Saddle - Knowledge

635: 140: 1381:, usually a simple pad in the shape of an English-style saddle pad, made of cordura nylon or leather, padded with fleece, wool or synthetic foam, equipped with a girth. It is used as an alternative to bareback riding to provide padding for both horse and rider and to help keep the rider's clothing a bit cleaner. Depending on materials, bareback pads offer a bit more grip to the rider's seat and legs. However, though some bareback pads come with handles and even stirrups, without being attached to a saddle tree, these appendages are unsafe and pads with them should be avoided. In some cases, the addition of stirrups without a supporting tree place pressure on the horse's spinous processes, potentially causing damage. 194: 1068: 1189: 711: 623: 1294: 311: 3665: 1401: 896: 760: 43: 166: 1154: 303: 656:(force per unit area) on any one part of the horse's back, thus greatly increasing the comfort of the horse and prolonging its useful life. The invention of the solid saddle tree also allowed development of the true stirrup as it is known today. Without a solid tree, the rider's weight in the stirrups creates abnormal pressure points and makes the 1111:

needed. Its advantage over the fixed tree 1902 pattern was its ability to maintain a better fit on the horse's back as the horse gained or lost weight. This saddle was made using traditional methods and featured a seat blocked from sole leather, which maintained its shape well. Military saddles were fitted with metal staples and dees to carry a

1173:. Modern Asian saddles can be divided into two groups: those from nomadic Eurasia, which have a prominent horn and leather covering, and those from East Asia, which have a high pommel and cantle. Central Asian saddles are noted for their wide seats and high horns. The saddle has a base of wood with a thin leather covering that frequently has a 174: 1240: 634: 1430:. The bars of the saddle must not be so long that they place pressure beyond the last rib of the horse. A too-short tree alone does not usually create a problem, as shorter trees are most often on saddles made for children, though a short tree with an unbalanced adult rider may create abnormal pressure points. 1408:

A saddle, regardless of type, must fit both horse and rider. Saddle fitting is an art and in ideal circumstances is performed by a professional saddle maker or saddle fitter. Custom-made saddles designed for an individual horse and rider will fit the best, but are also the most expensive. However,

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was one of the milestones in saddle development. The first stirrup-like object was invented in India in the 2nd century BC, and consisted of a simple leather strap in which the rider's toe was placed. It offered very little support, however. Mongolic Rouran tribes in Mongolia are thought to have been

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Riding carelessly on a saddle may produce, what is called a saddle-horn injury of the pelvis. It occurs during horse riding, when a horse rider hits the horn of the saddle. The pelvic ring may undergo anteroposterior compression of the pelvic ring, causing a separation of symphyseal joint . Even the

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The tree of a western saddle is the most critical component, defining the size and shape of the finished product. The tree determines both the width and length of the saddle as it sits on the back of the horse, as well as the length of the seat for the rider, width of the swells (pommel), height of

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became increasingly popular in England. The high-cantle, high-pommel design of earlier saddles became a hindrance, unsafe and uncomfortable for riders as they jumped. Due to this fact, Guérinière's saddle design which included a low pommel and cantle and allowed for more freedom of movement for both

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of the horse, but yet must not be so narrow as to pinch the horse's back. The tree must be positioned so that the tree points (English) or bars (Western) do not interfere with the movement of the horse's shoulder. The seat of the saddle must be positioned so that the rider, when riding correctly,

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The essential function of a saddle is to distribute the pressure of the rider's weight away from the horse's backbone and onto its ribs - for pressure against the horse's backbone fatigues him and quickly causes sores which over time may even stimulate excess bone growth that will eventually fuse

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uses a traditional tree, but the panels are not permanently attached to the finished saddle. These saddles use flexible panels (the part that sits along the horse's back) that are moveable and adjustable to provide a custom fit for the horse and allow for changes of placement as the horse's body

