Equestrianism - Knowledge (XXG)

1930:, a 10-year study of trauma center patients injured while riding reported that although 48% had suffered head injuries, only 9% of these riders had been wearing helmets at the time of their accident. Other injuries involved the chest (54%), abdomen (22%) and extremities (17%). A German study reported that injuries in horse riding are rare compared to other sports, but when they occur they are severe. Specifically, they found that 40% of horse riding injuries were fractures, and only 15% were sprains. Furthermore, the study noted that in Germany, one quarter of all sport related fatalities are caused by horse riding. Most horse related injuries are a result of falling from a horse, which is the cause of 60–80% of all such reported injuries. Another common cause of injury is being kicked by a horse, which may cause skull fractures or severe trauma to the 96: 355: 1982:(NEISS) data performed by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association studied 78,279 horse-related injuries in 2007: "The most common injuries included fractures (28.5%); contusions/abrasions (28.3%); strain/sprain (14.5%); internal injury (8.1%); lacerations (5.7%); concussions (4.6%); dislocations (1.9%); and hematomas (1.2%). Most frequent injury sites are the lower trunk (19.6%); head (15.0%); upper trunk (13.4%); shoulder (8.2%); and wrist (6.8%). Within this study patients were treated and released (86.2%), were hospitalized (8.7%), were transferred (3.6%), left without being treated (0.8%), remained for observation (0.6%) and arrived at the hospital deceased (0.1%)." 53: 65: 1787:, each competitor is graded on everything including physical condition, campsite and horse management. Horsemanship also is considered, including how the rider handles the trail and how horse is handled and presented to the judge and vet throughout the ride. The horse is graded on performance, manners, etc. "Pulse and respiration" stops check the horse's recovery ability. The judges also set up obstacles along the trail and the horse and rider are graded on how well they perform as a team. The whole point is the partnership between the horse and rider. 5481: 542:, takes place over a given, measured distance and the horses have an even start. Top level races are usually 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km), over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Limited distance rides of about 25–20 miles (40–32 km) are offered to newcomers. Variants include 1433:, also called "heading and heeling", is the only rodeo event where men and women riders may compete together. Two people capture and restrain a full-grown steer. One horse and rider, the "header", lassos a running steer's horns, while the other horse and rider, the "heeler", lassos the steer's two hind legs. Once the animal is captured, the riders face each other and lightly pull the steer between them, so that it loses its balance, thus in the real world allowing restraint for treatment. 2021: 913: 5708: 1991:

working with horses. 15,000 of those admittances are from traumatic brain injuries. Of those, about 60 die each year from their brain injuries. Studies have found horseback riding to be more dangerous than several sports, including skiing, auto racing and football. Horseback riding has a higher hospital admittance rate per hours of riding than motorcycle racing, at 0.49 per thousand hours of riding and 0.14 accidents per thousand hours, respectively.

1439:– an easier form of calf roping where a very short lariat is used, tied lightly to the saddle horn with string and a flag. When the calf is roped, the horse stops, allowing the calf to run on, flagging the end of time when the string and flag breaks from the saddle. In the United States, this event is primarily for women of all ages and boys under 12, while in some nations where traditional calf roping is frowned upon, riders of both genders compete. 954:. It should also be able to canter or gallop with control while having a stride long enough to make a proper number of strides over a given distance between fences. Hunter classes differ from jumper classes, in which they are not timed, and equitation classes, in which the rider's performance is the focus. Hunter style is based on fox hunting, so jumps in the hunter division are usually more natural colors than the jumps in a jumper division. 1449: 1037: 183: 4583: 1799:, a competition usually of 50 to 100 miles (160 km) or more, over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Additional awards are usually given to the best-conditioned horses who finish in the top 10. 1971:, a study of equestrians seen at one hospital over a 6-year period found that 81% were wearing a helmet at the time of injury, and that helmet use both increased over time and was correlated with a lower rate of admission. In the second half of the study period, of the equestrians seen at a hospital, only 14% were admitted. In contrast, a study of child equestrians seen at a hospital emergency department in 2209: 1423:, the horse stops and sets back on the rope while the cowboy dismounts, runs to the calf, throws it to the ground and ties three feet together. (If the horse throws the calf, the cowboy must lose time waiting for the calf to get back to its feet so that the cowboy can do the work. The job of the horse is to hold the calf steady on the rope) This activity is still practiced on modern working ranches for 1381:– Also known as "Bulldogging", this is a rodeo event where the rider jumps off his horse onto a steer and 'wrestles' it to the ground by grabbing it by the horns. This is probably the single most physically dangerous event in rodeo for the cowboy, who runs a high risk of jumping off a running horse head first and missing the steer or of having the thrown steer land on top of him, sometimes horns first. 1507: 1765:, which comprises three phases – trail riding, with jumping and correct basic flatwork. Le Trec, which is very popular in Europe, tests the partnership's ability to cope with an all-day ride across varied terrain, route finding, negotiating natural obstacles and hazards, while considering the welfare of the horse, respecting the countryside and enjoying all it has to offer. 2136:, where in certain events, stakes can become very high. Despite its illegality in most competitions, these conditions of extreme competitiveness can lead to the use of performing-enhancing drugs and extreme training techniques, which can result in negative side effects for the horses' well-being. The races themselves have also proved dangerous to the horses – especially 1909:

equestrians had an incidence of any injury that was threefold over intermediates, fivefold over advanced equestrians, and nearly eightfold over professionals. Approximately 100 hours of experience are required to achieve a substantial decline in the risk of injury. The survey authors conclude that efforts to prevent equestrian injury should focus on novice equestrians.

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eventing competitions. Also in 2011, the United States Dressage Federation made helmet use in competition mandatory for all riders under 18 and all riders who are riding any test at Fourth Level and below. If a rider competing at Prix St. Georges and above is also riding a test at Fourth Level or below, he or she must also wear a helmet at all times while mounted.

1387:– usually an event for women or pre-teen girls and boys, a goat is staked out while a mounted rider runs to the goat, dismounts, grabs the goat, throws it to the ground and ties it in the same manner as a calf. This event was designed to teach smaller or younger riders the basics of calf roping without the more complex need to also lasso the animal. 1045: 1990:

Horseback riding is one of the most dangerous sports, especially in relation to head injury. Statistics from the United States, for example, indicate that about 30 million people ride horses annually. On average, about 67,000 people are admitted to the hospital each year from injuries sustained while

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competition. Both men and women compete in speed events at gymkhanas or O-Mok-Sees; however, at most professional, sanctioned rodeos, barrel racing is an exclusively women's sport. In a barrel race, horse and rider gallop around a cloverleaf pattern of barrels, making agile turns without knocking the

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Many organizations mandate helmet use in competition or on show grounds, and rules have continually moved in the direction of requiring helmet use. In 2011, the United States Equestrian Federation passed a rule making helmet use mandatory while mounted on competition grounds at U.S. nationally rated

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is a sport where a horse and rider team travel a trail at speeds based the ideal conditions for the horse, with competitors seeking to ride closest to that perfect time. Hunter paces are usually held in a series. Hunter paces are usually a few miles long and covered mostly at a canter or gallop. The

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Once a helmet has sustained an impact from falling, that part of the helmet is structurally weakened, even if no visible damage is present. Helmet manufacturers recommend that a helmet that has undergone impact from a fall be replaced immediately. In addition, helmets should be replaced every three

