horsepower 1247:and was abbreviated 1193:koń mechaniczny (KM) 914:= 550 ft⋅lbf/s 741: 623: 494: 243: 30:For other uses, see 5105:American wire gauge 5079:Pound-foot (torque) 5064:Foot-pound (energy) 3817:"ECE Regulation 85" 3524:Before the ironclad 3045:1993Natur.364..195S 2615:A test standard by 2593:rating, and unlike 2525:SAE certified power 1293:hydraulic machinery 1091:cavallo vapore (cv) 1061:) all translate to 968:= 9.80665 m/s 871:Assuming the third 867:Imperial horsepower 616:is in inch-pounds, 444:orders of magnitude 118:imperial horsepower 106:unit of measurement 73:General information 59:(250 kg) by 1 53:imperial horsepower 5115:Body jewelry sizes 5110:Avoirdupois system 4552:Avoirdupois system 3444:Hodgson, Richard. 2556:Chevrolet Corvette 2395:SAE net horsepower 1970:Nominal horsepower 1848: 1766: 1677: 1608: 1407: 1345: 1175:konjska snaga (KS) 1103:cheval-vapeur (ch) 1097:paardenkracht (pk) 1027: 848: 721: 592: 377: 201:The Miner's Friend 189: 143:with the power of 5133: 5132: 4896: 4895: 4592: 4591: 4351: 4350: 3594:ScienceStruck.com 3475:ClassicJaguar.com 3356:Oilfield Glossary 3324:H. Wayne Beatty, 3005:Popular Mechanics 2583:metric horsepower 2573:70020 (DIN 70020) 2554:used in the 2006 2385:, referred to as 2341: 2340: 1912:definition used. 1846: 1819: 1758: 1669: 1603: 1428:Boiler horsepower 1405: 1397: 1389: 1340: 1334: 1326: 1315: 1233:Pferdestärke (PS) 1230:, and the German 1184:, the Macedonian 1115:cavalo-vapor (cv) 1011:metric horsepower 993: 992: 843: 842: 837: 827: 813: 810: 806: 794: 793: 790: 785: 772: 771: 766: 756: 749: 716: 587: 461:Calculating power 438:When considering 372: 371: 366: 358: 351: 341: 338: 334: 325: 321: 295: 291: 278: 260: 126:metric horsepower 95: 94: 16:(Redirected from 5168: 4750: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4596: 4196: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4004: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3697: 3686: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3667:. pp. 7–36. 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3636:. Archived from 3626: 3620: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3566: 3537: 3536: 3519: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3477:. Archived from 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3450:WolfHound.org.uk 3441: 3435: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3348: 3337: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3263: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3136: 3130: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3056: 3054:10.1038/364195a0 3022: 3013: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2967: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2903: 2897: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2839: 2833: 2823: 2817: 2807: 2801: 2791: 2416:Shaft horsepower 2368:Brake horsepower 2363:Brake horsepower 2352:engine indicator 1997: 1885:rotational speed 1857: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1759: 1754: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1702: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1670: 1665: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1617: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1424:per second (m). 1416: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1235: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1218:, the Ukrainian 1217: 1215:konjska moč (KM) 1211: 1208: 1207:mechanical horse 1205: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1187:коњска сила (KC) 1183: 1182: 1178:, the Bulgarian 1177: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1148:, the Hungarian 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1111: 1109:caballo de vapor 1105: 1099: 1093: 1079: 1074: 898: 897: 888: 877:standard gravity 857: 855: 854: 849: 844: 840: 839: 838: 835: 833: 828: 825: 822: 814: 812: 811: 808: 804: 796: 795: 791: 788: 787: 783: 778: 773: 769: 768: 767: 764: 