1367:, available in both Western and English designs, but not built upon a solid saddle tree, intended to be flexible and comfortable on a variety of horses, but also not always able to provide the weight support of a solid tree. The use of an appropriate saddle pad is essential for treeless saddles. 1110:

was manufactured with a fixed tree, broad panels to spread the load, and initially a front arch in three sizes. The advantage of this saddle was its lightness, ease of repair and comfort for horse and rider. From 1912 the saddle was built on an adjustable tree and consequently only one size was

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Though a western saddle is often considerably heavier than an English saddle, the tree is designed to spread out the weight of the rider and any equipment the rider may be carrying so that there are fewer pounds per square inch on the horse's back and, when properly fitted, few if any pressure

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or pads can provide assistance to correct minor fit problems, as well as provide comfort and protection to the horse's back, but no amount of padding can compensate for a poor-fitting saddle. The common problems associated with saddle fitting problems are: bridging, ill-fitting headplates and

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saddles typically employ iron covers inlaid with precious metals on the pommel and cantle and universally come with padding. Mongolian saddles are similar to the Tibetan style except that they are typically smaller and the seat has a high ridge. Saddles from ethnic minority groups in China's

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and this style is still manufactured today, though modern synthetic materials are also used. The rawhide is stretched and molded around the tree, with minimal padding between the tree and the exterior leather, usually a bit of relatively thin padding on the seat, and a sheepskin cover on the

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Eurasian and Northern Asian nomads on the Mongolian plateau developed an early form of saddle with a rudimentary frame, which included two parallel leather cushions, with girth attached to them, a pommel and cantle with detachable bone/horn/hardened leather facings, leather thongs, a

1134:, and the core design was used continuously, with some improvements, until the 1940s. Today, the McClellan saddle continues to be used by ceremonial mounted units in the U.S. Army. The basic design that inspired McClellan saw use by military units in several other nations, including 619:(e.g. Urd Ulaan Uneet site) suggest that the Mongolic Rouran tribes had sophisticated, wooden frame saddles as early as the 3rd century AD. The wooden frame saddle found at the Urd Ulaan Uneet site in Mongolia is one of the earliest examples found in Central and East Asia. 249:

designs predated the invention of the solid tree, the paired stirrup, which attached to the tree, was the last element of the saddle to reach the basic form that is still used today. Today, modern saddles come in a wide variety of styles, each designed for a specific

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also developed an early saddle that included padding and decorative embellishments. Though they had neither a solid tree nor stirrups, these early treeless saddles and pads provided protection and comfort to the rider, with a slight increase in security. The

953:: a pair of pads attached to the underside of the seat and filled with wool, foam, or air. However, the length and angle of the flaps, the depth of the seat and height of the cantle all play a role in the use for which a particular saddle is intended. 960:

is built of laminated layers of high quality wood reinforced with spring steel along its length, with a riveted gullet plate. These trees are semi-adjustable and are considered "spring trees". They have some give, but a minimum amount of flexibility.

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Saddles from East Asia differ from Central Asian saddles by their high pommel and cantle and lack of a horn. East Asian saddles can be divided into several types that are associated with certain nationalities and ethnic groups. Saddles used by the

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The development of the solid saddle tree was significant; it raised the rider above the horse's back, and distributed the rider's weight on either side of the animal's spine instead of pinpointing pressure at the rider's seat bones, reducing the

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The definition of a fitting saddle is still controversial; however, there is a general rule for fitting that no damage should occur to the horse's skin and no injury should be presented to any muscular or neural tissues beneath the saddle.

1331:, similar to an English saddle in general design, but with a tree that provides greater security to the rider and distributes a rider's weight over a greater area so that the horse is comfortable with a rider on its back for long hours. 964:

More recently, saddle manufacturers are using various materials to replace wood and create a synthetic molded tree (some with the integrated spring steel and gullet plate, some without). Synthetic materials vary widely in quality.

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appeared, which had the addition of a V-shaped arrangement of strap billets on the sideboards for the attachment of the girth. This girthing system could be moved forward or back to obtain an optimum fit on a wide range of horses.