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The use of riding helmets substantially decreases the likelihood and severity of head injuries. When a rider falls with a helmet, he or she is five times less likely to experience a traumatic brain injury than a rider who falls without a helmet. Helmets work by crushing on impact and extending the

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Animal rights groups are also primarily concerned that certain sports or training exercises may cause unnecessary pain or injuries to horse athletes. Some specific training or showing practices are so widely condemned that they have been made illegal at the national level and violations can incur

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abroad, a significant proportion of which are horses bred for racing. A boom in the number of foals bred has meant that there is not adequate resources to care for unwanted horses. Demand has increased for this massive breeding programme to be scaled back. Despite over 1000 foals being produced

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Head injuries are especially traumatic in horseback riding. About two-thirds of all riders requiring hospitalization after a fall have sustained a traumatic brain injury. Falling from a horse without wearing a helmet is comparable to being struck by a car. Most falling deaths are caused by head

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who were seen in a trauma center during a period of 5 years, 24 fell from horses and 11 were kicked by the horse. Injuries comprised: 18 torso; 11 head, face or neck; and 11 limb. The authors of this study recommend that helmets, face shields and body protectors be worn when riding or handling

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The most common injury is falling from the horse, followed by being kicked, trampled and bitten. About 3 out of 4 injuries are due to falling, broadly defined. A broad definition of falling often includes being crushed and being thrown from the horse, but when reported separately each of these

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division would include classes over fences as well as "Hunter under Saddle" or "flat" classes (sometimes called "hack" classes), in which the horse is judged on its performance, manners and movement without having to jump. Hunters have a long, flat-kneed trot, sometimes called "daisy cutter"

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revealed that approximately 375 racehorses die yearly, with 30% of these either during or as a result of injuries from a race. The report also highlighted the increasing frequency of race-related illnesses, including bleeding lungs (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage) and gastric ulcers.

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visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year). A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington and Idaho estimated that at some time in their equestrian career one in five will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery or long-term disability. Among survey respondents, novice

2161:, soring is still widespread and difficult to eliminate. Some events themselves are also considered so abusive that they are banned in many countries. Among these are horse-tripping, a sport where riders chase and rope a loose-running horse by its front legs, throwing it to the ground. 1853:

able to move quickly and unexpectedly. When mounted, the rider's head may be up to 4 m (13 ft) from the ground, and the horse may travel at a speed of up to 65 km/h (40 mph). The injuries observed range from very minor injuries to fatalities.

1285:, an internationally recognized competition where horses perform an arena-based "dressage" class where precision and control are emphasized, a cross-country "marathon" section that emphasizes fitness and endurance, and a "stadium" or "cones" obstacle course. 606:

comprises a timed event judged on the ability of the horse and rider to jump over a series of obstacles, in a given order and with the fewest refusals or knockdowns of portions of the obstacles. Show jumping is also one of the five events in the

2193:. On the composition of the obverse of this coin, the modern horseman is pictured as he jumps over an obstacle, while in the background the ancient horseman is inspired by a representation on a black-figure vase of the 5th century BC. 2730:

Schneiders W, Rollow A, Rammelt S, Grass R, Holch M, Serra A, Richter S, Gruner EM, Schlag B, Roesner D, Zwipp H (April 2007). "Risk-inducing activities leading to injuries in a child and adolescent population of Germany".

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is a competition seen primarily in the United Kingdom, Australia and other nations influenced by British traditions, featuring horses of elegant appearance, with excellent way of going and self-carriage. A related event is

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Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Neuwirt H, Colleselli D, Pelzer A, Bartsch G, Strasser H, Gradl J, Pallwein L, Frauscher F (January 2008). "Do mountain bikers have a higher risk of scrotal disorders than on-road cyclists?".

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are held throughout the world with a tremendous variety of possible events, equipment, attire, and judging standards used. However, most forms of horse show competition can be broken into the following broad categories:

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Battaglia, C; Nappi, RE; Mancini, F; Cianciosi, A; Persico, N; Busacchi, P (February 2009). "Ultrasonographic and Doppler findings of subclinical clitoral microtraumatisms in mountain bikers and horseback riders".

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The idea that riding a horse astride could injure a woman's sex organs is a historic, but sometimes popular even today, misunderstanding or misconception, particularly that riding astride can damage the

3426: 653:, trying to finish the course under the "optimum time". There was also the 'Steeple Chase' Phase, which is now excluded from most major competitions to bring them in line with the Olympic standard. 1818:

horsemanship and management skills of the rider are also considered in the scoring, and periodic stops are required for veterinarians to check the vital signs and overall soundness of the horses.

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barrels over. In pole bending, horse and rider run the length of a line of six upright poles, turn sharply and weave through the poles, turn again and weave back, then return to the start.

1893:, an analysis of a national registry estimated the incidence of equestrian injury to be 21 per 100,000 person-years for farming and equestrian sports combined, and 160 times higher for 5333: 1762: 2157:

to make it pick up its feet higher. However, in spite of a federal law in the United States prohibiting this practice and routine inspections of horse shows by inspectors from the

2140:, which requires the horse to jump hurdles whilst galloping at full speed. This can result in injury or death to the horse, as well as the jockey. A study by animal welfare group 2072:

was significantly more common in equestrians than in non-equestrians. The difference between these two groups was small, however, compared to differences reported between extreme

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Para-Equestrian Dressage is conducted under the same rules as conventional Dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities.

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Loder RT (August 2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention".

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By the 1930s and 1940s most horse riding had become occasional and leisurely or competitive rather than being the common method of transportation it had been for centuries before

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may much flashier equipment. Saddles, bits and bridles are ornamented with substantial amounts of silver, rider clothing may have vivid colors and even rhinestones or sequins.

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Yim VW, Yeung JH, Mak PS, Graham CA, Lai PB, Rainer TH (January 2007). "Five year analysis of Jockey Club horse-related injuries presenting to a trauma centre in Hong Kong".

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that provides support to horse and rider when working long hours in the saddle. The western saddle features a prominent pommel topped by a horn (a knob used for dallying a

611:. However, due to recent controversy surrounding the safety of the horse and rider, show jumping is set to be removed from the modern pentathlon starting the 2028 Olympics. 600:

and obedience. Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose.

968:, described under "Olympic disciplines", above are all "English" riding disciplines that in North America sometimes are loosely classified within the "hunt seat" category. 573:

in 1900. By 1912, all three Olympic disciplines still seen today were part of the games. The following forms of competition are recognized worldwide and are a part of the

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Loder R (2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention".

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Bull Riding – though technically not an equestrian event, as the cowboys ride full-grown bulls instead of horses, skills similar to bareback bronc riding are required.

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competition are judged on the form of the horse, its manners and the smoothness of the course. A horse with good jumping form snaps its knees up and jumps with a good

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Ball CG, Ball JE, Kirkpatrick AW, Mulloy RH (May 2007). "Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries".

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In spite of popular myth, most modern "broncs" are not in fact wild horses, but are more commonly spoiled riding horses or horses bred specifically as bucking stock.

