91:
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486:. c. 41) these terms were amended so that any hosteller or inn keeper in a town where there had been no baker for seven years, was permitted to make horse bread for sale as long as the price was reasonable, "according as the price of the graynes of corn that now is." This was confirmed in 1623 by a further act under King James I, "An Acte Concerning Hostlers or Inholders" (
515:
475:. c. 8) specified that hostelers and inn keepers were not permitted to make horse bread for sale, but that it could only be made by certified bakers, and that the weight and price of loaves should be, "Reasonable after the price of Corn in the Market." No punishment was specified for offenders. In 1402, under King Henry IV (
502:
foods. This is partly because modern flour has a higher gluten content than flour produced in medieval Europe, so bread made from less-refined flour is more palatable than it would have been during the Middle Ages.
493:
White breads were generally eaten by the middle class and wealthy, because of the labour involved in refining flour. This is in contrast with modern whole-grain breads, which are typically seen as premium-priced
108:
The rates of labourers wages shall be assessed and proclaimed by the justices of peace, and they shall assess the gains of victuallers. Who shall make horsebread, and the weight and price thereof.
456:, the less-expensive horsebread could sustain the population, and was consumed by the very poor "even in times of plenty". It was associated with poverty, since those who could afford
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113:
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471:
The making and selling of horse bread was controlled by law. In 1389 an act of
Parliament, the Statute of Victuallers and Hostellers (
832:
680:
Davis, James (22 November 2005). "Baking for the common good: a reassessment of the assize of bread in
Medieval England".
1433:
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682:
460:, which was the most labour-intensive, and therefore expensive bread, considered horse bread and other breads like
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437:, being more compact and easier to digest than bulkier feed like hay. Horsebread was given to
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490:. c. 21) where justices of the peace were given authority to set the fine as they saw fit.
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406:. At the time, it was considered to be of low quality, made from a seasonal mix of
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to help them recover, and special horsebread recipes were developed for
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499:
514:
479:. c. 25) the fine was set at three times the value of the bread sold.
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1091:
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433:
As the name suggests, it was primarily used as a feed supplement for
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41:
531:– another European bread that was originally considered undesirable
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654:"For Centuries, English Bakers' Biggest Customers Were Horses"
423:
537:– as a staple food of the poor in early modern northern Italy
805:
For
Centuries, English Bakers’ Biggest Customers Were Horses
571:
Ceremony and
Civility: Civic Culture in Late Medieval London
615:
Rubel, William (2006). "English Horse-bread, 1590–1800".
810:
1388:
759:
Statutes of the Realm Vol 4 part 2 (1586-1625) p. 476.
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418:along with other non-wheat cereal grains such as
430:. It was one of the cheapest breads available.
737:Statutes of the Realm Vol 2 (1377-1509) p. 160.
726:Statutes of the Realm Vol 2 (1377-1509) p. 83.
1408:
826:
399:was a type of bread produced and consumed in
8:
748:Statutes of the Realm Vol 3 (1509-47) p. 856
610:
608:
606:
19:
311:An Act concerning Hostlers and Inn-holders.
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1401:
833:
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276:
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78:Statute of Victuallers and Hostellers 1389
73:
18:
201:An Act concerning baking of Horse-bread.
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468:unfit for their position in society.
389:Text of statute as originally enacted
267:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
1369:
1367:
375:Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856
150:Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856
14:
1371:
1351:
1350:
931:
696:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00285.x
652:Lin-Sommer, Sam (22 July 2022).
513:
292:
182:
89:
482:In 1540 under King Henry VIII (
35:
1:
1387:. You can help Knowledge by
683:The Economic History Review
445:as part of their training.
1465:
1366:
274:United Kingdom legislation
164:United Kingdom legislation
71:United Kingdom legislation
1348:
1102:Chorleywood bread process
929:
778:Sutton Publishing Limited
291:
286:
181:
176:
88:
83:
330:Territorial extent
631:10.1525/gfc.2006.6.3.40
576:Oxford University Press
1383:-related article is a
299:Parliament of England
189:Parliament of England
96:Parliament of England
776:. Glouchestershire:
774:The Tudor Housewife
281:Horsebread Act 1623
253:Horsebread Act 1623
171:Horsebread Act 1540
23:
1434:Whole wheat breads
958:Calcium propanoate
119:13 Ric. 2. Stat. 1
1396:
1395:
1364:
1363:
1280:Brand name breads
1117:Maillard reaction
963:Dough conditioner
787:978-0-7735-2233-6
585:978-0-19-049039-3
566:Hanawalt, Barbara
546:Whole wheat bread
394:
393:
364:Other legislation
335:England and Wales
287:Act of Parliament
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271:
242:Other legislation
177:Act of Parliament
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139:Other legislation
84:Act of Parliament
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68:
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1439:Medieval cuisine
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1410:
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1325:Sourdough breads
1315:Pakistani breads
1259:History of bread
1244:Baker percentage
1142:Sponge and dough
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807:. Atlas Obscura.