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eventually covers it with leather or with a leather-like synthetic. The tree's size determines its fit on the horse's back, as well as the size of the seat for the rider. The tree supports and distributes the weight of the

1681: 430:: A long strap that goes all the way around the horse's barrel. Depending on purpose, may be used by itself, placed over a pad or blanket only, or placed over a saddle (often in addition to a girth) to help hold it on. 492:. To show off an individual's wealth and status, embellishments were added to saddles, including elaborate sewing and leather work, precious metals such as gold, carvings of wood and horn, and other ornamentation. 746:

in addition to the continual development for use in war. Other saddles, derived from earlier, treeless designs, sometimes added solid trees to support stirrups, but were kept light for use by messengers and for

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activities, they are the "cowboy saddles" familiar to movie viewers, rodeo fans, and those who have gone on tourist trail rides. The Western saddle has minimal padding of its own, and must be used with a

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discipline, and require careful fit to both the rider and the horse. Proper saddle care can extend the useful life of a saddle, often for decades. The saddle was a crucial step in the increased use of

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Width of the saddle is the primary means by which a saddle is measured and fitted to a horse, though length of tree and proper balance must also be considered. The gullet of a saddle must clear the

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tomb of about 302 AD. The stirrup appeared to be in widespread use across China by 477 AD, and later spread to Europe. This invention gave great support for the rider, and was essential in later

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have two pairs of stirrups and two deep padded seats for use when double-banking or riding double with a child behind an adult rider. The western variety has one horn on the front of the saddle.

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Bayarsaikhan J. et al. 2023. "The origins of saddles and riding technology in East Asia: discoveries from the Mongolian Altai. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2023

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Bayarsaikhan J. et al. 2023. "The origins of saddles and riding technology in East Asia: discoveries from the Mongolian Altai. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2023

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which is fitted on elephants. Some of the largest examples of a saddle, elaborate howdah were used in warfare outfitted with weaponry, and alternatively for monarchs, maharajahs, and sultans.

734:(to prevent the rider from being unseated in warfare) and was built on a wooden tree that supported more weight from a rider with armor and weapons. This saddle, a predecessor to the modern 507:, dating to between 727–396 BC. The saddle is made of cushioned cow hide, and shows signs of usage and repair. The tomb is associated with the Subeixi Culture, which is associated with the 1349:. It was designed with an English-type tree, but with a higher pommel and cantle. Also, the area upon which the rider sits was divided into two sections with a gap between the two panels. 1325:

saddle, a saddle designed to be comfortable to the horse with broad panels but lightweight design, as well as comfortable for the rider over long hours of riding over challenging terrain.

440:: a handle that may be attached to the front of European saddles or on the right side of Australian stock saddles. Riders may use it to help maintain their seat or to assist in mounting. 139: 1819: 1804: 1319:(or stunt) riding saddles are similar to western saddles and have a tall metal horn, low front and back, reinforced hand holds and extended double rigging for a wide back girth. 1285:

horses were no longer needed for warfare and Japanese saddles became quite elaborate and were decorated with mother of pearl inlays, gold leaf, and designs in colored lacquer.

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trees of limited durability. Synthetic trees are often lighter, more durable, and easier to customize. Some designs are intended to be more flexible and move with the horse.

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describe the use of stirrups and saddles in the cavalry. Stirrups and Saddles brought about innovation in new tactics, such as mass charges with thrusting spears and swords.

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have stock saddles that usually do not have a horn, but have other features commonly seen in a western saddle, including a deep seat, high cantle, and heavier leather.

3460: 1355:, similar to a cavalry saddle in the simplicity of its construction, but intended solely for the support of heavy bags or other objects being carried by the horse. 446:: knob-like appendage attached to the pommel or swells, most commonly associated with the modern western saddle, but seen on some saddle designs in other cultures. 377:(Western): The leather straps connecting the stirrups to the saddle tree and leather flaps giving support to the rider's leg and protecting the rider from sweat. 1177:

finish. Central Asian saddles have no pad and must be ridden with a saddle blanket. The horn comes in particular good use during the rough horseback sport of

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points. Thus, the design, in spite of its weight, can be used for many hours with relatively little discomfort to a properly conditioned horse and rider.