762: 757: 754: 751: 747: 730: 728: 727: 722: 717: 712: 711: 710: 709: 687: 686: 685: 675: 651: 646: 645: 644: 615: 601: 599: 598: 593: 588: 583: 582: 581: 580: 558: 557: 556: 546: 522: 517: 516: 515: 482: 478:rotational speed 471: 400:John Desaguliers 387: 384: 383: 378: 373: 369: 368: 367: 364: 359: 356: 353: 349: 342: 340: 339: 336: 332: 327: 326: 323: 319: 296: 293: 289: 284: 279: 274: 266: 261: 253: 230: 49: 37: 21: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5098:Related systems 5093: 5022: 5008:Inch of mercury 4996: 4970: 4917: 4908:Feet per second 4892: 4851: 4825: 4779: 4741: 4705: 4637: 4628: 4623: 4593: 4588: 4545:Related systems 4540: 4506:Horsepower-hour 4454: 4433: 4367: 4347: 4286: 4235: 4187: 4141: 4045: 4036: 4031: 3989: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3929: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3887: 3885: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3761: 3750: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3699: 3698: 3689: 3676: 3672: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3643: 3641: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3568: 3567: 3540: 3534: 3521: 3520: 3493: 3484: 3482: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3427: 3423: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3358:. Schlumberger. 3350: 3349: 3340: 3323: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3189:on 9 March 2016 3181: 3180: 3176: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3116: 3112: 3103: 3101: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3024: 3023: 3016: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2969: 2968: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2918: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2891: 2887: 2878: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2849:on May 11, 2009 2841: 2840: 2836: 2824: 2820: 2808: 2804: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2766:Horsepower-hour 2746: 2726: 2672: 2661: 2649: 2636: 2613: 2595:SAE gross power 2575: 2527: 2507: 2492:in lieu of the 2480: 2478:SAE gross power 2456: 2449: 2444: 2435: 2418: 2377:In Europe, the 2365: 2346: 1972: 1909: 1826: 1811: 1810: 1787: 1781: 1744: 1724: 1713: 1712: 1694: 1655: 1635: 1624: 1623: 1581: 1557: 1550: 1530: 1519: 1518: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1493:dynamometer car 1474: 1468: 1430: 1388:hydraulic power 1381: 1380: 1322: 1314:hydraulic power 1307: 1306: 1289: 1280: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1227:cal-putere (CP) 1224:, the Romanian 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1145:hestekraft (hk) 1136:, the Estonian 1133:hevosvoima (hv) 1112:and Portuguese 1072: 1003: 947: 886: 880: 869: 864: 823: 797: 779: 752: 739: 738: 694: 659: 652: 632: 621: 620: 613: 565: 530: 523: 503: 492: 491: 480: 469: 463: 429:Iowa State Fair 412:Matthew Boulton 404:Thomas Tredgold 354: 328: 285: 267: 241: 239: 228: 177: 157:electric motors 68: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5151:Units of power 5148: 5146:Imperial units 5138: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5084:Spinning count 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5044:Degree (angle) 5041: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4913:Miles per hour 4910: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4536:Spinning count 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4363:Miles per hour 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4112:Gunter's chain 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4034:Imperial units 4032: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3987:External links 3985: 3983: 3982: 3957: 3936: 3915: 3894: 3873: 3852: 3831: 3808: 3805:on 2003-04-06. 3789: 3768: 3766:, Detroit News 3762:Jeff Plungis, 3748: 3723: 3716: 3687: 3670: 3650: 3621: 3607: 3581: 3538: 3532: 3491: 3461: 3436: 3421: 3402: 3385: 3379: 3361: 3338: 3317: 3306:numericana.com 3293: 3290:on 2021-03-06. 