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and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. There is some evidence that about 3,000 BC, near the

2177:, 66% of those bred for such a purpose were never entered into a race, and despite a life expectancy of 30 years, many are killed before their fifth birthday. 5387: 3434: 1307:: Also called "Formal driving", Horses are hitched to a light four-wheeled cart and shown in a manner that emphasizes flashy action and dramatic performance. 930:" in contrast with western riding; elsewhere in the world, if a distinction is necessary, they are usually described as "classic riding": There is no horn. 4619: 2119: 2318: 2092:) were well known to surgeons in the 19th century and early 20th century. Injuries from collision with the pommel of a saddle are mentioned specifically. 1472:

riding, where the rider rides a modified western saddle without a horn (for safety) while holding onto a braided lead rope attached to the horse's halter.

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length of time it takes the head to stop moving. Despite this, helmet usage rates in North America are estimated to be between eight and twenty percent.

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Lim J, Puttaswamy V, Gizzi M, Christie L, Croker W, Crowe P (August 2003). "Pattern of equestrian injuries presenting to a Sydney teaching hospital".

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Petridou E, Kedikoglou S, Belechri M, Ntouvelis E, Dessypris N, Trichopoulos D (March 2004). "The mosaic of equestrian-related injuries in Greece".

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Mayberry JC, Pearson TE, Wiger KJ, Diggs BS, Mullins RJ (March 2007). "Equestrian injury prevention efforts need more attention to novice riders".

4785: 4315: 2622: 2158: 4150: 1793:, a jumping course that contains logs and natural obstacles mostly. The common clothes worn are usually brighter colors and less conservative. 1396:

Roping includes a number of timed events that are based on the real-life tasks of a working cowboy, who often had to capture calves and adult

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Finished western horses are asked to perform with a loose rein controlled by one hand. The headstall of a western bridle may utilize either a

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purposes both in specialized para-equestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development.

5617: 2383: 253:(see additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at 1934:. Some possible injuries resulting from horse riding, with the percent indicating the amounts in relation to all injuries as reported by a 354: 5572: 4368: 4320: 701: 5690: 4052: 2257: 2111: 780: 72: 3809:

Frauscher F, Klauser A, Stenzl A, Helweg G, Amort B, zur Nedden D (May 2001). "US findings in the scrotum of extreme mountain bikers".

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Craven JA (August 2008). "Paediatric and adolescent horse-related injuries: does the mechanism of injury justify a trauma response?".

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movement, a phrase suggesting a good hunter could slice daisies in a field when it reaches its stride out. The over fences classes in

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competitions, where single or teams of horses and their drivers vie to determine who can pull the most weight for a short distance.

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In addition to the classical Olympic events, the following forms of competition are seen. In North America they are referred to as "

574: 402:. The horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as 336:, also known as indoor arenas or schools, enable training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding. 5567: 5542: 5380: 4775: 4068: 2579: 2553: 2298: 2185:

Horse riding events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek

1752: 1697: 1135:, a combination of a bosal and bit, called a "two-rein", is used at some stages of training. The standard western bridle lacks a 3930: 3042:

Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (May 2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a 10-year period".

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classes feature horses who are ridden on the flat (not jumped) and judged on manners, performance, movement, style and quality.

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Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a ten-year period".

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divisions have the least amount of animation (in some breeds, the horses are flat-shod) and the greatest emphasis on manners.

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Chitnavis JP, Gibbons CL, Hirigoyen M, Parry JL, Simpson AH (1996). "Accidents with horses: what has changed in 20 years?".

1301:: Horses and ponies are usually hitched to a light cart shown at a walk and two speeds of trot, with an emphasis on manners. 1167:" reins of the California tradition, which are closed reins with a long single attachment (the romal) that can be used as a 1096:, and in some cases, both front and back cinches. The depth of the seat may depend on the activity, a deeper seat used for 875:

classes, where the horse is led by a handler on the ground and judged on conformation and suitability as a breeding animal.

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involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles. It is most common in the UK, where it is also called

5622: 5605: 5577: 4760: 4578: 4406: 2424: 1606: 1194:. Riders may wear brighter colors or finer fabrics in competition than for work. In particular, horse show events such as 32: 5582: 5500: 4401: 4245: 2222: 286: 3629: 1759:) – consists of three stages: following a precise route marked on a map, negotiation of obstacles and control of paces. 5595: 5532: 5522: 5373: 5234: 4780: 4765: 4533: 4528: 4455: 4383: 3086: 3044: 2664: 2375:

Horse-Powered Farming for the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Equipment, Methods, and Management for Organic Growers

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is a popular equestrian sport which is practiced in many nations around the world. It is inextricably associated with

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riders and non-riders, and also between mountain bike riders and on-road bicycle riders. Horse-riding injuries to the

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of 4 female mountain bike riders and 2 female horse riders found both patient-reported perineal pain and evidence of

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Nelson MA, Goldberg B, Harris SS, Landry GL, Orenstein DM, Risser WL (1992). "Horseback riding and head injuries".

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Carrillo EH, Varnagy D, Bragg SM, Levy J, Riordan K (2007). "Traumatic injuries associated with horseback riding".

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There are many other forms of equestrian activity and sports seen worldwide. There are both competitive events and

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every four years and may hold their own individual World Championships in other years. The FEI also recognizes

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Handling, riding and driving horses have inherent risks. Horses are large prey animals with a well-developed

978:, was created to show to best advantage the animated movement of high-stepping and gaited breeds such as the 742:, is a highly refined set of skills seldom used in competition but often seen in demonstration performances. 637:, puts together the obedience of dressage with the athletic ability of show jumping, the fitness demands the 5465: 5116: 4337: 2277: 2252: 2154: 1671: 983: 725: 6110: 6095: 5354: 4823: 4421: 4353: 4080: 2351: 1689: 784: 308: 3123:

Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie. Supplement. Kongressband. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Kongress

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or else a "one ear" loop (sometimes two) that crosses in front of the horse's ear. Two styles of Western

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Worley GH (2010). "Promoting the use of equestrian helmets: another opportunity for injury prevention".

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that was buried there shows teeth wear consistent with using a bit. However, the most unequivocal early

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Northey G (September 2003). "Equestrian injuries in New Zealand, 1993–2001: knowledge and experience".

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divisions still emphasis animated action, but to a lesser degree, with manners ranking over animation.

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Turgut AT, Kosar U, Kosar P, Karabulut A (July 2005). "Scrotal sonographic findings in equestrians".

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or the horns of adult cattle, and the animal is secured in a fashion dictated by its size and age.

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Humans appear to have long expressed a desire to know which horse or horses were the fastest, and

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developed: The long split reins of the Texas tradition, which are completely separated, or the "

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For the 2012 Olympics, the Royal Mint has produced a 50p coin showing a horse jumping a fence.

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may also be shown saddle seat in the United States. There are usually three basic divisions.

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Horses continue to be used in public service, in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals),

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In men, sports-related injuries are among the major causes of testicular trauma. In a small

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Horse & Hound - 7 Things You Need to Know about the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art

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classes judge the movement and the form of horses suitable for work over fences. A typical

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phase. In the last-named, the horses jump over fixed obstacles, such as logs, stone walls,

5932: 5927: 5587: 5323: 5257: 5126: 5085: 5060: 5055: 5010: 4945: 4727: 4586: 4560: 4555: 4295: 4225: 4220: 3986: 3651: 2626: 2609: 1964: 1931: 1808: 1779:, but shorter in length (25 – 35 miles (56 km), depending on class). Being a form of 1703: 1627: 1519: 1378: 1215: 1105: 1101: 951: 882: 735: 697: 642: 589: 296: 274: 246: 155: 100: 3427:"Traumatic Brain Injury in Equestrian Sport – Dr Chambless (2nd Helmet Safety Symposium)" 1448: 1419:, also called "tie-down roping", is an event where a calf is roped around the neck by a 277:. There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, 6051: 6046: 5917: 5777: 5735: 5725: 5711: 5640: 5470: 5460: 5415: 4994: 4890: 4750: 4300: 4290: 4285: 4250: 4185: 4180: 4175: 3822: 3172: 3145: 2982: 2955: 2796: 2769: 2272: 2174: 2164:

Secondary effects of racing have also recently been uncovered. A 2006 investigation by

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equipment designed to be pulled by animals. In many parts of the world they still pull

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purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and

167: 3909: 2834: 2746: 2557: 1897:

personnel. Other findings noted that helmets likely prevent traumatic brain injuries.