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and other animals. It is not known precisely when riders first began to use some sort of padding or protection, but a blanket attached by some form of

2336: 673: 3600: 3493: 3392: 1920: 1305:, designed originally as a woman's saddle that allowed a rider in a skirt to stay on and control a horse. Sidesaddle riding is still seen today in 3397: 664:

studies on "treeless" and flexible tree saddle designs have found that there is considerable friction across the center line of a horse's back.

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The major distinguishing feature of an English saddle is its flatter appearance, the lack of a horn, and the self-padding design of the

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Early solid-treed saddles were made of felt that covered a wooden frame. Chinese saddles are depicted among the cavalry horses in the

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While a horse's back can be measured for size and shape, the saddle must be tried on the individual animal to assure proper fit.

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Several companies offer flexible trees or adjustable gullets that allow the same saddle to be used on different sizes of horses.

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described in later Chinese sources. The Subeixi people had contact with Scythians, and share a similar material culture with the

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provided a rugged, stable, comfortable platform for shooting arrows, but it was not well suited for speed or distance. In the

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The "tree" that underlies the saddle is usually one of the defining features of saddle quality. Traditionally, the tree of an

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equestrian disciplines. The term English saddle encompasses several different styles of saddle, including those used for

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the inventors of the modern stirrup, but the first dependable representation of a rider with paired stirrups was found

452:: Seen on some English saddles, extra padding on the front of the flaps to help stabilize the rider's leg. Sometimes 3615: 3610: 3537: 3465: 322:: the base on which the rest of the saddle is built – usually based on wood (or on a similar synthetic material). The 107: 1748:"The earliest directly dated saddle for horse-riding from a mid-1st millennium BCE female burial in Northwest China" 1569: 1277:, were lacquered as protection from the weather. Early samurai warfare was conducted primarily on horseback and the 333:: the part of the saddle where the rider sits. It is usually lower than the pommel and cantle - to provide security. 3440: 3225: 1461: 469: 79: 1521: 3625: 3445: 3337: 910:

throughout the world, not just in England or English-speaking countries. They are the saddles used in all of the

705: 226: 3590: 2322: 193: 2038: 738:, was originally padded with wool or horsehair and covered in leather or textiles. It was later modified for 677: 472:, possibly as early as 4000 BC. The earliest known saddle-like equipment were fringed cloths or pads used by 86: 1797: 1409:

many manufactured saddles provide a decent fit if properly selected, and some minor adjustments can be made.

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horse and rider, became increasingly popular throughout northern Europe. In the early 20th century, Captain

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cantle, and, usually, shape of the horn. Traditional trees were made of wood or wood laminate covered with

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Robin Law (1976). "Horses, Firearms, and Political Power in Pre-Colonial West Africa, Past and Present".

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the Chinese style was adopted. Gradually the Japanese changed the saddle to suit their needs, and in the

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riding master and author of "Ecole de Cavalerie" who made major contributions to what today is known as

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was issued in 1891. This was found to irritate riders and in 1893 it was discontinued in favour of the

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revolutionized the jumping saddle by placing the flap at an angle that allowed a rider to achieve the

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or girth was probably the first "saddle", followed later by more elaborate padded designs. The solid

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Military saddles are still produced and are now used in exhibitions, parades and other events.

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needed saddles that were stronger and offered more support. The resulting saddle had a higher

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Gawronski R. S. "Some Remarks on the Origins and Construction of the Roman Military Saddle."

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There is evidence, though disputed, that humans first began riding the horse not long after

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as early as the 1st century BC. Neither design had stirrups. Recent archeological finds in

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also used a padded treeless early saddle, possibly as early as the seventh century BC and

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saddles were used by the mounted forces from Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and

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Comparison of the undersides of a western saddle (back) and an English saddle (front)

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Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Ephippium

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In the Near East, a saddle large enough to carry more than one person is called a

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Von PEINEN, K.; Wiestner, T.; Von RECHENBERG, B.; Weishaupt, M. A. (2010-11-01).