3275: 3249: 3242: 3224: 3200: 3174: 3147:(4): 324–325. 3131: 3110: 3076: 3014: 2996: 2982: 2959: 2946: 2916: 2898: 2885: 2860: 2834: 2818: 2802: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2745: 2742: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2671: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2648: 2645: 2635: 2632: 2612: 2609: 2574: 2568: 2526: 2523: 2506: 2503: 2479: 2476: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2417: 2414: 2364: 2361: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1971: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1929: 1923: 1908: 1905: 1880: 1879: 1873: 1859: 1858: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1785:Tax horsepower 1780: 1777: 1765: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1676: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1607: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1467: 1464: 1429: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1401: 1393: 1356: 1355: 1344: 1339: 1330: 1319: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1267: 1261:Tax horsepower 1259:Main article: 1256: 1255:Tax horsepower 1253: 1163:konská sila (k 1130:, the Finnish 1127:hästkraft (hk) 1124:, the Swedish 1118:, the Russian 1106:, the Spanish 1002: 999: 995: 994: 991: 990: 979: 976: 973: 970: 969: 963: 960: 957: 954: 953: 951: 949: 945: 942: 939: 938: 935: 932: 925: 922: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 908: 907:by definition 905: 902: 884: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 847: 832: 820: 817: 803: 800: 782: 776: 761: 746: 732: 731: 720: 715: 708: 705: 702: 697: 693: 690: 684: 681: 678: 674: 670: 667: 662: 658: 655: 649: 643: 640: 635: 631: 628: 603: 602: 591: 586: 579: 576: 573: 568: 564: 561: 555: 552: 549: 545: 541: 538: 533: 529: 526: 520: 514: 511: 506: 502: 499: 462: 459: 394:recounts that 389: 388: 376: 362: 348: 345: 331: 318: 315: 312: 308: 305: 302: 299: 288: 282: 277: 273: 270: 264: 259: 256: 251: 248: 210: 209: 176: 173: 149:piston engines 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 70: 69: 50: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5173: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4949:Hundredweight 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4557:English units 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4516:Pound (force) 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4419:Hundredweight 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4313:Fluid Scruple 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4132:Nautical mile 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3972:on 2011-07-22 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3784:www.unece.org 3778: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3738:on 2011-07-28 3737: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3717:88-203-1493-2 3713: 3710:p. 550. 3709: 3705: 3704: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:0-07-100499-8 3680: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3640:on 2018-01-17 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3481:on 2010-02-23 3480: 3476: 3472: 3469:Mooney, Dan. 3465: 3462: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3397: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3334:0-07-136298-3 3331: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3243:0-07-013932-6 3239: 3235: 3228: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3127:0-07-142867-4 3124: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3039:(6434): 195. 