1058:

evolved from the cattle-working and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the

657:

The additional internationally sanctioned but non-Olympic disciplines governed by the

456:

on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a long history as well.

182: 6089: 6036: 5937: 5831: 5816: 5645: 5560: 5555: 5313: 5075: 5045: 4979: 4870: 4565: 4498: 4490: 4280: 3934: 3744: 3472: 3313: 3270: 2515: 2214: 2115: 2073: 1901: 1862: 1814: 1715: 1555: 1490: 1409: 1355: 1268: 1233: 1148: 1097: 1074: 1048: 987: 974:, is a primarily American discipline, though has recently become somewhat popular in 570: 494: 367: 363: 3874: 3795: 3377: 3286: 2887: 2490:"Paris 1900 Olympic Games | Second of the Modern Olympic Games, France | Britannica" 1865:

of injury from riding a horse, compared to riding a bicycle, was 9 times higher for

6017: 5952: 5922: 5895: 5865: 5853: 5799: 5794: 5612: 5510: 5505: 5328: 5303: 5262: 5143: 5090: 5035: 5025: 4974: 4930: 4920: 4905: 4854: 4737: 4717: 4681: 4503: 4305: 4200: 2165: 2129: 2101: 2089: 2050: 2038: 1894: 1837: 1821: 1756: 1740: 1729: 1632: 1618: 1594: 1469: 1359: 1314: 1304: 1183: 991: 975: 961: 896: 686: 603: 543: 510: 457: 449: 435: 323: 270: 242: 230: 226: 187: 39: 5040: 3529: 3329: 3099: 3057: 2208: 1783:, the objective is not to finish in the least time. Instead, as in other forms of 3980: 3892: 3858: 3235: 315:. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as 5806: 5445: 5420: 5308: 5199: 5189: 5095: 5030: 4925: 4885: 4808: 4745: 4470: 4465: 4450: 4445: 4431: 4265: 3404: 3020: 2916: 2293: 2288: 2046: 1935: 1882: 1802: 1661: 1536: 1430: 1416: 1292: 1264: 1112: 1085: 971: 947: 942: 938: 900: 819: 480: 476: 411: 375: 333: 266: 2871: 2531: 2516:"A veterinary review of endurance riding as an international competitive sport" 1321:, only without actually racing, but rather focusing on manners and performance. 1065:, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the 460:

have the pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed, but other breeds also race.

5972: 5880: 5811: 5772: 5750: 5515: 5209: 5153: 5065: 4849: 4648: 4513: 4480: 4332: 4327: 4260: 4205: 3779: 3564: 2330: 2232: 2204: 2169: 2141: 2069: 1886: 1866: 1735: 1665: 1599: 1571: 1563: 1506: 1384: 1275: 1187: 1152: 844: 836: 831: 750: 390:

burials about 2500 BC present the most direct hard evidence of horses used as

383: 304: 254: 104: 80: 57: 5675: 2787: 1327:

driving, using somewhat larger two or four wheeled carriages, often restored

5989: 5967: 5957: 5767: 5440: 5288: 5194: 5184: 4935: 4707: 4475: 2081: 1968: 1828:

in which teams of 3 (two humans and one horse) alternate running and riding.

1780: 1772: 1676: 1622: 1551: 1495: 1465: 1144: 1124: 1013: 934: 682: 593: 17: 4954: 3866: 3830: 3787: 3752: 3716: 3689: 3608: 3572: 3537: 3412: 3321: 3278: 3243: 3208: 3107: 3065: 3028: 2924: 2879: 2842: 2805: 2754: 2716: 2539: 1206: 704:, are also governed by the FEI and offer the following competition events: 3480: 3181: 3130: 2991: 2707: 2690: 1904:

each year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, resulting in 50,000

711:

Para-Equestrian Driving places competitors in grades based on their skill.

531:

Harness racing is also found throughout Europe, New Zealand and Australia.

505:

Both light and heavy breeds as well as ponies are raced in harness with a

6031: 6026: 6022: 5902: 5848: 5843: 5789: 5662: 5131: 5121: 4895: 4803: 4676: 4671: 3163: 2973: 2133: 2054: 2034: 1972: 1708: 1681: 1649: 1567: 1324: 1259:, horses can race in harness, pulling a very lightweight cart known as a 1249: 1140: 1136: 1116: 1062: 965: 957: 885:

rather than ridden, but still judged on manners, performance and quality.

788: 614: 585: 453: 379: 312: 257:

where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. Horses (and other

218: 210: 68: 855:, refers to events where the rider is judged on form, style and ability. 5947: 5860: 5757: 5635: 5425: 4910: 4712: 4538: 4523: 2077: 1858: 1653: 1328: 1278:

competition, the following general categories of competition are seen:

1132: 1093: 773: 670: 399: 387: 222: 108: 3630:"New Helmet Rules for Eventing and Dressage Passed at USEF Convention" 1331:, judged on the turnout/neatness or suitability of horse and carriage. 1044: 6041: 5962: 5784: 5365: 5138: 4828: 4275: 4270: 2153:

a practice of applying a caustic ointment just above the hooves of a

2085: 1927: 1890: 1725: 1724:, a team game played on horses, involves riders using a long-handled 1559: 1464:

riding, where the rider rides a bucking horse holding onto a leather

1397: 1229: 1221: 1156: 1066: 769: 758: 754: 292: 282: 4597: 592:) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of 4112: 4102: 386:

evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven.

285:

offer both guided and independent riding. Horses are also used for

5080: 5050: 4755: 4159: 2105: 2030: 2019: 1874: 1870: 1505: 1447: 1424: 1420: 1405: 1363: 1341: 1260: 1245: 1205: 1191: 1175:

competitors in timed events sometimes use a closed rein without a

1172: 1168: 1164: 1120: 1089: 1070: 1059: 1043: 1035: 911: 803: 506: 483:

in the United Kingdom. In the US, horse racing is governed by the

407: 353: 278: 258: 250: 206: 202: 181: 163: 118: 94: 63: 51: 2580:"Loss of horses a 'sad moment' for modern pentathlon, Davis says" 5907: 5875: 4844: 4839: 2638: 2122:, have been known to criticise some horse sports with claims of 1721: 1657: 1541: 1532: 1511: 1241: 1237: 1225: 1160: 414:. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the 316: 262: 238: 5679: 5369: 4601: 4132: 3897:. Vol. 4. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. 1834:, a distance horse race with diverse fence and ditch obstacles. 1182:

Western riders wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants or jeans,

5450: 4123: 4063: 2057:; the relevance of these findings to horse riding is unknown. 2003:

to five years; specific recommendations vary by manufacturer.