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or pad in order to provide a comfortable fit for the horse. It also has sturdier

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The saddle eventually branched off into different designs that became the modern

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evidence of a predecessor to the modern saddle has been found in the art of the

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necessary for jumping high fences and traveling rapidly across rugged terrain.

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The earliest saddle known thus far was discovered inside a woman's tomb in the

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was developed from the Spanish saddles that were brought by the Spanish

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approximately 200 BC. One of the earliest solid-treed saddles in the

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underside of the skirts to prevent chafing and rubbing on the horse.

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trees are often very well-made, but some cheap saddles are made with

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and the "stock" saddle. The best known stock saddle is the American

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Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen

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depict a saddle cloth. The Greeks called the saddlecloth or pad,

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are saddles originally designed to be used on horses on working

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is a supportive structure for a rider of an animal, fastened to

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provinces, have colorful lacquer work over a leather covering.

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This article is about saddles for animals. For other uses, see

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individual vertebrae together, rendering the animal useless.

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The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture

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sacroiliac joint, which is far more stable may be injured.

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are noted by their use of inlay work for ornamentation.

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saddle, used by the United States Army in the late 1800s

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and Mexico, and even to a degree by the British in the

Samurai, warfare and the state in early medieval Japan

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in the United States. Used today in a wide variety of

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The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, volume 1

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A saddle commonly seen in the 16th and 17th centuries

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there are two basic types of saddles used today for

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Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan

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Universal Pattern 1902 Commonwealth Military Saddle