3038: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2985: 2983:0-486-26412-2 2979: 2975: 2974: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2919: 2917:9781108012232 2913: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2875:on 2018-09-20 2874: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2738:diesel engine 2735: 2731: 2723: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2651:ECE R85 is a 2646: 2644: 2641: 2638:ECE R24 is a 2633: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591:SAE net power 2589:. Similar to 2588: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2505:SAE net power 2504: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2353: 2343: 2337: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1976:rule of thumb 1969: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1778: 1776: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1721: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1632: 1621: 1618: 1605: 1600: 1578: 1554: 1545: 1527: 1516: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1473: 1472:Power at rail 1466:Drawbar power 1465: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1399: 1391: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1342: 1337: 1328: 1317: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1284: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1216: 1212:), Slovenian 1194: 1190:, the Polish 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1139:hobujõud (hj) 1134: 1128: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1100:, the French 1098: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1000: 998: 988: 984: 980: 977: 974: 972: 971: 967: 964: 961: 958: 956: 955: 952: 950: 943: 941: 940: 936: 933: 930: 926: 924: 923: 920:1 min = 60 s 919: 916: 913: 911: 910: 903: 900: 899: 896: 895: 894: 892: 887:= 9.80665 m/s 883: 878: 874: 866: 861: 845: 830: 818: 815: 801: 798: 780: 774: 759: 744: 737: 736: 735: 718: 713: 691: 672: 656: 647: 629: 619: 618: 617: 610: 608: 589: 584: 562: 543: 527: 518: 500: 490: 489: 488: 486: 479: 475: 468: 460: 458: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 425: 419: 415: 413: 409: 408:brewery horse 405: 401: 397: 393: 386: 374: 360: 346: 343: 329: 316: 313: 310: 306: 303: 300: 297: 286: 280: 275: 271: 268: 262: 257: 254: 249: 246: 238: 237: 236: 234: 229:2.4 × 2π × 12 226: 221: 219: 215: 206: 205: 204: 202: 198: 197:Thomas Savery 194: 186: 181: 174: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 151:, as well as 150: 146: 142: 141:steam engines 138: 134: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 71: 66: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 5068: 5059:Foot-lambert 5034:Bolt (cloth) 4500: 4496:Foot-poundal 4414:Long hundred 4394:Pound (mass) 4318:Fluid Drachm 4277:Trade gallon 3974:. Retrieved 3970:the original 3960: 3949:. Retrieved 3939: 3928:. Retrieved 3918: 3907:. Retrieved 3897: 3886:. Retrieved 3876: 3865:. Retrieved 3855: 3844:. Retrieved 3834: 3823:. Retrieved 3811: 3803:the original 3792: 3783: 3771: 3763: 3740:. Retrieved 3736:the original 3726: 3702: 3673: 3663: 3653: 3642:. Retrieved 3638:the original 3633: 3624: 3610: 3600:26 September 3598:. Retrieved 3593: 3584: 3574: 3523: 3483:. Retrieved 3479:the original 3474: 3464: 3453:. Retrieved 3449: 3439: 3424: 3415: 3405: 3395: 3388: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3325: 3320: 3309:. Retrieved 3305: 3296: 3288:the original 3278: 3266:. Retrieved 3252: 3233: 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3209: 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3187:the original 3177: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3118: 3113: 3102:. Retrieved 3093: 3089: 3079: 3036: 3030: 3003: 2999: 2987:. Retrieved 2972: 2954: 2949: 2942:calculation. 2921: 2907: 2901: 2893: 2888: 2877:. Retrieved 2873:the original 2863: 2851:. Retrieved 2847:the original 2837: 2829: 2821: 2813: 2805: 2797: 2794:"Horsepower" 2789: 2727: 2673: 2662: 2650: 2637: 2620: 2614: 2604:Pferdestärke 2603: 2602: 2585:rather than 2576: 2570: 2564: 2560: 2544: 2535: 2528: 2510: 2508: 2483: 2481: 2457: 2436: 2423: 2419: 2410:dynamometers 2400: 2399: 2386: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2357: 2350: 2347: 2323: 2303: 2283: 2263: 2243: 2223: 2203: 2183: 2163: 2143: 2123: 2103: 2083: 2064:Rhadamanthus 2063: 2043: 2023: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1973: 1964: 1961: 1915:In general: 1914: 1910: 1889: 1881: 1875: 1865: 1860: 1800:tax purposes 1796: 1788: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1688: 1622: 1619: 1517: 1502: 1475: 1460: 1447: 1442:steam engine 1431: 1422:cubic metres 1419: 1375: 1364: 1362:per minute. 