1236:

in many different ways. For working purposes, they can pull a

475:

is the most popular form worldwide. In the UK, it is known as

394:. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of 4107: 3703:

Crepin G, Biserte J, Cosson M, Duchene F (October 2006). "".

3146:"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity" 2956:"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity" 2768:

Gabbe BJ, Finch CF, Cameron PA, Williamson OD (August 2005).

1840:, pleasure riding any breed horse, any style across the land. 3891:

William Williams Keen; John Chalmers Da Costa, eds. (1908).

3121:

Dittmer H (1991). "The injury pattern in horseback riding".

1139:

and usually consists of a single set of reins attached to a

362:

Though there is controversy over the exact date horses were

265:) are used for non-competitive recreational riding, such as 3393:

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care

1080:

The most noticeable feature of western style riding is the

4118: 2514:

Nagy, Annamaria; Dyson, Sue; Murray, Jane (18 June 2012).

4128: 3676:

Dhall A (1995). "Adolescence: myths and misconceptions".

1346:

Rodeo events include the following forms of competition:

745:

The world's leading Classical dressage programs include:

38:"Horseback" redirects here. For the back of a horse, see 4096: 4091: 4086: 4055: 2691:"Spinal injuries resulting from horse riding accidents" 2168:

in the UK found that each year 6,000–10,000 horses are

1873:, but that riding a horse was less risky than riding a 1728:

to drive a ball on the ground into the opposing team's

1554:

with two hoops at the top is attached around a horse's

577:

at the Olympics. They are governed by the rules of the

1190:. A rider may wear protective leather leggings called 998:

divisions are for the horses with the highest action.

700:

competition at the international level, including the

358:

Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider

197:

and ridden for practical working purposes, such as in

2425:"Benefits of Training Your Horses in an Indoor Arena" 1755:, a form of orienteering on horses (but unrelated to 3492: 3490: 1580:, competition of timed pattern games, also known as 1574:

movements while the horse walks, trots, and canters.

1248:

for basic hauling and transportation. They may draw

569:

Equestrian events were first included in the modern

6010: 5718: 5488: 5403: 5342: 5281: 5243: 5152: 5109: 5003: 4944: 4863: 4796: 4736: 4690: 4658: 4489: 4430: 4392: 4346: 4234: 4166: 2037:is rare and is associated with certain sports (see 1404:, medical treatment and other purposes. A lasso or 1104:or a more shallow seat for general ranch riding or 45:"Horsewoman" redirects here. For the painting, see 3886: 3884: 1621:, a type of cattle-working competition popular in 3370:"National economic impact of U.S. horse industry" 1918:mechanisms may be more common than being kicked. 1460:Bronc riding – there are two divisions in rodeo, 1313:: A horse show competition where exhibitors wear 524:The United States Trotting Association organizes 4023:"London 2012 50p Sports Collection – Equestrian" 2469:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship. 1252:at ceremonies, in parades or for tourist rides. 2554:"What is Dressage? – Dressage Academy Training" 1040:Western horsemanship attire and style of riding 4047:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 4005:"The slaughtered horses that shame our racing" 2263:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 1980:National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1119:. Bitless headstalls are also seen, such as a 903:, where horses and riders must jump obstacles. 579:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 565:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 487:. other light breeds are also raced worldwide. 5691: 5381: 4613: 4144: 3454: 3452: 2936: 2934: 1362:– the timed speed and agility events seen in 422:in 1493. Equestrianism was introduced in the 162:. This broad description includes the use of 8: 3925: 3923: 3079: 3077: 3075: 2449:Horse: How the Horse has Shaped Civilization 2400:"Mounted Forces | The British Horse Society" 2285:for a description of urban riding traditions 2045:has been termed "horse riders' perineum". A 99:Equestrian tour on traditional local breed, 4064:Equestrian Federation of Australia web site 3998: 3996: 3994: 3956:"EQUUS Special Report: Why Soring Persists" 3344:"Human injuries related to horses analyzed" 2149:criminal penalties. The most well-known is 2120:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 1295:performance competition is done in harness. 307:, and in other types of exhibition such as 133: 127: 121: 5698: 5684: 5676: 5388: 5374: 5366: 4620: 4606: 4598: 4151: 4137: 4129: 1732:while the opposing team defends their goal 138:, 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as 3171: 2981: 2940:"Most injuries result from falls (80%)", 2795: 2706: 2639:"Horse Show Apparel, Attire, Accessories" 2352:"equitación – Diccionario Inglés-Español" 1263:. At the other end of the spectrum, some 796:Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art 738:"high school"), an advanced component of 426:as an Olympic sport with jumping events. 75:, one of the "Big Four" most prestigious 4311:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics 4097:The North American Trail Ride Conference 1210:A Welsh pony in fine harness competition 1127:on younger horses, or various styles of 810:Other major classical teams include the 561:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics 2311: 2159:United States Department of Agriculture 1510:Girls and their horses preparing for a 1317:and ride in a sulky in a style akin to 154:), includes the disciplines of riding, 2110:Organized welfare groups, such as the 2041:). The type of trauma associated with 1955:Among 36 members and employees of the 326:and volunteer mounted patrols and for 2471:Amigo Publications Inc; 1st edition. 1978:In the United States, an analysis of 555:International and Olympic disciplines 201:or for controlling herd animals on a 7: 3894:Surgery, Its Principles and Practice 2663:Thompson, Helen (January 13, 2014). 2189:, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 677:. These disciplines are part of the 4081:Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan 4077:Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan 4053:United States Equestrian Federation 3656:United States Equestrian Federation 2258:United States Equestrian Federation 2112:Humane Society of the United States 1468:or rigging with only one hand, and 781:Portuguese School of Equestrian Art 73:Portuguese School of Equestrian Art 4124:National Cutting Horse Association 4092:American Endurance Ride Conference 4061:Equestrian Federation of Australia 3847:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 3823:10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ma42427 3711:(7): 1479–91, discussion 1491–93. 3151:British Journal of Sports Medicine 2961:British Journal of Sports Medicine 2775:British Journal of Sports Medicine 2039:Pelvic floor#Clinical significance 2007:Rules on helmet use in competition 1452:Small herd of rough stock in Texas 25: 4461:Mountain and moorland pony breeds 4113:The American Vaulting Association 4087:United States Dressage Federation 3931:"Bred To Death: Background Notes" 3910:"Should steeplechases be banned?" 3768:Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 3374:American Horse Council Foundation 2835:10.1097/01.TA.0000053470.38129.F4 2747:10.1097/01.ta.0000222584.48001.a0 2643:Hobby Horse Clothing Company, Inc 2283:Fletcher Street Urban Riding Club 2248:Equestrian at the Summer Olympics 1975:reported that 60% were admitted. 1948:Leg fracture or dislocation (15%) 1942:Arm fracture or dislocation (31%) 1869:and 5.6 times higher for younger 689:as its two regional disciplines. 178:Overview of equestrian activities 5706: 5479: 4582: 4581: 4069:Equestrian Federation of Ireland 3745:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01124.x 3314:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01107.x 3271:10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02707.x 2299:Horsemanship of Ulysses S. Grant 2207: 1753:Competitive Mounted Orienteering 1698:Society for Creative Anachronism 1155:. Western bridles have either a 6083:Use of horses for sport or work 3518:The American Journal of Surgery 2859:Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2187:Horse Riding commemorative coin 1775:held across terrain similar to 1427:, medical treatment, and so on. 4003:Barnett, Antony (2006-10-06). 3733:The Journal of Sexual Medicine 3499:American Academy of Pediatrics 3302:Emergency Medicine Australasia 1092:after roping an animal), wide 1: 4579:Lists of horse-related topics 3587:"Helmet Replacement Strategy" 3530:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007 3100:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.016 3058:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007 2942:Horse riding during pregnancy 2173:annually by the Thoroughbred 1652:, a sport originating on the 1607:Portuguese-style bullfighting 1584:in the western United States. 1408:is thrown over the head of a 33:Horse riding (disambiguation) 4691:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic 4246:Glossary of equestrian terms 3933:. Animal Aid. Archived from 3859:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815c042f 3553:Journal of Emergency Nursing 3473:10.1016/0020-1383(95)00176-X 3431:Riders4Helmets Campaign News 3236:10.1016/j.injury.2006.08.026 2665:"14 Fun Facts About Broncos" 2378:. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2223:Glossary of equestrian terms 2096:Criticism of horses in sport 1922:Types and severity of injury 1660:, now the national sport of 1589:Horse sports that use cattle 1544:(Argentina's national sport) 1147:than the curb of an English 881:classes, where the horse is 513:dominates the sport in both 79:in the world, alongside the 5235:Western riding (horse show) 4781:List of horse racing venues 3405:10.1097/ta.0b013e31817dac43 3087:American Journal of Surgery 3045:American Journal of Surgery 3021:10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43 2917:10.1097/ta.0b013e318031b5d4 2170:slaughtered for consumption 1570:on the horse, and performs 1502:Other equestrian activities 1255:As noted in "horse racing" 693:Para-equestrian disciplines 311:or ceremony, often pulling 6132: 5601:Monkeys in Chinese culture 5246:breed-specific disciplines 4369:Ancient and Imperial China 4099:– Competitive Trail Riding 3144:R. G. Lloyd (March 1987). 2954:R. G. Lloyd (March 1987). 2872:10.1177/145749690709600115 2532:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.022 2243:Equestrian use of roadways 2099: 1612:Spanish-style bullfighting 1339: 1213: 1084:, which has a substantial 1029: 919: 829: 719: 679:FEI World Equestrian Games 558: 433: 346:Domestication of the horse 343: 44: 37: 26: 6060: 5477: 5350:List of historical horses 4771:Thoroughbred horse racing 4635: 4574: 4256:List of equestrian sports 4103:UK Endurance Horse Riding 3780:10.7863/jum.2005.24.7.911 3565:10.1016/j.jen.2010.01.007 2451:New York:BlueBridge 2006 2423:Structures (2023-03-27). 2228:List of equestrian sports 1558:. The horse also wears a 1444:"Rough Stock" competition 1143:that has somewhat longer 812:South African Lipizzaners 473:Thoroughbred horse racing 328:mounted search and rescue 186:Musicians riding horses, 5294:Competitive trail riding 4776:Films about horse racing 4119:Danish Riding Federation 4108:Ride and Tie Association 2788:10.1136/bjsm.2004.015750 2689:J R Silver (June 2002). 2429:Coastal Steel Structures 2372:Leslie, Stephen (2015). 1851:flight or fight instinct 1769:Competitive trail riding 869:Halter, in-hand breeding 205:. They are also used in 5466:Animal-assisted therapy 5117:Cowboy mounted shooting 3985:March 15, 2013, at the 3774:(7): 911–17, quiz 919. 2333:. Thefreedictionary.com 2278:Cowboy Mounted Shooting 2253:List of horse accidents 2181:Horse riding on coinage 2155:Tennessee Walking Horse 1690:historical reenactments 1672:Cowboy mounted shooting 1522:disciplines available. 