1897:West, Christy. "AAEP 2004: Evaluating Saddle Fit." 555:, and steppe nomads depicted on the Assyrian stone 531:adorned with animal motifs. These were located in 476:around 700 BC. These were held on with a girth or 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2081:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 155. 1880:Amigo Publications Inc; 1st edition 1998, p. 100. 1779:"State Hermitage Museum: Southern Siberia/Pazyryk" 1600:Bennett, Deb (1998). "The Chargers of Antiquity". 1247:Japanese saddles are classified as Chinese-style ( 845:, including the addition of a horn that allowed a 829:. These saddles were adapted to suit the needs of 242: 1802:, University of California Press, 1973 p. 208-210 849:to be tied or dallied for the purpose of holding 1878:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship. 347:: the front, slightly raised area of the saddle. 185:province, China. Saddle has a leather base with 2278:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship 1833:The Incredible Story of China's Buried Warriors 1603:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship 488:. From the earliest depictions, saddles became 2292:The Essential Book of Horse Tack and Equipment 2237:[A Saddle-Horn Injury of the Pelvis]. 1923:. UNESCO Courier. October 1988. Archived from 611:was the "four horn" design, first used by the 3226: 2330: 1921:""The stirrup - history of Chinese science."" 1271:class was developed. These saddles, known as 417:: cushioning on the underside of the saddle. 8: 1946:The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. 399:: A wide strap that goes under the horse's 1341:model that entered service just before the 1267:, the saddle typically associated with the 3233: 3219: 3211: 3159: 3121: 3080: 3022: 2930: 2919: 2834: 2694: 2677: 2489: 2468: 2367: 2353: 2337: 2323: 2315: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 2310:"The invention and influences of stirrup" 2250: 2233:Uhrin A, Pazour J, Křivohlávek M (2022). 2201: 1763: 1704: 1702: 1571:An Illustrated History of Arms and Armour 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 3393:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics 2280:. Amigo Publications Inc.; 1st edition. 1948:Cambridge University Press,2004, p. 103 1165:Saddles in Asia date to the time of the 245:was a later invention, and though early 27:Supportive structure for a rider or load 1514: 456:are also added to the back of the flap. 2163: 2152: 718:Saddles were improved upon during the 692:Accounts of the cavalry system of the 270:The word "saddle" originates from the 2235:"Poranění pánve o roh koňského sedla" 2179: 2177: 7: 2113:Greve, L.; Dyson, S. (2015 Aug 15). 1746:Wertmann, Patrick (September 2023). 1679:, University of Oklahoma Press, 1981 1042:Other nations such as Australia and 535:finds. These saddles, found in the 65:adding citations to reliable sources 2839:Tack accessories and training tools 1092:Steel Arch Universal Pattern Mark I 784:François Robinchon de la Guérinière 150:according to tradition captured at 1996:Australian Light Horse Association 1910:Web site accessed February 2, 2008 1438:incorrect stuffing of the panels. 630:military saddle (four-horn design) 515:, where later saddles were found. 25: 3543:Mountain and moorland pony breeds 3199:Category:Horse tack and equipment 2305:Clayton study on treeless saddles 3664: 3663: 3027:Historic or ceremonial equipment 2203:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00191.x 2043:. Psychology Press. p. 97. 1901:February 04 2005, Article # 5393 1830:Hinshaw Patent, Dorothy (1999). 1313:, parades and other exhibitions. 1192:Howdahs on the elephants of the 899:A Hunt Seat style English saddle 41: 2593:Component parts and accessories 2239:Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2095:from the original on 2013-12-10 2057:from the original on 2013-12-10 1752:Archaeological Research in Asia 1126:was introduced in the 1850s by 169:A dressage-style English saddle 52:needs additional citations for 199:Garza County Historical Museum 1: 3661:Lists of horse-related topics 642: 641:saddle with frame, dating to 3328:Glossary of equestrian terms 3192:Glossary of equestrian terms 2901:Draw reins and running reins 2361:, components and accessories 1157:A Central Asian saddle from 314:The tree of a western saddle 1849:2004, vol: 55, pages: 31-40 1552:Online Etymology Dictionary 1504:Motorcycle and moped saddle 1255: 1249: 421:Some saddles also include: 156:Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski 3706: 3451:Ancient and Imperial China 2414:Components and accessories 2024:Retrieved on 26 March 2009 2005:Retrieved on 26 March 2009 1462:Domestication of the horse 1389: 1232: 1079:British Universal Pattern 989: 983: 888: 763:The English hunting saddle 703: 688:Post-classical West Africa 543:were dated to 500-400 BC. 306:Parts of an English saddle 225:. The most common type is 29: 3656: 3338:List of equestrian sports 3186: 3169: 3158: 3131: 3120: 3093: 3079: 3032: 3021: 2929: 2918: 2844: 2833: 2693: 2676: 2488: 2467: 2366: 2352: 2190:Equine Veterinary Journal 2119:Equine Veterinary Journal 2075:Deal, William E. (2007). 1847:Archeologia (Archaeology) 1765:10.1016/j.ara.2023.100451 1729:, 9780520013957 P.129-167 1428:horse's center of balance 1108:Universal Military Saddle 706:Horses in the Middle Ages 588:(ἐφίππιον or ἐφίππειον). 