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568:(26 June 2017).
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448:During times of
382:Status: Repealed
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260:Status: Repealed
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157:Status: Repealed
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48:Main ingredients
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1254:Bread in Europe
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1069:Weighing scales
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983:Leavening agent
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893:Sandwich bread
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799:External links
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780:. p. 11.
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690:(3): 465–502.
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578:. p. 95.
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541:Sprouted bread
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1024:Bread machine
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948:Baker's yeast
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659:Atlas Obscura
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466:barley breads
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39:
32:
29:
25:
16:Type of bread
1389:expanding it
1378:
1355:
1340:Toast dishes
1335:Swiss breads
1330:Sweet breads
1320:Quick breads
1285:Bread dishes
1198:French toast
1183:Bread pakora
1173:Bread crumbs
773:
764:
753:
742:
731:
720:
687:
681:
675:
663:. Retrieved
657:
647:
625:(3): 40–51.
622:
618:Gastronomica
616:
597:Google Books
595:– via
589:. Retrieved
570:
560:
496:health foods
492:
481:
470:
447:
432:
396:
395:
359:21 July 1856
347:Royal assent
229:24 July 1540
225:Royal assent
134:21 July 1856
1449:Bread stubs
1290:Bread rolls
1239:Breadmaking
1137:Pre-slicing
1132:Pre-ferment
1054:Stand mixer
1039:Farinograph
941:Ingredients
923:Whole wheat
918:White bread
888:Salt-rising
858:Brown bread
770:Sim, Alison
529:Brown bread
521:Food portal
458:white bread
443:race horses
439:work horses
370:Repealed by
351:29 May 1624
248:Repealed by
237:29 May 1624
145:Repealed by
1428:Categories
1213:Sandwiches
1178:Bread bowl
1080:techniques
913:Unleavened
898:Soda bread
873:Multigrain
552:References
412:split peas
397:Horsebread
307:Long title
197:Long title
104:Long title
21:Horsebread
1112:Leavening
1087:Autolysis
1029:Bread pan
1012:Equipment
903:Sourdough
883:Rye bread
868:Flatbread
712:154643188
704:0013-0117
639:1529-3262
488:21 Jas. 1
484:32 Hen. 8
473:13 Ric. 2
322:21 Jas. 1
212:32 Hen. 8
40:Medieval
1357:Category
1208:Stuffing
1193:Croutons
1147:Steaming
1127:Proofing
1107:Kneading
908:Sprouted
772:(1996).
665:3 August
591:3 August
507:See also
477:4 Hen. 4
401:medieval
356:Repealed
317:Citation
234:Repealed
207:Citation
131:Repealed
114:Citation
1064:Toaster
535:Polenta
500:gourmet
408:legumes
324:. c. 21
214:. c. 41
52:Legumes
1444:Acorns
1234:Bakery
1092:Baking
1059:Warmer
784:
710:
702:
637:
582:
454:famine
435:horses
428:acorns
426:, and
414:, and
404:Europe
121:. c. 8
56:grains
42:Europe
1381:bread
1379:This
1227:Other
1218:Toast
1203:Rusks
1003:Water
998:Sugar
978:Flour
878:Quick
850:Types
842:Bread
708:S2CID
450:siege
341:Dates
219:Dates
126:Dates
64:roots
31:Bread
1385:stub
1300:Buns
1166:Uses
1097:Biga
1049:Peel
1044:Lame
1019:Oven
993:Salt
988:Milk
968:Eggs
953:Barm
782:ISBN
700:ISSN
667:2022
635:ISSN
593:2022
580:ISBN
420:oats
416:bran
60:nuts
27:Type
973:Fat
863:Bun
692:doi
627:doi
498:or
464:or
462:rye
452:or
424:rye
1430::
706:.
698:.
688:57
686:.
656:.
633:.
621:.
605:^
574:.
422:,
62:,
58:,
54:,
1416:e
1409:t
1402:v
1391:.
834:e
827:t
820:v
790:.
714:.
694::
669:.
641:.
629::
623:6
599:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.