895:refers broadly to both 726:Equestrianism in France 479:and is governed by the 89:Royal Andalusian School 5355:Women in equestrianism 5158:exhibition disciplines 4056:USEF Official web site 3705:Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 3259:ANZ Journal of Surgery 2520:The Veterinary Journal 2447:Chamberlin, J. Edward 2025: 1515: 1453: 1211: 1133:Vaquero style training 1052: 1041: 917: 785:Queluz National Palace 359: 309:historical reenactment 190: 134: 128: 122: 111: 92: 61: 6116:Summer Olympic sports 6072:Winter Olympic sports 6000:Greco-Roman wrestling 5712:Summer Olympic sports 5205:Show hunter (British) 4814:Equestrian drill team 4115:– Equestrian Vaulting 4049:FEI official homepage 2708:10.1038/sj.sc.3101280 2542:– via Elsevier. 2023: 1957:Hong Kong Jockey Club 1791:Cross Country Jumping 1509: 1451: 1209: 1186:, and a wide-brimmed 1047: 1039: 915: 766:Spanish Riding School 639:cross-country jumping 546:and various forms of 528:in the United States. 464:Types of horse racing 357: 185: 98: 85:Spanish Riding School 67: 55: 47:Horsewoman (painting) 6011:Discretionary sports 5319:Mounted orienteering 5268:Icelandic equitation 5004:Working stock sports 3368:Deloitte, C (2005). 3164:10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22 2974:10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22 2669:Smithsonian Magazine 2625:May 1, 2013, at the 2608:May 8, 2013, at the 2467:Bennett, Deb (1998) 2191:2004 Summer Olympics 1913:Mechanisms of injury 1906:emergency department 1747:Cross-country sports 1129:mechanical hackamore 800:Jerez de la Frontera 509:or racing bike. The 424:1900 Summer Olympics 374:, people were using 340:History of horse use 144:Commonwealth English 27:For other uses, see 5995:Freestyle wrestling 5891:Rhythmic gymnastics 5886:Artistic gymnastics 5253:Camargue equitation 5175:Halter (horse show) 4970:Draft horse showing 4379:Indian subcontinent 3962:on 9 September 2014 3652:"2011 Rule Changes" 2354:. Wordreference.com 1879:Victoria, Australia 1785:judged trail riding 1644:Defined area sports 1548:Equestrian vaulting 1480:International rodeo 1289:Draft horse showing 980:American Saddlebred 847:, sometimes called 452:has ancient roots. 444:Parimutuel gambling 398:as light and heavy 56:A young rider at a 5397:Mammals in culture 5273:Working equitation 5220:Trail (horse show) 5165:Classical dressage 4881:Corrida de sortija 4412:American Civil War 4167:Equine science and 2494:www.britannica.com 2238:Classical dressage 2026: 1951:Chest injury (33%) 1861:reported that the 1516: 1454: 1212: 1053: 1042: 918: 816:Hollandsche Manege 740:Classical dressage 722:Classical dressage 360: 207:competitive sports 191: 112: 93: 62: 6106:Equestrian sports 6101:Individual sports 6080: 6079: 6068:Paralympic sports 5913:Modern pentathlon 5741:Marathon Swimming 5673: 5672: 5436:Laboratory animal 5363: 5362: 5180:Horse showmanship 5101:Working cow horse 4965:Chuckwagon racing 4876:Carrera de cintas 4864:Games with horses 4819:Escaramuza charra 4629:Equestrian sports 4595: 4594: 3632:. 27 January 2011 3008:Journal of Trauma 2904:Journal of Trauma 2822:Journal of Trauma 2734:Journal of Trauma 2385:978-1-60358-613-9 2268:Equestrian helmet 2068:study of 52 men, 2043:equestrian sports 1945:Head injury (21%) 1694:Renaissance Fairs 1638:Working cow horse 1566:. The vaulter is 1550:: In vaulting, a 635:the complete test 619:combined training 609:modern pentathlon 575:equestrian events 535:Distance racing: 350:Horses in warfare 172:competitive sport 16:(Redirected from 6123: 5978:Beach volleyball 5719:Mandatory sports 5710: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5677: 5483: 5431:Animals in sport 5411:Animal husbandry 5390: 5383: 5376: 5367: 5230:Western pleasure 5225:Western dressage 5170:English pleasure 5071:Jineteada gaucha 5021:Breakaway roping 5016:Australian rodeo 4985:Pleasure driving 4960:Carriage driving 4698:Combined driving 4622: 4615: 4608: 4599: 4585: 4584: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4130: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4000: 3989: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3958:. Archived from 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3494: 3485: 3484: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3433:. Archived from 3423: 3417: 3416: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3376:. Archived from 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3175: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3081: 3070: 3069: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2985: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2929: 2928: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2799: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2710: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2618: 2612: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2556:. Archived from 2550: 2544: 2543: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2486: 2480: 2465: 2459: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2327: 2321: 2316: 2217: 2212: 2211: 1938:study, include: 1826:endurance riding 1797:Endurance riding 1777:endurance riding 1486:Australian rodeo 1437:Breakaway roping 1299:Pleasure driving 1283:Combined driving 1196:Western pleasure 984:Tennessee Walker 916:A dressage rider 663:combined driving 540:Endurance riding 378:on horses, as a 215:endurance riding 152:American English 148:horseback riding 137: 131: 125: 101:Icelandic horses 77:riding academies 21: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6076: 6056: 6006: 5822:Mountain biking 5714: 5704: 5674: 5669: 5484: 5475: 5399: 5394: 5364: 5359: 5338: 5324:Pleasure riding 5277: 5258:Doma menorquina 5245: 5239: 5157: 5148: 5127:Mounted archery 5105: 5086:Steer wrestling 5061:Deporte de lazo 5011:Acoso y derribo 4999: 4940: 4859: 4792: 4732: 4728:Para-equestrian 4686: 4654: 4640:Main articles: 4631: 4626: 4596: 4591: 4570: 4485: 4426: 4407:Napoleonic Wars 4388: 4342: 4238: 4230: 4168: 4162: 4157: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4002: 4001: 3992: 3987:Wayback Machine 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3940: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3890: 3889: 3882: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3678:Health Millions 3675: 3674: 3670: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3083: 3082: 3073: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2939: 2932: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2741:(4): 996–1003. 2729: 2728: 2724: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2627:Wayback Machine 2619: 2615: 2610:Wayback Machine 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2578:Carroll, Rory. 2577: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2561: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2466: 2462: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2408: 2406: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2334: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2213: 2206: 2202: 2183: 2118:groups such as 2108: 2098: 2053:changes in the 2018: 2009: 1988: 1965:New South Wales 1932:internal organs 1924: 1915: 1847: 1809:pleasure riding 1749: 1704:Mounted archery 1646: 1591: 1528: 1520:pleasure riding 1504: 1482: 1446: 1394: 1379:Steer wrestling 1352: 1344: 1338: 1218: 1216:Driving (horse) 1204: 1106:Steer wrestling 1034: 1028: 924: 910: 834: 828: 728: 720:Main articles: 718: 698:Para-equestrian 695: 627:three-day event 588:("training" in 567: 559:Main articles: 557: 466: 446: 434:Main articles: 432: 392:working animals 352: 344:Main articles: 342: 180: 50: 43: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6129: 6127: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5943:Sport climbing 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5787: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5680: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5641:Whale watching 5638: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5618:Spotted hyenas 5615: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5498: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5471:Working animal 5468: 5463: 5461:Service animal 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4995:Scurry driving 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4891:Equine agility 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4761:Point-to-point 4758: 4753: 4751:Harness racing 4748: 4742: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4668: 4666: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4645: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4308: 4303: 4301:Horse training 4298: 4293: 4291:Western riding 4288: 4286:English riding 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4251:Horse industry 4248: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4074: 4072:– EFI web site 4066: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4041:External links 4039: 4036: 4035: 4014: 3990: 3973: 3947: 3919: 3901: 3880: 3836: 3801: 3758: 3722: 3695: 3668: 3643: 3621: 3600: 3589:. 4 April 2011 3578: 3543: 3508: 3486: 3448: 3437:on 29 May 2015 3418: 3383: 3380:on 2010-02-03. 3360: 3335: 3292: 3249: 3214: 3203:(1182): U601. 3187: 3136: 3113: 3071: 3034: 2997: 2946: 2930: 2893: 2848: 2811: 2760: 2722: 2681: 2655: 2630: 2613: 2596: 2570: 2545: 2526:(3): 288–293. 