2346:Horse equipment and tack 355:: the rear of the saddle 2390:Australian stock saddle 1798:Maenchen-Helfen, Otto. 1696:, 9780806115849 P.18-22 992:Australian Stock Saddle 879:Australian stock saddle 464:History and development 286:Indo-European languages 276: 272:Proto-Germanic language 32:Saddle (disambiguation) 2722:Bearing rein/overcheck 2252:10.55095/achot2022/072 2162:Check date values in: 1405: 1337:, a specific American 1298: 1244: 1217:southwest, such as in 1197: 1194:Maharaja of Travancore 1162: 1076: 1001: 1000:A Western-style saddle 900: 825:when they came to the 764: 715: 648: 631: 574:ancient Greek artworks 315: 307: 288:, including the Latin 210: 190: 170: 162: 1983:10.1093/past/72.1.112 1590:, 9781848300491 P.355 1542:, 9781439084748 P.220 1403: 1296: 1253:) or Japanese-style ( 1242: 1191: 1156: 1132:United States Cavalry 1119:and other equipment. 1070: 999: 898: 869:, usually called the 853:and other livestock. 801:In the 18th century, 762: 713: 637: 625: 313: 305: 196: 176: 168: 142: 2610:Mechanical hackamore 2276:Bennett, Deb (1998) 1039:when roping cattle. 256:domesticated animals 61:improve this article 3461:Indian subcontinent 2784:Horse-drawn vehicle 1675:Beatie, Russel H. 1645:on October 10, 2017 1426:is placed over the 1359:Double seat saddles 1128:George B. McClellan 778:One variant of the 578:Alexander the Great 3494:American Civil War 3249:Equine science and 2020:2009-09-11 at the 2001:2009-04-19 at the 1906:2012-07-29 at the 1807:2013-12-10 at the 1784:2011-02-13 at the 1717:2013-12-10 at the 1684:2014-01-23 at the 1578:2014-05-02 at the 1557:2013-11-10 at the 1530:2014-01-02 at the 1442:Saddle-horn injury 1406: 1347:United States Army 1299: 1245: 1198: 1163: 1077: 1002: 901: 877:, followed by the 808:Frederico Caprilli 792:classical dressage 765: 716: 649: 632: 387:) can be attached. 316: 308: 211: 197:Western saddle at 191: 179:Yi ethnic minority 177:A saddle from the 171: 163: 160:Czartoryski Museum 3677: 3676: 3208: 3207: 3182: 3181: 3154: 3153: 3116: 3115: 3075: 3074: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3012: 2914: 2913: 2886:Longeing cavesson 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2727:Blinders/blinkers 2672: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2600:Noseband/cavesson 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2131:10.1111/evj.12304 1954:978-0-521-54724-6 1477:Horses in warfare 782:was developed by 559:from the time of 549:ancient Armenians 499:, in what is now 436:or less commonly 284:in various other 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 3697: 3667: 3666: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3212: 3160: 3122: 3081: 3023: 2931: 2920: 2835: 2749:Collar and hames 2695: 2678: 2490: 2469: 2395:McClellan saddle 2368: 2354: 2339: 2332: 2325: 2316: 2265: 2264: 2254: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2205: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2150: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2031: 2025: 2012: 2006: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1975:Past and Present 1970: 1964: 1944:Hobson, John M. 1942: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1917: 1911: 1894: 1888: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1828: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1795: 1789: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1743: 1730: 1706: 1697: 1672: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1641:. Archived from 1635: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1597: 1591: 1567: 1561: 1549: 1543: 1519: 1335:McClellan saddle 1323:Endurance riding 1258: 1252: 1185:goat's carcass. 1124:McClellan saddle 867:horseback riding 647: 644: 561:Ashurnasirpal II 474:Assyrian cavalry 279: 219:an animal's back 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3652: 3567: 3508: 3489:Napoleonic Wars 3470: 3424: 3320: 3312: 3250: 3244: 3239: 3209: 3204: 3178: 3165: 3150: 3127: 3112: 3089: 3071: 3047:Abumi (stirrup) 3028: 3009: 3000:Livestock crush 2973: 2925: 2924:Other equipment 2910: 2840: 2821: 2778: 2689: 2664: 2588: 2519: 2484: 2455: 2409: 2362: 2348: 2343: 2301: 2290:McBane, Susan. 2273: 2271:General sources 2268: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2196:(38): 650–653. 2183: 2182: 2175: 2161: 2151: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2098: 2096: 2089: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2060: 2058: 2051: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2022:Wayback Machine 2013: 2009: 2003:Wayback Machine 1994: 1990: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1943: 1939: 1930: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1908:Wayback Machine 1895: 1891: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1840: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1814: 1809:Wayback Machine 1796: 1792: 1786:Wayback Machine 1777: 1773: 1745: 1744: 1733: 1719:Wayback Machine 1707: 1700: 1686:Wayback Machine 1673: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1580:Wayback Machine 1568: 1564: 1559:Wayback Machine 1550: 1546: 1532:Wayback Machine 1520: 1516: 1512: 1495: 1453: 1444: 1435:Saddle blankets 1415: 1398: 