1357: 1301: 1297:drilling rig 1290: 1281: 1264: 1248: 1238: 1154:, the Czech 1087: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1010: 996: 965: 881: 870: 733: 612:When torque 611: 604: 464: 452: 437: 422: 420: 416: 396:John Smeaton 391: 390: 222: 211: 200: 193:steam engine 190: 145:draft horses 130: 125: 117: 101: 97: 96: 78:Unit of 52: 5054:Foot-candle 4987:Pound-force 4801:Fluid ounce 4737:Square mile 4727:Square yard 4722:Square foot 4717:Square inch 4486:Foot-candle 4257:Fluid ounce 4183:Square mile 4163:Square yard 4158:Square foot 4153:Square inch 3596:. June 2009 3336:, page 6-14 3268:13 November 3217:30 November 3193:15 December 3129:, page 9-4. 3096:: 193–223. 2730:automobiles 2664:80/1269/EEC 2659:80/1269/EEC 2653:UN standard 2640:UN standard 2543:3.0 L 2406:Prony brake 2284:Bellerophon 1907:Measurement 1489:railway car 1272:Citroën 2CV 1181:конска сила 1160:and Slovak 1157:koňská síla 1063:horse power 862:Definitions 18:Horse Power 5161:James Watt 5140:Categories 5069:Horsepower 5049:Fahrenheit 4837:Board foot 4796:Tablespoon 4775:Cubic mile 4770:Cubic yard 4765:Cubic foot 4760:Cubic inch 4562:Winchester 4521:Pound-foot 4501:Horsepower 4491:Foot-pound 4476:Fahrenheit 4252:Tablespoon 4226:Cubic mile 4221:Cubic yard 4211:Cubic foot 4206:Cubic inch 4067:Barleycorn 3976:2011-07-18 3951:2011-07-18 3930:2011-07-18 3909:2011-07-18 3888:2011-07-18 3867:2011-07-18 3846:2011-07-18 3825:2011-07-18 3742:2011-07-18 3644:2018-01-17 3533:0851775322 3485:2010-03-13 3455:2007-08-11 3380:1557502269 3311:2011-07-18 3104:2021-09-06 2879:2007-08-11 2782:References 2391:alternator 1897:V8 engines 1783:See also: 1481:locomotive 1470:See also: 1360:US gallons 1151:lóerő (LE) 1075:= 75 1021:in 1 1017:by 1 901:1 hp 474:pound-foot 448:Usain Bolt 433:basal rate 225:mill wheel 214:James Watt 169:80/181/EEC 137:James Watt 124:, and the 98:Horsepower 55:lifts 550 40:Horsepower 4888:Acre-foot 4847:Face cord 4567:Exchequer 4424:Ship load 3685:, page 54 2894:Engineers 2683:ISO 14396 2518:DIN 70020 2498:DIN 70020 2426:turboprop 2379:DIN 70020 2264:Agincourt 2104:Porcupine 1926:indicated 1837:× 1831:× 1749:× 1660:× 1491:called a 1400:× 1329:× 1015:kilograms 831:⋅ 816:≈ 802:π 775:× 760:⋅ 673:⋅ 544:⋅ 455:dynometer 361:⋅ 314:× 311:π 304:× 298:× 199:wrote in 135:engineer 5001:Pressure 4791:Teaspoon 4438:Pressure 4343:Hogshead 4298:Chaldron 4247:Teaspoon 3572:(1882), 3169:13301088 3161:19124890 3098:Archived 3071:23314938 2989:June 13, 2924:⁠2 2853:July 21, 2744:See also 2717:ISO 9249 2711:ISO 4106 2705:ISO 4164 2699:ISO 2534 2693:ISO 1585 2687:ISO 8178 2538:Toyota's 2531:ISO 9000 2324:Penelope 2164:Spiteful 2144:Spitfire 2084:Albacore 1892:Jaguar's 1818:RAC h.p. 1396:pressure 1325:pressure 1245:poncelet 1094:, Dutch 1083:kilowatt 981:1 W ≡ 1 153:turbines 133:Scottish 4982:Poundal 4784:Cooking 4753:Derived 4699:statute 4689:Furlong 4526:Poundal 4511:Kenning 4481:Rankine 4404:Quarter 4240:Cooking 4199:Derived 4117:Furlong 3063:8321316 3041:Bibcode 2939:⁠ 2617:Italian 2516:to the 2490:headers 2304:Monarch 2017:Source 1920:nominal 1764:4266.7. 1497:drawbar 1478:railway 1201: 985:/s = 1 607:rounded 476:units, 175:History 104:) is a 4883:Barrel 4878:Bushel 4821:Gallon 4746:Volume 4642:Length 4471:Degree 4384:Drachm 4333:Barrel 4328:Bushel 4282:Gallon 4216:Hoppus 4192:Volume 4137:League 4097:Fathom 4050:Length 3714: 3681: 3530: 3429:Haynes 3377: 3332: 3240: 3167: 3159: 3125: 3069: 3061: 3032:Nature 2980: 2914: 2776:Torque 2734:trucks 2619:CUNA ( 2546:1MZ-FE 2521:sold. 2329:4,703 2312:1,100 2309:7,842 2292:1,000 2289:6,521 2272:1,350 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