2506: 2481: 2460: 2440: 2415: 2404:www.bhs.org.uk 2391: 2384: 2364: 2343: 2322: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2275: 2273:Mounting block 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2182: 2179: 2175:horse industry 2138:steeplechasing 2124:animal cruelty 2097: 2094: 2017: 2016:Riding astride 2014: 2008: 2005: 1987: 1984: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1819: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1766: 1760: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1701: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1575: 1545: 1539: 1527: 1524: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1462:bareback bronc 1445: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1351: 1348: 1340:Main article: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1322: 1319:harness racing 1308: 1302: 1296: 1286: 1232:are driven in 1214:Main article: 1203: 1200: 1082:western saddle 1056:Western riding 1032:Western riding 1030:Main article: 1027: 1026:Western riding 1024: 1023: 1022: 1011: 969: 955: 928:English riding 922:English riding 920:Main article: 909: 908:English riding 906: 905: 904: 886: 876: 866: 859:Pleasure, flat 856: 849:seat and hands 830:Main article: 827: 824: 808: 807: 792: 777: 762: 717: 714: 713: 712: 709: 694: 691: 655: 654: 617:, also called 612: 601: 556: 553: 552: 551: 533: 532: 529: 526:harness racing 522: 499: 498: 491:Steeplechasing 488: 468:Under saddle: 465: 462: 440:Harness racing 431: 428: 404:transportation 384:archaeological 341: 338: 301:harness racing 179: 176: 166:for practical 71:riders of the 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6128: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6111:Uses of boots 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6096:Equestrianism 6094: 6093: 6091: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037:Flag football 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5985:Weightlifting 5983: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5938:Skateboarding 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5832:Track cycling 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5817:Freestyle BMX 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5696: 5694: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Whale worship 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5561:Horse worship 5559: 5557: 5556:Horses in art 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5456:Equestrianism 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5314:Hunter pacing 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5299:Cross-country 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5076:Ranch sorting 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:Chilean rodeo 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4980:Horse pulling 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4955:Ban'ei racing 4953: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4871:Barrel racing 4869: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4662:disciplines, 4661: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4642:Equestrianism 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4588: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4456:Gaited horses 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4384:North America 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4359:Domestication 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4236:Equestrianism 4233: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3937:on 2013-05-10 3936: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3916:. 2000-04-17. 3915: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3817:(2): 427–31. 3816: 3812: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3739:(2): 464–68. 3738: 3734: 3726: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3707:(in French). 3706: 3699: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3559:(3): 263–64. 3558: 3554: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3524:(5): 702–04. 3523: 3519: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3467:(2): 103–05. 3466: 3462: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3399:(2): 447–60. 3398: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3361: 3350:. 5 July 2009 3349: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308:(4): 357–62. 3307: 3303: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3265:(8): 567–71. 3264: 3260: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230:(1): 98–103. 3229: 3225: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094:(5): 636–40. 3093: 3089: 3088: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3052:(5): 702–04. 3051: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3015:(2): 447–60. 3014: 3010: 3009: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2911:(3): 735–39. 2910: 2906: 2905: 2897: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2829:(3): 643–47. 2828: 2824: 2823: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2782:(8): 573–77. 2781: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2701:(6): 264–71. 2700: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2682: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2571: 2560:on 2021-03-08 2559: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 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1921: 1919: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1902:United States 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:power boating 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:relative risk 1860: 1855: 1852: 1845:Health issues 1844: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824:is a form of 1823: 1820: 1816: 1815:Hunter Pacing 1813: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716:Mounted Games 1714: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Skill at Arms 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1513: 1508: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1491:Chilean rodeo 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1463: 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Retrieved 4017: 4009:The Guardian 4008: 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3960:the original 3950: 3939:. Retrieved 3935:the original 3913: 3904: 3899:pp. 598, 615 3893: 3853:(1): 49–54. 3850: 3846: 3839: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3684:(3): 35–38. 3681: 3677: 3671: 3659:. Retrieved 3655: 3646: 3634:. Retrieved 3624: 3612:. Retrieved 3603: 3591:. Retrieved 3581: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3502: 3498: 3464: 3460: 3439:. Retrieved 3435:the original 3430: 3421: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3378:the original 3373: 3363: 3352:. Retrieved 3348:TheHorse.com 3347: 3338: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3200: 3197:N. Z. Med. J 3196: 3190: 3158:(1): 22–24. 3155: 3149: 3139: 3122: 3116: 3091: 3085: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2968:(1): 22–24. 2965: 2959: 2949: 2944:, MS Rogers. 2941: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2866:(1): 79–82. 2863: 2857: 2851: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2779: 2773: 2763: 2738: 2732: 2725: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2672:. 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Retrieved 2325: 2314: 2195: 2184: 2166:The Observer 2163: 2150: 2147: 2130:Horse racing 2128: 2109: 2102:Horse racing 2090:blunt trauma 2059: 2051:sub-clinical 2027: 2010: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1977: 1962: 1954: 1925: 1916: 1899: 1895:horse racing 1883:motor sports 1856: 1848: 1838:Trail Riding 1832:Steeplechase 1822:Ride and Tie 1807:Hacking, or 1757:orienteering 1741:Tent pegging 1633:Team penning 1619:Campdrafting 1598: 1595:Bullfighting 1581: 1526:Arena sports 1517: 1470:saddle bronc 1455: 1395: 1360:pole bending 1350:Timed events 1345: 1315:racing silks 1305:Fine harness 1273: 1265:draft horses 1256: 1254: 1219: 1184:cowboy boots 1181: 1176: 1151:bridle or a 1110: 1102:cutting cows 1079: 1054: 1051:competition. 1019:riding horse 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 976:South Africa 962:show jumping 925: 897:show jumping 892: 888: 878: 873:conformation 872: 868: 863:under saddle 862: 858: 853:horsemanship 852: 848: 835: 809: 744: 731: 729: 696: 687:tent pegging 656: 634: 631:the Military 630: 626: 623:horse trials 622: 618: 604:Show jumping 568: 544:Ride and Tie 534: 511:Standardbred 501:In harness: 500: 467: 450:horse racing 447: 436:Horse racing 430:Horse racing 364:domesticated 361: 334:Riding halls 332: 321: 291: 271:trail riding 243:horse racing 231:tent pegging 227:show jumping 192: 188:Tang dynasty 147: 140:horse riding 139: 114: 113: 60:in Australia 40:Back (horse) 18:Horsemanship 5446:Pack animal 5421:Fur farming 5309:Fox hunting 5200:Show hunter 5190:Saddle seat 5096:Team roping 5031:Calf roping 4926:Potato race 4886:Dzhigitovka 4809:Cowboy polo 4797:Team sports 4786:by capacity 4746:Flat racing 4471:Stock horse 4466:Sport horse 4451:Feral horse 4446:Draft horse 4417:World War I 4364:Middle Ages 2695:Spinal Cord 2294:Jinba ittai 2289:Riding hall 2047:case series 1936:New Zealand 1867:adolescents 1857:A study in 1803:Fox hunting 1662:Afghanistan 1656:of central 1537:Cowboy polo 1431:Team roping 1417:Calf roping 1366:as well as 1293:draft horse 1267:compete in 1113:Snaffle bit 1086:saddle tree 972:Saddle seat 948:show hunter 943:show hunter 901:show hunter 893:Over Fences 837:Horse shows 826:Horse shows 820:Netherlands 732:haute école 716:Haute École 702:Paralympics 548:long riding 485:Jockey Club 481:Jockey Club 477:flat racing 412:agriculture 305:horse shows 287:therapeutic 267:fox hunting 255:horse shows 199:police work 193:Horses are 6090:Categories 5973:Volleyball 5881:Gymnastics 5839:Equestrian 5812:BMX racing 5773:Basketball 5751:Water polo 5606:Orangutans 5516:Teddy bear 5210:Sidesaddle 5154:Horse show 5066:Goat tying 4850:Polocrosse 4649:Equitation 4514:Hippomancy 4481:Wild horse 4333:Equitation 4328:Horse show 4261:Horse tack 4211:Management 4196:Coat color 4169:management 4079:Russian – 3941:2013-07-01 3354:2017-10-28 3125:: 466–69. 2564:2020-02-24 2500:2024-02-02 2434:2024-04-25 2409:2024-04-25 2358:2013-07-01 2337:2013-07-01 2306:References 2233:Sidesaddle 2142:Animal Aid 2100:See also: 2082:contusions 2070:varicocele 2062:controlled 1736:Polocrosse 1666:Kyrgyzstan 1564:side reins 1385:Goat tying 1276:horse show 1188:cowboy hat 1153:pelham bit 1004:Plantation 845:Equitation 832:Horse show 751:Cadre Noir 598:collection 521:varieties. 396:war horses 209:including 105:Skaftafell 87:, and the 81:Cadre Noir 58:horse show 29:Equestrian 6065:See also: 5990:Wrestling 5968:Triathlon 5958:Taekwondo 5768:Badminton 5763:Athletics 5573:Kangaroos 5543:Elephants 5441:Livestock 5289:Cavalcade 5195:Show hack 5185:Hunt seat 5041:Charrería 4936:Skijoring 4916:O-Mok-See 4708:Horseball 4703:Endurance 4561:Symbolism 4556:Sacrifice 4519:Mythology 4476:Warmblood 4434:and types 4402:East Asia 4354:Evolution 4316:medalists 4239:and sport 4226:Slaughter 4221:Valuation 4216:Nutrition 3811:Radiology 3505:(3): 512. 2589:23 August 2066:unblinded 1969:Australia 1781:pace race 1773:pace race 1677:Horseball 1623:Australia 1582:O-Mok-See 1572:gymnastic 1552:surcingle 1496:Charreada 1466:surcingle 1372:O-Mok-See 1250:carriages 1240:or other 1171:. 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