1390:Main articles: 1388: 1372:flexible saddle 1365:Treeless saddle 1291: 1243:Japanese saddle 1237: 1231: 1151: 1130:for use by the 1122:In the US, the 1098:. In 1898, the 1065: 1005:Western saddles 994: 988: 982: 904:English saddles 893: 887: 859: 757: 708: 702: 690: 645: 593:Terracotta Army 557:relief carvings 533:Pazyryk burials 513:Pazyryk culture 466: 460: 300: 268: 209:, United States 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3703: 3701: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3390: 3385: 3383:Horse training 3380: 3375: 3373:Western riding 3370: 3368:English riding 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3333:Horse industry 3330: 3324: 3322: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3164:Transportation 3163: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3088:(horseshoeing) 3084: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2969:Leg protection 2966: 2961: 2956: 2954:Grooming tools 2951: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2788: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2759:Harness saddle 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2714: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2691: 2690: 2681: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2574:Bit mouthpiece 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2549:Kimblewick bit 2546: 2541: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2515:Bitless bridle 2512: 2507: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2486: 2485: 2472: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2441:Saddle blanket 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2385:English saddle 2382: 2380:Western saddle 2376: 2374: 2364: 2363: 2357: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2334: 2327: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2299:External links 2297: 2296: 2295: 2288: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2245:(6): 453–457. 2225: 2173: 2125:(4): 415–421. 2105: 2088:978-0195331264 2087: 2067: 2049: 2026: 2007: 1988: 1977:(1): 112–132. 1965: 1937: 1912: 1889: 1876:Bennett, Deb. 1869: 1860: 1851: 1838: 1823: 1812: 1790: 1771: 1731: 1698: 1656: 1630: 1612: 1592: 1562: 1544: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1499:Bicycle saddle 1494: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1414: 1411: 1396:Western saddle 1392:English saddle 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1332: 1326: 1320: 1314: 1290: 1287: 1233:Main article: 1230: 1227: 1150: 1147: 1106:From 1902 the 1064: 1061: 1031:rather than a 1021:saddle blanket 1016:western riding 990:Main article: 986:Western saddle 984:Main article: 981: 978: 958:English saddle 908:English riding 891:English saddle 889:Main article: 886: 883: 875:western saddle 871:English saddle 858: 855: 819:Western saddle 780:English saddle 756: 753: 736:Western saddle 704:Main article: 701: 698: 689: 686: 626:Reconstructed 490:status symbols 480:that included 465: 462: 458: 457: 447: 441: 431: 419: 418: 404: 388: 378: 373:(English), or 364: 356: 348: 334: 328: 299: 296: 267: 264: 152:Vienna in 1683 135: 134: 117:September 2013 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3670: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3538:Gaited horses 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3466:North America 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3441:Domestication 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318:Equestrianism 3315: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3175: 3174:Horse trailer 3172: 3171: 3168: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3042:Kura (saddle) 3040: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2959:Horse blanket 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2707:Breast collar 2705: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2699:Horse harness 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2683:Horse harness 2679: 2675: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2640:Bit converter 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2554:Liverpool bit 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527:and bit parts 2526: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2505:Double bridle 2503: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 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1713: 1711: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1615: 1613:9780965853309 1609: 1605: 1604: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1467:Equestrianism 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1412: 1410: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1329:Police saddle 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1251: 1241: 1236: 1235:Kura (saddle) 1228: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 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Retrieved 2077: 2070: 2059:. Retrieved 2039: 2035:Friday, Karl 2029: 2010: 1991: 1974: 1968: 1945: 1940: 1929:. Retrieved 1925:the original 1915: 1898: 1892: 1877: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1846: 1841: 1832: 1826: 1815: 1799: 1793: 1774: 1755: 1751: 1709: 1676: 1647:. Retrieved 1643:the original 1633: 1624: 1617:. 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